| 1. |
- Agerström, Jens, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of social gender norms on parental leave uptake intentions : Evidence from two survey experiments on prospective fathers and mothers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 55:53, s. 6277-6293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate how social gender norms influence parental leave uptake intentions by conducting two separate survey experiments on prospective fathers (N = 877) and mothers (N = 882) in the UK. In a between-subjects design, we manipulate social gender norms by varying information on the average number of days that other fathers and mothers stay at home to take care of a child during the first year after childbirth. We find that when prospective parents (both genders) are exposed to the low staying-home-with-children norm, they plan less parental leave uptake compared to the control (no norm) group. When exposed to the high staying-home-with-children norm, men (but not women) plan more parental leave uptake compared to the control group. We discuss policy implications and suggest directions for future studies.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Ali
(författare)
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What is in a surname? The role of ethnicity in economic decision making
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Routledge. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 42:21, s. 2715-2723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reports results from two experiments that investigate possible incidence of discrimination against people with foreign backgrounds in Sweden. In the first experiment, participants played the trust game and the dictator game with co-players of different ethnic affiliation. The family name of the players was exposed to their co-players. Results for the trust game showed no significant discrimination against co-players with foreign backgrounds. On the other hand, the results for the dictator game showed a statistically significant discriminatory behaviour by men against co-players with non-European backgrounds. The discriminatory behaviour was solely a male phenomenon. In the second experiment, the dictator game was replicated to check the stability of the results in the first experiment. The second experiment also examined whether people with foreign backgrounds discriminate against other people with foreign backgrounds; that is, the purpose was to discover whether discrimination is systematic. The observations in the second experiment underlined the results found in the first experiment: foreign co-players are discriminated against by Swedish players. However, we did not find that people with foreign backgrounds discriminated against other people with foreign backgrounds.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Akay, A., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of religiosity and religious festivals on positional concerns - an experimental investigation of Ramadan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 45:27, s. 3914-3921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the effect of religion on positional concerns using survey experiments. We focus on two of the dimensions of religion degree of religiosity and religious festivals. By conducting the experiments during both the most important day of Ramadan (the Night of Power) and a day outside Ramadan, we find that Ramadan overall has a small and negative impact on positional concerns. Detailed analyses based on the sorting of individuals degree of religiosity reveal that the decrease in the degree of positional concerns during Ramadan is mainly explained by a decrease in positionality among individuals with a low degree of religiosity.
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| 5. |
- Almasri, Abdullah, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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A wavelet-based panel unit-root test in the presence of an unknown structural break and cross-sectional dependency, with an application of purchasing power parity theory in developing countries
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 49:21, s. 2096-2105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article introduces two different non-parametric wavelet-based panel unit-root tests in the presence of unknown structural breaks and cross-sectional dependencies in the data. These tests are compared with a previously suggested non-parametric wavelet test, the parameteric Im-Pesaran and Shin (IPS) test and a Wald type of test. The results from the Monte Carlo simulations clearly show that the new wavelet-ratio tests are superior to the traditional tests both in terms of size and power in panel unit-root tests because of its robustness to cross-section dependency and structural breaks. Based on an empirical Central American panel application, we can, in contrast to previous research (where bias due to structural breaks is simply disregarded), find strong, clear-cut support for purchasing power parity (PPP) in this developing region.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Camilla, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Formal microlending and adverse (or non-existent) selection a case study of shrimp farmers in Bangladesh
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43:28, s. 4203-4213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microcredit schemes have become a popular means of improving smallholders' access to credit and making long term investment possible. However, it remains to be explored whether the current microcredit schemes are more successful than earlier formal small scale lending in identifying successful borrowers. We studied shrimp farming in a rural region in Bangladesh where formal microlending is well established, but where more expensive informal microlending coexists with the formal schemes. Farmers - both those who exclusively use formal loans and those who also use informal loans - remain credit-constrained; both types overutilize labour in order to reduce the need for working capital. However, the credit constraint is actually milder for the informal borrowers: the implicit shadow price of working capital is substantially higher in the group that only takes formal loans than in the group that also uses informal loans. These results suggest that informal lenders - with their closer ties to the individual farmers - remain more successful in identifying those smallholder farmers that are most likely to use the borrowed funds successfully. Informal lenders have an information advantage that formal microlenders lack: the latter need to find routes to access this information in order for formal microcredit schemes to succeed.
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| 7. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-
(författare)
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’Never on a Sunday’ : Economic incentives and short-term sick leave in Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Routledge. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 37:3, s. 327-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a longitudinal data for about 1800 persons observed between 1986 and 1991, this study investigates the incentive effects on short-term sickness spells of two important regime changes in the social insurance system in Sweden implemented in 1987 and 1991. The results indicate that the rules influenced people’s decisions about when to report the beginning and ending of sickness spells. The 1991 reform, which reduced the replacement rate, had a stronger effect on reducing the duration of short-term absences than the 1987 reform, which restricted the payment of sickness cash benefit to only scheduled workdays.
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| 8. |
- Andrén, Thomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Employment Effects of Vocational Training Using a One-factor Model
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 38:21, s. 2469-2486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Matching estimators use observed variables to adjust for differences between groups to eliminate sample selection bias. When minimum relevant information is not available, matching estimates are biased. If access to data on usually unobserved factors that determine the selection process is unavailable, other estimators should be used. This study advocates the one-factor control function estimator that allows for unobserved heterogeneity with factor-loading technique. Treatment effects of vocational training in Sweden are estimated with mean and distributional parameters, and then compared with matching estimates. The results indicate that unobservables slightly increase the treatment effect for those treated.
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| 9. |
- Anxo, Dominique, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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The demand of part-time in European companies : a multilevel modelling approach
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 44:8, s. 1057-1066
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Part-time work is one of the most well-known « atypical » working time arrangements. In contrast to previous studies focusing on the supply side, the originality of our research is to investigate the demand-side of part-time work and to examine how and why companies use part-time work. Based on a large and unique sample of European firms operating in 21 member states, we use a multilevel multinomial modeling in a Bayesian environment. Our results suggest that the variations in the extent of part-time workers at the establishment level is determined more by country-specific features than by industry specific factors.
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| 10. |
- Arai, Mahmood, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Microdata Evidence on Rent Sharing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 41:23, s. 2965-2976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the effect of firm profits on wages for individual workers while focusing on the empirical complications associated with estimating the extent of rent-sharing. Controlling for worker and firm fixed-effects and using several instruments to deal with the endogeneity of profits, we report results indicating that Ordinary Least Square (OLS)-estimates strongly underestimate the effects of profits on wages. Moreover, the effect of profits on wages are estimated separately for firms with increasing and decreasing profits within a given time period. We find a positive and stable effect only in firms with increasing profits. This is in line with the idea that falling profits do not lead to wage cuts while increasing profits imply higher wages.
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| 11. |
- Aronsson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of locational choice in an empirical labour supply model
- 1996
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 28:5, s. 521-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An estimation of labour supply is modelled using the theory of urban household behaviour. The major purpose is to test the (implicit) assumption in previous labour supply studies that work travel and housing consumption are weakly separable from the hours of work. The results, which are obtained using Swedish data, imply that the hypothesis of weak separability is clearly rejected. We also find that the choice of location affects policy-relevant conclusions about the labour supply behaviour.
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| 12. |
- Asuman, Derek, et al.
(författare)
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Labour market consequences of an early-onset disability : the case of cerebral palsy
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The labour market consequences of early-onset or congenital disabilities have received little attention in the literature. In this paper, we study the consequences of cerebral palsy (CP), a lifelong early onset disability, and pathways through which it affects labour outcomes. We use data from multiple linked Swedish National Population Registers between 1990 and 2015 and apply both regression and mediation analysis. Our results show, as expected, strong negative consequences of CP on labour outcomes, and that the consequences have increased over time. The social insurance system, we find, compensates for some of the losses through non-work-related benefits. The results also suggest that the direct effects of CP per se have prominent impact on labour market outcomes. Thus, given the same level of mediators, persons with CP will have lower labour outcomes compared to persons without CP. Our results draw attention to the widening labour market consequences of CP in Sweden.
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| 13. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula
(författare)
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The Demand and Supply of Credit for households
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 39:21, s. 2681-2692
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The demand and supply of credit in the rural credit markets is investigated in this article using household data from India. The aim is to study the effects of household, farm productive characteristics and the policy variables on the demand and supply of credit. A type 3 Tobit model is estimated which corrects for sample selection and endogeniety bias. In addition, a generalized Double Hurdle model is estimated where the information on the household's access to credit is included to estimate the demand and supply of credit. The results suggest that the size of the operational holdings, net-wealth, dependency ratio, educational level of the household and the wages and output prices are important determinants of the demand and supply of credit for farm households. The Double Hurdle model confirms that the 'size of land owned' plays a crucial role in whether the household has access to a loan or not.
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| 14. |
- Bask, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Market power in the expanding Nordic power market
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43:9, s. 1035-1043
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine if the Nordic power market, Nord Pool, has been competitive or if electricity suppliers have had market power. Specifically, since the evolution from national markets to a multi-national and largely deregulated power market has taken place stepwise, we also examine how the degree of market power has evolved during this integration process. The Bresnahan-Lau method together with weekly data during 1996-2004 are used in the analysis, which shows that electricity suppliers have had small, but statistically significant, market power, but that the market power has been reduced as the Nord Pool area has expanded
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| 15. |
- Belu, Constantin, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic corporate social responsibility and economic performance
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 45:19, s. 2751-2764
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposes a novel Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) index based on a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model. Acknowledging the argument that companies might favour those CSR dimensions that provide strategic competitive advantages, we argue that the index can capture companies' strategic approach to CSR. Furthermore, our findings reveal a neutral relationship between this strategic CSR index and economic performance as measured by Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q, when controlling for firm unobserved heterogeneity and past economic performance. By contrast, an equally-weighted index of the same CSR indicators is found to be negatively related with ROA, which reinforces our claim that this specific DEA-based index is a measure of strategic CSR.
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| 16. |
- Binner, Jane M., et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of linear forecasting models and neural networks: an application to Euro inflation and Euro Divisia
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4283 .- 0003-6846. ; 37:6, s. 665-680
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Linear models reach their limitations in applications with nonlinearities in the data. In this paper new empirical evidence is provided on the relative Euro inflation forecasting performance of linear and non-linear models. The well established and widely used univariate ARIMA and multivariate VAR models are used as linear forecasting models whereas neural networks (NN) are used as non-linear forecasting models. It is endeavoured to keep the level of subjectivity in the NN building process to a minimum in an attempt to exploit the full potentials of the NN. It is also investigated whether the historically poor performance of the theoretically superior measure of the monetary services flow, Divisia, relative to the traditional Simple Sum measure could be attributed to a certain extent to the evaluation of these indices within a linear framework. Results obtained suggest that non-linear models provide better within-sample and out-of-sample forecasts and linear models are simply a subset of them. The Divisia index also outperforms the Simple Sum index when evaluated in a non-linear framework.
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| 17. |
- Bitzer, Juergen, et al.
(författare)
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A Schumpeter-inspired Approach to the Construction of R&D Capital Stocks
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Routledge. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 39:2, s. 179-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new method for constructing R&D capital stocks is proposed and tested. Following Schumpeter, the development of R&D capital stocks is modelled as a process of creative destruction. Newly generated knowledge is assumed not only to add to the existing R&D capital stocks but also, by displacing old knowledge, to destroy part of that capital. This is in stark contrast to the perpetual inventory method, which postulates a constant rate of depreciation. We compare both methods by estimating the impact of R&D and spillovers on output of 9 industries in 12 OECD countries, and find that the new approach leads to more sensible and robust results.
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| 18. |
- Bjellerup, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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A simple multivariate test for asymmetry
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor&Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 41:11, s. 1405-1416
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 19. |
- Bjuggren, Per-Olof
(författare)
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Marginal q revisited
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 48:1, s. 52-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two measures of firm investment behaviour used in the empirical research are Tobin's q (average q) and marginal q. The marginal q is a more recently introduced measure than Tobin's q and is not as well known. This article aims to demonstrate the advantages of using marginal q as a performance measure and is a response to an earlier critical article (Berglund, 2011) claiming an elusiveness bias. The pro arguments made in response are that the claimed elusiveness is not a problem. Furthermore, many of the evaluation problems inherent in the empirical use of Tobin's q, like estimation of replacement cost of assets, can be avoided. From a pure theoretical standpoint, it has long been recognized that marginal q is superior to an average measure of investment behaviour such as Tobin's q.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Brännlund, Runar, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating market efficiency without price data : The Swedish market for wood fuel
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Routledge Taylor Francis Group. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 36:1, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overall objective of this paper is to analyse the price development and price formation for wood fuel used by the Swedish district heating sector. According to Lnner et al., there is a significant potential for increasing the use of wood fuel in Sweden, at a fairly moderate cost. The basic question raised in this paper is then why this potential is not realized. Specifically, a methodology is proposed for testing whether the reason is that market imperfections are present. As a first step the shape of the technology in the Swedish district heating sector is estimated for the period 1989 to 1996. In the second step the estimated technology and the assumption of cost-minimizing firms are combined to calculate shadow prices, i.e. marginal valuation of wood fuel in this sector. If the average shadow price significantly deviates from the average observed price one may conclude that this market is functioning inefficiently due to imperfections. According to constructed bootstrap confidence intervals this difference is significant only for three out of eight years, implying that the quantities of wood fuel traded are too small. For the other years the difference is not significant, implying that one cannot, on statistical grounds, reject the efficient market hypothesis for all years.
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| 23. |
- Byström, Hans
(författare)
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The hedging performance of electricity futures on the Nordic power exchange
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4283 .- 0003-6846. ; 35:1, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Power Exchange (Nord Pool), the first multinational exchange for electricity trading, has existed since January 1996. Spot and futures contracts are traded on this exchange and its typical characteristics are very high volatilities as well as non-normally distributed returns. This article looks at electricity futures and how they can be used for short-term hedging of positions taken in the spot market. It studies the minimum variance hedge ratio and how it can be estimated in different ways. The traditional naive hedge and the OLS hedge are compared out-of-sample to more elaborate moving average and GARCH hedges, and the empirical results indicate some gains from hedging with futures despite the lack of straight-forward arbitrage possibilities in the electricity market. Furthermore, we find a slightly better performance of the simple OLS hedge compared to the conditional hedges.
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| 24. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic discrimination in hiring, labour market tightness and the business cycle : evidence from field experiments
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 50:24, s. 2652-2663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several studies using observational data suggest that ethnic discrimination increases in downturns of the economy. We investigate whether ethnic discrimination depends on labour market tightness using data from correspondence studies. We utilize three correspondence studies of the Swedish labour market and two different measures of labour market tightness. These two measures produce qualitatively similar results, and, opposite to the observational studies, suggest that ethnic discrimination in hiring decreases in downturns of the economy.
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| 25. |
- Dackehag, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
-
Social assistance and mental health : evidence from longitudinal administrative data on pharmaceutical consumption
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 52:20, s. 2165-2177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper adds to the small literature on the role of welfare benefits and mental health by studying the relationship between uptake of Social Assistance Benefit (SAB) and objective mental health measures. We use rich longitudinal administrative data on income, unemployment benefits and psychopharmaceutic prescriptions (antidepressants, anxiolytics, and hypnotics) for more than 140,000 Swedes in 2006–2012. Relative to earlier studies focusing on subjective mental health, an advantage of our approach is that we use longitudinal administrative data that do not suffer from non-response, under-reporting and self-justification biases. While we document a strong positive association between SAB and psychopharmaca consumption in ordinary least squares models, fixed effects estimates indicate that most of the association is due to unobserved individual-specific predisposition. Insofar as a relationship remains in the fixed effect models, it is driven by highly educated men. This result is consistent with earlier quantitative studies using survey data and with qualitative research suggesting that SAB uptake may be particularly stigmatizing for individuals with a higher initial socioeconomic position.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy and Cost of Regime Shifts in Inflation Policies : Evidence from New Zealand and Sweden
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 33:2, s. 217-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a comparative study of the regime shift in inflation policies in New Zealand and Sweden is performed. A nonparametric regression method is used to decompose the inflation time series into three components of variation: a long-term trend, a medium-term (cyclical and transient variations) trend and a short-term shocks component. This allows study of the transition process from the high inflation characterizing the end of the 1970s and the 1980s to the low inflation observed during the 1990s. It is found that in New Zealand, although it is initially delayed, the decrease in inflation happens at a faster pace than in Sweden. This may indicate that reforms were more efficient in New Zealand. A clear link is also shown between the rising unemployment and the transition from high to low inflation. Furthermore, while in New Zealand a downward adjustment of the unemployment rate happens directly after the transition period, in Sweden there seems to be persistence in high unemployment.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Eek, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
What determines peoples decisions whether or not to report sick?
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Applied economics. - : Routledge. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 37:5, s. 533-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish employees who are temporarily absent from work are compensated for the loss of income from the governmentally regulated sickness insurance. During the 1990s, when the societal costs for covering sickness absence raised dramati-cally, the sickness insurance underwent several changes, which raised questions about how people reacted to the changes made. This article is based on a survey where individuals were asked several questions about whether they would go to work or report sick, given that they actually felt ill. Respondents were asked the same questions under different hypothetical compensations. The results indi-cated strong effects of factors related to the financial loss of being absent on the propensity to report sick.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Eliason, Marcus
(författare)
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Income after job loss : the role of the family and the welfare state
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43:5, s. 603-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- That displaced workers suffer long-lasting earnings losses is a stylized fact, raising the question whether these losses are replaced by other means. For married men, increased labour supply by the wife may be one way. Another possibility is that the public welfare system offsets the same losses. I used a Swedish longitudinal data set containing married couples where the husband was either employed or made redundant in 1987 by an establishment closure. There was no evidence that husbands' job loss positively affected wives' annual earnings. Although husbands' utilization of unemployment insurance increased significantly, government transfers including also sickness insurance, disability insurance and means-tested social benefits, did not fully replace husbands' long-run earnings losses. Hence, displaced workers seem to suffer also from long-lasting losses in family income, which in many respects is a better measure of economic welfare than individual earnings or wages.
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| 33. |
- Engström, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Tax evasion and self-employment in a high-tax country : Evidence from Sweden
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 41:19, s. 2419-2430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-employed individuals have arguably greater opportunities than wage earners to underreport their incomes. This article uses recent Swedish income and expenditure data to examine the extent of underreporting of income among self-employed individuals. A key hypothesis is that underreporting of incomes among the self-employed would be visible in the data as 'excess food consumption', for a given level of observed income. Our results confirm the underreporting hypothesis. In particular, we estimate that households with at least one self-employed member underreport their total incomes by around 30%. Under-reporting appears to be much more prevalent among self-employed people with unincorporated businesses as among those with incorporated businesses.
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| 34. |
- Engström, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
The medical doctors as gatekeepers in the sickness insurance?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 44:28, s. 3615-3625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on a randomized experiment, we estimate effects from notification to medical doctors of tighter monitoring of their Medical Certificates (MCs). Both the time prescribed by the doctor certificates for sick leave (prescribed sick leave) and the impact on the length of the actual sickness absence (actual sick leave) is studied. We find no effect on the total number of prescribed sick leave days. However, we do find an increase in both prescribed and actual sick leave with a 25% work inability. We also find that the notification letter causes an increase in actual sick leave (i.e. the number of reimbursed sick days). We discuss a number of potential explanations for this rather surprising result.
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| 35. |
- Eriksson, Stefan, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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What are the Determinants of Hiring? : The Importance of Product Market Demand and Search Frictions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 49, s. 5144-5165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we study the importance of product market demand and search frictions for hiring. We use a search-matching model with imperfect competition in the product market to derive an equation for total hiring in a local labour market, and estimate it on Swedish panel data. If product markets are imperfectly competitive, product demand shocks should have a direct effecton employment for given levels of prices and wages. Our main finding is that product demand has such a direct effect on hiring. This highlights the importance of taking imperfect competitionin the product market into account in studies of employment dynamics and hiring. We also find that, for given levels of prices, wages, and product demand, the number of unemployed workersin a local labour market has a positive effect on hiring, suggesting that search frictions matter. Quantitatively, product demand shocks seem to be more important for understanding the variation in hiring than shocks to the number of unemployed workers.
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| 36. |
- Gerdtham, Ulf-G, et al.
(författare)
-
Health System Effects on Cost Efficiency in the OECD Countries
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Applied economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4283 .- 0003-6846. ; 33:5, s. 643-647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the effects of different health systems on cost efficiency in inpatient health care among the OECD countries. The results indicate that public contract systems are more efficient and that public integrated systems are less efficient than public reimbursement systems.
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| 37. |
- Gerdtham, Ulf G., et al.
(författare)
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Price and quantity in international comparisons of health care expenditure
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 23:9, s. 1519-1528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important omission from earlier cross-national comparisons of health care expenditure has been the failure to distinguish between price and quantity. Using recent data on purchasing power parities, the purpose of this article is to report some preliminary results regarding health care expenditure and quantity across 22 OECD countries. The article concludes that, contrary to what has been suggested in some recent articles, the relative price of health care is not correlated to the aggregate per capita income. The fraction of the national income that is devoted to health care provision increases with the per capita income regardless of whether health care is measured in terms of expenditure or quantity. The relative price of health care has a rationing effect on the quantity of health care that is offered, with a price elasticity close to minus one. The latter finding means that the health care expenditure is not greater in countries with higher prices. Furthermore, the differences in health care expenditure or quantity between countries persist after correction for the relative price and the income level. Part of these differences can be explained by differences in the definition of health care in the various countries.
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| 38. |
- Gerdtham, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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New panel results on cointegration of international health expenditure and GDP
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4283 .- 0003-6846. ; 34:13, s. 1679-1686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article tests for existence of cointegration between health expenditure and GDP using data from 25 OECD countries for the period 1960-1997. The empirical modelling is based on a heterogeneous bivariate vector error correction panel model that allows for trending data as well as intercepts and trends in the cointegrating relations. Univariate country-by-country and panel unit root tests generally fail to reject the null of a unit root in the health expenditure and GDP variables. Country-by-country results based on the Johansen multivariate likelihood-based inference indicate somewhat mixed results on country-specific cointegration with a rank of one found for 12 countries and a rank of zero for the remaining 13 countries. Application of a new panel test for cointegration rank with higher power than the individual tests indicates that health expenditure and GDP are cointegrated around linear trends.
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| 39. |
- Grau, Aaron, et al.
(författare)
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Land price diffusion across borders–the case of Germany
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 52:50, s. 5446-5463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land market regulations are often justified by the assumption that activities of foreign and non-agricultural investors drive up prices in domestic land markets. However, empirical knowledge about the dynamics of agricultural land prices across borders is sparse. Using the German reunification as a natural experiment, we study the effect of the former inner German border on the dynamics of agricultural land prices in East and West Germany. We apply a land price diffusion model with an error correction specification to analyse spatial agricultural land markets. A novel feature of our model is its ability to distinguish price diffusion within states and across state borders. We provide evidence for a persistent border effect given that the fraction of spatially integrated counties is larger within states than across the former border. Moreover, we observe non-significant error correction terms for many counties along the former border. From a policy perspective, it is striking to realize that even 25 years after German reunification, pronounced land price differences persist. It is quite likely that price diffusion through existing borders within the EU would take even more time given language barriers, different institutional frameworks, and information asymmetries between domestic and foreign market participants.
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| 40. |
- Gravert, Christina, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of the high school curriculum on school dropout
- 2016
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 48:54, s. 5314-5328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High school dropouts and their lower employment prospects are a major concern for developed countries. This article answers the question whether the high school curriculum has the potential to affect students’ dropout decision. Focusing on the curriculum is also motivated by the manifold curriculum reforms or reform initiatives worldwide. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design, we identify the effects of a curriculum reform on students’ probability to drop out of high school in the short run, i.e. for the first three cohorts graduating under the new curriculum requirements. The reform increased the curriculum requirements in high school, for instance, by reducing the freedom of choice in course selection. The results show that high school dropout rates increased for males and females alike.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Hacker, R Scott, et al.
(författare)
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Tests for Causality between Integrated Variables Using Asymptotic and Bootstrap Distributions : Theory and Application
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 38:13, s. 1489-1500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Causality tests in the Granger's sense are increasingly applied in empirical research. Since the unit root revolution in time-series analysis, several modifications of tests for causality have been introduced in the literature. One of the recent developments is the Toda-Yamamoto modified Wald (MWALD) test, which is attractive due to its simple application, its absence of pre-testing distortions, and its basis on a standard asymptotical distribution irrespective of the number of unit roots and the cointegrating properties of the data. This study investigates the size properties of the MWALD test and finds that in small sample sizes this test performs poorly on those properties when using its asymptotical distribution, the chi-square. It is suggested that use be made of a leveraged bootstrap distribution to lower the size distortions. Monte Carlo simulation results show that an MWALD test based on a bootstrap distribution has much smaller size distortions than corresponding cases when the asymptotic distribution is used. These results hold for different sample sizes, integration orders, and error term processes (homoscedastic or ARCH). This new method is applied to the testing of the efficient market hypothesis
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| 43. |
- Hacker, R Scott, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of Regime Shifts on the Long-Run Relationships for Swedish Money Demand
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 37:15, s. 1731-1736
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the possibility of an unknown structural break is allowed and it is taken into account we find a significant long-run relationship between Swedish money demand and its determinants that is not found when no break is considered. The estimated elasticities show that money demand is more responsive to its determinants in the period after the break than before. Possible underlying reasons for the occurrence of this break and its implications are explained.
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| 44. |
- Hammar, Henrik, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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The kilometer tax and Swedish industry-effects on sectors and regions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - London : Chapman and Hall. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 43, s. 2907-2917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles can be constrained by the risk of that higher production costs than competitors in other countries will negatively affect regions and industries of policy concern. We estimate factor demand elasticities in the Swedish manufacturing industry using firm level data for the 1990 to 2001 period on input prices and quantities. The results show that the introduction of a kilometer tax for heavy goods vehicles decreases transport demand and increases labour demand. The effects are less pronounced in terms of changes in output, though some industries (e.g. wood, pulp and paper) can be expected to be affected more than others due to their dependence on road freight transport. The regional dimension regarding the consequences of a kilometer tax seems to be small or even nonexisting.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Hansson, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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FDI, taxes and agglomeration economies in the EU15
- 2013
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1466-4283 .- 0003-6846. ; 45:18, s. 2653-2664
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an empirical analysis of the impact of tax differentials and agglomeration economies on foreign direct investment (FDI). The paper departs from most previous work on FDI and tax competition in a number of ways. First, it incorporates several measures of agglomeration in order to investigate whether agglomeration economies mitigate the downward spiral in tax rates. As the strength of agglomeration economies may vary with the degree of integration, we use a panel of bilateral FDI flows for a highly integrated region including countries with similar economic structure–the EU15–from 1986 to 2004. Second, the empirical analysis explicitly deals with the problem of selection bias by using the Heckman sample selection approach. Also, by focusing on the EU15, we are able to provide additional information on the determinants of FDI between similar, higher-income countries. The empirical analysis provides some evidence of corporate marginal effective tax rates having an impact on FDI. This result, however, is sensitive to the inclusion of agglomeration economies. In particular, we find both Marshall types of technological externalities and overall concentration of economic activity to have an influence on FDI flows and, moreover, mitigating the negative impact of taxes.
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| 47. |
- Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser, et al.
(författare)
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Can the LR Test Be Helpful in Choosing the Otpimal Lag Order in the VAR Model When Information Criteria Suggest Different Lag Orders?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 41:9, s. 1121-1125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this simulation study is to investigate whether the likelihood ratio (LR) test can pick the optimal lag order in the vector autoregressive model when the most applied information criteria (i.e. vector Schwarz--Bayesian, SBC and vector Hannan-Quinn, HQC) suggest two different lag orders. This lag-choosing procedure has been suggested by Hatemi-J (1999). The results based on the Monte Carlo simulations show that combining the LR test with SBC and HQC causes a substantial increase in the success rate of choosing the optimal lag order compared to cases when only SBC or HQC are used. This appears to be the case irrespective of homoscedasticity or conditional heteroscedasticity properties of the error-term in small sample sizes. This improvement in choosing the right lag order also tends to improve the forecasting capability of the underlying model.
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| 48. |
- Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser, et al.
(författare)
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On the causal nexus of remittances and poverty reduction in Bangladesh
- 2014
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Taylor and Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 46:4, s. 374-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to investigate the causal relationship between remittances and poverty reduction in Bangladesh over the period 1976 to 2010. This issue is of fundamental importance for the developing economy of Bangladesh. We apply newly developed methods by Hacker and Hatemi-J (2006, 2012) that are based on simulations and are robust to the violation of statistical assumptions especially when the sample size is small, as is the case in this article. Our estimation results reveal that causality nexus of poverty and remittances is bi-directional. We also find that the causal impact of poverty reduction on remittance is stronger than the reverse impact. This finding implies that Bangladeshi policy-makers can influence remittances through poverty reduction in the long run.
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| 49. |
- Hatemi-J, Abdulnasser, et al.
(författare)
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The Response of Industry Employment to Exchange Rate Shocks : evidence from panel cointegration
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Routledge. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 38:4, s. 415-421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the long-run relationship between employment and exchange rate shocks at the industry level for France. Using panel unit roots and panel cointegration analysis, it is found that the French industries are quite sensitive to exchange rate changes. The estimated long-run elasticities reveal that exchange rates do influence industry employment in the expected way, that is, real appreciations are associated with decline in manufacturing for all industries in the sample
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| 50. |
- Helms McCarty, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Mandated volunteering : an experimental approach
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 50:27, s. 2992-3006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study employs a novel experimental paradigm to examine crowdout effects in volunteering. Using a framework modelled upon money donation experiments, we examine the impact of ‘forced’ volunteering on the amount of time volunteered. We find that subjects exposed to forced volunteering on the mean voluntarily donate less time than subjects in the control condition. Among religious subjects, the crowdout is 52.8%, suggesting warm-glow giving. Among non-religious subjects, the crowdout is 138%, implying altruistic giving. Thus, policies mandating volunteer activity may be associated with sizeable crowdout effects and might have heterogeneous effects across subpopulations.
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