| 1. |
- Aagård, Gun-Britt, 1941-
(författare)
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Gävle
- 1984
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Gävle is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic basis. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1936-
(författare)
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Kungahälla
- 1981
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1936-, et al.
(författare)
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Stadsarkeologi i Mellansverige : läge, problem, möjligheter
- 1980
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under the heading Urban Archaeology in Central Sweden: present position, problems, and possibilities, this report examines the material collected in the course of the project work in the Lake Mälaren valley. We have made a survey to show the present position of archaeology. The possibilities of the existing material have been discussed. It has been used to demonstrate to what extent it can be instrumental in solving certain defined problems. There are gaps in the material, sometimes of a seriously hampering kind, but in many instances some progress should be possible. Some places where a holistic approach can be applied stand out as particularly important, but in most of the places discussed it is at all events possible to obtain a material which can answer at least certain aspects of important questions.To a large extent the work has been based on the assumption that it is essential to start from data elucidating chronology, topography, and structure. The character of the material is such that the topographical conditions have come to occupy a particularly prominent position. As a result it is important to emphasize that in our opinion, as has already been pointed out in the programme of the project, this should not be regarded as a goal in itself. Knowledge of the topographical conditions must also serve as a means to progress further. It becomes particularly important in periods which lack other kinds of more easily accessible material. We have maintained this opinion particularly on one point, namely the transformation which we think can be observed in many of the investigated towns in the early 13th century (Ch. 7). By bringing the finds into the discussion and making a thorough analysis, this mode of work can be developed. Particularly as regards structural problems it must be possible to cover more ground. In an analysis of this kind the elements of change become essential. If the Middle Ages are considered as a period of great changes as regards administrative, social, and economic conditions, an analysis of the archaeological material 69 concerned with what is immediately visible would contribute towards a more detailed knowledge about these general processes. Consequently we shall be forced to fit the town into a regional structure in quite a different way.Such an approach makes great demands on the treatment of the material. It compels us to decide how far the archaeological material can be used. Which are the possibilities of the urban archaeological material when it comes to elucidating conditions outside the town as well? Recent discussions have pointed to the paleobotanical material as particularly important in this context. But it should be possible to make use of studies concerning for instance changes of the town structure. The churches and their relation to the surrounding countryside will be of great importance. The collected objects can throw light on the supply of raw materials, contacts, manufacturing organization etc. It is, however, hard to survey all the possibilities at present. It is essential that a comprehensive discussion is kept going to give the necessary framework for keeping the work together and rendering syntheses possible.Undoubtedly the Lake Mälaren valley is very interesting in this respect. The physical geography of the region is comparatively uniform. It contains examples of the Viking Age as well as Early, High, and Late Medieval urbanization. During the whole period a high degree of economic expansion coupled with a developed social differentiation seems to have taken place. The central administration was increased on a large scale in the High Middle Ages. What does this expansive transformation signify? Which forms did it take? Which are the inherent consequences for the continued development? These are general historical questions. An important task for archaeology is to create the possibilities to deal with them.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1936-
(författare)
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Städer i öst och väst : sammanfattande rapport etapp I
- 1984
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This contribution compares the medieval towns in central and western Sweden, putting forward the point of view that urbanism differed in the two regions. The chronology of urban development in the two areas is studied; as is also the stability of the urbanization, that is, was the urban structure relatively firmly established or was it unstable, with discontinuity, changes of site etc? The strength and stability of the towns can also reflect the extent to which they had secular and ecclesiastical institutions and administrative functions. It is more difficult to postulate the size of the towns but, even so, an attempt is made here to specify their surface area. The author believes that there is a significant difference between the two regions.In central Sweden a stable and buoyant urban organization was established during a relatively short period in the 13th century, while in western Sweden, which was split up among three countries in the Middle Ages, it was a long time before anything similar was established. There were many changesof site; there were few institutionsin the towns which appear mainly tohave been economically weak. There are many explanations for this. In central Sweden there was a healthy economic hinterland (with agriculture and mining). Power was centralized nearby and it could both promote and direct the foundation of towns. Western Sweden was peripheral to all the three bordering countries among which it was split in the middle ages. Central power had more difficulty in making itself felt. Urbanization has been associated with other political, economic and administrative changes which occurred within the realm. This study suggests that it might also be fruitful to look at urbanism in the light of variable regional development.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Hans, 1936-
(författare)
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Urbaniseringsprocessen i det medeltida Sverige : en forskningsöversikt
- 1979
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report was written for the XVII Conference of Scandinavian Historians in Trondheim, 1977. It was published together with summaries of the research carried out in the other Scandinavian countries in Urbaniseringsprosessen i Norden. 1. Middelaldersteder, edited by Grete Authén Blom, Oslo 1977.The report summarizes the present state of research on Swedish medieval towns. Towns which belonged to Denmark or Norway before the mid-17th century are not included. The report is divided into two main parts: urban society up to c 1350 (p 5-32) and the late medieval development (p 32-35). The headings in the table of contents give the subject of each chapter. Some general ideas relating to the process of urbanisation are presented in a couple of summaries. The author looks upon the development in the earlier period as follows (p 31-32):In prehistoric times places appear where the existence of trade and specialized crafts can be observed (Helgö, Birka, Paviken, Köpingsvik, Eketorp), sometimes together with a densely built-up settlement (Birka, Eketorp). Helgö, Birka and Paviken cease to exist before the Middle Ages but other places continue during the early Middle Ages. As regards these places there is no evidence that they had other central functions than the economic, with the possible exception of Birka.A partly parallel development to these places, which in one instance began already in prehistoric times, was the emergence of densely populated areas which simultaneously or somewhat later can be shown to have had functions other than purely economic. To begin with they were very few: Sigtuna, Lödöse, Kalmar, Visby, and perhaps Skara, but in the late 12th century their number increases considerably with a concentration to the eastern part of central Sweden. All these places were in one way or another closely tied to administrative structures, either secular or ecclesiastical. Some of them were episcopal seats and/or deaneries, in others there were royal citadels or mints. Several of these places can also be connected with an even older structure of provincial centres, which were the sites of markets, things, and perhaps cult ceremonies and the later ecclesiastical division was probably based on this structure. It can thus be shown that in these early towns there was a close connection between economic, ecclesiastical and secular administrative functions. In many instances the structure of provincial centres can be traced far back.The development during the late part of the 13th century is in some respects different. The new towns do not seem to have been tied to existing administrative structures in the same way as the old ones. The division into bailiwichs does, it is true, follow the existing forts-towns, but already in the beginning of the 14th century the ties between fort-town-bailiwick began to be loosened up. Skara was replaced by Axvall and Lödöse by Älvsborg. Most of the new towns never became centres of bailiwichs. The towns developed mainly into instruments for regulating and controlling the economic activity of a region. Privileges were granted and laws made. The civic administration was reorganised but the strong influence of the Crown was maintained. Prohibitions against trade outside the towns were issued. This process was subjected, at times, very strongly, to external influences, not least due to the position of the Hanseatic trade. It is more difficult to decide if, apart from the administrative reorganisation, any decisive changes took place, for instance with regard to topography.As for the commercial centres, or to express it more cautiously -the nonagrarian communities, it is possible that the disappearance of some of these around 1300 should be interpreted as a result of a failure to incorporate them into the regulated urban communites. On the other hand it needs pointing out that the existence of regulated towns did not exclude small trading places, particularly in areas which completely lacked towns as was the case in Norrland.The economic activities which gave rise to the development of the towns were the mining and agriculture in the central parts of Sweden.Mining on an industrial scale can be followed back to the late 13th century and can be connected with the process of urbanisation in the region around Lake Mälaren: the establishment of new towns, most notably Stockholm, and the development of the existing towns.The role of agriculture in relation to urbanisation is much more difficult to establish. But an examination of the early towns shows that they were all to a marked extent situated in, or close to, good farming districts. The question arises whether it was of importance for the development of urbanisation in these parts that they were the relatively speaking most densely populated districts.On the basis of this evidence it would seem that the development in Sweden after the emergence of the prehistoric trading centres shows two well-defined transitional periods, namely the decades before and after 1200 and the latter half of the 13th century. The last-mentioned period was mainly characterized by administrative reorganisation whereas topographical and functional conditions were established during the earlier period. As for the functions of the town it is possible that to a certain extent they became more limited to the purely economic aspects during the latter part of the period under discussion.The late Middle Ages, which in Sweden has been studied much less than the early period is characterized as follows (p 35):Only a few points are referred to with regard to the towns of the late Middle Ages. Generally speaking there were no decisive changes in the structure of the towns. New towns arose but only a few of these were of importance. There was, however, a shift in status among the towns. This is particularly true of Stockholm which was markedly different from other Swedish towns also with regard to its physical form. New Lödöse was the only new town which could assert itself, due to the fact that it succeeded to the role of the most important port on the west coast, but also perhaps due to the changes in the economy and the agricultural geography which can be followed in the late Middle Ages, an increase in animal production and a change in outlook as regards the border trade.One scholar has called the late Middle Ages the period of urban decline. As a matter of fact this is the period when the towns established their positions and gained increased economic importance. During this period urbanisation began to expand outside the central settled regions. A foundation was laid for the spread of urbanisation to Norrland. But the lasting impression is the picture of continuity from the early Middle Ages.Translation: Birgitta Frykman
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| 7. |
- Andrén, Anders, 1952-
(författare)
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Lund : tomtindelning, ägostruktur, sockenbildning
- 1984
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present report is to discuss a medieval town - in this case Lund - primarily on the basis of the documentary material. In the first place the sources concerning medieval conditions in the town have been worked through and systematized. In the second place follows an analysis of the sources, dealing among other things with the structure of ownership and the division into parishes in the Middle Ages. Only in the third place is the report directed towards consideration of principles mainly as regards the relationship between town and country in the early medieval period. The report has been written in connection with the present author's work on a doctoral thesis about urbanization in medieval Denmark. [...]
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| 8. |
- Andrén, Anders, 1952-
(författare)
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Lund
- 1980
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Anglert, Mats, 1955-
(författare)
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Båstad
- 1982
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the report: This report on the situation of urban arachaeology in Båstad is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work. The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 10. |
- Anglert, Mats, 1955-
(författare)
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Luntertun/Ängelholm
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the report: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Luntertun/Ängelholm is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1, 2, 4.1 and 4.2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 11. |
- Anglert, Marit, 1954-
(författare)
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Sölvesborg
- 1984
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Sölvesborg is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in re lation to future work.The English summary gives a broad out line of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 12. |
-
Arboga
- 1977. - 2. uppl.
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Arboga is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evalutation of the uncovered material.The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages. 5.2The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure, and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaptation to certain decisive pre-requisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
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| 13. |
- Areslätt, Tomas, 1947-
(författare)
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Jönköping
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Jönköping is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic basis. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 14. |
- Arvidsson, Eva, 1951-
(författare)
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Elleholm
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Elleholm is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet och statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
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| 15. |
- Augustsson, Jan-Erik, 1950-
(författare)
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Halmstad
- 1980
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the report: This report on the present state of urban archaeology in Halmstad is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the present state of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the collected material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: The present report deals with two towns of the same name, an earlier one a short distance inland (Halmstad-Övraby) which was abandoned in the Middle Ages and the still existing later town which is situated on the coast (Broktorp-Halmstad).Chapters 2.1-2 and 3.1-2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work. The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
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| 16. |
- Broberg, Birgitta, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Keramik, kammar och skor från 7 medeltida städer : fyndstudie
- 1981
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 1970s are characterized by a very marked expansion of urban archaeology. A large number of archaeological finds were collected and are now stored in museums all over the country.When the project The Medieval town started in 1976 the intention was to devote comparatively large space in the reports of the respective towns to the treatment of this material. This has, however, not been realized. The main reason why the archaeolocigal finds have not been dealt with to the extent which was originally planned, is their inaccessability. The finds from large urban excavations which are important for future research have often not been worked through and published. This makes it very difficult to make full use of the material. We should, however, like to draw attention to the fact that there exists today an archaeological material of finds which as regards quantity, quality, and geographical distribution could materially increase our knowledge of the medieval towns in Sweden.In 1980 an attempt was made by the proiect The Medieval Town to see to which extent limited work on single categories of objects could contribute towards an answer to specific questions. The selection of object categories and methods was made on the basis of questions concerning the early urbanization of Central Sweden. The wide distribution of the archaeological finds made possible comparisons to elicit similarities and differences between towns and excavated sites. The present study of finds should also be seen as an attempt to discover methods for dealing summarily with finds in such a way that on the basis of the questions posed, tendencies would emerge that could motivate further studies.The finds included in this study have come from most of the large archaeological excavations which took place in Central Sweden in the 1970s, altogether 15 in number. The following seven towns are represented: Enköping, Lödöse, Nyköping, Söderköping, Uppsala, Visby, and Örebro. The three categories of finds which have been chosen as best suited for this study are medieval pottery, combs, and shoes.The find study comprises a total number of 12 200 potsherds, 113 classified combs, and 965 classified shoes. In order to make it possible to deal with the material, the respective objects were classified according to rather rough criteria. Then followed a listing of the objects related to class and strata, 1, 2, 3 etc where the lowest figure represents the bottom layer. In additions to the tables the material is also accounted for in histograms where the reciprocal relations between the three different find categories are more clearly shown. A preliminary dating has also been included.The prerequisite condition for this mode of work is that all the finds are related to specific strata. To present a tabular account of the finds is a method which corresponds completely with the aim of the find study which is largely based on comparative studies between different materials and towns. Detailed studies have also in certain cases been made of the different find categories.Emphasis is laid on a comparison between finds from sites with a well documented 12th century archaeological material, that is places like Lödöse, Söderköping, Visby, and to some extent Nyköping. What finds have been collected from the different places during thes pre-urban stage? Is it possible to obtain information from the finds as regards the function of the place and the stage of development it had reached in the 12th century?A large part of the find report deals with archaeological material from the transition period between the 12th and the 13th centuries. In Lödöse, Söderköping, and Visby it has been possible to establish for this period the occurrence of a change, that is an expansion of the settlement. What are the reasons for this expansion? How is this change reflected in the finds from the respective towns?The work carried out within the project on the Central Swedish towns has confirmed the importance of the 13th century with regard to the foundation of towns. For this reason the study has been concentrated on the ways in which the finds can throw more light on different aspects of the urbanizing process, its prerequisite conditions, completion, and possible regional differences. Apart from elucidating these questions the material can be used to outline the development of the settlement in the respektive towns. In the course of the work it became evident that it is of vital importance to make the archaeological finds from Central Sweden accessible. It is of importance for continued archaeological work and for research concerning the rise and development of the towns.The introductory chapter (Chapter 1) which deals with background (1.1), aim (1.2), extent (1.3), and method (1.4) is followed by a short presentation of the towns represented. This is done in order to make it possible to see the different investigations in their context. The brief descriptions of the towns include first of all the earliest written reference, the importance and function of the town etc and are based on the ref>orts on the respective town. Each description is accompanied by a modern town plan where all archaeological observations and extant medieval buildings have been marked. The investigation dealt with in the report on the finds have been marked in green.Chapters 3, 4, and 5 contain an account ot the three find categories: pottery (Chapter 3), combs (Chapter 4), and shoes (Chapter 5). Each town and investigation is presented in succession. The different materials are accounted for in tabular form as well as in illustrations accompanied by comments. The chapter on pottery begins with a presentation of the classification system used. By and large it follows Dagmar Selling's ABC-system, first published in Wikingerzeitliche und frühmittelalterliche Keramik in Sweden, 1955. Al coresponds to so called early western European black pottery. All to Vendish pottery, Bl to so called late black pottery, Bll to white-and red-fired earthenware, C to stoneware. From these main groups have been chosen sub-groups important for this study and the pottery has been divided into 15 classes in all. To the tables belong histograms from which the relationship between the different classes of pottery emerges more easily. A sparse hatching has been used where the sherds are 1 - 9 in number and a closer one for 10 - 19 sherds. The black colour stands for twenty of more potsherds. As well as a classification of the material, certain detailed studies have been made. With regard to A-and Bl-pottery all the different shapes of rims and decorations are recorded and in the case of large finds stratigraphically. Detailed studies have also been made of the decoration of Bll: 1-pottery, This means that all variations of ornaments are illustrated. Combs and shoes are accounted for in the same way, that is both in numerical tables and histograms, There are only differences in the hatching of the staples. As regards combs sparse hatching means 1 comb, 2 - 4 combs have been more closely hatched, and numbers exceeding four are marked in black. In the case of shoes sparse hatching stands for 1 - 4 shoes, closer hatching for 5 - 9, and black any exceeding number of shoes. For both these find categories all existing variations in shape are illustrated. At the end of each chapter the material from Lödöse is dealt with. Combs and shoes from here have been classified according to the principles used elsewhere in this study. The classification used in the present study has, however, not been followed when dealing with pottery, as the Lödöse material has been previously catalogued according to another but similar system. The system used for classifying the Lödöse pottery is presented in figure 39. To the system belongs a "key" which facilitates a comparison between the two systems.Chapter 6 contains an analysis. By way of introduction chapters 3, 4, and 5, dealing respectively with pottery, combs, and shoes, are summarized. Apart from the descriptive introduction, the analysis is largely devoted to comparative datting. Chapters 6.3 and 6.4 compare the periods when different types of pottery, combs, and shoes occur in the different towns. This is done on the one hand for the Central Swedish region represented by Enköping, Nyköping, Söderköping, Uppsala, and Urebro, and on the other for material from Eastern and Western Sweden. Western Sweden is represented by Lödöse and Oslo, Eastern Sweden by Söderköping and Visby. The discussion concerning the dating is carried out on the basis of diagrams which show within which periods the different classes of obiects occur in the respective towns (figures 85 - 90).The aim in the study of the finds has been to try and see to which extent archaeological finds can be used to elucidate an historical process, in this case the early urbanization of Central Sweden. In chapter 6.5 an attempt is made to summarize the prerequisite conditions for the growth of the regional centres and in chapter 6.6 we discuss how the completion of urbanization can be studied in more detail by means of the archaeological finds.In the work on the finds other aspects on the material have come to light. Differences mainly as regards pottery have led to a discussion about coastal versus inland towns and whether the towns had different contacts. The internal structure of the towns is dealt with in two chapters. In chapter 6.8 general topographicahl conditions are discussed with an emphasis on the development of the settlement in two towns, Söderköping and Uppsala. Chapters 6.9 deals with the crafts which had important functions in the medieval towns. The medieval crafts are best represented in the material from Lödöse but an attempt is made to compare it with corresponding conditions in Söderköping.The concluding chapter 6.10 presents views on future work where the necessity for work on the archaeological fin
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| 17. |
- Broberg, Birgitta, 1949-
(författare)
-
Kungsbacka-Gåsekil
- 1981
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
- Broberg, Birgitta, 1949-
(författare)
-
Norrköping
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Norrköping is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages. The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic basis. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions. The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work. The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
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| 19. |
- Broberg, Birgitta, 1949-
(författare)
-
Nyköping
- 1979
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Nyköping is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
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| 20. |
- Broberg, Birgitta, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
-
Söderköping
- 1978
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the position of urban archaeology in Söderköping is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the position of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 och 2 give an account of a number of data which in different ways are important for the early development of the town. The information has been collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data). In the first mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even though for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during the work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and the extent to which it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the type of settlement which existed and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaptation to certain decisive pre-requisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 21. |
- Broberg, Birgitta, 1949-
(författare)
-
Södertälje
- 1979
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Södertälje is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
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| 22. |
- Broberg, Birgitta, 1949-
(författare)
-
Trosa
- 1979
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Trosa is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapter 1 gives an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives. As there is no archaeological material from Trosa, this report has been arranged differently from the others. Chapter 2 contains a short summary of the present stand of research concerning medieval Trosa instead of the customary report on archaeological material and other primary sources. […]
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| 23. |
- Broberg, Birgitta, 1949-
(författare)
-
Varberg
- 1982
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
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| 24. |
- Carlsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
-
Gamla Lödöse
- 1980
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lödöse nämns för första gången i samband med händelser år 1151.
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| 25. |
- Douglas, Marietta, 1950-
(författare)
-
Sigtuna
- 1978
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the position of urban archaeology in Sigtuna is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the position of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages. 5.2The arrangement of the report: Chapter 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in different ways are important for the early development of the town. The information has been collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even though for different reasons thing has not always been possible.One important aim during the work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and the extent to which it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the type of settlement which existed and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaptation to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
|
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| 26. |
|
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| 27. |
- Ersgård, Lars
(författare)
-
Skanör-Falsterbo
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
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| 28. |
- Ersgård, Lars, 1947-
(författare)
-
Skanör - Falsterbo
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Skanör-Falsterbo is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, efen if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this bases. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps on the report. [...]
|
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| 29. |
- Folin, Catharina, 1946-
(författare)
-
Hedemora
- 1978
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the position of urban archaeology in Hedemora is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and t Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the position of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in different ways are important for the early development of the town. The information has been collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even though for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during the work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and the extent to which it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the type of settlement which existed and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaptation to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 30. |
- Folin, Catharina, 1946-
(författare)
-
Köping
- 1979
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the position of urban archaeology in Köping is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens Historiska Museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentations of the position of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places wich obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangements of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in different ways are important for the early development of the town. The information has been collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even though for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during the work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and the extent to which it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the type of settlement which existed and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaptation to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
|
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| 31. |
- Gustafsson, Jan Helmer, 1945-
(författare)
-
Enköping
- 1979
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Enköping is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 32. |
-
Handelsplats - stad - omland : symposium om det medeltida stadsväsendet i Mellansverige : Sigtuna 7-8 februari, 1979
- 1980
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ENGLISH SUMMARYThe first stage of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, has focused on the towns around Lake Mälaren, occasionally deviating towards the north and south. The state of archaeology in these towns has been elucidated and analysed in several reports.Considering the assembled picture developing as a result of the project work, we thought it important to initiate an interdisciplinary discussion of certain definite questions at a symposium in order to get a platform for future work of different kinds. The questions to be discussed were chosen on the basis of the experience gathered in the course of the project. It was required that they should allow the towns to be dealt with in a wider context as well as throw light on certain defined problems regarding the actual process of urbanization. At the discussions the consequences for archaeological and historical work were to be elucidated: which basic data are needed, how should The Ancient Monuments Act be applied, etc.Three main topics were decided upon:Trading centres -towns, particularly questions concerning possible functional and structural differences .Town - country: that is, the problem of the hinterland.The importance of ecclesiastical and secular "institutions" for urban development.We invited Nordic specialists from different academic disciplines and professions to a symposium in Sigtuna, February 7-8, 1979 to discuss the three main subjects together with members of the reference group and the participants of the project. The discussions were first held in groups, followed by a plenary session. Two introductory speeches were made in each group. The programme and participants are presented in the appendixes. The present report publishes lectures, introductory speeches, and summaries of the discussions.In an opening lecture, "The preservation of the cultural heritage and urban archaeology. Legislation, organization, prospects" (p. 5), Margareta Biörnstad, Head Keeper of Antiquities, outlined the present situation against its historical background. She pointed to the growth of an increased consciousness of the importance of urban archaeology and the practical results of this process. The application of The Ancient Monuments Act and the economic aspects were also discussed by her. The present project was presented by the director, Hans Andersson (p. 11). He gave an account of its plan and demarcations and summarized in broad outlines the state of archaeology in central Sweden. He also dwelt on the question of how to continue the work and one of his suggestions was regional investigations, which would give better possibilities for studying the hinterland than the present project.In the group dealing with trading centres - towns the introductory lectures were given by professors Knut Helle, Bergen, and Staffan Helmfrid, Stockholm.Helle discussed what meanings should be assigned to the concept of trading centre and possible ways of studying the relationship between trading centres and towns. He pointed to three aspects:the relation between trading centres and towns can be studied as a development through time (the continuity problem)the relation can be studied synchronically as a functional division between different types of contemporary centres andthe relation between the trading functions and other urbanizing functions.Helle discussed mainly a statement based on the material of the project - that the growth of towns in the region of Lake Mälaren is strongly connected with the 13th century and the difficulty of establishing continuity in other than exceptional cases. Helle doubted this, not least with regard to the development in Norway and Denmark. On the other hand he agreed with the opinion of the project that it is necessary also to point to other than the strictly commercial functions as important for the growth of towns in the region of Lake Mälaren (their function as centres of the Crown and the Church).Helmfrid gave a geographers views on how to approach the town as part of the regional functional system of society through the ages and its changes with and within this system. His points of departure were the views expressed by the German geographer Dietrich Denke at the symposium of urban archaeology in Göttingen in 1972.The second group concentrated on the problem of the hinterland. The opening speakers, docents Åke Hyenstrand and Ulf Sporrong, discussed the Lake Malar valley from different aspects. Hyenstrand presented a model for a discussion concerned with explaining the changes leading to a society presupposing regional centres for its existence. He regarded the following factors as essential for this development:an increase of energy through the elevation of the landpopulation growth and colonizationtechnical improvements in primary and secondary industriesiron manufacture and communicationsthe organizationSporrong gave an account of studies concerning patterns of settlement in the surroundings of the towns of the Lake Mälaren region. The main lines of development he headed as follows:a) Villages in the functional sense develop during the later part of the Iron Age.b) Field systems and large scale spatial organization within the territory of the village belong to a somewhat later stage.c) Parcelling of communal pieces of land takes place in the Early Middle Ages.d) A reorganization of units in the central regions -along lines pointing towards the geometrically regular villages, occurs not later than the 13th century. These last two stages are roughly contemporary with the urbanization which in the opinion of the project takes place from the 13th century onwards.The third group discussed the role played by institutions for the development of towns. The introductory speakers were Göran Dahlbäck, fil.dr, and Ingrid Nielsen, cand.mag. Dahlbäck was concerned with factors determining the location of the institutions within the town, to what extent their location can give information about the formative history of the town, the need of institutions for concentrations of population, their role in creating work opportunities and the transformation of the immediate hinterland.On the basis of a number of Danish examples Nielsen showed how different institutions have influenced the development. Like Dahlbäck she discussed both ecclesiastical and secular institutions.The concluding plenary discussion dealt mainly withwhat gaps of knowledge could be detectedwhat consequences for archaeology could be drawn from the discussion andthe chances of collaboration both between different projects and lines of research and with corresponding work in the Nordic countries.Translated by Birgitta Fryhnan
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| 33. |
- Hasselmo, Margareta, 1950-
(författare)
-
Marstrand
- 1980
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
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| 34. |
- Hasselmo, Margareta, 1950-
(författare)
-
Skänninge
- 1983
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report of the situation of urban archaeology in Skänninge is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanisation for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic basis. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
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| 35. |
- Hasselmo, Margareta, 1950-
(författare)
-
Stockholm
- 1981
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Stockholm is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
|
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| 36. |
- Hasselmo, Margareta, 1950-
(författare)
-
Uddevalla
- 1980
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 37. |
- Hasselmo, Margareta, 1950-
(författare)
-
Vadstena
- 1982
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Vadstena is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.
|
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| 38. |
- Jacobsson, Bengt, 1945-
(författare)
-
Landskrona
- 1983
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Landskrona is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical- geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. […]
|
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| 39. |
- Jacobsson, Bengt, 1945-
(författare)
-
Simrishamn
- 1982
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the projekt: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Simrishamn is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and itsimplications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
|
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| 40. |
- Jacobsson, Bengt, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
Trelleborg
- 1982
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Trelleborg is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic basis. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work. The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
|
|
| 41. |
- Johnson, Marianne, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
-
Köpingsvik ...
- 1990
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 42. |
- Järpe, Anna, 1943-
(författare)
-
Eskilstuna Torshälla
- 1982
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Eskilstuna and Torshälla is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1, 2, and 3 give an account of a number of data which are in various ways important for the early development of the towns. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data). In the first mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure, and economic basis. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, graphical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of this report.As this report deals with two independent towns, Eskilstuna and Torshälla, the contents of the chapters are arranged in a way which differs slightly from the other reports in the series. Chapter 1 deals with the common general background of the two places. Chapter 2 gives an account of the documentary and archaeological materials concerning Eskilstuna and chapter 3 contains the corresponding information about Torshälla. Finally, in chapter 4, an attempt is made to analyse the material from both towns. […]
|
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| 43. |
- Järpe, Anna, 1943-
(författare)
-
Nya Lödöse
- 1986
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Nya Lödöse and Älvsborgsstaden is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data). In the first-mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
|
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| 44. |
- Järpe, Anna, 1943-
(författare)
-
Strängnäs
- 1979
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the position of urban archaeology in Strängnäs is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the position of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in different ways are important for the early development of the town. The information has been collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data). In the first mentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even though for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during the work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and the extent to which it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the type of settlement which existed and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaptation to certain decisive pre-requisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data has been chosen and structured on this basis. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
|
|
| 45. |
- Klackenberg, Henrik, 1954-
(författare)
-
Bogesund
- 1983
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Bogesund is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modem Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible.One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions.The data have been chosen and structured on this bases. The selection gives both a general view of the available material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work.The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps of the report. [...]
|
|
| 46. |
- Klackenberg, Henrik, 1954-
(författare)
-
Falköping
- 1981
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 47. |
- Klackenberg, Henrik, 1954-
(författare)
-
Hjo
- 1981
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Falköping is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens historiska museer. The aim of the projectis to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.
|
|
| 48. |
- Klackenberg, Henrik, 1954-
(författare)
-
Hästholmen
- 1984
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the project: This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Hästholmen is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.The arrangement of the report: Chapters 1 and 2 give an account of a number of data which in various ways are important for the early development of the town. The information is collected from available literature (mainly as regards documentary material) as well as from primary material in the archives (archaeological data, records from borings). In the firstmentioned case no attempt has been made to correct possible faults through independent research. As regards the archaeological material, the aim has been to include all archaeological observations, even if for different reasons this has not always been possible. One important aim during work on the report has been to appraise and evaluate the archaeological material and to what extent it throws light on essential problems concerning urban history. The basic idea is that archaeological material can provide information about chronology, function, social structure and economic bases. The material has been arranged on the assumption that the form of settlement which took place and is reflected in the archaeological material is the result of a functional adaption to certain decisive prerequisites such as topography, communications, and economical-geographical conditions. The data have been chosen and structured on this bases. The selection gives both a general view of the avail' able material concerning the development of the medieval town and a basis for further work on this material. This in turn will provide a foundation for the antiquarian evaluation in relation to future work. The English summary gives a broad outline of the contents, mainly based on the maps on the report. [...]
|
|
| 49. |
- Klackenberg, Henrik, 1954-
(författare)
-
Lidköping
- 1982
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report on the situation of urban archaeology in Lidköping is written as part of the project The Medieval Town: Implications of Early Urbanization for Modern Planning, under the auspices of Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens historiska museer. The aim of the project is to make a detailed survey and documentation of the situation of urban archaeology and its implications for physical planning and make a scholarly evaluation of the uncovered material. The project deals mainly with those places which obtained town rights in the formal legal sense during the Middle Ages.
|
|
| 50. |
- Klackenberg, Henrik
(författare)
-
Skövde
- 1981
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
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