| 1. |
- Auckburally, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a method to measure regional perfusion of the lung in anesthetized ponies using computed tomography angiography and the maximum slope model
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 83:2, s. 162-170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To develop a method based on CT angiography and the maximum slope model (MSM) to measure regional lung perfusion in anesthetized ponies. ANIMALS 6 ponies. PROCEDURES Anesthetized ponies were positioned in dorsal recumbency in the CT gantry. Contrast was injected, and the lungs were imaged while ponies were breathing spontaneously and while they were mechanically ventilated. Two observers delineated regions of interest in aerated and atelectatic lung, and perfusion in those regions was calculated with the MSM. Measurements obtained with a computerized method were compared with manual measurements, and computerized measurements were compared with previously reported measurements obtained with microspheres. RESULTS Perfusion measurements obtained with the MSM were similar to previously reported values obtained with the microsphere method. While ponies were spontaneously breathing, mean +/- SD perfusion for aerated and atelectatic lung regions were 4.0 +/- 1.9 and 5.0 +/- 1.2 mL/min/g of lung tissue, respectively. During mechanical ventilation, values were 4.6 +/- 1.2 and 2.7 +/- 0.7 mL/min/g of lung tissue at end expiration and 4.1 +/- 0.5 and 2.7 +/- 0.6 mL/min/g of lung tissue at peak inspiration. Intraobserver agreement was acceptable, but interobserver agreement was lower. Computerized measurements compared well with manual measurements.
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| 2. |
- Auckburally, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pulsed inhaled nitric oxide delivery on the distribution of pulmonary perfusion in spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated anesthetized ponies
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 83, s. 171-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVETo measure changes in pulmonary perfusion during pulsed inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) delivery in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated ponies positioned in dorsal recumbency.ANIMALS6 adult ponies.PROCEDURESPonies were anesthetized, positioned in dorsal recumbency in a CT gantry, and allowed to breathe spontaneously. Pulmonary artery, right atrial, and facial artery catheters were placed. Analysis time points were baseline, after 30 minutes of PiNO, and 30 minutes after discontinuation of PiNO. At each time point, iodinated contrast medium was injected, and CT angiography was used to measure pulmonary perfusion. Thermodilution was used to measure cardiac output, and arterial and mixed venous blood samples were collected simultaneously and analyzed. Analyses were repeated while ponies were mechanically ventilated.RESULTSDuring PiNO delivery, perfusion to aerated lung regions increased, perfusion to atelectatic lung regions decreased, arterial partial pressure of oxygen increased, and venous admixture and the alveolar-arterial difference in partial pressure of oxygen decreased. Changes in regional perfusion during PiNO delivery were more pronounced when ponies were spontaneously breathing than when they were mechanically ventilated.CLINICAL RELEVANCEIn anesthetized, dorsally recumbent ponies, PiNO delivery resulted in redistribution of pulmonary perfusion from dependent, atelectatic lung regions to nondependent aerated lung regions, leading to improvements in oxygenation. PiNO may offer a treatment option for impaired oxygenation induced by recumbency.
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| 3. |
- Auckburally, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ventilation mode and blood flow on arterial oxygenation during pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide in anesthetized horses
- 2019
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 80, s. 275-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVETo determine the impact of mechanical ventilation (MV) and perfusion conditions on the efficacy of pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) in anesthetized horses.ANIMALS27 healthy adult horses.PROCEDURESAnesthetized horses were allocated into 4 groups: spontaneous breathing (SB) with low (< 70 mm Hg) mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; group SB-L; n = 7), SB with physiologically normal (>= 70 mm Hg) MAP (group SB-N; 8), MV with low MAP (group MV-L; 6), and MV with physiologically normal MAP (group MV-N; 6). Dobutamine was used to maintain MAP > 70 mm Hg. Data were collected after a 60-minute equilibration period and at 15 and 30 minutes during PiNO administration. Variables included Pao(2), arterial oxygen saturation and content, oxygen delivery, and physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio. Data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman ANOVA tests.RESULTSPao(2), arterial oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen content, and oxygen delivery increased significantly with PiNO in the SB-L, SB-N, and MV-N groups; were significantly lower in group MV-L than in group MV-N; and were lower in MV-N than in both SB groups during PiNO. Physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio was highest in the MV-L group.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCEPulmonary perfusion impacted PiNO efficacy during MV but not during SB. Use of PiNO failed to increase oxygenation in the MV-L group, likely because of profound ventilation-perfusion mismatching. During SB, PiNO improved oxygenation irrespective of the magnitude of blood flow, but hypoventilation and hypercarbia persisted. Use of PiNO was most effective in horses with adequate perfusion.
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| 8. |
- Essen-Gustavsson, Birgitta
(författare)
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Effect of triheptanoin on muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise in horses
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 70, s. 1043-1052
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To compare effects of corn oil or a 7-carbon fat (triheptanoin) on acylcarnitine, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism in plasma or muscle of exercising horses.Animals-8 Thoroughbred geldings.Procedures-Horses received isocaloric diets containing 650 mL of oil (triheptanoin or corn oil)/d for 18 or 25 days in a crossover design with a 26-day washout period. On day 17 or 24 of each feeding period, the respective oil (217 mL) was nasogastrically administered; 120 minutes later, horses performed a 90-minute submaximal exercise test (SET). Blood and muscle samples were obtained before oil administration and immediately before (blood only), during (blood only), immediately after, and 24 hours after SETs.Results-Compared with values before oil administration, triheptanoin administration increased plasma insulin and C7:0-, C5:0- and C3:0-acylcarnitine concentrations, whereas corn oil administration increased plasma NEFA concentrations. During SETs, plasma C7:0-, C5:0-, and C3:0-acylcarnitine concentrations were higher when triheptanoin, rather than corn oil, was administered to horses. Plasma glucose, NEFA, and C2:0-, C18:1-, and C18:2-acylcarnitine concentrations increased during SETs similarly for both oils. Respiratory quotient and muscle lactate, citrate, malate, glycogen, and ATP concentrations changed similarly from before to after SETs for both oils. Compared with muscle concentrations immediately after SETs, those for glucose-6-phosphate and citrate 24 hours after SETs were lower and for glycogen were similar to values before SETs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Fatigue was not associated with depletion of citric acid cycle intermediates for either oil. Triheptanoin induced a significantly higher insulin secretion and did not appear to enhance muscle glycogen repletion. (Am J Vet Res 2009;70:1043-1052)
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| 9. |
- Grubb, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide administration on pulmonary perfusion and arterial oxygenation in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 75, s. 949-955
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To image the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow by means of scintigraphy, evaluate ventilation-perfusion (V-A/Q) matching and pulmonary blood shunting (Qs/Qt) by means of the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET), and measure arterial oxygenation and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations before, during, and after pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) administration to isoflurane-anesthetized horses in dorsal recumbency.Animals-3 healthy adult Standardbreds.Procedures-Nitric oxide was pulsed into the inspired gases in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Assessment of V-A/Q matching, Qs/Qt, and PaO2 content was performed by use of the MIGET, and spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow was measured by perfusion scintigraphy following IV injection of technetium Tc 99m-labeled macroaggregated human albumin before, during, and 30 minutes after cessation of PiNO administration.Results-During PiNO administration, significant redistribution of blood flow from the dependent regions to the nondependent regions of the lungs was found and was reflected by improvements in V-A/Q matching, decreases in Qs/Qt, and increases in PaO2 content, all of which reverted to baseline values at 30 minutes after PiNO administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Administration of PiNO in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses resulted in redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from dependent atelectatic lung regions to nondependent aerated lung regions. Because hypoxemia is commonly the result of atelectasis in anesthetized dorsally recumbent horses, the addition of nitric oxide to inhaled gases could be used clinically to alleviate hypoxemia in horses during anesthesia.
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| 10. |
- Grubb, Tamara L, et al.
(författare)
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Physiologic responses and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses
- 2008
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 69:3, s. 423-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess physiologic responses and plasma endothelin (ET)-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult Standardbreds. PROCEDURES: Horses were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and placed in dorsal recumbency. Nitric oxide was pulsed into the respiratory tract for 2.5 hours, and then administration was abruptly discontinued. Just prior to commencement and at cessation of NO administration, and at intervals during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, several variables including PaO(2), mean pulmonary artery pressure, venous admixture or pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), and plasma ET-1 concentration were recorded or calculated. RESULTS: After cessation of NO inhalation, PaO(2) decreased slowly but significantly (172.7 +/- 29.8 mm Hg to 84.6 +/- 10.9 mm Hg) and Qs/Qt increased slowly but significantly (25 +/- 2% to 40 +/- 3%) over a 30-minute period. Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased slightly (14.0 +/- 1.3 mm Hg to 16.8 +/- 1 mm Hg) over the same time period. No change in serum ET-1 concentration was detected, and other variables did not change or underwent minor changes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The improvement in arterial oxygenation during pulsed inhalation of NO to healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses decreased only gradually during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, and serum ET-1 concentration was not affected. Because a rapid rebound response did not develop, inhalation of NO might be clinically useful in the treatment of hypoxemia in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
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| 11. |
- Haubro Andersen, Pia
(författare)
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Characterization of equine vitamin D-binding protein, development of an assay, and assessment of plasma concentrations of the protein in healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 78, s. 718-728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To purify and characterize equine vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) from equine serum and to evaluate plasma concentrations of VDBP in healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal injury or disease.ANIMALS 13 healthy laboratory animals (8 mice and 5 rabbits), 61 healthy horses, 12 horses with experimentally induced intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (IR), and 59 horses with acute gastrointestinal diseases.PROCEDURES VDBP was purified from serum of 2 healthy horses, and recombinant equine VDBP was obtained through a commercial service. Equine VDBP was characterized by mass spectrometry. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were raised against equine VDBP, and a rocket immunoelectrophoresis assay for equine VDBP was established. Plasma samples from 61 healthy horses were used to establish working VDBP reference values for study purposes. Plasma VDBP concentrations were assessed at predetermined time points in horses with IR and in horses with naturally occurring gastrointestinal diseases.RESULTS The working reference range for plasma VDBP concentration in healthy horses was 531 to 1,382 mg/L. Plasma VDBP concentrations were significantly decreased after 1 hour of ischemia in horses with IR, compared with values prior to induction of ischemia, and were significantly lower in horses with naturally occurring gastrointestinal diseases with a colic duration of < 12 hours than in healthy horses.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Plasma VDBP concentrations were significantly decreased in horses with acute gastrointestinal injury or disease. Further studies and the development of a clinically relevant assay are needed to establish the reliability of VDBP as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in horses.
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| 12. |
- Hoglund, K., et al.
(författare)
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Time-frequency and complexity analyses for differentiation of physiologic murmurs from heart murmurs caused by aortic stenosis in boxers
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 68:9, s. 962-969
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective - To investigate whether time-frequency and complexity analyses of heart murmurs can be used to differentiate physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by aortic stenosis (AS) in Boxers. Animals - 27 Boxers with murmurs. Procedures - Dogs were evaluated via auscultation and echocardiography. Analyses of time-frequency properties (TFPs, ie, maximal murmur frequency and duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz) and correlation dimension (T2) of murmurs were performed on phonocardiographic sound data. Time-frequency property and T2 analyses of low-intensity murmurs in 16 dogs without AS were performed at 7 weeks and 12 months of age. Additionally, TFP and T2 analyses were performed on data obtained from 11 adult AS-affected dogs with murmurs. Results - In dogs with low-intensity murmurs, TFP or T2 values at 7 weeks and 12 months did not differ significantly. For differentiation of physiologic murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS, duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz was useful and the combination assessment of duration of frequency > 200 Hz and T2 of the murmur had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 82%. Maximal murmur frequency did not differentiate dogs with AS from those without AS. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Results suggested that assessment of the duration of murmur frequency > 200 Hz can be used to distinguish physiologic heart murmurs from murmurs caused by mild AS in Boxers. Combination of this analysis with T2 analysis may be a useful complementary method for diagnostic assessment of cardiovascular function in dogs.
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| 15. |
- Ljungvall, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of plasma activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 72, s. 1022-1028
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To investigate whether plasma activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 was associated with severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) in dogs and to assess potential associations between MMP activity and dog characteristics, echocardiographic variables, systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration, and C-reactive protein concentration.Animals-75 client-owned dogs.Procedures-Severity of MMVD was assessed by use of echocardiography. Plasma activity of latent (pro-MMP) and active MMP-2 and -9 was analyzed via zymography. Plasma concentration of cTnI was analyzed with a high-sensitivity cTnI assay, and C-reactive protein concentration was analyzed with a canine-specific ELISA.Results-Pro MMP-9, active MMP-9, and pro MMP-2 were detected, but active MMP-2 was not. No significant differences were found in MMP concentrations among the 4 MMVD severity groups. Activity of pro MMP-9 decreased with decreases in SAP and was higher in male dogs than in female dogs. Activity of MMP-9 decreased with increases in left ventricular end-systolic dimension and with decreases in SAP and cTnI concentration. Left ventricular end-systolic dimension was the variable most strongly associated with MMP-9 activity. No associations were found between the activity of pro MMP-2 and investigated variables.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Plasma MMP-9 activity decreased with increases in the end-systolic left ventricular internal dimension and decreases in SAP Hence, evaluation of MMP-9 activity has the potential to provide unique information about the myocardial remodeling process in dogs with MMVD. (Am J Vet Res 201172:1022-1028)
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| 17. |
- Ljungvall, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Use of signal analysis of heart sounds and murmurs to assess severity of mitral valve regurgitation attributable to myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs
- 2009
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Ingår i: AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 70:5, s. 604-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To investigate use of signal analysis of heart sounds and murmurs in assessing severity of mitral valve regurgitation (mitral regurgitation [MR]) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Animals-77 client-owned dogs. Procedures-Cardiac sounds were recorded from dogs evaluated by use of auscultatory and echocardiographic classification systems. Signal analysis techniques were developed to extract 7 sound variables (first frequency peak, murmur energy ratio, murmur duration > 200 Hz, sample entropy and first minimum of the auto mutual information function of the murmurs, and energy ratios of the first heart sound [S1] and second heart sound [S2]). Results-Significant associations were detected between severity of MR and all sound variables, except the energy ratio of S1. An increase in severity of MR resulted in greater contribution of higher frequencies, increased signal irregularity, and decreased energy ratio of S2. The optimal combination of variables for distinguishing dogs with high-intensity murmurs from other dogs was energy ratio of S2 and murmur duration > 200 Hz (sensitivity, 79%; specificity, 71%) by use of the auscultatory classification. By use of the echocardiographic classification, corresponding variables were auto mutual information, first frequency peak, and energy ratio of S2 (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 82%). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Most of the investigated sound variables were significantly associated with severity of MR, which indicated a powerful diagnostic potential for monitoring MMVD. Signal analysis techniques could be valuable for clinicians when performing risk assessment or determining whether special care and more extensive examinations are required.
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| 18. |
- Mared, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of circulating concentrations of glucose homeostasis biomarkers, progesterone, and growth hormone in healthy Elkhounds during anestrus and diestrus
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 73:2, s. 242-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate whether circulating concentrations of biomarkers of glucose homeostasis, progesterone, and growth hormone in healthy female Elkhounds differ during diestrus and anestrus and to compare those findings with data from dogs of other breeds.Animals: 22 healthy female dogs of Elkhound breeds (known to have a high incidence of diestrus-associated diabetes mellitus) and 18 healthy female non-Elkhound dogs.Procedures: For each dog, a blood sample (12 mL) was collected once during anestrus and once 2 to 8 weeks after cessation of estrual bleeding. Serum or whole blood samples were analyzed for glucose, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, C-peptide, fructosamine, and glycated hemoglobin A1c concentrations. Homeostasis model assessments (HOMAs) of pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion were calculated.Results: In Elkhounds, C-peptide concentration and the HOMA for beta-cell function (markers of insulin secretion) were higher in samples obtained during diestrus, compared with findings in samples obtained during anestrus. The HOMA for insulin sensitivity was lower (albeit not significantly) during diestrus than it was during anestrus in Elkhounds. Markers of insulin secretion and sensitivity were similar during anestrus and diestrus in the dogs of other breeds. Serum progesterone concentrations were greater during diestrus than during anestrus in Elkhounds and non-Elkhound dogs. All other variables did not differ between diestrus and anestrus within or between the 2 breed groupings.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results provided evidence that circulating insulin concentrations during diestrus are higher than those during anestrus in Elkhounds, which could contribute to development of diestrus-associated diabetes mellitus.
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| 19. |
- Nagy, Aniko I., et al.
(författare)
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The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure accurately reflects both normal and elevated left atrial pressure
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 35, s. 1184-1184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is routinely used as an indirect measure of the left atrial pressure (LAP), although the accuracy of this estimate, especially under pathological hemodynamic conditions, remains controversial. Objectives The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the reliability of PCWP for the evaluation of LAP under different hemodynamic conditions. Methods Simultaneous left and right heart catheterization data of 117 patients with pure mitral stenosis, obtained before and immediately after percutaneous mitral comissurotomy, were analyzed. Results A strong correlation and agreement between PCWP and LAP measurements was demonstrated (correlation coefficient = 0.97, mean bias +/- CI, 0.3 +/- -3.7 to 4.2 mm Hg). Comparison of measurements performed within a 5-minute interval and those performed simultaneously revealed that simultaneous pressure acquisition yielded better agreement between the 2 methods (bias +/- CI, 1.82 +/- 1.98 mm Hg). In contrast to previous observations, the discrepancy between the 2 measures did not increase with elevated PCWP. Multiple regression analysis failed to identify hemodynamic confounders of the discrepancy between the 2 pressures. The ability of PCWP to distinguish between normal and elevated LAP (cutoff set at 12 and 15 mm Hg, respectively), as tested by receiver operating characteristics analysis, demonstrated a remarkably high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve: 0.989 and 0.996, respectively). Conclusions Although the described limits of agreement may not allow the interchangeability of PCWP and LAP, especially at lower pressure ranges, our data support the clinical use of PCWP as a robust and accurate estimate of LAP.
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| 23. |
- Svala, Emilia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta on expression of growth differentiation factor-5 and Wnt signaling pathway genes in equine chondrocytes
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645 .- 1943-5681. ; 75:2, s. 132-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To determine the effects of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 beta stimulation on expression of growth differentiation factor (GDF)-5 and Wnt signaling pathway genes in equine chondrocytes. Sample-Macroscopically normal articular cartilage samples from 6 horses and osteochondral fragments (OCFs) from 3 horses. Procedures-Chondrocyte pellets were prepared and cultured without stimulation or following stimulation with IL-6 or IL-1 beta for 1, 2, 12, and 48 hours; expression of GDF-5 was determined with a quantitative real-time PCR assay. Expression of genes in various signaling pathways was determined with microarrays for pellets stimulated for 1 and 2 hours. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect GDF-5, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 beta), and beta-catenin proteins in macroscopically normal cartilage samples and OCFs. Results-Chondrocytes stimulated with IL-6 had significantly higher GDF-5 expression within 2 hours versus unstimulated chondrocytes. Microarray analysis of Wnt signaling pathway genes indicated expression of GSK-3 beta and coiled-coil domain containing 88C increased after 1 hour and expression of beta-catenin decreased after 2 hours of IL-6 stimulation. Results of immunohistochemical detection of proteins were similar to microarray analysis results. Chondrocytes in macroscopically normal articular cartilage and OCFs had immunostaining for GDF-5. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-Results indicated IL-6 stimulation decreased chondrocyte expression of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway transactivator beta-catenin, induced expression of inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, and increased expression of GDF-5. This suggested IL-6 may inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway with subsequent upregulation of GDF-5 expression. Anabolic extracellular matrix metabolism in OCFs may be attributable to GDF-5 expression. This information could be useful for development of cartilage repair methods.
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| 24. |
- Truelsen Lindåse, Sanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diet-induced weight gain and turnout to pasture on insulin sensitivity in moderately insulin-resistant horses
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Veterinary Research. - : American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA). - 0002-9645. ; 77, s. 300-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVETo quantify insulin sensitivity and monitor glucose, insulin, and lipid concentrations in a group of moderately insulin-resistant horses during induction of obesity by use of a forage diet supplemented with fat and during subsequent turnout to pasture.ANIMALS9 adult Standardbred mares (11 to 20 years old).PROCEDURESWeight gain of horses was induced during 22 weeks by use of a forage diet supplemented with fat fed in gradually increasing amounts, followed by feeding of that fat-supplemented diet at 2.5 times the daily maintenance requirements. Horses were then turned out to pasture. Insulin sensitivity was measured with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method before and after weight gain and after 4 weeks at pasture. Body weight, body condition score, and cresty neck score as well as fasting and postprandial concentrations of plasma insulin, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, and serum nonesterified fatty acids were measured during the study.RESULTSBody weight typically increased by 10%, and body condition score (scale, 1 to 9) increased by >1.5 from the start to the end of the weight-gain period. There was no difference in insulin sensitivity or metabolic clearance rate of insulin during the weight-gain period. Four weeks at pasture generally improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic clearance rate of insulin by 54% and 32%, respectively, but there was no change in body weight or body condition score.CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCEFindings indicated that dietary composition played a more important role than did short-term weight gain on alterations in insulin sensitivity of horses.
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