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1.	Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al. (författare) A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing 2022 Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
2.	Bremer, Anders, 1957- (författare) En andra chans 2012 Ingår i: Forskning för hälsa. - : Hjärt-Lungfonden. - 1653-9753. ; :3, s. 18-19 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Överlevare av plötsligt hjärtstopp utanförsjukhus är en unik och växande patientgrupp.Men hur blir livet efteråt?Frågeställningen finns med i denforskning Anders Bremer bedriver och som tidigarei år utmynnade i en avhandling. I syfte att beskrivasamtliga inblandades erfarenheter vid plötsligthjärtstopp intervjuade han överlevare, närståendeoch ambulanspersonal, som inte sällan ställs införetiska frågeställningar vid hjärtstopp.
3.	Chirambo, Griphin Baxter, et al. (författare) How smartphones could help improve child health in Malawi 2020 Ingår i: The Conversation. - 2201-5639. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
4.	Axelsson, Christer, et al. (författare) Nationella regler krävs för ambulanssjukvård 2011 Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2011-11-15 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract I Sverige är det upp till varje landsting att bestämma hur snabbt en ambulans ska vara på plats. I stället borde det finnas nationella riktlinjer kring hur tillgängligheten ska se ut, skriver flera ambulanssjuksköterskor.
5.	Josefsson, Karin, et al. (författare) Motivation till motion och fysisk aktivitet 2010 Ingår i: Hälsa och Livsstil : forskning och praktiska tillämpningar. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144058405 ; , s. 207-225 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
6.	Global hälsa : en praktisk guide 2023. - 2 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Introduktion: Behovet av ett globalt perspektiv på hälsa.Det har gått fem år sedan Global Hälsa – En praktisk guide släpptes. Sedan dess har världen förändrats. Covid-19-pandemin har i grunden påverkat förutsättningarna för den global hälsan och visar på hur svårt det är att isolera sig från globala hälsohot. Hälsokonsekvenserna av klimatförändringarna, liksom hälso- och sjukvårdens klimatpåverkan har tydliggjorts. Fler väpnade konflikter, inklusive kriget i Ukraina, riskerar många år av folkhälsoarbete. I kriser drabbas de fattigaste hårdast. Detta gäller globalt såväl som i Sverige.I årets halvtidsgenomgång av världens utvecklingsagenda, Agenda 2030 och de globala målen, konstateras att många viktiga framsteg har gjorts, men att dessa hotas av det förändrade världsläget. Ett förnyat fokus på globala hälsofrågor krävs och här är svensk kunskap viktig. Många av de utmaningar som Sverige står inför delar vi dessutom med andra länder, såsom till exempel personalbrist, som leder till stängda vårdplatser och för låg täckning i primärvården. Här kan vi lära av varandra.Svenska Läkaresällskapet har sedan 2013 aktivt arbetat med globala hälsofrågor, med övertygelsen om att större medvetenhet om global hälsa kan minska konsekvenserna från världens gemensamma utmaningar. Sedan den förra guiden kom ut har läkaresällskapet bidragit till mobilisering och kunskapsspridning om Covid-19 under pandemin, en hybridkonferens om planetär hälsa har hållits med världsledande forskare, och svensk hälso- och sjukvårds möjligheter att stötta den ukrainska befolkningen under pågående krig har lyfts i en webinarie-serie.Liksom förra gången är guiden framtagen av läkarstudenter och läkare tidigt i karriären under handledning av kommittén för global hälsa. Den är tänkt som ett handfast stöd för de som vill engagera sig för global hälsa – genom klinik, forskning eller folkhälsoarbete och berör bland annat hälso- och sjukvårdens utmaningar i omställningen till ett klimatneutralt samhälle.Fältets ambition om att skapa alltmer jämlika samarbeten, genom att ifrågasätta äldre beslutsstrukturer, berörs också som en röd tråd genom guiden.Därför vill vi rikta ett stort tack till de studenter och yngre läkare som med vägledning av projektledarna har möjliggjort denna nya och förbättrade upplaga av guiden!Tillsammans kan vi verka för förbättrad hälsa, här hemma och utomlands!
7.	Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al. (författare) Introduction 2022 Ingår i: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030780654 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract In 2020, for the first time in history, there were more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there were children below the age of 5 years. The population aged over 65 years is projected to increase from one billion in 2019 to more than two billion in 2050, and those aged over 80 years are projected to increase from 143 to 426 million, with the largest increase occurring in the developing world (UN World Population Prospects, 2019). This demographic trend constitutes the largest global health challenge, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The European Union has set it as one of the major challenges in Horizon 2020 and it has important societal implications (European Commission, 2020). The proportion of retired individuals will increase, leading to an increased ratio between those who have exited the workforce and those still active in the labour market. Thus, ageing represents a global societal and scientific challenge requiring integrated efforts, multidisciplinary translational research approaches and social innovations that build on ideas of potentials and capabilities, emphasising the value of old age.
8.	Mackay, Heather, 1976- (författare) A feminist geographic analysis of perceptions of food and health in Ugandan cities 2019 Ingår i: Gender, Place and Culture. - : Routledge. - 0966-369X .- 1360-0524. ; 26:11, s. 1519-1543 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article contributes to a feminist geographic analysis of how urban food and health environments and non-communicable disease experience may be being constructed, and contested, by healthcare professionals (local elites) in two secondary Ugandan cities (Mbale and Mbarara). I use thematic and group interaction analysis of focus group data to explore material and discursive representations. Findings make explicit how healthcare professionals had a tendency to prescribe highly classed and gendered assumptions of bodies and behaviours in places and in daily practices. The work supports the discomfort some have felt concerning claims of an African nutrition transition, and is relevant to debates regarding double burden malnutrition. I argue that a feministic analysis, and an intersectional appreciation of people in places, is advantageous to food and health-related research and policy-making. Results uncover and deconstruct a dominant patriarchal tendency towards blaming women for obesity. Yet findings also exemplify the co-constructed and malleable nature of knowledge and understandings, and this offers encouragement.
9.	Mackay, Heather, 1976- (författare) Food Sources and Access Strategies in Ugandan Secondary Cities : An Intersectional Analysis 2019 Ingår i: Environment & Urbanization. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-2478 .- 1746-0301. ; 31:2, s. 375-396 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article arises from an interest in African urbanization and in the food, farming and nutritional transitions that some scholars present as integral to urban life. The paper investigates personal urban food environments, food sources and access strategies in two secondary Ugandan cities, Mbale and Mbarara, drawing on in-depth interviews and applying an intersectional lens. Food sources were similar across dimensions of difference but food access strategies varied. My findings indicate that socioeconomic circumstance (class) was the most salient influence shaping differences in daily food access strategies. Socioeconomic status, in turn, interacted with other identity aspects, an individual’s asset base and broader structural inequalities in influencing urban food environments. Rural land and rural connections, or multispatiality, were also important for food-secure urban lives. The work illuminates geometries of advantage and disadvantage within secondary cities, and highlights similarities and differences between food environments in these cities and Uganda’s capital, Kampala.
10.	Girma Kebede, Betlehem, et al. (författare) Communicative challenges among physicians, patients, and family caregivers in cancer care: An exploratory qualitative study in Ethiopia 2020 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Cancer is a growing concern in Ethiopia. Though communication is essential for the treatment process, few studies have looked at communication in Ethiopian cancer care. Due to the large number of patients and scarcity of resources, it is vital to understand how to manage consultations in order to effectively help as many patients as possible in this challenging work environment. Thus, research is needed to analyze and understand the communicative challenges experienced by physicians, patients, and family caregivers, in order to successfully handle patient care in practice. Objective We explore communication in Ethiopian cancer care and present the main challenges faced by physicians, patients, and family caregivers. Methods This explorative qualitative study was conducted at the Oncology Department of the Tikur Anbessa (Black Lion) Specialized Teaching Hospital (TASH) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A triangulation of data collection methods was used: 91 audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews and 21 video-recordings of authentic interactions during hospital rounds. The aim was to obtain as complete a picture as possible of communication from the perspectives of physicians, patients, and family caregivers. The interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis and the identified themes were supported by excerpts from the transcribed recordings. Results Eight themes emerged from the data. Workload and time pressure, in combination with restricted space for privacy, limited the possibilities for physicians to deliver detailed information and provide emotional support. Furthermore, patient literacy levels, in combination with no or little cancer awareness, financial problems, reliance on traditional and religious treatments, the stigma of cancer, and a fatalistic attitude, resulted in delays in patients seeking care and participating in positive health behaviors, and, subsequently, often resulted in an unwillingness to openly discuss problems with physicians and adhere to treatment. The study also illustrates the paramount role of family in physician-patient communication in Ethiopia. Though family caregivers provide a valuable interpreting support when patients have limited language skills, they can also prevent patients from sharing information with physicians. Another important finding is that family caregivers were often responsible for making decisions about treatment and avoided telling patients about a poor prognosis, believing that conveying bad news may upset them. All of these themes have important implications for the role of ethically acceptable communication in patient-centered care. Conclusions This study has identified a number of serious challenges for successful and ethically acceptable health communication in Ethiopian cancer care. The study contributes to our understanding of the complexity around the role of family, combined with patients’ dependency on family members for communication, support, and access to care, which creates particular ethical dilemmas for the medical staff. The questions raised by this study concern how to organize consultations to achieve patient-centered health communication, while maintaining a constructive alliance with the family and not jeopardizing the patient’s continued access to care. The integration of communication training for medical students in Ethiopia, with a focus on ethical guidelines for family-centered patient consultation suitable for these circumstances, would be an essential step.
11.	Karltun, Linley Chiwona, et al. (författare) Migration and the Food Environment 2017 Ingår i: Ending Childhood Obesity. - Uppsala, Sweden. ; , s. 20-25 Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
12.	Svedbo Engström, Maria, 1980, et al. (författare) A disease-specific questionnaire for measuring patient-reported outcomes and experiences in the Swedish National Diabetes Register: Development and evaluation of content validity, face validity, and test-retest reliability 2018 Ingår i: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 101:1, s. 139-146 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To describe the development and evaluation of the content and face validity and test-retest reliability of a disease-specific questionnaire that measures patient-reported outcomes and experiences for the Swedish National Diabetes Register for adult patients who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this methodological study, a questionnaire was developed over four phases using an iterative process. Expert reviews and cognitive interviews were conducted to evaluate content and face validity, and a postal survey was administered to evaluate test-retest reliability. Results: The expert reviews and cognitive interviews found the disease-specific questionnaire to be understandable, with relevant content and value for diabetes care. An item-level content validity index ranged from 0.6-1.0 and a scale content validity/average ranged from 0.7-1.0. The fourth version, with 33 items, two main parts and seven dimensions, was answered by 972 adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (response rate 61%). Weighted Kappa values ranged from 0.31-0.78 for type 1 diabetes and 0.27-0.74 for type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: This study describes the initial development of a disease-specific questionnaire in conjunction with the NDR. Content and face validity were confirmed and test-retest reliability was satisfactory. Practice implications: With the development of this questionnaire, the NDR becomes a clinical tool that contributes to further understanding the perspectives of adult individuals with diabetes. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
13.	Jemberie, Wossenseged Birhane, 1985-, et al. (författare) Substance Use Disorders and COVID-19 : Multi-Faceted Problems Which Require Multi-Pronged Solutions 2020 Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychiatry. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-0640. ; 11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract COVID-19 shocked health and economic systems leaving millions of people without employment and safety nets. The pandemic disproportionately affects people with substance use disorders (SUDs) due to the collision between SUDs and COVID-19. Comorbidities and risk environments for SUDs are likely risk factors for COVID-19. The pandemic, in turn, diminishes resources that people with SUD need for their recovery and well-being. This article presents an interdisciplinary and international perspective on how COVID-19 and the related systemic shock impact on individuals with SUDs directly and indirectly. We highlight a need to understand SUDs as biopsychosocial disorders and use evidence-based policies to destigmatize SUDs. We recommend a suite of multi-sectorial actions and strategies to strengthen, modernize and complement addiction care systems which will become resilient and responsive to future systemic shocks similar to the COVID-19 pandemic.
14.	Bremer, Anders, 1957- (författare) Caring for families at sudden cardiac death : A balance between closeness and distance 2012 Ingår i: The 26th Conference of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a lethal health problem that affects more than half a million people in the United States and Europe each year. As resuscitation attempts are unsuccessful in most of the cases, ambulance professionals often face the needs of bereaved family members. Decisions to continue or terminate resuscitation attempts at OHCA are influenced by factors other than patient clinical characteristics, such as the personnel’s knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding family emotional preparedness. Research exploring how ambulance personnel are affected by family dynamics and the emotional context, and how they are able to provide care for bereaved family members is sparse. It is also a lack of research into why ambulance professionals sometimes administer physiologically futile cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to patients with cardiac arrest to benefit family members. This way of meeting families’ grief reactions implies ethical problems. Based on an empirical study of ambulance professional’s experiences of caring for families when patients suffer cardiac arrest and sudden death, and an ethical analysis exploring arguments for providing physiologically futile CPR, the issue of caring for bereaved family members in ethical good and bad ways is explored. The empirical study results show that ambulance personnel experience a concomitant responsibility, sometimes failing to prioritize between responsibilities as a result of their own perceptions, feelings and reactions. Moving from patient care to family care imply a movement from well-structured guidance to a situational response where the personnel are forced to balance between interpretive reasoning and a more direct emotional response at their own discretion. With such affective response in decision-making, the personnel risk erroneous conclusions and care relationships with elements of dishonesty, misguided benevolence and false hopes. The ability to recognize and respond to people’s existential questions and needs is essential, and dependent on the ambulance personnel’s balance between closeness and distance, and on their courage to meet emotional expressions of the families, as well as the personnel’s own vulnerability. A need for ethical competence is invoked by the presence of family members, placing great demands on mobility in the decision-making process, between medical care of the patient and caring for family members. The conclusion is that the strategy of ambulance professionals in the care of bereaved family members should be to avoid additional suffering by focusing on the relevant care needs of the family members and provide support, arrange for a peaceful environment and administer acute grief counseling at the scene, which might call for a developed ethical caring competence. Opportunities to reflect on these situations within a framework of care ethics, continuous moral education, and clinical ethics training are needed. Ambulance personnel also need training in awareness of the needs of families suffering sudden bereavement, as well as support and help to deal with personal discomfort.
15.	Herlitz, Johan, et al. (författare) Så skapas världens bästa ambulanssjukvård 2011 Ingår i: Göteborgsposten. - 1103-9345. ; :2011-05-14 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Tiden från larm till dess att ambulans kommer har ökat dramatiskt de senaste tio åren i Västra Götaland. Samtidigt bedöms allt fler i behov av snabb utryckning. Kompetens finns att råda bot på detta – om den tillåts styra utvecklingen, skriver bland andra professor Johan Herlitz.
16.	Mackay, Heather (författare) Food, farming and health in Ugandan secondary cities 2019 Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This research contributes to countering a large city research bias by focusing on the food, farming and health experiences of two secondary cities of Uganda: Mbale and Mbarara. It is not an apocalyptic story. Like anywhere in the world, for some residents things were going well; for others, less well. My research explores the varied geometries of advantage and disadvantage in diets, food security, and livelihood circumstances to shed light on why things were more secure for some than for others. I used multiple methods including a household survey, focus groups with local healthcare professionals, and in-depth interviews with varied city residents. A geographic perspective explored intersections of food, farming and health with aspects of identity (such as gender, class, tribe), and with place (the city itself, but also with rural areas, or other urban areas). The starting point was the theorised food system, nutritional and epidemiologic transitions predicted to occur with urban development, often called nutrition transition theory. My research suggests caution with dominant models of how urban life shifts food and farming systems towards a food system and diet pattern focused around large retailer supermarkets, processed foods, fast foods, more meat, less agriculture, less movement. Nutrition transition theory postulates these changes causing a shift in epidemiology from infectious to non-infectious diseases in urban areas. Instead of the suggestion from nutrition transition theory, my work presents evidence of non-communicable disease (obesity, diabetes, hypertension) experience in Mbale and Mbarara’s residents, but without evidence of advanced change in food and farming systems. Findings revealed relatively low dietary diversities and common food insecurity. Diets remained predominantly traditional, as did the main food sources (traditional markets and neighbourhood shops), across diverse residents. The more food secure had regular salaried employment and strong relational links with rural farms and family, supporting work on multi-spatial livelihoods. This contrasts with earlier ideas of who farms the African city, or retains farming livelihoods. Most vulnerable to food insecurity and low diet diversity were those who were most dependent on purchasing all their food. In conclusion, this research suggests that food system, nutritional and epidemiologic transitions in Mbale and Mbarara may be less linked than previously thought, or linked in more complex ways. Other drivers of epidemiologic change are likely. Findings highlight the importance of local data and specific city investigations.
17.	Eriksson, Charli, et al. (författare) Med kraft och vilja 2010 : alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete inom Socialstyrelsens stöd till frivilligorganisationer 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Rapporten syftar till att ge en bild av den forsknings- och utvecklingsverksamhet som genomförts av forskarteamet vid Örebro universitet som knutits till Socialstyrelsens projektportfölj. Fokus ligger på 2010 års utlysning.Satsningen började 2002 genom att Socialstyrelsen fick medel från Socialdepartementet att fördela till frivilligorganisationers alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Trettiotvå organisationer med totalt 39 projekt delade på 25 miljoner. Sedan dess har årligen nya medel utlysts. År 2010 var den totala summan som Socialstyrelsen hade att fördela 15 miljoner. Det var 38 organisationer som fick medel att bedriva 54 olika projekt, varav 21 var nya projekt. Dessutom har ett projekt disponerat anslag från tidigare år eftersom det blivit fördröjt. Av dessa tillhör 14 organisationer kategorin alkohol- och drogorganisationer medan betydligt fler, 24 organisationer, beviljats medel trots att de inte har alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete som sin primära huvudinriktning. Detta ligger helt i linje med den nationella handlingsplanen som önskar ett brett engagemang i det förebyggande arbetet. Majoriteten av projekten riktar sig till målgruppen barn och ungdom. I projektportföljen ingår även projekt riktade till invandrare, barn i riskzon, unga tjejer och föräldrar.Under året som gått har ett fungerande, värdefullt och givande samarbete fortsatt mellan forskarteamet vid Örebro universitet och de olika organisationerna inom satsningen. Ett samarbete byggt på såväl gemensamma projektledarträffar, olika former av projektmöten samt diskussioner kring utvärdering med enskilda organisationer. Projekten har halvårsvis redovisat sin verksamhet till forskarteamet. En sammanställning är gjord i rapporten Verksamhetsrapport 2010 - Med kraft och vilja. Under åren har ett antal olika fördjupningsstudier planerats och genomförts inom ramen för Socialstyrelsens projektportfölj. Beredningsgruppen har prioriterat angelägna projekt för detta och forskarteamet har sökt utforma dessa inom ramen för de tillgängliga medel som avsatts. I detta har planeringen varit långsiktig trots att budget endast kunna avsättas för ett år i taget.Det övergripande syftet med fördjupningsstudierna är att med de tillgängliga resurserna som utgångspunkt ge en fördjupad kunskap kring ett mindre antal projekt som genomförs av frivilligorganisationer. Avsikten är att genomföra vissa forskningsinsatser kring dessa projekts planering, genomförande och effekter på kort och lång sikt.Fyra fördjupningsstudier som forskarteamet arbetat med under flera år presenteras under del 2 i rapporten. Två av dessa är utvärderingar av föräldrastödsprogram som båda genomförts av IOGT-NTO, Stark och klar och Föräldrar Tillsammans. Den tredje studien är utvärderingen av projektet Mål utan alkohol som genomförts i samarbete med SvFF, IOGT-NTO och före detta Alkoholkommittén. Maia-projektet, som bedrevs av länsstyrelsen i Örebro med stöd från Statens folkhälsoinstitut, avslutades år 2010 och presenteras som den fjärde fördjupningsstudien.Det pågår en planering av nya fördjupningsstudier. Huvudfokus är på insatser riktade direkt till barn och ungdomar. Det finns mycket som visar på behovet av kunskapsutveckling (se t.ex. Babor et al., 2010). Barn och ungdomar behöver få kunskap om alkohol och droger för att utveckla positiva kunskaper, attityder och beteende som minskar skadorna av alkohol och droger för individ och samhälle. Inom den pågående satsningen finns en rad projekt som har möjlighet att ge kunskap om olika metoder för detta arbete.De satsningar som finns idag inom projektportföljen ger förutsättningar för att utveckla effektstudier med skolan som arena och med fritiden som arena, studier av program med genusperspektiv och studier av förebyggande insatser för utvalda grupper.De fördjupningsstudier som nu planeras innehåller bland annat effektstudier av kontraktsmetoden Smart och skolprogrammet Triaden. Undersökningar ska också genomföras av vilka som deltar och med vilken effekt. Detta kommer också genomföras inom en rad genusinriktade insatser och verksamheter till särskilt utvalda grupper. I det följande redovisas läget i mitten av april 2011.Inom ramen för forskarteamets verksamhet har en nationell konferens arrangerats vartannat år vid Örebro universitet. Dessa har benämnts Reflektion kring prevention och konferenser har genomförts 2006, 2008 och 2010. Konferensen som arrangerades 18-19 maj 2010 hade fokus på evidens och samverkan för ett bättre alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Alla pratar om evidens men vad innebär det egentligen? Hur kan vi vidareutveckla vårt arbete så att det blir målinriktat och effektivt? Idag är många engagerade i det förebyggande arbetet. Hur kan vi vidareutveckla samverkan mellan aktörer som idéburna organisationer, kommuner, landsting, stat och näringsliv?Medverkande var forskare, politiskt ansvariga och sakkunniga inom såväl ideell som offentlig sektor som gav sin syn på preventionsarbete och samverkan. Fokus var ett reflekterande möte och den utvecklande dialogen deltagarna emellan. Totalt deltog 111 personer på konferensen. Av dessa var tretton externa föreläsare och 21 personer var projektledare inom Socialstyrelsens satsning som medverkade för att presentera sina projekt och dess erfarenheter på enskilda seminarier.I forskningsprogrammet ingår fem frågor: att vara projektledare, vikten av kompetensstöd, verksamhetsdokumentation som metod, mervärdet av att vara ideell organisation och den praktiknära forskningen om förebyggande metoder. I denna rapport berörs de tre sistnämnda frågorna.För att ytterligare utveckla verksamhetsdokumentationen som metod gjordes bland annat en bedömning av olika delar av rapporteringen. Totalt har 55 bidragsbeslut tagits när det gäller 2010 års anslag. Av dessa var några av sådan karaktär att de inte ingår i denna projektredovisning. Därför kommer verksamhetsredovisningen att granskas för 50 projekt. Det är dock tre projekt som inte gjort den efterfrågade redovisningen.Det finns många mervärden med att frivilligorganisationer bedriver alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Ett mervärde som studerats särskilt under de senaste årens satsning är omfattningen av de personella resurserna och den påtagliga kraft och vilja som finns att engagera sig ideellt i olika projekt. Detta har varit möjligt genom att projekten i sina rapporteringar fått redovisa hur de personella resurserna inom projektet sett ut. Störst antal personer arbetar utan ersättning inom projekt såväl år 2008 som år 2010, det vill säga som ideell medverkar (406 av 771 personer år 2008 och 451 av 940 år 2010). Därefter kommer den grupp som deltar i projektets arbete i egenskap av sin ordinarie tjänst (201 och 247 respektive år). För att undersöka forskningsstrategin genomfördes en fallstudie över den valda ansatsen (Eriksson et al., 2011). Målsättningen med studien var att beskriva och analysera den Socialstyrelsefinansierade satsningen under åren 2003-2009 med speciell betoning på forskning och utveckling för en evidensbaserad praktik. Studien A Research Strategy Case Study of Alcohol and Drug Prevention by Non-Governmental Organizations in Sweden 2003-2009 går i sin helhet att läsa på nätet i open-access tidskriften Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2011, 6:8 (www.substanceabusepolicy.com).FoU-programmet har genom den goda samverkan med olika parter lyckats utveckla, genomföra och rapportera en lång rad fördjupningsstudier, vilka skapat unika möjligheter att belysa förebyggande arbete om barn, ungdomar och föräldrars situation.Ett stort tack till alla inom de frivilligorganisationerna som på olika sätt medverkat till att denna satsning på alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete och forskning har kunnat genomföras. Utan den insatsen hade vårt arbete varit helt omöjligt.
18.	Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al. (författare) Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design 2009 Ingår i: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23- Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
19.	Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al. (författare) Concluding Remarks 2022 Ingår i: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing. - Chem : Springer. - 9783030780654 ; 18:2, s. 143-144 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
20.	Israelsson, Johan, et al. (författare) Health status and psychological distress among in-hospital cardiac arrest survivors in relation to gender 2017 Ingår i: Resuscitation. - : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 114, s. 27-33 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIM: To describe health status and psychological distress among in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) survivors in relation to gender.METHODS: This national register study consists of data from follow-up registration of IHCA survivors 3-6 months post cardiac arrest (CA) in Sweden. A questionnaire was sent to the survivors, including measurements of health status (EQ-5D-5L) and psychological distress (HADS).RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2015, 594 IHCA survivors were included in the study. The median values for EQ-5D-5L index and EQ VAS among survivors were 0.78 (q1-q3=0.67-0.86) and 70 (q1-q3=50-80) respectively. The values were significantly lower (p<0.001) in women compared to men. In addition, women reported more problems than men in all dimensions of EQ-5D-5L, except self-care. A majority of the respondents reported no problems with anxiety (85.4%) and/or symptoms of depression (87.0%). Women reported significantly more problems with anxiety (p<0.001) and symptoms of depression (p<0.001) compared to men. Gender was significantly associated with poorer health status and more psychological distress. No interaction effects for gender and age were found.CONCLUSIONS: Although the majority of survivors reported acceptable health status and no psychological distress, a substantial proportion reported severe problems. Women reported worse health status and more psychological distress compared to men. Therefore, a higher proportion of women may be in need of support. Health care professionals should make efforts to identify health problems among survivors and offer individualised support when needed.
21.	Kultur och hälsa i praktiken 2016 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Intresset för området kultur och hälsa är stort. Åtskilliga verksamheter i kommuner och landsting arbetar aktivt med kultur och hälsa. Därför blir det allt viktigare att ta tillvara på den kunskap som skapas inom dessa verksamheter och att möjliggöra ett utbyte av erfarenheter. "Kultur och hälsa i prakten" presenterar i fjorton kapitel hur man kan arbeta med kultur och hälsa inom olika verksamheter som exempel på gränsöverskridande samarbeten mellan praktik och forskning. Kapitalförfattarna är både förankrade i ett konkret verksamhetsområde och i akademisk forskning. "Kultur och hälsa i praktiken" ger en beskrivning av praktiska verksamheter utifrån aktuell forskning. Den syftar till inspiration såväl som fördjupad kunskap för praktiker, forskare, beslutsfattare, kulturutövare, journalister och hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal.
22.	Petersson, Jesper, 1974 (författare) From Medicine by Wire to Governing Wireless: Changing Geographies of Healthcare 2012 Ingår i: Transformations of the Swedish Welfare State. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230293410 ; , s. 153-167 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
23.	Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al. (författare) The Return of Lombroso? Ethical Aspects of (Visions of) Preventive Forensic Screening 2015 Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 8:3, s. 270-283 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The vision of legendary criminologist Cesare Lombroso to use scientific theories of individual causes of crime as a basis for screening and prevention programmes targeting individuals at risk for future criminal behaviour has resurfaced, following advances in genetics, neuroscience and psychiatric epidemiology. This article analyses this idea and maps its ethical implications from a public health ethical standpoint. Twenty-seven variants of the new Lombrosian vision of forensic screening and prevention are distinguished, and some scientific and technical limitations are noted. Some lures, biases and structural factors, making the application of the Lombrosian idea likely in spite of weak evidence are pointed out and noted as a specific type of ethical aspect. Many classic and complex ethical challenges for health screening programmes are shown to apply to the identified variants and the choice between them, albeit with peculiar and often provoking variations. These variations are shown to actualize an underlying theoretical conundrum in need of further study, pertaining to the relationship between public health ethics and the ethics and values of criminal law policy.
24.	Novak, Masuma, 1969- (författare) Social inequity in health : Explanation from a life course and gender perspective 2010 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Background: A boy child born in a Gothenburg suburb has a life expectancy that is nine years shorter than that of another child just 23 km away, and among girls the difference is five years. There is no necessary biological reason to this observed difference. In fact, like life length, most diseases follow a social gradient, even in a country like Sweden where many believe there is no class inequity. This social inequity in health tells us that some of us are not achieving our potential in health or in life length compared to our more fortunate fellow citizens. Aim: This thesis attempts to explore the patterns of health inequities and the pathways by which health inequities develop from a life course and gender perspective. In particular focuses on the importance of material, behavioural, health related and psychosocial circumstances from adolescence to adulthood in explaining social inequity in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), obesity, smoking, and social mobility. Method: All four papers of this thesis were based on quantitative analyses of data from a 14-year follow-up study. The baseline survey was conducted in 1981 in Luleå, Sweden. The survey included all 16-year-old pupils born in 1965. A total of 1081 pupils (575 boys and 506 girls) were surveyed. They were followed up at ages 18, 21 and 30 years with comprehensive self-administered questionnaires. The response rate was 96.5% throughout the 14-year follow-up. In addition to the questionnaires data, school records, and interviews with nurse and teachers’ were used. Results: There were no class or gender differences in MSDs and in obesity during adolescence, but significantly more girls than boys were smokers. Class and gender differences had emerged when they reached adulthood with more women reporting to have MSDs but more men being overweight and obese. Women continued to be smokers at a higher rate than men through to adulthood. When an intersection between class and gender was considered, a more complex picture emerged. For example, not all women had higher prevalence of MSDs or smoked more than men, rather men with high socioeconomic position (SEP) had lower prevalences of MSDs and smoking than women with high SEP; and these high SEP women had lower prevalences than men with low SEP. The worst-off group was women with low SEP. The obesity pattern was quite the contrary, where women with high SEP had a lower prevalence of obesity than women with low SEP; and these low SEP women had a lower prevalence than men with high SEP. The worst-off group was men with low SEP. Regarding social mobility, health status (other than height in women) and ethnic background were not associated with mobility either for men or women. The results indicated that unequal distribution of material, psychosocial, health and health related behavioural factors during adolescence, young adulthood and adulthood accounted for the observed social gradients and social mobility. However, several factors from adolescence appeared to be more important for women while recent factors were more important for men. Important adolescent factors for social inequity and downward mobility were: unfavourable material circumstances defined as low SEP of parent, unemployed family member, and had no own room during upbringing; unfavourable psychosocial circumstances defined as parental divorce, poor contact with parents, being less liked in school, and low school control; and poor health related behaviour defined as smoking and physical inactivity. Among these factors, being less liked in school showed consistent association with all outcome measures of this thesis. Being less liked by the teachers and students was found to be more common among adolescents whose parents had low SEP. Men and women who were less liked in school during their adolescence were more likely as adults to be smokers, obese (only women), and downwardly mobile. The dominant adult life factor that contributed to class inequity in MSDs for men and women was physical heavy working conditions, which attributed to an estimated 46.9% (women) and 49.5% (men) of the increased risk in MSDs of the lower SEP group. High alcohol consumption among men with low SEP was an additional factor that contributed to class inequities in health and social mobility. Conclusion: Social patterning of health in this cohort was gendered and age specific depending on the outcome measures. Unfavourable school environment in early years had long lasting negative influence on later health, health behavior and SEP. The thesis supports the notion of accumulation of risk that social inequities in health occurs due to accumulation of multiple adverse circumstances among the lower SEP group throughout their life course. Schools should be used as a setting for interventions aimed at reducing socioeconomic inequities in health. The detailed policy implications for reduction of social inequities in health among men and women are discussed.
25.	Munthe, Christian, 1962 (författare) David B. Resnik. Environmental Health Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. xii + pp. 305. ISBN: 9781107617896 2013 Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9981 .- 1754-9973. Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Forsander, Gun, 1951, et al. (författare) Organizing Person Centered Care in Pediatric Diabetes: Communication, Decision Making, Ethics and Health 2011 Ingår i: ISPAD 2011: Possibilities for Prevention of Diabetes and Its Complications, Miami, FL., Oct. 19-22.. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
27.	Mackay, Heather, 1976- (författare) Of fatness, fitness and finesse : Experiences and interpretations of non-communicable diseases in urban Uganda 2022 Ingår i: Cities & Health. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2374-8834 .- 2374-8842. ; 6:1, s. 192-207 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper explores the experiences and interpretations of non-communicable diseases in two secondary Ugandan cities: Mbale and Mbarara. Drawing inspiration from the concepts of social determinants of health, and geographic scholarship on embedded gendered and classed power dynamics, I employ a qualitative exploration and thick description to analyse data from twenty-two in-depth biographic interviews. Interviewees were from a range of circumstances, including, as AbdouMaliq Simone described, ‘the missing people’. Findings detail aspects of life with diabetes, obesity or hypertension in these cities, noting some views of wider social determinants, and some possible barriers to effective non-communicable disease management. Analysis of interpretations around gendered difference in obesity, in particular, revealed provocative conceptualisations of gendered livelihood strategies interwoven with body size beliefs, and the realities of oft-times insecure daily urban lives. The paper makes apparent the value of incorporating qualitative study, together with quantitative assessments, to investigate the experiences and interpretations of non-communicable disease in a specific context. In addition, the work provides insight into barriers to healthy urban living in the current socio-economic context of Ugandan, and potentially other sub-Saharan African, cities.
28.	Talantsev, Anton, et al. (författare) Evaluation of pharmaceutical intervention strategies against pandemics in Sweden : a scenario-driven MCDA study 2020 Ingår i: Value in Health. - 1098-3015 .- 1524-4733. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives: To enhance preparedness for diverse pandemic situations by predicting the performance of alternative pharmaceutical intervention strategies.Methods: We gathered domain experts and ran a series of decision conferences where a scenario-based MCDA model was interactively defined and implemented. Assuming an influenza pandemic, a microsimulation model was used to estimate societal health impact, a health-economic model was used to estimate economic losses, and expert preferences were elicited to define trade-offs between multiple criteria and synthesize various estimates. Sensitivity analysis to address various forms of uncertainty, along with exploration of inter-scenario robustness of strategies, were also conducted.Results: Nine intervention strategies, including the baseline "no interventions" strategy, were evaluated and ranked under five pandemic scenarios for Sweden’s population. The strategy prioritising vaccination of children and people in medical risk groups performed most robust across the scenarios.Conclusions: Scenario-based MCDA approach relying on multiple models for consequences assessment is instrumental in defining robust intervention strategies under deep uncertainty and support decision-making at the pre-pandemic and pandemic situations.
29.	Nijsingh, Niels, 1977, et al. (författare) Managing pollution from antibiotics manufacturing: charting actors, incentives and disincentives 2019 Ingår i: Environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-069X. ; 18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Emissions of high concentrations of antibiotics from manufacturing sites select for resistant bacteria and may contribute to the emergence of new forms of resistance in pathogens. Many scientists, industry, policy makers and other stakeholders recognize such pollution as an unnecessary and unacceptable risk to global public health. An attempt to assess and reduce such discharges, however, quickly meets with complex realities that need to be understood to identify effective ways to move forward. This paper charts relevant key actor-types, their main stakes and interests, incentives that can motivate them to act to improve the situation, as well as disincentives that may undermine such motivation. Methods The actor types and their respective interests have been identified using research literature, publicly available documents, websites, and the knowledge of the authors. Results Thirty-three different actor-types were identified, representing e.g. commercial actors, public agencies, states and international institutions. These are in complex ways connected by interests that sometimes may conflict and sometimes pull in the same direction. Some actor types can act to create incentives and disincentives for others in this area. Conclusions The analysis demonstrates and clarifies the challenges in addressing industrial emissions of antibiotics, notably the complexity of the relations between different types of actors, their international dependency and the need for transparency. The analysis however also suggests possible ways of initiating incentive-chains to eventually improve the prospects of motivating industry to reduce emissions. High-resource consumer states, especially in multinational cooperation, hold a key position to initiate such chains.
30.	The Ethics of Antibiotic Resistance 2019 Ingår i: Bioethics. - 0269-9702 .- 1467-8519. ; 33:7, s. 729-850 Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
31.	Larsson, Matz, et al. (författare) Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and health effects among hospitality workers in Sweden : before and after the implementation of a smoke-free law 2008 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - Helsingfors : Institutet för arbetshygien. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 34:4, s. 267-277 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives This study attempted to identify changes in exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, as well as symptoms and attitudes among hospitality workers after the introduction of extended smoke-free workplace legislation.Methods A total of 37 volunteers working in bingo halls and casinos (gaming workers) and 54 bars and restaurant employees (other workers) in nine Swedish communities participated in the study. Altogether 71 of 91 persons (14 daily smokers and 57 nonsmokers) participated in both the preban baseline survey and the follow-up 12 months after the ban. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, smoking habits, respiratory and sensory symptoms, and attitudes towards the ban were recorded, and spirometry was carried out.Results The frequency of reported respiratory and sensory symptoms was approximately halved among the nonsmokers in both occupational groups after the introduction of the ban. Initially 87% had exposure to environmental tobacco smoke that was over the nicotine cut-off level chosen to identify possible health risk (<0.5 µg/m3), while, after the ban, it was only 22%, a relative risk of 0.25 (95% confidence interval 0.15–0.41). The risk decreased in both occupational groups, but gaming workers experienced the highest preban exposure levels. Attitudes towards the legislation were largely positive, particularly after the ban. However, there was no notable change in lung function, and there was no notable reduction in the number of cigarettes consumed by smokers.Conclusions The introduction of smoke-free legislation was associated with a substantial reduction in respiratory and sensory symptoms, as well as reduced exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at work, particularly among gaming workers.
32.	Tinghög, Petter, et al. (författare) Migration and mortality trajectories : a study of individuals born in the rural community of Överkalix, Sweden 2011 Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0277-9536 .- 1873-5347. ; 73:5, s. 744-751 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Migration may result in exposure to factors that are both beneficial and harmful for good health. How the act of migration is associated with mortality, or whether the socio-economic condition of migrants prior to migration influences their mortality trajectory, is not well understood. In the present study, a cohort of 413 randomly selected individuals born in the rural community of Överkalix, Sweden, between 1890 and 1935 were followed from birth to either death or old age. Around 50% of the study-population moved away from Överkalix at one time or another. To adjust for a potential bias resulting from self-selection among the migrants, the father’s occupational status was used together with parents’ and grandparents’ longevity. Overall, migration could not be shown to predict mortality when the backgrounds of the migrants were taken into account. Nonetheless, socio-economic background conditions appeared to moderate the association, decreasing the mortality rates for migrants with relatively good pre-migratory socio-economic conditions, while increasing it for migrants with poorer pre-migratory conditions. However, further scrutiny revealed that this effect modification mainly affected the female migrants’ mortality. In conclusion, the study suggests that there is no general association between migration and mortality, but that migrants with better socio-economic resources are more likely to improve their mortality trajectories than migrants with poorer resources. Better pre-migratory conditions hence appear to be important for avoiding health-adverse circumstances and gaining access to health beneficial living conditions when moving to foreign environments – especially for women.
33.	Wiklund, Fredrik, et al. (författare) Lifetime total physical activity and prostate cancer risk : a population-based case-control study in Sweden 2008 Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - Berlin : Springer. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 23:11, s. 739-746 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The etiologic role of physical activity in prostate cancer development is unclear. We assessed the association between lifetime total physical activity and prostate cancer risk in a Swedish population-based case–control study comprising 1,449 incident prostate cancer cases and 1,118 unaffected population controls. Information regarding physical activity was obtained via a self-administered questionnaire assessing occupational, household, and recreational activity separately at various ages throughout an individual’s lifetime. Clinical data (TNM-classification, Gleason sum and PSA) was obtained from linkage to the National Prostate Cancer Registry. Overall, we observed no association between lifetime total physical activity and prostate cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77–1.41 for ≥49.7 vs. <41.9 metabolic equivalent-hours per day). There was a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer in the most active men compared with the least active men in household (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.08–1.92) and recreational physical activity (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.16–2.10). Comparing the most active with the least active men, total physical activity was not associated with either localized disease (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.67–1.34) or advanced disease (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 0.83–1.71). These findings do not support the hypothesis that physical activity uniformly protects against prostate cancer development.
34.	Gerdle, Björn, et al. (författare) Who benefits from multimodal rehabilitation - an exploration of pain, psychological distress, and life impacts in over 35,000 chronic pain patients identified in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Pain Research. - : DOVE Medical Press Ltd.. - 1178-7090. ; 12, s. 891-908 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Chronic pain patients frequently suffer from psychological symptoms. There is no consensus concerning the prevalence of severe anxiety and depressive symptoms and the strength of the associations between pain intensity and psychological distress. Although an important aspect of the clinical picture is understanding how the pain condition impacts life, little is known about the relative importance of pain and psychological symptoms for individual's life impact. The aims of this study were to identify subgroups of pain patients; to analyze if pain, psychological distress, and life impact variables influence subgrouping; and to investigate how patients in the subgroups benefit from treatments.Methods: Background variables, pain aspects (intensity/severity and spreading), psychological distress (depressive and anxiety symptoms), and two life impact variables (pain interference and perceived life control) were obtained from the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation for chronic pain patients and analyzed mainly using advanced multivariate methods.Results: Based on >35,000 patients, 35%-40% had severe anxiety or depressive symptoms. Severe psychological distress was associated with being born outside Europe (21%-24% vs 6%-8% in the category without psychological distress) and low education level (20.7%-20.8% vs 26%-27% in the category without psychological distress). Dose relationships existed between the two psychological distress variables and pain aspects, but the explained variances were generally low. Pain intensity/severity and the two psychological distress variables were significantly associated (R2=0.40-0.48; P>0.001) with the two life impact variables (pain interference and life control). Two subgroups of patients were identified at baseline (subgroup 1: n=15,901-16,119; subgroup 2: n=20,690-20,981) and the subgroup with the worst situation regarding all variables participated less in an MMRP (51% vs 58%, P<0.001) but showed the largest improvements in outcomes.Conclusion: The results emphasize the need to assess both pain and psychological distress and not take for granted that pain involves high psychological stress in the individual case. Not all patients benefit from MMRP. A better matching between common clinical pictures and the content of MMRPs may help improve results. We only partly found support for treatment resistance in patients with psychological distress burden.
35.	Bjermo, Helena, 1981- (författare) Dietary Fatty Acids and Inflammation : Observational and Interventional Studies 2011 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Dietary fat quality influences the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A low-grade inflammation is suggested to contribute to the disease development, often accompanied by obesity. Whereas n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been considered anti-inflammatory, n-6 PUFA have been proposed to act pro-inflammatory. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) act pro-inflammatory in vitro. This thesis aimed to investigate effects of different fatty acids on low-grade inflammation in observational and interventional studies. In Paper I and II, fatty acid composition in serum cholesterol esters was used as objective marker of dietary fat quality and related to serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and other circulating inflammatory markers in two population-based cohorts, conducted in middle-aged men and elderly men and women, respectively. In Paper III and IV, the impact of diets differing in fat quality on inflammation and oxidative stress was investigated in randomised controlled studies, in subjects with metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity. In Paper I and II, a low proportion of linoleic acid (18:2 n-6) in serum was associated with higher CRP concentrations, indicating that a low intake of vegetable fats may be related to low-grade inflammation. High CRP concentrations were also associated with high proportions of palmitoleic (16:1) and oleic (18:1) acids and high stearoyl coenzymeA desaturase index, possibly reflecting altered fat metabolism and/or high SFA intake in this population. When comparing two high-fat diets rich in either saturated or monounsaturated fat, and two low-fat diets with or without long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation during 12 weeks (Paper III), no differences in inflammation or oxidative stress markers were observed. Moreover, a 10-week intervention (Paper IV) with high linoleic acid intake showed no adverse effects on inflammation or oxidative stress. Instead, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 decreased after linoleic acid intake compared with a diet high in SFA. The results in this thesis indicate that dietary n-6 PUFA found in vegetable fats is associated with lower inflammation marker levels, and to some extent reduces systemic inflammation when compared with SFA. Supplementation of n-3 PUFA did not exert any systemic anti-inflammatory effects, maybe due to a relatively low dose.
36.	Munthe, Christian, 1962 (författare) Vad är rättspsykiatri? En filosofisk betraktelse : What is forensic psychiatry? A philosophical annotation 2014 Ingår i: Ancharsäter H, Nilsson T & Radovic, S (2014). MAD, SAD or BAD? Nedslag i svensk rättspsykiatrisk forskning - en festskrift till Anders Forsmans 70-årsdag. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. - 9789163754357 ; , s. 113-118 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
37.	Backman, Helena, et al. (författare) Increased prevalence of allergic asthma from 1996 to 2006 and further to 2016 : results from three population surveys 2017 Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Allergy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0954-7894 .- 1365-2222. ; 47:11, s. 1426-1435 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BackgroundDuring the latter half of the 20th century, the prevalence of asthma and many other allergic diseases has increased. Information on asthma prevalence trends among adults after 2010, especially regarding studies separating allergic asthma from non-allergic asthma, is lacking.ObjectiveThe aim was to estimate prevalence trends of current asthma among adults, both allergic and non-allergic, from 1996 to 2016.MethodsThree cross-sectional samples from the same area of Sweden, 20-69 years, participated in surveys with the same questionnaire in 1996 (n=7104 participants, 85% response rate), 2006 (n=6165, 77%) and 2016 (n=5466, 53%), respectively. Allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (ARC) was used as a marker for allergic sensitization to define allergic asthma.ResultsThe prevalence of current asthma increased from 8.4% (95% CI: 7.8-9.0) in 1996 to 9.9% (95% CI: 9.2-10.6) in 2006 and 10.9% (95% CI: 10.1-11.7) in 2016 (P<.001). Allergic asthma increased from 5.0% (95% CI: 4.5-5.5) in 1996 to 6.0% (95% CI: 5.4-6.6) in 2006 and further to 7.3% (95% CI: 6.6-8.0) in 2016 (P<.001), while the prevalence of non-allergic asthma remained stable around 3.4%-3.8%. The increase in current asthma was most pronounced among women and among the middle-aged. Physician-diagnosed asthma, asthma medication use and ARC also increased significantly, while the prevalence of symptoms common in asthma such as wheeze and attacks of shortness of breath decreased slightly or was stable. The prevalence of current smoking decreased from 27.4% in 1996 to 12.3% in 2016.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe prevalence of allergic asthma increased from 1996 to 2006 and further to 2016, while the prevalence of non-allergic asthma remained on a stable prevalence level. The prevalence of symptoms common in asthma decreased slightly or was stable despite a substantial decrease in the prevalence of current smoking. Clinicians should be aware that the previously observed increase in prevalence of allergic asthma is still ongoing.
38.	Olsson, Ulf (författare) OM FRISKVÅRDSPEDAGOGIK I ARBETSLIVET. : EN O/RÄTTVIS BETRAKTELSE. 1993 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I fokus för detta arbete står friskvård inom arbetslivet som pedagogisk praktik med hälsoprofilsbedömning, en metod för undersökning och påverkan av människors hälsostatus och hälsovanor, som konkret exempel. En bakgrund till detta är framväxten av insatser för folkhälsa och den ökade betoning av friskvård inom arbetslivet som skett inom såväl privat som offentlig sektor. Friskvård handlar om människors levnadsvanor när det gäller kost, motion, stress, alkohol, tobak m.m.Hälsoprofilsbedömning och friskvårdspedagogik inom arbetslivet ses här ur två olika perspektiv. Ur det ena perspektivet behandlas verksamheten på dess egna villkor - som en metod att inom ramen för arbetslivet få till stånd ner hälsosamma livsstilar genom kontrakt mellan självständiga parter. Det andra perspektivet kan ses som kritiskt granskande. Här ifrågasätts premissema för hälsoprofilsbedömningen utifrån begrepp som makt och disciplinering. En inspirationskälla har därvid bland annat Michel Foucaults arbeten varit. Som empiriskt material för analysen används två avhandlingar som presenterar hälsoprofilbedömningen som metod.Ur dessa båda perspektiv erhålles två olika betraktelser om hälsoprofilsbedömning och friskvårdspedagogik inom arbetslivet - en rättvis och en orättvis. På basis av en kritisk pragmatisk ansats diskuteras möjligheten till ett samtal baserad på relationen mellan de båda betrakelserna.
39.	Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al. (författare) Cohort mortality study of Swedish pulp and paper mill workers-nonmalignant diseases 2007 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 33:6, s. 470-478 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine mortality among pulp and paper mill workers according to the main mill pulping process, department, and gender, particular reference being given to diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems.Methods The cohort of 18 163 men and 2 291 women employed between 1939 and 1999 and with >1 year of employment was followed for mortality from 1952 to 2001 (acute myocardial infarction from 1969). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by comparing the observed number of deaths with the expected number for the entire Swedish population. Exposure was assessed from personnel files in the mills. Data from an exposure measurement database are also presented.Results There were 5898 deaths in the cohort. Total mortality had an SMR of 1.02 (95% CI 0.98–1.06) for the men in the sulfate mills and an SMR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) for the men in the sulfite mills. Mortality from acute myocardial infarction was increased among the men in both the sulfate and sulfite mills [SMR 1.22 (95% CI 1.12–1.32) and SMR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21), respectively] and by department in sulfate pulping (SMR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.54), paper production (SMR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49), and maintenance (SMR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.30). Mortality from cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and nonmalignant respiratory diseases was not increased.Conclusions Death from acute myocardial infarction, but not cerebrovascular diseases, was increased in this cohort and was probably related to a combination of different occupational exposures (eg, dust, sulfur compounds, shift work, and noise).
40.	Eklund, Mona, et al. (författare) Outcomes of activity-based assessment (BIA) compared with standard assessment in occupational therapy 2008 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:4, s. 196-203 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study was aimed at investigating the outcomes of an activity-based assessment (BIA) compared with standard assessment (SA) for evaluating clients undergoing psychiatric occupational therapy. Patients admitted to a psychiatric occupational therapy unit were randomized into the BIA or the SA assessment. The outcome indicators were (a) clients' satisfaction with the occupational therapy during the assessment period, (b) clients' awareness of capacities and occupational problems, (c) satisfaction with the assessment among the referring physicians, and (d) outcomes of the intervention following the assessment, in terms of changes in occupational performance and satisfaction. The groups did not differ in awareness of occupational problems, but the BIA group was more satisfied than the SA group with the support of their contact person and with the group leader during the period of assessment. Furthermore, physicians receiving feedback on patients in the BIA group were more satisfied than those receiving feedback on patients in the SA group. However, the groups did not differ concerning change during the treatment period in occupational performance or satisfaction. Thus, there was no difference between the assessment methods regarding the outcomes of the treatment following assessment. Minor advantages from the patients' perspective were found, in terms of better satisfaction in the BIA group, and from the referring physicians' perspective the BIA clearly seemed more satisfying than the SA. Thus, the findings showed that the BIA possessed better qualities than the SA regarding the indicators pertaining to satisfaction, but not concerning awareness of capacities and problems or the outcome of the subsequent treatment.
41.	Green, Sofia, 1982-, et al. (författare) Maja projektet : ett myndighetsgemensamt arbete mot illegal alkohol : slutrapport för verksamhetens utveckling november 2009 – december 2010 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
42.	Schmidt, Manuela (författare) Predictors of self-rated health and lifestyle behaviours in Swedish university students 2012 Ingår i: Global Journal of Health Science. - : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9736 .- 1916-9744. ; 4:4, s. 1-14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Lifestyle behaviours are usually formed during youth or young adulthood which makes college students a particularly vulnerable group that easily can adopt unhealthy lifestyle behaviour.Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the influence of socio-demographic factors on Swedish university students’ lifestyle behaviours and self-rated health.Method: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 152 students using questionnaires consisting of a socio-demographic section followed by previously well-validated instruments. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics: t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression tests.Findings: The results of this study show that the lifestyle behaviours under study (physical activity, perceived stress and eating behaviours) as well as self-rated health can be predicted to a certain extent by socio-demographic factors such as gender, mother tongue and parents’ educational level. Male university students were shown to be physically more active than female students; the male students were less stressed and rated their overall health, fitness level and mental health higher. Female students were more prone to adopt unhealthy eating behaviours.Discussion: This study addresses gender differences and their influences on lifestyle behaviours; it provides both theoretical explanations for these differences as well as presents some practical implications of the findings.
43.	Schmidt, Manuela (författare) Social marketing and breastfeeding : a literature review 2013 Ingår i: Global Journal of Health Science. - : The Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9736 .- 1916-9744. ; 5:3, s. 82-94 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Aims: Through the review of relevant literature this study illuminates the concepts of social marketing and breastfeeding. It specifically discusses the positioning of the link between social marketing and breastfeeding within different fields of study and develops a theoretical framework that tries to bridge the gap between those disciplines.Method: Various electronic databases were used and through systematic selection 11 scientific articles were identified that this literature review is based on.Results: The review indicates that the relationship between social marketing and breastfeeding is complex. There are indications that this relationship is being investigated within three distinct fields of research: psychology/education, public health and marketing. Depending on the research field the emphasis is put on either breastfeeding or social marketing as well as on the other concepts that were discovered to be of importance within this relationship. Namely, group and individual demography as well as behaviour were revealed to be important elements of the link between social marketing and breastfeeding.Conclusions: Based on the results this study concludes that a more multidimensional view on the relationship between the concepts under study is needed since the focus of previous studies is very one-sided and limited to just one element when all elements should be integrated equally.
44.	Lindahl, Bernt, et al. (författare) A randomized lifestyle intervention with 5-year follow-up in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance : pronounced short-term impact but long-term adherence problems 2009 Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 37:4, s. 434-442 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIMS: To compare data on cardiovascular risk factor changes in lipids, insulin, proinsulin, fibrinolysis, leptin and C-reactive protein, and on diabetes incidence, in relation to changes in lifestyle. METHODS: The study was a randomized lifestyle intervention trial conducted in northern Sweden between 1995 and 2000, in 168 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and body mass index above 27 at start. The intensive intervention group (n = 83) was subjected to a 1-month residential lifestyle programme. The usual care group (n = 85) participated in a health examination ending with a single counselling session. Follow-up was conducted at 1, 3 and 5 years. RESULTS: At 1-year follow-up, an extensive cardio-metabolic risk factor reduction was demonstrated in the intensive intervention group, along with a 70% decrease of progress to type 2 diabetes. At 5-year follow-up, most of these beneficial effects had disappeared. Reported physical activity and fibre intake as well as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were still increased, and fasting insulin and proinsulin were lower. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention affected several important cardio-metabolic risk variables beneficially, and reduced the risk for type 2 diabetes, but the effects persisted only as long as the new lifestyle was maintained. Increased physical activity seemed to be the behaviour that was most easy to preserve.
45.	Möllerberg, Marie-Louise, et al. (författare) The effects of a cancer diagnosis on the health of a patient's partner : a population-based registry study of cancer in Sweden 2016 Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Care. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0961-5423 .- 1365-2354. ; 25:5, s. 744-752 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this population-based registry study was to explore how cancer influences the health of partners, by examining the onset of new diagnoses for partners, health care use and health care costs among partners living with patients with cancer. The sample consisted of partners of patients with cancer (N = 10 353) and partners of age- and sex-matched controls who did not have cancer (N = 74 592). Diagnoses, health care use and health care costs were studied for a continuous period starting 1 year before the date of cancer diagnosis and continued for 3 years. One year after cancer diagnosis, partners of patients with cancer had significantly more mood disorders, reactions to severe stress and ischaemic heart disease than they exhibited in the year before the diagnosis. Among partners of patients with cancer, the type of cancer was associated with the extent and form of increased health care use and costs; both health care use and costs increased among partners of patients with liver cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and miscellaneous other cancers. The risk of poorer health varied according to the type of cancer diagnosed, and appeared related to the severity and prognosis of that diagnosis.
46.	Ranisch, Robert, et al. (författare) Ethics of digital contact tracing apps for the Covid-19 pandemic response 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract There is a growing interest in contact tracing apps (CT apps) for pandemic man- agement. These apps raise significant moral concerns. It is therefore crucial to consider ethical requirements before and while implementing such apps. Public trust is of major importance for population uptake of contact tracing apps. Hasty, ill-prepared or badly communicated implementations of CT apps will likely under- mine public trust, and as such, risk impeding general effectiveness. In response to these demands, to meet ethical requirements and find a basis for justified trust, this background introduces an ethical framework for a responsible design and implementation of CT apps. However, even prudently chosen measures of digital contact tracing carry moral costs, which makes it necessary address different trade-offs. This background paper aims to inform developers, researchers and decision-makers be- fore and throughout the process of implementing contact tracing apps.
47.	Kjellberg, Anders, 1942-, et al. (författare) Stress, energy and psychosocial conditions in different types of call centres 2010 Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 36:1, s. 9-25 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To identify risk indicators for high stress and low mental energy as well as to describe psychosocial working conditions at different types of call centres. Participants: 1183 operators from 28 call centres in Sweden, both external and internal, with different levels of task complexity, ownership and geographical location. Method: A cross sectional questionnaire study. Results: The stress level was moderately high and the energy level fairly high. Stress levels tended to be lower and psychosocial conditions better with increasing level of task complexity. Fourteen per cent of the operators were in a state of high stress/low energy ("worn out") and 47% in high stress/high energy ("committed under pressure"). Operators in a state of low stress/high energy ("committed without pressure") were most likely to report a better health status. High stress and lack of energy was mainly associated with time pressure, low decision latitude, and lack of social and supervisor support. Conclusions: Time pressure in combination with lack of support and influence should be seen as a potential high risk situation for the development of a "worn-out" state among call centre operators. Management should make use of this knowledge in order to promote a long lasting efficient and healthy call centre work.
48.	Malmqvist, Erik, et al. (författare) Pharmaceutical Pollution from Human use and the Polluter Pays Principle 2023 Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 16:2, s. 152-164 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Human consumption of pharmaceuticals often leads to environmental release of residues via urine and faeces, creating environmental and public health risks. Policy responses must consider the normative question how responsibilities for managing such risks, and costs and burdens associated with that management, should be distributed between actors. Recently, the Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) has been advanced as rationale for such distribution. While recognizing some advantages of PPP, we highlight important ethical and practical limitations with applying it in this context: PPP gives ambiguous and arbitrary guidance due to difficulties in identifying the salient polluter. Moreover, when PPP does identify responsible actors, these may be unable to avoid or mitigate their contribution to the pollution, only able to avoid/mitigate it at excessive cost to themselves or others, or excusably ignorant of contributing. These limitations motivate a hybrid framework where PPP, which emphasizes holding those causing large-scale problems accountable, is balanced by the Ability to Pay Principle (APP), which emphasizes efficiently managing such problems. In this framework, improving wastewater treatment and distributing associated financial costs across water consumers or taxpayers stand out as promising responses to pharmaceutical pollution from human use. However, sound policy depends on empirical considerations requiring further study.
49.	Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al. (författare) The Ethics of Antibiotic Resistance: Towards an Agenda for Feasible and Justified Global Health Policy 2019 Ingår i: Bioethics. - : Wiley. - 0269-9702 .- 1467-8519. ; 33:7, s. 731-733 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Guest editorial to special issue on the ethics of antibiotic resistance
50.	Eriksson, Charli, et al. (författare) Verksamhetsrapport 2010 : Med kraft och vilja : alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete inom Socialstyrelsens stöd till frivilligorganisationer 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Inom ramen för regeringens program för alkohol-, narkotika-, dopnings- och tobaksfrågor (ANDT) har Socialstyrelsen utlyst medel till frivilligorganisationer för alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Denna rapport redovisar genomförd verksamhet under 2010 inom de 54 projekt som fått stöd.Syftet med verksamhetsdokumentationen är att genomföra en redovisning av den genomförda verksamheten och därigenom ge Socialstyrelsen den redovisning som staten kräver av bidragsmottagare. Dokumentationen syftar också till att ge en fördjupad kunskap om alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete inom frivilligorganisationer.Denna redovisning bygger på inlämnade ansökningar och verksamhetsrapporter från frivilligorganisationer som beviljats anslag inom ramen för utlysningen av medel till alkohol- och drogförebyggande arbete. Projektens verksamhetsrapporter bygger i sin tur på den mall för verksamhetsdokumentation, som utformats inom vårt FoU-arbete. Dessa mallar syftar till att fungera som ett stöd för reflektion och systematisk dokumentation. De återkommande projektledarträffarna har möjliggjort att metodiken utvecklats och att ett givande erfarenhetsutbyte kommit till stånd. I årets huvudrapport diskuterar vi verksamhetsrapporteringen som metod.Under 2010 omfattade Socialstyrelsens projektportfölj verksamheter inom 38 organisationer med 54 olika projekt. Dessa redovisas i rapporten efter organisation i bokstavsordning. Varje projekt inleds med fakta om organisationen som genomför verksamheten. Därefter redovisas sökta och beviljade medel, projektets bakgrund, mål och inriktning, resurser – ekonomi, personal, ideell kraft och samarbetsparter samt vad som genomförts, uppnådda resultat och projektets fortsatta verksamhet. Beskrivningen avslutas med några korta kommentarer från forskarteamet.Forskarteamet har gemensamt men i olika omfattning arbetat med verksamhetens dokumentation, som byggs upp av organisationernas egna verksamhetsrapporter och reflektioner. Särskilt ansvariga för årets redovisning har varit Ingela Fredriksson och Madelene Larsson. Madelene hade ansvaret för arbetet med verksamhetsdokumentationen under våren 2010 fram till att hon var föräldraledig (juli 2010-mars 2011). Ingela har arbetat med rapportens sammanställning och uppföljande kontakter med organisationer sedan november 2011. Vi har alla bidragit till olika delar av rapporten, läst den och står därmed gemensamt för den.Att denna rapport kommer till stånd beror på alla de projektledare som inom de olika organisationerna medverkat i rapporteringen och delat med sig av sitt projekt, glädjeämnen och svårigheter. Ett stort tack till alla som bidragit till rapporten.

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