| 1. |
- Adelbratt, Thomas, 1949
(författare)
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Beliefs about real life decision strategies
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What kind of behavior is seen as most adaptive for everyday decision makers? How do they invest their mental energy? Is it in complex information integration, which traditionally is considered rational, or in other cognitive procedures? With these underlying questions 25 subjects were encouraged to give written accounts of their decision strategies in real life. The instructions promoted sequential descriptions without being too obtrusive. All reports were contents analyzed and condensed to six reflective and six intuitive categories with contrasting qualities. These indicated that the subjects had good analytic intentions, but rarely employed any demanding strategies and were almost unaware of the possibility of using different integration rules. The subjects rather preferred other sorts of deliberation, in areas like strategic planning, social adjustment, value co-ordination, and assessment calibration. Several of these activities were focused on evaluative phenomena and quite often prepared for systematic restructuring of values, criterion levels, and attribute weights to simplify the process. A strong regulating factor was the intuitive influence from emotions, established principles, identity concepts, and wishful thinking. It is concluded that the relative priority of evaluative phenomena has certain advantages for the individual. The strategy is probably easier to understand and to justify. It has a more natural relation to fundamental needs, identity aspects, social ties, etc. Finally, it is in direct contact with the individual?s emotional life and thus a connecting bridge between analysis and intuition.
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| 8. |
- Eek, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of evaluation dimension and social comparison on choices of allocation principles.
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A group of 49 undergraduate business school and 46 undergraduate psychology students and a group of 95 employees at different companies responded to a number of case-based organizational allocation tasks. Imagining themselves as employees in the organizations described, participants chose the fairest and the best out of four allocations in either a collectively or an individually framed organizational culture. Furthermore, social comparisons between different groups in the organizations were salient for half of the participants. It was predicted that evaluations on the fairness dimension, social comparison, and a collectively oriented organizational culture would increase choices of an equal allocation. It was also predicted that evaluations on the preference dimension, non-social comparison, and an individually oriented organizational culture would increase choices of non-equality distributions (i.e., maximization, pro-self, or pro-other). Results supported all predictions except those for organizational culture.
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| 9. |
- Falkman, Kerstin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of mind in children with cerebral palsy and severe speech impairment.
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Theory of mind (ToM) refers to the ability to impute mental states to oneself and others. It has been argued that deficits in this ability are specific to individuals with autism. Recent studies on children with other communicative impairments, however, cast doubt on this suggested specific relationship. A study that investigated understanding of a range of mental states within a single group of normally developed participants suggested a three-stage model of development of ToM. Using this model a group of seven children with cerebral palsy and severe speech impairment were tested on a range of tasks requiring ToM. The findings suggest that the children in this group follow a normal pattern of development, but with a considerable delay compared with children without disability. The findings also cast further doubt on the suggested specific relationship between deficits in ToM and autism, showing that children with other disabilities also experience problems within this area, albeit be it not for the same reasons.
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| 10. |
- Gärling, Tommy, 1941, et al.
(författare)
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Change in perceived value of money without change in nominal representation
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this research is to show that perceived value of money may vary for the same nominal representation. Experiment 1 demonstrated that for product prices expressed in the same unfamiliar currency (nominal representation), ratings of expensiveness of the prices increased with a large exchange rate and decreased with a small exchange rate. In Experiment 2 the same product prices expressed in the familiar domestic currency (Swedish crowns) were rated by participants to be more expensive when they were told that prices during the last year had increased due to inflation. Consistent results were obtained in Experiment 3 that showed that participants evaluated prices to be more expensive after having recalled purchasing something not worth the money than after having recalled purchasing something worth the money. It was concluded that despite that the nominal representation was the same, the perceived value of money was either changed to correspond to the actual value or to deviate from the actual value.
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| 13. |
- Jacobsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Coordinating work in Swedish schools
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Jacobsson, C. & Pousette, A. Coordinating Work in Swedish Schools. Göteborg Psychological Reports, 1999, 29, No. 8. Intra-organizational coordination is generally studied almost exclusively with a caseapproach, with the implementation of one specific coordinating method and evaluation of the effects of that method. By contrast, this study explores the daily use of five coordinating strategies in thirty Swedish schools (n = 994 teachers, with an 88 % response-rate to a questionnaire). Furthermore, the relationships between coordinating strategies and (1) coordination problems in the schools and (2) burnout among teachers are investigated. The most important coordinating strategy was ‘professional consideration’, followed by ‘striving for goals’. ‘Mutual adjustment’ was perceived as important to only a few, and ‘following routines’ and ‘following the boss’ were important to almost none of the teachers. The results showed that ‘striving for goals’ was related to a lesser frequency of coordination problems and lower levels of burnout than ‘professional consideration’.
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| 14. |
- Johansson Hanse, Jan, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Development appraisal and psychosocial work environment.
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the relation between ‘development appraisal’ (DA) (a kind of ‘staff development talk’ or ‘development discussion’ in Sweden) and psychosocial job factors. Seven hundred and fifty four employees from one municipal district in Sweden participated in a cross-sectional study. All subjects answered a questionnaire including topics regarding demographic and employee-related variables, DA (both a realization and a qualitative dimension), and psychosocial job factors. Those who had had a DA (realization dimension) reported higher satisfaction levels in regard to social support and decision latitude, compared to those who had not had a DA. As regards the qualitative dimension of DA, the results indicate positive significant relations with all psychosocial job factors. DA as a continuing process in the organisations practical activities are discussed and further investigations are also suggested.
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| 16. |
- Kazemi, Ali, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fairness and distributive goal on preferred allocations in public good dilemmas
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two experiments investigated allocation preferences in symmetric public good di-lemmas. In Experiment1 where 20 undergraduates participated in 5-person groups, it was found that fairness conceptions were a significant predictor of how participants allocated the public good to their group. 60 undergraduates partici-pated in Experiment 2 aimed at studying the impact of goals of economic produc-tivity, social concern, and harmony on participants’ allocation preferences. Groups with economic productivity as their goal allocated the resource according to equity, groups with social concern as their goal allocated the resource accord-ing to equal treatment, and groups with harmony as their goal allocated the re-source according to equal final outcomes. These findings suggest that in a public good dilemma people apply the allocation principle that serves a particular goal, independently of their perceptions of fair allocations.
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| 17. |
- Kazemi, Ali, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fairness, group goal, and self-interest on allocation preferences in step-level public good dilemmas
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In two experiments the prediction was tested that salience of fairness and group goal (economic productivity, social concern, or harmony) reduces the influence of self-interest on preferences for different principles (equity, equal treatment, or equal final outcomes) of distributing the outcomes accrued when a sufficient number contributes in a step-level public good dilemma. In Experiment 1, it was found that perceived fairness of allocation principles increased their perceived in-strumentality. Neither allocation instrumentality nor fairness varied with group goal or self-interest. In Experiment 2, the group goal of economic productivity in-creased fairness of allocations according to equity, and the group goal of social concern increased fairness of allocations according to equality and equal final outcomes. Perceived fairness and group goal were both related to allocation pref-erences. Self-interest had no effects on perceived fairness of allocation prefer-ences.
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| 18. |
- Kazemi, Ali, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The interplay between greed, fairness, and group goal in allocation preferences for public goods
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Effects of group goal on allocation decisions have previously been studied in symmetric public good dilemmas. With the aim of generalizing the results to asymmetric public good dilemmas where differences in individual needs are more salient, seventy-two undergraduates participating in a one-shot public good dilemma were asked to distribute the good in order to achieve different group goals. As expected, when the group goal was economic productivity, allocations corresponded more to equity, when the group goal was harmony, allocations corresponded more to equality, and when the group goal was social concern, allocations corresponded more to need. The results support the assumption that salience of group goal minimizes the effects of greed on allocations, and that perceived fairness explains why people pursuing a certain group goal tend to prefer a specific allocation strategy in distributing public goods.
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| 22. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental simulations of a subsidy system for sustainable production
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting experiment was conducted to investigate the potential effectiveness of a governmental subsidy system aimed to reduce sales and therefore production of environmentally harmful products. Two levels of a subsidy for unsold units were compared with a control condition without a sub-sidy. The results showed that the subsidies did not erode competition but never-theless led to the setting of higher prices that resulted in fewer sales. In the con-trol condition a price-war led to decreasing prices and increasing sales. The ways in which the proposed subsidy system may be implemented in the transport sec-tor and other sectors are discussed. Specifically, it is proposed that the subsidy system may complement the newly introduced European Emission Trading Scheme.
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| 24. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971
(författare)
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Reducing production of environmentally harmful products
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting game was used to investigate the effectiveness of a governmental subsidy system to reduce sales and thereby production of envi-ronmentally harmful products. It was also tested if the subsidy affected competi-tion. The results showed that in competitive conditions the subsidy led to higher prices and thus lower sales than when there was no subsidy. In no-competitive conditions prices were set higher so that income was almost maximized. Fur-thermore, in the competitive conditions with a subsidy or with no subsidy it was shown that prices were set in response to knowledge of the competitors previous set price, indicating that participants were trying to make a larger income than the competitor. The results substantiate the claim that the proposed subsidy sys-tem is effective in preventing price-wars without affecting competition, thus fol-lowing the rules of free market competition.
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| 26. |
- Olsson, Lars E., 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Subsidies for sustainable production: Effects of changing subsidy level
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A multi-trial duopoly price-setting game was used to investigate the potential ef-fectiveness of a subsidy system aimed at reducing sales and thereby production of environmentally harmful products. In real life it is however likely that a subsidy level will never remain fixed, either nominally or in real value. Producers may also have unreliable perceptions of the subsidy level even if it does not change. Therefore, a subsidy, either fixed and known, varying randomly, or varying sys-tematically across trials, was investigated. The results showed that both fixed and known, as well as varying subsidy levels led to higher prices and thus re-duced sales compared to without a subsidy. Knowledge of a fixed subsidy level or expectations about a subsidy level based on previous trials, appeared to make participants refrain from setting lower prices than the subsidy level. Further-more, the results indicated that participants attempted to maximize their profit by selling to the lowest price, thus they stayed competitive and did not exploit the subsidy.
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| 28. |
- Persson, Lars-Olof, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Mood and body feelings
- 1981
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Persson, Lars-Olof, 1951
(författare)
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Mood and expectation
- 1988
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
- Piñón, A, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of mood on adoption of loss frame in risky choice
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two studies employing a total of 200 undergraduates were conducted to investigate how mood affects framing of risky choice. In Study 1 a negative correlation was observed between a self-reported positive mood and risk aversion but no influences were found of mood on the size of the reflection effect, the sunk cost effect, the house money effect, or risky choice framing. Study 2 did not demonstrate a sunk cost effect (adoption of a loss frame) in an induced positive mood, only in an induced negative mood. The results supported the hypothesis that in a positive mood participants maintain their mood by not adopting a loss frame
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| 34. |
- Pousette, Anders, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of Feedback Environment in Human Service Organizations
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pousette, A. & Jacobsson, J. Consequences of feedback environment in human service organizations. Göteborg Psychological Reports, 1999, 29, No. 7. This paper investigates the consequences of feedback on role ambiguity and work attitudes in human service work. Questionnaires including measures of positive and negative feedback from different sources, role ambiguity, job satisfaction and organizational commitment were developed. Survey data were obtained from 604 human service workers in three different Swedish organizations: public insurance, social rehabilitation and a psychiatric hospital. Two latent factors of feedback were identified using confirmatory factor analysis: positive feedback and negative feedback. Positive and negative feedback were related to role ambiguity in all three samples simultaneously. Positive feedback was found to reduce role ambiguity, while negative feedback contributed to role ambiguity. In the psychiatric hospital sample, positive and negative feedback were related to role ambiguity, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in three alternative structural equation models. As expected, role ambiguity was strongly related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, there was no support for a direct relationship between the feedback factors and job satisfaction or organizational commitment. Instead the relationships between feedback and work attitudes were mediated by role ambiguity. The implications for future research as well as for management in human service work are discussed.
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| 35. |
- Sundblad, Eva-Lotta, 1956
(författare)
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Evaluation of uncertain climate change information
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- . Scientific uncertainty is a common characteristic of information about new research findings. Since people generally dislike uncertainty, uncertain events can be evaluated as worse than if they happen for certain, an uncertainty effect (Gneezy, List & Wu, 2006). Two studies assessed risk perception of scientifically uncertain climate change consequence. Participants, in Study 1 (N = 64) were either informed of a 50 % probability or a 100 % probability that some specific events would occur or that they occur with 100 % probability. Unexpectedly, these events were perceived as less risky in the 50 %-probability, than the 100 %-probability condition. In Study 2, other participants (N = 30) met a more elaborate test procedure. Increased risk perception was revealed for those informed of a 50 % probability as compared with a 100 % probability (although not statistically significant). The results of the two studies indicate that an uncertainty effect is dependent on elaborated mental processing.
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| 36. |
- Sundblad, Eva-Lotta, 1956
(författare)
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The Influence of a Law that Bans the Discharge of Toilet Waste from Leisure Boats in the Baltic Sea
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The influence of a law that bans the discharge of toilet waste from leisure boats in the Baltic Sea. Göteborg Psychological Reports, 2010, No. 1. In order to understand the influence of prohibiting laws on personal norms and behaviour, people from two countries with coasts toward the Baltic Sea were examined. Boat owners from Finland, with a prohibiting law against discharging toilet wastewater in the sea, and from Sweden, without a similar law, answered a questionnaire when boating in Sweden. Sixty-two boat owners responded. Finnish boat owners had stronger personal norms against discharging toilet waste and acted more environmentally friendly in this regard, compared with Swedish boat owners. Hence, to live in a country with a prohibiting law may influence both personal norms and own behaviour to the extent that people pursue the desirable behaviour although being away from the jurisdiction of the law.
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