| 1. |
- Bask, Miia, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Inequality Generating Processes and Measurement of the Matthew Effect
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The first aim of this paper is to clarify the differences and relationships between cumulative advantage/disadvantage and the Matthew effect. Its second aim, which is also its main contribution, is not only to present a new measure of the Matthew effect, but also to show how to estimate this effect from data and how to make statistical inference. We argue that one should utilize the positivity of the natural logarithm of the largest generalized eigenvalue for a non-linear dynamic process as evidence when claiming that the Matthew effect is present in the dynamic process that generates individuals’ socio-economic life-courses. Thus, our measure of the Matthew effect focuses on the dynamic process that generates socio-economic inequality and not on the outcome of this process.
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| 2. |
- Bask, Miia, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Social Influence and the Matthew Mechanism : The Case of an Artificial Cultural Market
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We show that the Matthew effect, or Matthew mechanism, was present in the artificial cultural market Music Lab when social influence between individuals was allowed, whereas this was not the case when social influence was not allowed. We also sketch on a class of social network models, derived from social influence theory, that may gener-ate the Matthew effect. Thus, we propose a theoretical framework that may explain why the most popular songs were much more popular, and the least popular songs were much less popular, than when disallowing social influence between individuals.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
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Economic or Non-Economic Factors – What Empowers Women?
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microfinance programs like Self Help Group Bank linkage program (SHG), aim to empower women through provision of financial services. We investigate this further to determine whether it is the economic or the non-economic factors that have a greater impact on empowering women. Using household survey data on SHG from India, a general structural model is adopted where the latent women empowerment and its latent components (economic factors and financial confidence, managerial control, behavioural changes, education and networking, communication and political participation and awareness) are measured using observed indicators. The results show that for SHG members, economic factors, managerial control and behavioural changes are the most significant factors in empowering women.
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| 5. |
- Basso, Henrique S.
(författare)
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Delegation, Time Inconsistency and Sustainable Equilibrium
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes the effectiveness of delegation in solving the time inconsistency problem of monetary policy using a microfounded general equilibrium model where delegation and reappointment are explicitly included into the government's strategy. The method of Chari and Kehoe (1990) is applied to characterize the entire set of sustainable outcomes. Countering McCallum's (1995) second fallacy, delegation is able to eliminate the time inconsistency problem, with the commitment policy being sustained under discretion for any intertemporal discount rate.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China : a panel analysis using quarterly provincial data
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the long-run and short-run relationship between housing investment and economic growth in China using the quarterly province-level panel data for the period 1999 q1 to 2007 q4. Recently developed econometric techniques for panel unit root testing and heterogeneous panel cointegration analysis are employed. The empirical results provide clear support of a stable long-run relationship between housing investment, non-housing investment and GDP in China. We then estimate the long-run elasticity of GDP with respect to housing investment for the whole country as well as three sub regions. The variations across regions are detected and reasons for this fact are discussed. Based on the panel ECM, we show that there is bidirectional Granger causality between housing investment and GDP in both short run and long run for the whole country, while the impacts of housing investment on GDP behave strikingly differently in the three sub-regions of China.
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| 7. |
- Elinder, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Selfish and Prospective Theory and Evidence of Pocketbook Voting
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We present and test a theory of prospective and retrospective pocketbook voting. Focusing on two large reforms in Sweden, we establish a causal chain from policies to sizeable individual gains and losses and then to voting. The Social Democrats proposed budget cuts affecting parents with young children before the 1994 election, but made generous promises to the same group before the 1998 election. Since parents with older children were largely unaffected we use a difference-in-differences strategy for identification. We find clear evidence of prospective pocketbook voting. Voters respond to campaign promises but not to the later implementation of the reforms.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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The Labor Market Consequences of Gender Differences in Job Search
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies gender differences in labor market outcomes using data from an Internetbased CV database. The women in the database get fewer firm contacts than men, and we show that this is partly explained by differences in education, experience and other skills, is not explained by differences in occupation and place of residence, and to a large extent is explained by differences in geographical search area. When we take into account differences in search area, the negative gender effect disappears. However, the results differ somewhat across subgroups: For highly skilled women a negative gender effect remains.
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| 9. |
- Glans, Erik
(författare)
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Retirement patterns during the Swedish pension reform
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish pension reform of 1999-2003 provides an opportunity to study whether and how important economic incentives are for the timing of retirement. The new pension system provides a much closer link between contributions and benefits than the former system. I study whether the reform has led to delayed retirement by examining the retirement patterns of elderly Swedish workers that were differentially affected by the reform. I use duration analysis with annual data from the LINDA database. Discrete time proportional hazard models are estimated. The results show a remarkable decline in the retirement hazard among latter born cohorts, who were more affected by the reform. This implies that retirement is delayed. Most of the decline occurs among public sector employees.
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| 10. |
- Glans, Erik
(författare)
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The effect of changes in the replacement rate on partial retirement in Sweden
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Knowledge about how elderly workers react to changes in pension benefits is important in guiding the design of social security systems. This paper contributes to this knowledge by examining the effect of changed replacement rates on part-time retirement behaviour in Sweden. During the 1980s, older workers had the option of partial retirement with an income replacement of 65 percent. The replacement rate was lowered to 50 percent in 1981 and subsequently increased back to 65 percent in 1987. Estimates using a linear probability model with register data from the LINDA database suggest that fewer men and women chose part-time retirement after the reduction in benefit levels in 1981. There was an approximate 4 percentage point drop in the partial retirement propensity among eligible 60-year old men, and a 5.7 percent drop among women. This corresponds to proportional reductions in the retirement propensity by about 29 and 36 percent respectively. The probability of part-time retirement increased among men by about 3.5 percentage points once benefit levels were increased again, whereas the partial retirement probability of women remained largely unchanged.
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| 11. |
- Gustavsson, Magnus
(författare)
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A Longitudinal Analysis of Within-Education-Group Earnings Inequality
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a large Swedish longitudinal database for the period 1982–2005, I estimate and compare within-group inequality in persistent and transitory earnings among men with highschool and college degrees. Analyses of inequality over the life cycle reveal that experiencevariance profiles of persistent earnings are very similar across the two education groups and also consistent with standard human capital models of on-the-job training. Transitory earnings shocks display a marked U-shaped variance pattern over the life-cycle for both groups, but are clearly larger for high-school graduates and also account for a larger proportion of their overall variance. Analyses of changes in within-group inequality over time, holding life-cycle effects constant, show that high-school and college graduates have been subject to similar trend growths in both persistent and transitory earnings differentials between 1982 and 2005.
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| 12. |
- Hammar, Olle, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Global earnings inequality, 1970–2015
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We estimate trends in global earnings dispersion across occupational groups using a new database covering 66 developed and developing countries between 1970 and 2015. Our main finding is that global earnings inequality has declined, primarily during the 2000s, when the global Gini coefficient dropped nearly 10 points and the earnings share of the world’s poorest half doubled. Decomposition analyses emphasize the role of income convergence between poor and rich countries and that earnings have become more similar within occupations in traded industries. Sensitivity checks show that the results are robust to varying real exchange rates, inequality measures and population definitions.
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| 13. |
- Björnerstedt, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Stationary Equilibria in Bargaining with Externalities
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper studies infinite-horizon bargaining between a seller and multiple buyers when externalities are present. We extend the analysis in Jehiel & Moldovanu (1995a) by allowing for both pure and mixed equilibria. A characterization of the stationary subgame perfect equilibria in generic games is presented. Equilibria with delay exist only for strong positive externalities. Since each buyer receives a positive payoff when the seller makes an agreement with some other buyer, positive externalities induce a war of attrition between buyers.
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| 14. |
- Forslund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Prices, Productivity, and Wage Bargaining in Open Economies
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - Uppsala : Wiley. - 0347-0520 .- 1467-9442. ; 110:1, s. 169-195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the standard union bargaining model, unemployment benefits should have big effects on wages, but product-market prices and productivity should play no role in the wage bargain. We formulate an alternative strategic bargaining model, where labour and product-market conditions together determine wages. A wage equation is derived and estimated on aggregate data for four Nordic countries. Wages are found to depend not only on unemployment and the replacement ratio, but also on productivity, international prices and exchange rates. There is evidence of considerable nominal wage rigidity. Exchange rate changes have large and persistent effects on competitiveness.
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| 15. |
- ågren, Martin
(författare)
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Myopic Loss Aversion, the Equity Premium Puzzle, and GARCH
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper replicates the study of Benartzi and Thaler (1995), who sug- gest a behavioral explanation to the equity premium puzzle by myopic loss aversion. A technical extension to their methodology is suggested where con- ditional heteroskedasticity is incorporated when simulating returns, in place of the original temporal independence assumption. Swedish data is considered in addition to U.S. data. First, it is found that myopic loss aversion can explain the U.S. equity premium over bonds, although the obtained evaluation peri- ods are somewhat shorter than a year. For example, over the full U.S. sample period from 1926 to 2003, evaluation periods of seven and ten months are found using the original and the new approach to simulating returns, respec- tively. Second, myopic loss aversion suggestively explains the Swedish equity premium as well, which is new to the literature. Third, throughout the analy- sis of both data sets, longer evaluation periods are obtained under conditional heteroskedasticity. The last result indicates that myopic loss-averse and, in turn, cumulative prospect theory investors are sensitive to the distributional assumption made on returns.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Li, Chuan-Zhong, et al.
(författare)
-
Valuing urban accessibility and air quality in Sweden : a regional welfare analysis
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper is concerned with the implicit values of urban accessibility and air quality in Sweden. Based on the hedonic wage and rent theory, we construct an econometric model to compute such values, and illustrate their implications for regional sustainability analysis. It is shown that for most Swedish cities, welfare has increased from 1986 to 1998 due to improved air quality but the positive effect is partly offset by the deteriorated accessibility in some areas. The results also indicate that the values people place on urban accessibility and air quality vary considerably across regions.
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| 27. |
- Selin, Håkan
(författare)
-
The Rise in Female Employment and the Role of Tax Incentives : an Empirical Analysis of the Swedish Individual Tax Reform of 1971
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden reached the 2007 OECD average level of female labor force participation already in 1974. Before, but not after, 1971 the average tax rate facing the housewife was a function of the income of her husband. By exploiting a rich register based data source I utilize the exogenous variation provided by the individual tax reform to analyze the evolution of female employment in Sweden in the beginning of the 1970’s. Simulations suggest that employment among married women would have been 10 percentage points lower in 1975 if the 1969 statutory income tax system still had been in place in 1975.
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| 28. |
- Sepahvand, Mohammad H., et al.
(författare)
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Does revolution change risk attitudes? Evidence from Burkina Faso
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A popular uprising in 2014, led to a revolution overthrowing the sitting president of Burkina Faso. We investigate if individuals’ risk attitudes changed due to this revolution. Specifically, we investigate the impact of the revolution on risk attitudes, by gender, age and level of education. The analysis is based on a unique nationally representative panel Household Budget Survey, which allows us to track the changes in the risk attitudes of the same individuals before, during and after the revolution. Our results suggest that the impact of the revolution is short-term. Individuals become risk averse during the revolution but converge back to the pre-revolution risk attitudes, slightly increasing their risk taking, after the revolution is over. Women are more risk taking than the men after the revolution but are more risk averse during the revolution. In general, older individuals tend to have higher risk aversion than the younger individuals. During the revolution, however, the individuals with higher level of education are less willing to take risk.
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| 29. |
- Sepahvand, Mohammad H., et al.
(författare)
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Individual’s Risk Attitudes in sub-Saharan Africa : Determinants and Reliability of Self-reported Risk in Burkina Faso
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Risk taking is an important topic in Africa, as access to financial institutions and social security is scarce. Data on risk attitudes in Africa is limited and the available data collected might not be reliable. We investigate the determinants of risk attitudes and the reliability of survey data in a sub-Saharan country, like Burkina Faso. Using a large representative panel survey of 31 677 individuals, we analyze the determinants and the test-retest reliability for different risk attitudes in general, traffic and financial matters. Our results show that determinants such as individual’s sex and age are significantly associated with willingness to take risk. Women have more reliable risk measures compared to men, older individuals have more reliable risk measures than younger individuals and those with high education exhibit a higher reliability in terms of their self-reported risk attitude compared to people with low education. Reliability differs across risk attitudes; risk-taking in traffic has the highest test-retest reliability followed by willingness to take risk in general and financial matters.
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| 30. |
- Sepahvand, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
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Intergenerational Transmission of Risk Attitudes : The Role of Gender, Parents and Grandparents in Burkina Faso
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates the intergenerational transmission of risk attitudes for three risk domains in Burkina Faso. First, our results shows a strong transmission of attitudes from parents to children. Although, estimates from intergenerational transmission of risk attitudes in developing countries should not be compared directly with those from developed countries, our results goes in the same direction as previous literature from Germany. That is risk attitudes are transmitted from; parents to children, local enviorment to children and positive assortative mating of parents strengthens the parents’ transmission of attitudes to her child. Second we analyze three generations of risk attitude transmission. Our results indicates that it exist a transmission of risk attitudes from grandparents to their grandchildren. The strength and significance of this socialization decreases when we control for parents risk attitudes. Third, since there are strong gender roles in Burkina Faso, we test if mothers and fathers transmission of risk attitudes on their daughter is the same as on their son. We find that mother’s transmission of risk attitudes is stronger on their daughters than sons. For fathers the pattern is reverse. However, our findings show that it exist a heterogenity in the transmission of risk attitudes in male and female dominated risk domains. This gives support for the gender-specific role model hypothesis in terms of risk attitudes.
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| 31. |
- Sepahvand, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Sibling Correlation in Risk Attitudes : Evidence from Burkina Faso
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study uses sibling correlation to investigate the importance of parental and household characteristics on three different risk domains collected in a nationally representative survey from Burkina Faso. Sibling correlations are between 0.51 and 0.83. The correlations are higher in the general risk domain compared to risk taking in financial matters and traffic. Moreover, the sibling correlation is higher for the younger generation of siblings than the older generation, and for sisters than brothers. We also explore which factors drive these correlations; parents’ risk attitudes help explain these correlations, whereas socioeconomic outcomes, family structure, parental health and residential zone have only a limited contribution. We also find that gender is important in explaining the variation in sibling correlations. Mother’s have a stronger contribution on daughter’s correlation than fathers, whereas fathers help to explain the son’s correlation to a larger extent.
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| 32. |
- Aalto, Aino-Maija, et al.
(författare)
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Childcare - A safety net for children?
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We analyze how access to childcare affects health outcomes of children with unemployed parents using a reform that increased childcare access in some Swedish municipalities. For 4–5 year olds, we find an immediate increase in infection-related hospitalization, when these children first get access to childcare. We find no effect on younger children. When children are 10–11 years of age, children who did not have access to childcare when parents were unemployed are more likely to take medication for respiratory conditions. Taken together, our results thus suggest that access to childcare exposes children to risks for infections, but that need for medication in school age is lower for children who had access.
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| 33. |
- Adermon, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Job Polarization and Task-Biased Technological Change : Sweden, 1975–2005
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates the connection between the Swedish wage profile of net job creation and Autor, Levy, and Murnane’s (2003) proposed substitutability between routine tasks and technology. We first show that between 1975 and 2005, Sweden exhibited a pattern of job polarization with expansions of the highest and lowest paid jobs compared to middle-wage jobs. We then use cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of job-specific employment to map out the importance of routine versus nonroutine tasks for these changes. Results are consistent with substitutability between routine tasks and technology as an important explanation for the observed job polarization during the 1990s and 2000s, but not during the 1970s and 1980s. In particular, the overrepresentation of routine tasks in middle-wage jobs can potentially explain 44 percent of the growth of low-wage jobs relative to middle-wage jobs after 1990 but largely lacks explanatory power in earlier years.
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| 34. |
- Adermon, Adrian, et al.
(författare)
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Piracy, Music, and Movies : A Natural Experiment
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates the effects of illegal file sharing (piracy) on music and movie sales. The Swedish implementation of the European Union directive IPRED on April 1, 2009 suddenly increased the risk of being caught and prosecuted for file sharing. We investigate the subsequent drop in piracy as approximated by the drop in Swedish Internet traffic and the effects on music and movie sales in Sweden. We find that the reform decreased Internet traffic by 18 percent during the subsequent six months. It also increased sales of physical music by 27 percent and digital music by 48 percent. Furthermore, it had no significant effects on the sales of theater tickets or DVD movies. The results indicate that pirated music is a strong substitute for legal music whereas the substitutability is less for movies.
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| 35. |
- Aggeborn, Linuz
(författare)
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Voter Turnout and the Size of Government
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates the causal link between voter turnout and policy outcomes related to the size of government. Tax rate and public expenditures are the focal policy outcomes in this study. To capture the causal mechanism, Swedish and Finnish municipal data are used and a constitutional change in Sweden in 1970 is applied as an instrument for voter turnout in local elections. In 1970, Sweden moved from having separate election days for dierent levels of government, among other things, to a system with a single election day for political elections, thus reducing the cost associated with voting. This constitutional reform increased voter turnout in local elections in Sweden. The overall conclusion of this paper is that higher voter turnout yields higher municipal taxes and larger local public expenditures. Second, there is some evidence that higher turnout decreases the vote share for right-wing parties.
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| 36. |
- Ahlin, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Effects Of Decentralization On School Resources : Sweden 1989-2002
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has undertaken major national reforms of its school sector which, con- sequently, has been classified as one of the most decentralized ones in the OECD. This paper investigates whether school resources became more un- equally distributed across municipalities in connection with the reforms and if local tax base, grants, and preferences affected local school resources differently as decentralization took place. Using municipal data the paper studies how per pupil spending and the teacher-pupil ratio has evolved over the period 1989– 2002, separating between three different waves of decentralization. As nothing much has happened with per pupil spending, the teacher-pupil ratio has become more evenly distributed across municipalities. Municipal tax base affects per pupil spending in the same way regardless of whether the school sector is cen- tralized or decentralized, but has a smaller effect on teacher-pupil ratio after the reforms. The less targeted grants are, the fewer teachers per pupil do the mu- nicipalities employ. The results for local preferences are less clear cut.
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| 37. |
- Aksoy, Yunus, et al.
(författare)
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Lending Relationships and Monetary Policy
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Financial intermediation and bank spreads are important elements in the analysis of business cycle transmission and monetary policy. We present a simple framework that introduces lending relationships, a relevant feature of financial intermediation that has been so far neglected in the monetary economics literature, into a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with staggered prices and cost channels. Our main findings are: (i) banking spreads move countercyclically generating amplified output responses, (ii) spread movements are important for monetary policy making even when a standard Taylor rule is employed (iii) modifying the policy rule to include a banking spread adjustment improves stabilization of shocks and increases welfare when compared to rules that only respond to output gap and inflation, and finally (iv) the presence of strong lending relationships in the banking sector can lead to indeterminacy of equilibrium forcing the central bank to react to spread movements.
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| 38. |
- Alexius, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Can a time-varying equilibrium real interest rate explain the excess sensitivity puzzle?
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The strong response of long-term interest rates to macroeconomic shocks has typically been explained in terms of informational asymme- tries between the central bank and private agents. The standard mod- els assume that the equilibrium real interest rate is constant over time and independent of structural shocks. We incorporate time-variation in the equilibrium real interest rate as function of structural shocks to e.g. productivity and demand. This extended model implies that forward interest rates at long horizons move about 40 basis points as the short-term interest rate increases one percentage point. In terms of regressions of changes in long-term interest rates on changes in the short-term interest rate, including a time-varying equilibrium real in- terest rate explains about half of the puzzle.
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| 39. |
- Alexius, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Cointegration And The Stabilizing Role Of Exchange Rates
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We show that empirical results concerning the behavior of áoating exchange rates di§er between otherwise identical cointegrated and non-cointegrated VAR models. In particular, virtually all ten-year movements in nominal exchange rates are due to fundamental supply and demand shocks when long run equilibrium relationships between the levels of the variables are included in the empirical speciÖcation. Another major di§erence between the models with the opposite im- plication for the shock creation versus shock absorption debate is that non-fundamental exchange rate shocks have much larger e§ects on output and ináation in the cointegrated models. Finally, impulse re- sponse functions in the Örst di§erence speciÖcation die out within a year whereas adjustment to long run equilibrium continues for up to ten years in the cointegrated models. Hence a correct speciÖcation of the long-run equilibrium dynamics of exchange rates is essential for capturing also short-run behavior of exchange rates.
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| 40. |
- Alexius, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Exchange Rates and Asymmetric Shocks in Small Open Economies
- 2005
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- If floating exchange rates stabilize shocks rather than create shocks, a country that joins a monetary union or fixes its exchange rate looses a stabilizing mechanism. We use a first difference structural VAR on trade weighted macroeconomic data to study the role of floating ex- change rates for five "small open economies" with inflation targets. By including both domestic and foreign variables and using a combination of long and short-run restrictions, we identify asymmetric shocks more carefully than previous studies. Only in Sweden and Canada does the nominal exchange rate appreciate significantly in response to asym- metric demand shocks and depreciate to asymmetric supply shocks. Most exchange rate movements are caused by speculation and are not responses to fundamental shocks. However, these exchange rate shocks have negligible effects on output and inflation. Our findings indicate that exchange rates are neither stabilizing nor destabilizing but may be loosely characterized as disconnected from the rest of the economy.
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| 41. |
- Alexius, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Monetary Policy and Swedish Unemployment Fluctuations
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A widely spread belief among economists is that monetary policy has relatively short-lived effects on real variables such as unemployment. Previous studies indicate that monetary policy affects the output gap only at business cycle frequencies, but the effects on unemployment may well be more persistent in countries with highly regulated labor markets. We study the Swedish experience of unemployment and monetary policy. Using a structural VAR we find that around 30 percent of the fluctuations in unemployment are caused by shocks to monetary policy. The effects are also quite persistent. In the preferred model, almost 30 percent of the maximum effect of a shock still remains after ten years.
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| 42. |
- Andersson, Christian
(författare)
-
Teacher density and student achievement in Swedish compulsory schools
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyzes how student achievement is affected by resource increases in the Swedish compulsory school due to a special government grant that was enforced in the academic year of 2001/02. The analysis is based on register data that contains all students that completed compulsory schooling (ninth grade) between 1998 and 2005. The results show that socio- economic variables explain a great deal of the variation in student achievement. The study also shows that the increased resources have not had a statistical significant positive effect on the average student’s achievement. This conclusion holds true when different measures of student achievement are used. Increased resources have however improved student achievement for students with low educated parents. If teacher density is increased with 10 percent students with low educated parents are expected to increase their grade point average ranking with about 0.4 percentile units.
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| 43. |
- Andersson, Henrik
(författare)
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Ethnic Enclaves, Self-Employment and the Economic Performance of Refugees
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper I estimate the causal effect of ethnic enclaves on the probability of self-employment. To account for neighborhood selection I make use of a refugee dispersal program. Results indicate that larger ethnic enclaves, measured as the share of self-employed coethnics in the municipality immigrants first arrive into, effects the probability of self-employment positively, while the share of all other coethnics has a negative effect. Results however also indicate that there is a long term economic penalty to being placed with a larger share of self-employed coethnics, an effect which is partly mediated through the choice of selfemployment.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Ando, Michihito
(författare)
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How Much Should We Trust Regression-Kink-Design Estimates?
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a Regression Kink (RK) design with a finite sample, a confounding smooth nonlinear relationship between an assignment variable and an outcome variable around a threshold can be spuriously picked up as a kink and result in a biased estimate. In order to investigate how well RK designs handle such confounding nonlinearity, I firstly implement Monte Carlo simulations and then study the effect of fiscal equalization grants on local expenditure using a RK design. Results suggest that RK estimation with a confounding nonlinearity often suffers from bias or imprecision and estimates are credible only when relevant covariates are controlled for.
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| 46. |
- Ando, Michihito, et al.
(författare)
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The Risks of Nuclear Disaster and Its Impact on Housing Prices
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Economics Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1765 .- 1873-7374. ; 154, s. 13-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a data set on housing sales transactions we explore the potential effect of the Fukushima disaster on housing prices in Sweden. In contrast to most earlier findings in other countries we do not find any disproportionate effect from the Fukushima disaster on housing prices in vicinity of nuclear power plants in Sweden.
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| 47. |
- Angelov, Nikolay
(författare)
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Modelling Firm Mergers As A Roommate Problem
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We propose a way to model firm mergers using a matching game known as the roommate problem, whereby firms are assumed to make preference rankings of po- tential merger partners. The position of a firm in another firm’s ranking is assumed to be governed by an index, which in turn consists of a deterministic part and of a stochastic one, similar to the latent indices used in standard discrete-choice models. Given all firms’ preferences, game-theoretic mechanisms lead to a matching whereby each firm is either self-matched or assigned a merger partner. We derive expressions for the probability of a merger between a specific firm pair, and also a log-likelihood function for estimation using firm-specific data. Using a simulation in a setting with groups of three firms involved in roommate games within each group, the model’s finite-sample properties are examined.
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| 48. |
- Angelov, Nikolay
(författare)
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Structural Breaks In Iron-Ore Prices : The Impact Of The 1973 Oil Crisis
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates the time-series properties of the price of iron ore. The focus is on testing a unit-root null hypothesis against a trend-stationary alternative, with a structural break allowed under both hypotheses. We consider unit-root tests with or without structural breaks, applied on historical prices of five different qualities of Swedish and Brazilian iron ore. New and more accurate critical values for the exogenous-break tests are calculated, and several of the asymptotic tests are accompanied by their bootstrap counterparts due to the limited sample sizes.Using unit-root tests allowing for an exogenous structural break in 1973, the null hypothesis of a unit root is rejected for three of the five series. The sign and nature of the estimated breaks correspond to the state of the iron and steel industry during the first half of the 1970s. The bootstrap tests give results close to those from the asymptotic ones.
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| 49. |
- Anil, Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating Taxable Income Responses with Elasticity Heterogeneity
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We explore the implications of heterogeneity in the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) for tax-reform based estimation methods. We theoretically show that existing methods yield elasticities that are biased and lack policy relevance. We illustrate the empirical importance of our theoretical analysis using the NBER tax panel for 1979-1990. We show that elasticity heterogeneity is the main explanation for large differences between estimates in the previous literature. Our preferred, newly suggested method yields elasticity estimates of approximately 0.7 for taxable income and 0.2 for broad income.
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| 50. |
- Aronsson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Where Should the Elderly Live and Who Should Pay for their Care? A Study in Demographics and Geographical Economics
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a rich literature analyzing the problems that will arise as the share of elderly and retired in the population increases in the near future. However, the locational decisions among the elderly as well as their implications in terms of taxes/transfers and of allocation of responsibilities for elderly care between the federal and local levels have not received much attention. In this paper we aim at investigating these issues. For this purpose we explore a model where there is a big city and a set of small villages, and where congestion effects and agglomeration forces are at work at the level of the big city. We also assume that the population is divided between two groups of agents, workers and retired, which differ with respect to the degree of mobility. In the first part of the paper we study and characterize the inefficiencies that arise because of individuals’ free location choice in the context of a unitary government. In the second part of the paper we consider a fiscal federalism structure and we investigate the suitable instruments that are needed in order to decentralize the optimal allocation obtained under full centralization.
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