| 1. |
- Larson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in a tilted optical lattice
- 2010
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. - : APS. - 1050-2947 .- 1094-1622. ; 82:4, s. 043620-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bloch oscillations appear for a particle in a weakly tilted periodic potential. The intrinsic spin Hall effect is an outcome of a spin-orbit coupling. We demonstrate that both of these phenomena can be realized simultaneously in a gas of weakly interacting ultracold atoms exposed to a tilted optical lattice and to a set of spatially dependent light fields inducing an effective spin-orbit coupling. It is found that both the spin Hall and the Bloch oscillation effects may coexist, showing, however, a strong correlation between the two. These correlations are manifested as a transverse spin current oscillating in-phase with the Bloch oscillations. On top of the oscillations originating from the periodicity of the model, a trembling motion is found which is believed to be atomic Zitterbewegung. It is argued that the damping of these Zitterbewegung oscillations may to a large extent be prevented in the present setup considering a periodic optical lattice potential.
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| 2. |
- Ali, M., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced photoluminescence from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well structures following 40 MeV iodine ion irradiation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 404:23-24, s. 4925-4928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects following ion irradiation of GaN-based devices are still limited. Here we present data on the photoluminescence (PL) emitted from InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) structures, which have been exposed to 40 MeV I ion irradiation. The PL is reduced as a function of applied ion fluence, with essentially no PL signal left above 1011 ions/cm2. It is observed that even the ion fluences in the 109 ions/cm2 range have a pronounced effect on the photoluminescence properties of the MQW structures. This may have consequences concerning application of InGaN/GaN MQW’s in radiation-rich environments, in addition to defect build-up during ion beam analysis.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Waltersson, Erik, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Controlled operations in a strongly correlated two-electron quantum ring
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - : American Physical Society. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 79:11, s. 115318-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have analyzed the electronic spectrum and wave-function characteristics of a strongly correlated two-electron quantum ring with model parameters close to those observed in experiments. The analysis is based on an exact diagonalization of the Hamiltonian in a large B-spline basis. We propose a qubit pair for storing quantum information, where one component is stored in the total electron spin and one multivalued “quMbit” is represented by the total angular momentum. In this scheme the controlled-NOT quantum gate is demonstrated with near 100% fidelity for a realistic far-infrared electromagnetic pulse.
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| 5. |
- Manzetti, Sergio, et al.
(författare)
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A Korteweg-DeVries type model for helical soliton solutions for quantum and continuum phenomena
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics C. - : World Scientific. - 0129-1831. ; 32:03
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum mechanical states are normally described by the Schrödinger equation, which generates real eigenvalues and quantizable solutions which form a basis for the estimation of quantum mechanical observables, such as momentum and kinetic energy. Studying transition in the realm of quantum physics and continuum physics is however more difficult and requires different models. We present here a new equation which bears similarities to the Korteweg–DeVries (KdV) equation and we generate a description of transitions in physics. We describe here the two- and three-dimensional form of the KdV like model dependent on the Plank constant ℏ and generate soliton solutions. The results suggest that transitions are represented by soliton solutions which arrange in a spiral-fashion. By helicity, we propose a conserved pattern of transition at all levels of physics, from quantum physics to macroscopic continuum physics.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Bleskov, I. D., et al.
(författare)
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Ab initio calculations of elastic properties of Ru1-xNixAl superalloys
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 94:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ab initio total energy calculations based on the exact muffin-tin orbitals method, combined with the coherent potential approximation, have been used to study the thermodynamical and elastic properties of substitutional refractory Ru1-xNixAl alloys. We have found that the elastic constants C' and C11 exhibit pronounced peculiarities near the concentration of about 40 at. % Ni, which we ascribe to electronic topological transitions. Our suggestion is supported by the Fermi surface calculations in the whole concentration range. Results of our calculations show that one can design Ru-Ni-Al alloys substituting Ru by Ni (up to 40 at. %) with almost invariable elastic constants and reduced density.
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| 8. |
- Baggioli, Matteo, et al.
(författare)
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Holographic plasmon relaxation with and without broken translations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : SPRINGER. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the dynamics and the relaxation of bulk plasmons in strongly coupled and quantum critical systems using the holographic framework. We analyze the dispersion relation of the plasmonic modes in detail for an illustrative class of holographic bottom-up models. Comparing to a simple hydrodynamic formula, we entangle the complicated interplay between the three least damped modes and shed light on the underlying physical processes. Such as the dependence of the plasma frequency and the effective relaxation time in terms of the electromagnetic coupling, the charge and the temperature of the system. Introducing momentum dissipation, we then identify its additional contribution to the damping. Finally, we consider the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of translational invariance. Upon dialing the strength of the SSB, we observe an increase of the longitudinal sound speed controlled by the elastic moduli and a decrease in the plasma frequency of the gapped plasmon. We comment on the condensed matter interpretation of this mechanism.
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| 9. |
- Grigoriev, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Electron transport in stretched monoatomic gold wires
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 97, s. 236807-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The conductance of monoatomic gold wires containing 3-7 gold atoms has been obtained from ab initio calculations. The transmission is found to vary significantly depending on the wire stretching and the number of incorporated atoms. Such oscillations are determined by the electronic structure of the one-dimensional (1D) part of the wire between the contacts. Our results indicate that the conductivity of 1D wires can be suppressed without breaking the contact.
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| 10. |
- Elenius, Måns, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for a liquid-solid critical point in a simple monatomic system
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 131:104502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is commonly believed that the transition line separating a liquid and a solid cannot be interrupted by a critical point. This opinion is based on the traditional symmetry argument that an isotropic liquid cannot be continuously transformed into a crystal with a discrete rotational and translational symmetry. We present here a molecular-dynamics simulation of a simple monatomic system suggesting the existence of a liquid-solid spinodal terminating at a critical point. We show that, in the critical region, the isotropic liquid continuously transforms into a phase with a mesoscopic order similar to that of the smectic liquid crystals. We argue that the existence of both the spinodal and the critical point can be explained by the close structural proximity between the mesophase and the crystal. This indicates a possibility of finding a similar thermodynamic behaviour in gelating colloids, liquid crystals and polymers.
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| 11. |
- Bahrova, O. M., et al.
(författare)
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Cooling of nanomechanical vibrations by Andreev injection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Low Temperature Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 1063-777X .- 1090-6517. ; 48:6, s. 476-482
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A nanoelectromechanical weak link composed of a carbon nanotube suspended between two normal electrodes in a gap between two superconducting leads is considered. The nanotube is treated as a movable single level quantum dot in which the position-dependent superconducting order parameter is induced due to the Cooper pair tunneling. We show that electron tunneling processes significantly affect the state of the mechanical subsystem. We found that at a given direction of the applied voltage between the electrodes, the stationary state of the mechanical subsystem has a Boltzmann form with an effective temperature dependent on the parameters of the device. As this takes place, the effective temperature can reach significantly small values (cooling effect). We also demonstrate that nanotube fluctuations strongly affect the dc current through the system. The latter can be used to probe the predicted effects in an experiment. Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
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| 12. |
- Gran, Ulf, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Plasmons in holographic graphene
- 2020
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Ingår i: SciPost Physics. - : SCIPOST FOUNDATION. - 2542-4653. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate how self-sourced collective modes - of which the plasmon is a prominent example due to its relevance in modern technological applications - are identified in strongly correlated systems described by holographic Maxwell theories. The characteristic ω ∝ pk plasmon dispersion for 2D materials, such as graphene, naturally emerges from this formalism. We also demonstrate this by constructing the first holographic model containing this feature. This provides new insight into modeling such systems from a holographic point of view, bottom-up and top-down alike. Beyond that, this method provides a general framework to compute the dynamical charge response of strange metals, which has recently become experimentally accessible due to the novel technique of momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy (M-EELS). This framework therefore opens up the exciting possibility of testing holographic models for strange metals against actual experimental data.
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| 13. |
- Jiao, Yang, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Signatures of van der Waals binding: A coupling-constant scaling analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 97:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The van der Waals (vdW) density functional (vdW-DF) method [Rep. Prog. Phys. 78, 066501 (2015)RPPHAG0034-488510.1088/0034-4885/78/6/066501] describes dispersion or vdW binding by tracking the effects of an electrodynamic coupling among pairs of electrons and their associated exchange-correlation holes. This is done in a nonlocal-correlation energy term Ecnl, which permits density functional theory calculation in the Kohn-Sham scheme. However, to map the nature of vdW forces in a fully interacting materials system, it is necessary to also account for associated kinetic-correlation energy effects. Here, we present a coupling-constant scaling analysis, which permits us to compute the kinetic-correlation energy Tcnl that is specific to the vdW-DF account of nonlocal correlations. We thus provide a more complete spatially resolved analysis of the electrodynamical-coupling nature of nonlocal-correlation binding, including vdW attraction, in both covalently and noncovalently bonded systems. We find that kinetic-correlation energy effects play a significant role in the account of vdW or dispersion interactions among molecules. Furthermore, our mapping shows that the total nonlocal-correlation binding is concentrated to pockets in the sparse electron distribution located between the material fragments.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Parafilo, A. V., et al.
(författare)
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Pumping and Cooling of Nanomechanical Vibrations Generated by Cooper-Pair Exchange
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Low Temperature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2291 .- 1573-7357. ; 210:1-2, s. 150-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a nanoelectromechanical system composed of a carbon nanotube suspended between two normal leads and coupled to a superconducting scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip via vacuum tunnel barrier. Treating the nanotube as a single-level quantum dot, it is shown that an applied voltage between the superconducting STM tip and normal leads gives rise to a pumping or a cooling of the mechanical subsystem depending on the direction of the electronic flow. It is also demonstrated that the transition between these two regimes is controlled by the strength of the tunnel coupling between the nanotube and superconducting STM tip and the relative position of the electronic level. Such phenomena are realized due to a specific electromechanical coupling that is fully governed by the quantum dynamics of the Cooper pairs. The amplitude of the self-sustained oscillations in the pumping regime is analyzed numerically, and the effective temperature of the mechanical subsystem in the cooling regime is obtained.
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| 16. |
- Sjöqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual aspects of geometric quantum computation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Quantum Information Processing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1570-0755 .- 1573-1332. ; 15:10, s. 3995-4011
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geometric quantum computation is the idea that geometric phases can be used to implement quantum gates, i.e., the basic elements of the Boolean network that forms a quantum computer. Although originally thought to be limited to adiabatic evolution, controlled by slowly changing parameters, this form of quantum computation can as well be realized at high speed by using nonadiabatic schemes. Recent advances in quantum gate technology have allowed for experimental demonstrations of different types of geometric gates in adiabatic and nonadiabatic evolution. Here, we address some conceptual issues that arise in the realizations of geometric gates. We examine the appearance of dynamical phases in quantum evolution and point out that not all dynamical phases need to be compensated for in geometric quantum computation. We delineate the relation between Abelian and non-Abelian geometric gates, and find an explicit physical example where the two types of gates coincide. We identify differencies and similarities between adiabatic and nonadiabatic realizations of quantum computation based on non-Abelian geometric phases.
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| 17. |
- Azimi Mousolou, Vahid, et al.
(författare)
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Universal Non-adiabatic Holonomic Gates in Quantum Dots and Single-Molecule Magnets
- 2014
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geometric manipulation of a quantum system offers a method for fast, universal, and robust quantum information processing. Here, we propose a scheme for universal all-geometric quantum computation using non-adiabatic quantum holonomies. We propose three different realizations of the scheme based on an unconventional use of quantum dot and single-molecule magnet devices, which offer promising scalability and robust efficiency.
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| 18. |
- Scheicher, Ralph H., et al.
(författare)
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Theoretical study of C60 as catalyst for dehydrogenation in LiBH4
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - UK : Institute of Physics. - 0957-4484 .- 1361-6528. ; 22:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complex light metal hydrides possess many properties which make them attractive as a storage medium for hydrogen, but typically catalysts are required to lower the hydrogen desorption temperature and to facilitate hydrogen uptake in the form of a reversible reaction. The overwhelming focus in the search for catalysing agents has been on compounds containing titanium, but the precise mechanism of their actions remains somewhat obscure. A recent experiment has now shown that fullerenes (C60) can also act as catalysts for both hydrogen uptake and release in lithium borohydride (LiBH4). In an effort to understand the involved mechanism, we have employed density functional theory to carry out a detailed study of the interaction between this complex metal hydride and the carbon nanomaterial. Considering a stepwise reduction of the hydrogen content in LiBH4, we find that the presence of C60 can lead to a substantial reduction of the involved H-removal energies. This effect is explained as a consequence of the interaction between the BHx − complex and the C60 entity.
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| 19. |
- Catena, Riccardo, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Dark matter-electron interactions in materials beyond the dark photon model
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; 2023:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The search for sub-GeV dark matter (DM) particles via electronic transitions in underground detectors attracted much theoretical and experimental interest in the past few years. A still open question in this field is whether experimental results can in general be interpreted in a framework where the response of detector materials to an external DM probe is described by a single ionisation or crystal form factor, as expected for the so-called dark photon model. Here, ionisation and crystal form factors are examples of material response functions: interaction-specific integrals of the initial and final state electron wave functions. In this work, we address this question through a systematic classification of the material response functions induced by a wide range of models for spin-0, spin-1/2 and spin-1 DM. We find several examples for which an accurate description of the electronic transition rate at DM direct detection experiments requires material response functions that go beyond those expected for the dark photon model. This concretely illustrates the limitations of a framework that is entirely based on the standard ionisation and crystal form factors, and points towards the need for the general response-function-based formalism we pushed forward recently [1,2]. For the models that require non-standard atomic and crystal response functions, we use the response functions of [1,2] to calculate the DM-induced electronic transition rate in atomic and crystal detectors, and to present 90% confidence level exclusion limits on the strength of the DM-electron interaction from the null results reported by XENON10, XENON1T, EDELWEISS and SENSEI.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Magnuson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure and chemical bonding of nanocrystalline-TiC/amorphous-C nanocomposites
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review B Condensed Matter. - 0163-1829 .- 1095-3795. ; 80:235108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of nanocrystalline (nc-) TiC/amorphous C nanocomposites has been investigated bysoft x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. The measured spectra at the Ti 2p and C 1s thresholds of thenanocomposites are compared to those of Ti metal and amorphous C. The corresponding intensities of theelectronic states for the valence and conduction bands in the nanocomposites are shown to strongly depend onthe TiC carbide grain size. An increased charge transfer between the Ti 3d-eg states and the C 2p states hasbeen identified as the grain size decreases, causing an increased ionicity of the TiC nanocrystallites. It issuggested that the charge transfer occurs at the interface between the nanocrystalline-TiC and the amorphous-Cmatrix and represents an interface bonding which may be essential for the understanding of the properties ofnc-TiC/amorphous C and similar nanocomposites.
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| 22. |
- Ahrentorp, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitive magnetic biodetection using magnetic multi-core nanoparticles and RCA coils
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-8853 .- 1873-4766. ; 427, s. 14-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use functionalized iron oxide magnetic multi-core particles of 100 nm in size (hydrodynamic particle diameter) and AC susceptometry (ACS) methods to measure the binding reactions between the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and bio-analyte products produced from DNA segments using the rolling circle amplification (RCA) method. We use sensitive induction detection techniques in order to measure the ACS response. The DNA is amplified via RCA to generate RCA coils with a specific size that is dependent on the amplification time. After about 75 min of amplification we obtain an average RCA coil diameter of about 1 mu m. We determine a theoretical limit of detection (LOD) in the range of 11 attomole (corresponding to an analyte concentration of 55 fM for a sample volume of 200 mu L) from the ACS dynamic response after the MNPs have bound to the RCA coils and the measured ACS readout noise. We also discuss further possible improvements of the LOD.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955
(författare)
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Ordinary differential equation system for population of individuals and the corresponding probabilistic model
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mathl. Computer Modelling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-7177.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The key model for particle populations in statistical mechanics is the Bogolyubov–Born– Green–Kirkwood–Yvon (BBGKY) equation chain. It is derived mainly from the Hamilton ordinary differential equation (ODE) system for the vectors of the particle states in the particle position-momentum phase space. Many problems beyond physics or chemistry, for instance, in the living-matter sciences (biology, medicine, ecology, and scoiology) make it necessary to extend the notion of a particle to an individual, or active particle. This challenge is met by the generalized kinetic theory. It implements the extension by extending the phase space from the space of the position-momentum vectors to more rich spaces formed by the state vectors with the entries which need not be limited to the entries of the position and momentum: they include other scalar variables (e.g., those associated with modelling homeorhesis or other features inherent to the individuals). One can assume that the dynamics of the state vector in the extended space, i.e. the states of the individuals (rather than common particles) is also described by an ODE system. The latter, however, need not be the Hamilton one. The question is how one can derive the analogue of the BBGKY paradigm for the new settings. The present work proposes an answer to this question. It applies a very limited number of carefully selected tools of probability theory and common statistical mechanics. It in particular uses the well-known feature that the maximum number of the individuals which can mutually interact simultaneously is bounded by a fixed value of a few units. The present approach results in the finite system of equations for the reduced many-individual distribution functions thereby eliminating the so-called closure problem inevitable in the BBGKY theory. The thermodynamic-limit assumption is not needed either. The system includes consistently derived terms of all of the basic types known in kinetic theory, in particular, both the “mean-field” and scattering-integral terms, and admits the kinetic equation of the form allowing a direct chemical-reaction reading. The present approach can deal with Hamilton’s equation systems which are nonmonogenic and not treated in statistical mechanics. The proposed modelling suggests the basis of the generalized kinetic theory and may serve as the stochastic mechanics of population of individuals.
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| 25. |
- Castelain, Mickaël, et al.
(författare)
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Fast uncoiling kinetics of F1C pili expressed by uropathogenic Escherichia coli are revealed on a single pilus level using force-measuring optical tweezers
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Biophysics Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0175-7571 .- 1432-1017. ; 40:3, s. 305-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) expressvarious kinds of organelles, so-called pili or fimbriae, thatmediate adhesion to host tissue in the urinary tract throughspecific receptor-adhesin interactions. The biomechanicalproperties of these pili have been considered important forthe ability of bacteria to withstand shear forces from rinsingurine flows. Force-measuring optical tweezers have beenused to characterize individual organelles of F1C typeexpressed by UPEC bacteria with respect to such properties.Qualitatively, the force-versus-elongation response wasfound to be similar to that of other types of helix-like piliexpressed by UPEC, i.e., type 1, P, and S, with force-inducedelongation in three regions, one of which represents theimportant uncoiling mechanism of the helix-like quaternarystructure. Quantitatively, the steady-state uncoiling forcewas assessed as 26.4 ±1.4 pN, which is similar to those ofother pili (which range from 21 pN for SI to 30 pN for type 1).The corner velocity for dynamic response (1,400 nm/s) wasfound to be larger than those of the other pili (400–700 nm/sfor S and P pili, and 6 nm/s for type 1). The kinetics werefound to be faster, with a thermal opening rate of 17 Hz, afew times higher than S and P pili, and three orders ofmagnitude higher than type 1. These data suggest that F1Cpili are, like P and S pili, evolutionarily selected to primarilywithstand the conditions expressed in the upper urinary tract.
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