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- Esamai, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical presentation and diagnosis of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands of western Kenya
- 1999
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Ingår i: East African Medical Journal. - 0012-835X. ; 76:2, s. 89-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:The clinical presentation of cerebral malaria in children in the highlands has not been documented.OBJECTIVE:To describe the presentation of cerebral malaria in the age group one to twelve years.DESIGN:Prospective study conducted from May to September 1997, the rainy season during which malaria occurs in epidemics in the highlands of Kenya.SETTING:Paediatric wards of the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret which is the Teaching Hospital for Moi University and the referral centre for surrounding districts of Western Kenya, with an altitude of over 2000 metres above sea level.PATIENTS:Twenty three consecutive children aged one to twelve years with cerebral malaria as defined by the WHO were studied. All children were treated with the standard quinine regimen for cerebral malaria.RESULTS:Majority of the children were six to ten years of age with 95.7% having a normal weight for age. 91.3%, 89.5% and 72.2% had fever, headache and convulsions respectively. 68.1% had a short duration of illness (less than three days) with only 9.5% presenting with hypoglycaemia. Severe anaemia was not observed but 72% had mild to moderate anaemia. Hyperparasitaemia (parasite counts greater than 100,000 per microlitre) was found in majority of the cases.CONCLUSION:Cerebral malaria presentation in the highlands is similar to that among non-immune populations and is an acute fulminant illness presenting with coma, hyperparasitaemia, fever and convulsions in children with normal nutritional status.
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- Kemoli, Arthur, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural and traditional oral practices : implications on oral health of a kenyan cohort of maasai adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: East African Medical Journal. - : African Journal Online (AJOL). - 0012-835X. ; 99:8, s. 5122-5128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This is a review of a study carried out in Maasai Mara schools in January 2016. The project formed a part of “The Maasai Mara Science and Development Initiative” (MMSDI). We examined school children in the Maasai Mara North Conservancy for extraction of permanent mandibular incisors and primary canines, which form part of a long-held tradition in the Maasai community in Kenya.Objective: Review information on oral hygiene habits and examination of study participants, their oral hygiene procedures, and the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Aggregatibacter aphrophilus in their oral cavities.Data sources: Three publications in 2018 and 2021 on traditional dental practices, the prevalence of JP2/Non-JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and A. aphrophilus, and inhibition of leukotoxic activity by herbal plants used in oral hygiene procedures by children from Maasai Mara.Results and conclusions: The results obtained indicated that of the 284 participants used in the three studies, 61% of them had had their primary canines extracted, among whom a majority (95%) had two mandibular central incisors missing. The microbiological findings in saliva and plaque samples harvested from the participants revealed that 72% of the oral samples had A. actinomycetemcomitans, with three of them being positive for the highly leukotoxic JP2 genotype of this bacterium. The prevalence of A. aphrophilus was even higher, which may affect the virulence potential of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Most of the adolescents used commercial toothbrushes and toothpaste for their oral hygiene practice, but also plant-derived chewing sticks for daily teeth cleaning. Interestingly, all the participants used Warburgia ugandensis as the material for chewing stick, and in vitro tests showed that its extract efficiently neutralized the leukotoxin that is expressed by A. actinomycetemcomitans.
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- Kuremu, RT, et al.
(författare)
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Hydatid disease of the spine : Case report
- 2002
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Ingår i: East African Medical Journal. - : African Journals Online (AJOL). - 0012-835X. ; 79:3, s. 165-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A rare case of spinal hydatid disease presenting with paraparesis and sensory loss is reported. The patient was treated with albendazole resulting in significant improvement within eight weeks. Investigations and treatment modalities are discussed.
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- Macassa, Gloria, et al.
(författare)
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Inequalities in under-five mortality in Mozambique : differentials by region of residence and ethnic affiliation of the mother
- 2006
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Ingår i: East African Medical Journal. - : African Journals Online (AJOL). - 0012-835X. ; 83:5, s. 259-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To explore regional and ethnic differentials in under-five mortality in Mozambique in relation to other determinants.DESIGN: Retrospective follow-up study.SETTING: Mozambique.RESULTS: Compared to children of Xitsonga mother's, children of Emakua and Cisena mother's had a mortality risk of 1.47 (CI = 1.06-1.90) and 1.21 (CI = 1.00-1.62) respectively. The excess mortality risks were partly explained by demographic, household environment, socioeconomic factors including region of residence.CONCLUSION: Ethnic affiliation of the mother (measured by the first language the mother spoke) was statistically associated with under-five mortality in Mozambique. Children of mothers of Emakua and Cisena ethnic affiliations and living in the North and Central regions had the worst survival chances. The relation between mother's ethnicity and under-five mortality was largely explained by demographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors.
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- Menge, I., et al.
(författare)
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Paediatric morbidity and mortality at the Eldoret District Hospital, Kenya
- 1995
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Ingår i: East African Medical Journal. - 0012-835X. ; 72:3, s. 165-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over an 18 month period, there were 4,720 paediatric admissions at the Eldoret District Hospital in Western Kenya. The most frequent 20 diseases were identified and their respective case fatality rates calculated. Malaria was the most common cause for admission (33.0%) but the fourth most common cause of death with a case fatality rate of 2.2%. The overall mortality rate on the paediatric wards was 8.2% with 64.9% of the deaths occurring within the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Three-fourth of all admissions were due to four diseases: malaria, pneumonia, gastroenteritis and measles. Targeted interventional programmes aimed at these 4 diseases, coupled with a comprehensive primary health care system, would most likely result in much less morbidity and mortality for the children in the district. The systems for routinely collecting and storing medical records were found to be substandard, making it very difficult to accurately monitor morbidity and mortality.
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- Minja, B M, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic suppurative otitis media in Tanzanian school children and its effects on hearing
- 2006
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Ingår i: East African Medical Journal. - 0012-835X. ; 83:6, s. 5-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare different treatment regimens of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in school children, in regard to their consequence in hearing and discharge from the ear drum perforation. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Randomly selected primary schools within Dar es Salaam. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and twenty eight children between 5-17 years of age with CSOM in one or both ears. RESULTS: Three to four months after the onset of treatment 31% of group 1, 54% of group 2, and 56% of group 3, had dry ears. Treatment with dry mopping and boric acid in alcohol ear drops was significantly better than dry mopping alone. Adding amoxicillin to the treatment did not improve the end results. Hearing test performed before and after treatment showed that the hearing thresholds were the same or better after the treatment. The possible risk that boric acid in alcohol ear drops should lead to sensorineural hearing loss has not been confirmed. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, the treatment of choice for CSOM in children in Dar es Salaam should be dry mopping and boric acid in spirit ear drops.
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- Szepesvari, R, et al.
(författare)
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Re: Sexual life of medical students
- 1999
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Ingår i: East African medical journal. - 0012-835X. ; 76:11, s. 658-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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