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1.	Adamson, Göran, 1958-, et al. (författare) Feature-based Function Block Control Framework for Manufacturing Equipment in Cloud Environments 2018 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 57:12, s. 3954-3974 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ability to adaptively control manufacturing equipment in cloud environments is becoming increasingly more important. Industry 4.0, supported by Cyber Physical Systems and the concept of on-demand, scalable and pay-for-usage resource-sharing in cloud environments offers many promises regarding effective and flexible manufacturing. For implementing the concept of manufacturing services in a cloud environment, a cloud control approach for the sharing and control of networked manufacturing resources is required. This paper presents a cloud service-based control approach which has a product perspective and builds on the combination of event-driven IEC 61499 Function Blocks and product manufacturing features. Distributed control is realised through the use of a networked control structure of such Function Blocks as decision modules, enabling an adaptive run-time behaviour. The control approach has been developed and implemented as prototype systems for both local and distributed manufacturing scenarios, in both real and virtual applications. An application scenario is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the control approach. In this scenario, Assembly Feature-Function Blocks for adaptive control of robotic assembly tasks have been used.
2.	Agrawal, Tarun Kumar, et al. (författare) Demonstration of a blockchain-based framework using smart contracts for supply chain collaboration 2023 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 61:5, s. 1497-1516 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Blockchain technologies can support traceability, transparency and trust among participants. This has primarily been explored in established supply chains and not in the growing use of business networks or ecosystems, which is a notable limitation since supply chains typically are organised with a dominant actor that ensures common information systems and standards that negate blockchain benefits. Hence, this study explores the design of a blockchain-based collaborative framework for resource sharing using smart contracts. These are particularly well-suited for supporting operations in broader networks or ecosystems beyond supply chains with established collaborations and hierarchies. Based on a systematic literature review, a demonstrator framework was developed for stakeholder interactions through a procurement and distribution unit backed with blockchain technology. The framework consists of (a) network architecture to demonstrate partner interactions; (b) rules for network working principles based on supply collaboration requirements; (c) UML diagram to define smart contract interaction sequence; and (d) algorithm for smart contract network verification and validation. Applicability of these smart contracts was verified by deployment on an Ethereum blockchain. The demonstrator framework ensures quality and data authenticity in supply networks, so it is useful for effective resource utilisation in networks where outsourcing and production surpluses are major issues.
3.	Agrawal, Tarun, 1989, et al. (författare) Supply chain visibility: A Delphi study on managerial perspectives and priorities 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 62:8, s. 2927-2942 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Visibility across supply chains has been a key concern for organisations for many years, but the tools and information systems to achieve real-time visibility have not been available until recently. In response to uncertainty and complexity, advanced information and communication technologies have been explored for supply chain visibility (SCV). However, managerial perspectives are largely absent from the current literature. In response, this paper systematically documents managerial factors influencing SCV and information that should be collected and shared among supply chain partners for better visibility. A multi-stage Delphi analysis was conducted with 26 supply chain experts from various globally recognised enterprises with manufacturing units located worldwide. The results provide details on prioritised managerial perspectives and experiences within (1) factors affecting SCV (drivers, enablers, challenges and contingencies), (2) SCV content (supplier, internal and customer information) and (3) implications of SCV (capabilities and performance effects). One observation was that forecasting is not deemed as important due to severe disruptions in supply chains. Real-time visibility for better predictability emerged as the top priority. This study is among the few that empirically explores factors influencing supply chain visibility and generates new insights into why barriers can be difficult to overcome in complex supply chain settings.
4.	Alfredsson, Bo, 1962- (författare) 2-Machine and 3-Machine Flow-Shop Scheduling Problemns with Equal Sized Transfer Batches 1992 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 30:7, s. 1551-1574 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
5.	Amouzgar, Kaveh, 1980-, et al. (författare) Multi-objective optimisation of tool indexing problem : a mathematical model and a modified genetic algorithm 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 59:12, s. 3572-3590 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Machining process efficiencies can be improved by minimising the non-machining time, thereby resulting in short operation cycles. In automatic-machining centres, this is realised via optimum cutting tool allocation on turret-magazine indices – the “tool-indexing problem”. Extant literature simplifies TIP as a single-objective optimisation problem by considering minimisation of only the tool-indexing time. In contrast, this study aims to address the multi-objective optimisation tool indexing problem (MOOTIP) by identifying changes that must be made to current industrial settings as an additional objective. Furthermore, tool duplicates and lifespan have been considered. In addition, a novel mathematical model is proposed for solving MOOTIP. Given the complexity of the problem, the authors suggest the use of a modified strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm combined with a customised environment-selection mechanism. The proposed approach attained a uniform distribution of solutions to realise the above objectives. Additionally, a customised solution representation was developed along with corresponding genetic operators to ensure the feasibility of solutions obtained. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the realization of not only a significant (70%) reduction in non-machining time but also a set of tradeoff solutions for decision makers to manage their tools more efficiently compared to current practices.
6.	Angelis, Jannis, et al. (författare) Product service transitions in reverse 2017 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
7.	Axsäter, Sven (författare) A Capacity Constrained Production-Inventory System with Stochastic Demand and Production Times 2010 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 48:20, s. 6203-6209 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper considers a simple model of a capacity constrained production-inventory system with Poisson demand. The system is controlled by an S policy. The production time for a unit is modelled as a gamma distributed stochastic variable. Using M/G/1 queuing theory it is very easy to evaluate holding and backorder costs and optimise the ordering policy. The suggested model may be useful when evaluating investments in production.
8.	Axsäter, Sven, et al. (författare) Combining items for lot sizing in multi-level assembly systems 1987 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 25:6, s. 795-807 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Many manufacturing firms are faced with the problem of planning the production/purchase quantities for items in single product, multi-level assembly production/inventory systems. Such systems are characterized by a single product, or end item, used to satisfy customer demand, which is assembled from a number of component items which, in turn, may be assembled from one or more other component items, etc. Component items may be either fabricated or purchased. This paper identifies conditions on the cost parameters which, when applicable, allow items to be combined for purpose of optimization, thereby reducing the size of the problem.
9.	Axsäter, Sven (författare) Evaluation of lot-sizing techniques 1986 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 24:1, s. 51-57 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Standard lot-sizing models are often not directly applicable in practice. Different assumptions in lot-sizing models and the extent to which these assumptions are valid in various practical situations are discussed. Practitioners also tend to prefer simple standard methods even for complex problems, which means that adjustment of the lot sizes may be desirable. The ways in which such adjustments can be carried out are analyzed.
10.	Berling, Peter, 1973-, et al. (författare) Multi-echelon inventory control : an adjusted normal demand model for implementation in practice 2014 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 52:11, s. 3331-3347 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper presents an approximation model for coordinated control of one-warehouse multiple-retailer inventory systems, where all locations use continuous review (R, nQ) policies. The motivation stems from close collaboration with a supply chain management software company, Syncron International, and one of their customers. A core objective has been to develop an accurate method for determining near-optimal reorder points that can be directly applied to real-life systems. The approach is based on decomposing the complex multi-echelon problem into N + 1 single-echelon problems, using a near-optimal-induced backorder cost at the central warehouse. Important extensions made compared to earlier work include the addition of procedures to adjust for lead-time variability, and for undershooting the reorder point when customers’ order sizes vary. The result is a flexible model that is computationally and conceptually simple enough to be implemented in practice. A numerical study, including real data from the case company, illustrates that the new model outperforms existing methods in the literature. Compared to the current methods used by the case company, it offers significant improvements in both service-level fulfilment and system-wide inventory holding costs. Implementations of the model into the Syncron software are in progress.
11.	Bi, Z., et al. (författare) Internet of things (IoT) and big data analytics (BDA) for digital manufacturing (DM) 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; , s. 1-18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper aims to investigate the impact of enterprise architecture (EA) on system capabilities in dealing with changes and uncertainties in globalised business environments. Enterprise information systems are viewed as information systems to acquire, process, and utilise data in decision-making supports at all levels and domains of businesses, and Internet of things (IoT), big data analytics (BDA), and digital manufacturing (DM) are introduced as representative enabling technologies for data collection, processing, and utilisation in manufacturing applications. The historical development of manufacturing technologies is examined to understand the evolution of system paradigms. The Shannon entropy is adopted to measure the complexity of systems and illustrate the roles of EAs in managing system complexity and achieving system stability in the long term. It is our argument that existing EAs sacrifice system flexibility, resilience, and adaptability for the reduction of system complexity; note that higher adaptability is critical to make a manufacturing system successfully. New EA is proposed to maximise system capabilities for higher flexibility, resilience, and adaptability. The potentials of the proposed EA to modern manufacturing are explored to identify critical research topics with illustrative examples from an application perspective.
12.	Bi, Z. M., et al. (författare) Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems: The State of the Art 2008 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 46:4, s. 967-992 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, general requirements of next generation manufacturing systems are discussed, and the strategies to meet these requirements are considered. The production paradigms which apply these strategies are also classified. Particular emphasis is put on the paradigm of Reconfigurable Manufacturing System (RMS). Some key issues of the RMS design are discussed, and a critical review is presented concerning the developments of RMSs. Finally, suggestions of the RMS research are made and future research directions are identified.
13.	Bianchi, Mattia, et al. (författare) Developing software beyond customer needs and plans: an exploratory study of its forms and individual-level drivers 2019 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles. - 1366-588X .- 0020-7543. ; 57:12, s. 7189-7208 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Excessive software development is the tendency to develop new software above and beyond the requirements of the market and/or planned specifications. It is a widespread phenomenon involving both risks and flexibility advantages. As it represents a challenging dilemma for software developers, it is important to study its human origins. Drawing on the tripartite model of individual attitudes, this study investigates the influence of developers’s cognitive (intuitive and rational thinking styles), affective (emotional attachment) and behavioural (reliance on past experiences) traits on two forms of excess, beyond needs and beyond plans. Using survey data on 307 software developers, this study shows that different manifestations of excess are associated with distinct traits of software developers. Emotional attachment drives beyond needs excess. A positive (negative) association is found between relying on past experiences and beyond needs excess (beyond plans excess). An intuitive cognitive style fosters the inclusion of extra features in the new product scope, whereas a rational style might lead to developing one-size-fits-all software that targets the needs of a broad user base. These findings contribute to research on the development of digital new products and production technologies by offering a comprehensive yet fine-grained picture of excessive software development’s nature and drivers.
14.	Björklund, Stefan, et al. (författare) Compensation of systematic errors in five-axis high-speed machining 2002 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 40:15 SPEC., s. 3765-3778 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A method is described for the compensation of errors associated with tool path generation, particularly during five-axis high-speed machining (HSM). Information on machine tool performance and its dynamic features is used to calculate possible errors and convenient modifications of the NC program, thereby avoiding errors when parts are actually being machined. This 'preprocess method' by means of postprocessing with NC software is presented. The errors dealt with are mainly servo lag errors, but the explored approach can support most systematic errors associated with machine tool performance. These are briefly summarized. Research so far has largely been aimed at the implementation of compensation routines in the CNC controller and at corrections in real time. The problem is that most applications are only available for three-axis milling. The presented approach (compensation before machining by using software routines in a specially designed postprocessor) is based on a fuzzy logic expert system. The benefits can be summarized as data reduction, data improvement, precontrol of feed, and improved component accuracy. The applied procedure is also convenient for implementation in an industrial environment by retrofitting existing equipment. The suggested method provides improved control over machine dynamics, permitting high-speed machining centres to maintain a maximum or near-maximum feed rate despite axis reversals and tool path changes, even at corners. Two categories of results are presented, namely the management of NC data related to expected performance of the machine tool and improvements of the machine tool performance in terms of productivity and accuracy of the machined test components.
15.	Brander, Pär, et al. (författare) Cyclic lot scheduling with sequence-dependent set-ups : a heuristic for disassembly processes 2005 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 43:2, s. 295-310 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The importance of material and product recovery is steadily increasing, mainly due to customer expectations and take-back obligations. Disassembly is a major operation in material and product recovery, since returned products are often disassembled to separate materials and components. The paper considers the problem of scheduling several items on a single disassembly facility. It develops a cyclic lot-scheduling heuristic for disassembly processes with sequence- dependent set-ups, resulting in disassembly frequencies for the items. Additionally, the way the problem is formulated allows calculation of the profitable use of the facility. The disassembly frequencies and the profitable use of the facility are used to create a cyclic schedule.
16.	Brander, Pär, et al. (författare) Economic lot scheduling problems incorporating a cost of using the production facility 2009 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 47:13, s. 3611-3624 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper considers scheduling the production of several different items on a single machine with constrained capacity, commonly known as the Economic Lot Scheduling Problem (ELSP). Most traditional approaches for the ELSP consider the sum of the setup cost and inventory holding cost and provide cyclic schedules that minimize this sum. In practice, there are not only costs for setups and inventory holding, but also costs for operating the production facility due to e.g. electricity, service, maintenance, tools, operators etc, which depend on the number of hours the facility is operating per working day. In this paper, we modify the traditional cost function to include not only setup and inventory holding cost but also a time variable cost for operating the production facility. The paper shows it is possible to adapt a previous heuristic procedure to this complemented cost. The model can help to determine cyclic schedules and the number of production hours per working day.
17.	Bruch, Jessica, et al. (författare) Characteristics affecting management of design information in the production system design process 2013 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 51:11, s. 3241-3251 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Although it has been argued that the design of production systems is crucial, there is a general lack of empirical studies analysing and identifying resources and capabilities required for an efficient production system design process. One of these resources is the critical role attributed to design information and one such capability is how the design information is managed. To address this research gap, this paper reports the results from two in-depth case studies in the automotive industry focusing on the management of design information in the production system design process. Our results show that design information management needs to be understood as a multidimensional concept having three dimensions: acquiring, sharing and using design information. By focusing on the three dimensions, six characteristics affecting the management of design information when designing the production system are identified. The characteristics are information type, source of information, communication medium, formalisation, information quality and pragmatic information. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
18.	Buffington, John, et al. (författare) Development of a product design and supply-chain fulfillment system for discontinuous innovation 2012 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 50:14, s. 3776-3785 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Given the lengthy product development lifecycle process, high cost, and low success rate, many firms avoid considering discontinuous innovation strategies, in spite of their increase in frequency and importance in many markets. Even with advances in automation and technology, many of the techniques being utilised in product development are relatively unchanged, and the definition of discontinuous innovation itself lacks a structural component. To address this problem, the authors developed a methodology for generative customisation to implement discontinuous innovation. Using the emerging technologies of generative design and agent-based modelling, the authors developed a methodology to create product inventions and measure product innovations using a complex adaptive system (CAS) model. This appears to be the first model that represents a complex adaptive system environment to measure the success of discontinuous innovation in the development of a market equilibrium agent model.
19.	Cadden, T., et al. (författare) Understanding the influential and mediating role of cultural enablers of AI integration to supply chain 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 60:14, s. 4592-4620 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been claimed to offer transformational power across industries and sectors. To date, research has largely focused on the technical characteristics of AI and its influence on organisational capabilities. Despite the hype surrounding AI, there is a scarcity of rigorous research that examines the organisational and behavioural factors that foster AI integration in supply chains is lacking. This quantitative study addresses this gap in knowledge by developing a research hypothesis that examines the relationships between supply chain culture and AI. We extend the generalisability of culture to provide novel insights about AI-driven supply chains that have not been reported in previous studies. The findings demonstrate the influential role that cultural enablers have on the successful integration of AI technologies in supply chains, which has implications for operations and supply chain management.
20.	Cai, Ningxu, et al. (författare) Adaptive setup planning of prismatic parts for machine tools with varying configurations 2008 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 46:3, s. 571-594 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Setup planning for machining a part is to determine the number and sequence of setups (including machining features grouping in setups) and the part orientation of each setup. Tool accessibility plays a key role in this process. An adaptive setup planning approach for various multi-axis machine tools is proposed in this paper focusing on kinematic analysis of tool accessibility and optimal setup plan selection. In our approach, feasible Tool Access Directions (TADs) of machining features are denoted by partially sequenced unit vectors; The Tool Orientation Spaces (TOS) of different multi-axis machine tools are generated according to their configurations through a kinematic model, and represented on a unit spherical surface. Starting from a 3-axis-based machining feature grouping, all possible setup plans of a given part for different types of machine tools (3-axis, 3-axis with an indexing table, 4-axis, and 5-axis machines) can be achieved effectively by tool accessibility examination. The optimal setup plans are selected from obtained candidates by evaluating both their locating and grouping factors. A so-generated setup plan can provide not only the best coverage of machining features and the primary locating directions but the optimal orientations of the work-piece for each setup. Only prismatic parts are considered in this proof-of-concept study, and the algorithms introduced in this paper are implemented in MATLAB. A case study is conducted to validate the algorithms.Setup planning for machining a part is to determine the number and sequence of setups (including machining features grouping in setups) and the part orientation of each setup. Tool accessibility plays a key role in this process. An adaptive setup planning approach for various multi-axis machine tools is proposed in this paper focusing on kinematic analysis of tool accessibility and optimal setup plan selection. In our approach, feasible Tool Access Directions (TADs) of machining features are denoted by partially sequenced unit vectors; The Tool Orientation Spaces (TOS) of different multi-axis machine tools are generated according to their configurations through a kinematic model, and represented on a unit spherical surface. Starting from a 3-axis-based machining feature grouping, all possible setup plans of a given part for different types of machine tools (3-axis, 3-axis with an indexing table, 4-axis, and 5-axis machines) can be achieved effectively by tool accessibility examination. The optimal setup plans are selected from obtained candidates by evaluating both their locating and grouping factors. A so-generated setup plan can provide not only the best coverage of machining features and the primary locating directions but the optimal orientations of the work-piece for each setup. Only prismatic parts are considered in this proof-of-concept study, and the algorithms introduced in this paper are implemented in MATLAB. A case study is conducted to validate the algorithms.
21.	Cai, Ningxu, et al. (författare) GA based Adaptive Setup Planning toward Process Planning and Scheduling Integration 2009 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 47:10, s. 2745-2766 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Setup planning of a part for more than one available machine is a typical combinatorial optimisation problem under certain constraints. It has significant impact not only on the whole process planning but also on scheduling, as well as on the integration of process planning and scheduling. Targeting the potential adaptability of process plans associated with setups, a cross-machine setup planning approach using genetic algorithms (GA) for machines with different configurations is presented in this paper. First, based on tool accessibility analysis of different machine configurations, partially sequenced machining features can be grouped into certain setups; then by responding to the requirements from a scheduling system, optimal or near-optimal setup plans are selected for certain criteria, such as cost, makespan and/or machine utilisation. GA is adopted for the combinatorial optimisation, which includes gene pool generation based on tool accessibility examination, setup plan encoding and fitness evaluation, and optimal setup plan selection through GA operations. The proposed approach is implemented in a GA toolbox, and tested using a sample part. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is applicable to machines with varying configurations, and adaptive to different setup requirements from a scheduling system due to machine availability changes. It is expected that this approach can contribute to process planning and scheduling integration when a process plan is combined with setups for alternative machines during adaptive setupplanning.
22.	Castañé, G., et al. (författare) The ASSISTANT project: AI for high level decisions in manufacturing 2023 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 61:7, s. 2288-2306 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper outlines the main idea and approach of the H2020 ASSISTANT (LeArning and robuSt deciSIon SupporT systems for agile mANufacTuring environments) project. ASSISTANT is aimed at the investigation of AI-based tools for adaptive manufacturing environments, and focuses on the development of a set of digital twins for integration with, management of, and decision support for production planning and control. The ASSISTANT tools are based on the approach of extending generative design, an established methodology for product design, to a broader set of manufacturing decision making processes; and to make use of machine learning, optimisation, and simulation techniques to produce executable models capable of ethical reasoning and data-driven decision making for manufacturing systems. Combining human control and accountable AI, the ASSISTANT toolsets span a wide range of manufacturing processes and time scales, including process planning, production planning, scheduling, and real-time control. They are designed to be adaptable and applicable in a both general and specific manufacturing environments.
23.	Chai, Limeng, et al. (författare) Pricing strategy for B&M store in a dual-channel supply chain based on hotelling model 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 59:18, s. 5578-5591 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We use hotelling model to analyse store brands as a strategy for B&M (brick-and-mortar) retailers to combat showrooming. We investigate how national-brand product mismatch and store-brand awareness affect supply chain's performance. We reach four major conclusions. First, store-brand strategy may be an effective means for B&M stores to mitigate showrooming. However, it's better to introduce premium store brands. Second, the B&M store's profit grows - and the online store's profit declines - as national-brand product mismatch increases in breadth. When many consumers feel the national-brand product does not match their needs, a product positioning strategy for the store brand can help B&M retailers improve profit margins. Third, as national-brand product mismatch increases in depth, the B&M store's profit rises and online store's profit falls. If national-brand products lack many features that consumers need, a product differentiation strategy can be implemented to use store brands to fill in the gaps left by national brands. Finally, the growth of store-brand awareness will not necessarily benefit the B&M store. The impact of store-brand awareness on the B&M store's profit depends on the hassle cost factort, and a brand promotion strategy will reduce the loss of B&M retailer's profit.
24.	Chen, Shuzhen, et al. (författare) In-house versus outsourcing collection in a closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing technology development 2023 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 61:6, s. 1720-1735 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper develops a game model of a closed-loop supply chain consisting of one manufacturer, one remanufacturer and one retailer and investigates the long-term collection strategies of the manufacturer who needs to cooperate with the remanufacturer to develop the remanufacturing technology. The game model is developed from a fully dynamic perspective on the remanufacturing technology development and analyzed using the system dynamics method. We identify the trade-off in the choice of collection strategies: the early entry in the remanufacturing industry versus the complete control in the later stage. The simulation results show that when the entry barrier to the remanufacturing industry is low, the manufacturer can develop the remanufacturing technology in a short time and the direct reverse channel outperforms the indirect reverse channel; when the entry barrier is high, the manufacturer can achieve more profits under the indirect reverse channel by acquiring the remanufacturing technology directly from the remanufacturer. Moreover, the indirect reverse channel is more likely to be superior for low-barrier remanufacturing industry when the cost advantage is high as the early entry in the remanufacturing industry becomes more important than the complete control in the later stage.
25.	Cheng, Yuxiang, et al. (författare) Financing the newsvendor with preferential credit : bank vs. manufacturer 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 59:14, s. 4228-4247 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper examines how preferential credit based on retailers’ credit line impacts on capital-constraint retailer’s operational decisions. We consider a condition of loan competition when banks and manufacturers offer preferential credit to capital-constraint retailers in the newsvendor model. Different credit lines and discounted rates of preferential credit mainly involve in retailers’ exogenous collateral and risk preference of banks and manufacturers in our model. We investigate impacts of bank financing, trade credit, and portfolio credit (financing from both bank credit and trade credit with different ratios) on retailer’s inventory decision with different cases that the retailer’s financing amounts exceed credit line or not. We derive the equilibrium wholesale price, expected sale price, and order quantity when retailers face with different conditions of collaterals and institutes’ risk preferences facing with market risk. A debt-financed retailer favours items with trade credit compared to bank financing, especially in conditions when its sourcing demand is great and when it finances from high-risk preference institutes. Retailer prefers to using the loan with high trade credit ratio when he opts portfolio credit conditions.
26.	Christmansson, Marita, et al. (författare) Modified method time measurements for ergonomic planning of production systems in the manufacturing industry 2000 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 38:17, s. 4051 - 4059 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The paper reports on an evaluation of a method called ErgoSAM. This method is based on SAM, a higher-level method-time-measurement (MTM) system, and is for use by production planners, e.g. production engineers. In addition to the SAM information, the ErgoSAM method considers information on weight handled or forces applied, and work zone. The method is designed to predict the physical demands of work postures, force and repetitivity, according to a scientific model, the Cube model. In co-operation with the Volvo Car Corporation, six workstations of an assembly line, were analysed by a production engineer using ErgoSAM. The total assembly time analysed was about 17 minutes. The results were compared to results from ergonomic analyses made by an ergonomist using the Volvo Car Corporations standards. The results showed that ErgoSAM predicts work situations of high physical stress for the workers. However, the method does not consider stressful positions for the hand, wrist and neck or mental stress. The production engineer judged the ErgoSAM analyses to require about 5% more time than SAM analyses alone. It is concluded that the method shows considerable promise for predicting physically stressful work situations, but needs to be further evaluated and refined.
27.	Colledani, M., et al. (författare) Analytical methods to support continuous improvements at Scania 2010 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 48:7, s. 1913-1945 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Considerable effort is usually devoted by companies to ensure the competitiveness of their manufacturing systems. This makes continuous improvement a central topic in production management activities. Less attention is given to the methods that drive improvement and to the way actions are defined and selected. In the literature, analytical models and simulation are the most widely used tools for manufacturing systems' performance evaluation and improvement. In practice, simple approaches, mainly based on experience, seems to be the best compromise to face this problem. In a collaboration project between Politecnico di Milano ( Milano, Italy), Kungliga Tekniska hogskolan ( Stockholm, Sweden) and Scania CV AB (Sodertalje, Sweden) within the European Network of Excellence VRL-KCiP we proposed a new methodology, based on analytical methods, to support the company in manufacturing system productivity improvement through re-configuration. The application of this approach to the Scania six-cylinder engine-block machining line enabled a remarkable increment in throughput by selecting analytically the most suitable improvement actions.
28.	de Giorgio, Andrea, Dr Eng., et al. (författare) Measuring the effect of automatically authored video aid on assembly time for procedural knowledge transfer among operators in adaptive assembly stations 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Can automatically-authored videos of industrial operators help other operators to learn procedural tasks? This question is relevant to the advent of the industrial internet of things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0, where smart machines to help human operators rather than replacing them, in order to benefit from the best of humans and machines. The study considers an industrial ecosystem where procedural knowledge (PK) is quickly and effectively transferred from one operator to another. Assembly tasks are procedural in nature and present a certain complexity that still does not allow machines and their sensors to capture all the details of the operations. Especially if the assembly operation is adaptive and not fixed in terms of assembly sequence plan. In order to help the operators, videos of other operators executing the complex procedural tasks can be automatically recorded and authored from machines. This study shows by means of statistical design and analysis of experiments that expert aid, provided before each subassembly, can reduce the assembly time of an untrained operator, whereas automatically authored video aids can transfer PK but producing an opposite effect on the assembly time. Therefore, hybrid training methods are still necessary and trade-offs have to be considered. Managerial insights from the results suggest an unneglectable impact of the choice to digitize industrial operations too early. The experimental studies presented can act as guidelines for the correct statistical testing of innovative solutions in industry.
29.	Disney, S. M., et al. (författare) Economic consequences of a production and inventory control policy 2004 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 42:17, s. 3419-3431 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The economic performance of a generalized Order-Up-To policy is investigated in response to an Auto Regressive stochastic demand process. Focus is on the case where the physical production/distribution lead time is one period and where demand is forecasted with simple exponential smoothing. Two sets of convex piece-wise linear costs are considered. The first set is the traditional inventory holding and backlog costs. The second set of costs is piece-wise linear and increasing convex costs associated with the production order rate within and above a capacity constraint. Numerical investigations reveal that the classical Order-Up-To policy is no longer optimal when a broader range of costs is considered in the objective function.
30.	Eslami, Mohammad H., 1985-, et al. (författare) Financial performance and supply chain dynamic capabilities : the Moderating Role of Industry 4.0 technologies 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Industry 4.0 digital technologies are becoming indispensable for firms striving to enhance their supply chain capabilities and financial performance, but how these relationships play out in practice remains unclear. To address this issue, this study assesses the relationship between supply chain integration, supply chain agility, and financial performance from a dynamic capability perspective. Further analyses are conducted to establish whether Industry 4.0 digital technologies moderate the association between (a) supply chain integration and supply chain agility and (b) supply chain agility and financial performance. Findings based on the data pertaining to a sample of 274 Swedish manufacturing firms indicate that supply chain agility fully mediates the link between supply chain integration and financial performance. However, while Industry 4.0 digital technologies strengthen the effect of supply chain agility on financial performance, they do not moderate the relationship between supply chain integration and supply chain agility. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate regarding how digital technologies play a role in achieving competitive advantage in interplay with dynamic capabilities related to the supply chain. These findings are relevant for decision-makers, as they address the need for organisational adjustments beyond the mere introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies to fully reap their benefits.
31.	Fager, Patrik, 1988, et al. (författare) Cost modelling of onboard cobot-supported item sorting in a picking system 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 59:11, s. 3269-3284 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract For manual picking processes in warehouses and assembly line feeding, collaborative robots–cobots–hold a potential to support operators and, thereby, enhance performance. However, studies focused on the economic aspects of cobot applications have been scarce. The present paper aims at modelling a new picking system, in which human operators collaborate with cobots during picking (or kitting) activities. It is considered the case of having a cobot on board of the picking trolley or cart, working in parallel with the picker by performing sorting of the picked items. The paper focuses on the economic aspects of this application and presents a model of the relative cost difference between a manual and a cobot-supported process, accounting for the costs associated with operators, equipment, and quality. The relative cost difference is analysed in a numerical example. The findings suggest that the decision to use a cobot sorting mode is robust when there is considerable sorting work to carry out, for example, when there are higher yearly order volumes to handle, and when higher order commonality among orders processed as a batch can be achieved. Future research should focus on implementation challenges and safety issues associated with cobot-supported picking processes.
32.	Fager, Patrik, 1988, et al. (författare) Links between kit quality and kit preparation design 2021 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 58:18, s. 5525-5539 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Kitting is a materials-feeding principle commonly used with mixed-model assembly, but literature is lacking with respect to how kit quality can be supported. The purpose of this paper is to create an understanding of the links between kit preparation design aspects and kit preparation error types, that can be useful to support kit quality. The paper draws on empirical data from a multiple case study in the automotive industry to study how typical kit errors are linked to eight kit preparation design aspects: location, work organisation, storage policy, batching policy, storage packaging, kit carrier and container, picking information system, and error communication. The findings suggest several opportunities related to kit preparation design aspects for preventing kit errors and facilitating kit error corrections. The paper extends earlier knowledge and can support kit quality of industrial kit preparation.
33.	Falck, Ann-Christine, 1949, et al. (författare) Assessment of manual assembly complexity: a theoretical and empirical comparison of two methods 2017 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 55:24, s. 7237-7250 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There are several theoretical methods for assessment of assembly complexity but there are few practically applicable methods. One of the methods, CompleXity Index (CXI), aims at assessing operators´ perception of manual assembly complexity in running production. Another recently developed method, Basic Assembly Complexity (CXB) is intended for predictive assessment of basic manual assembly complexity in early product and production development. Both CXI and CXB aim to improve assembly conditions for operators, reduce assembly-related errors and the costs for corrective measures as well as increase assembly quality although in different ways and at different organizational levels and life cycle stages. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods to obtain feedback and learn from operators experience in order to develop better predictive assessment criteria. The method comparison showed that about 50% of the CXB assessment approaches were similar to CXI but other covered different aspects. In comparison of the complexity values of the methods no significant results were obtained. However, some CXI issues that were not taken into account in CXB should be considered. CXB and CXI could be used in conjunction but further assessment criteria are probably needed.
34.	Falck, Ann-Christine, 1949, et al. (författare) Proactive assessment of basic complexity in manual assembly: development of a tool to predict and control operator-induced quality errors 2017 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 55:15, s. 4248-4260 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A major challenge for manufacturing companies today is to manage a huge amount of product variants and build options at the same time in manufacturing engineering and in production. The overall complexity and risk of quality errors in manual assembly will increase placing high demands on the operators who must manage many different tasks in current production. Therefore methods for decreasing and controlling assembly complexity are urgent because managing complex product and installation conditions will result in distinct competitive advantages. The objective of this paper is to present a method for predictive assessment of basic manual assembly complexity and explain how included complexity criteria were arrived at. The verified method includes sixteen high complexity and sixteen low complexity criteria to aid designers in preventing costly errors during assembly and create good basic assembly conditions in early design phases of new manufacturing concepts
35.	Fargnoli, Mario, et al. (författare) PSS Modularization : A Customer Driven Integrated Approach 2019 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 57:13, s. 4061-4077 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The shift from product ownership to integrated solutions (Product-Service Systems (PSSs)) is expected to lead to a highercustomer satisfaction in many cases compared to providing products and services separately. PSS providers are requiredto add more value to the products they offer, as well as to augment and diversify the services related to these products.To deal with this complex task, this paper proposes a practical methodology to support manufacturers in designingservices related to the proper functioning of their products fulfilling customers’ needs and expectations. This approach isbased on the synergic use of Quality Function Deployment for PSS (QFDforPSS), Axiomatic Design (AD) and theservice blueprint tools, providing a correlation between the customers’ expectations, the PSS components and the PSSmodules. The methodology was verified by means of a service modularisation for PSS at a company operating in thebiomedical sector. While the proposed approach needs to be validated through further studies in different contexts, itspositive results in reducing both the risk of overdesigning and the possibility of creating design conflicts can contributepractically to the scientific knowledge on the development of integrated solutions.
36.	Farooqui, Ashfaq Hussain, 1990, et al. (författare) Towards data-driven approaches in manufacturing: an architecture to collect sequences of operations 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 58:16, s. 4947-4963 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. The technological advancements of recent years have increased the complexity of manufacturing systems, and the ongoing transformation to Industry 4.0 will further aggravate the situation. This is leading to a point where existing systems on the factory floor get outdated, increasing the gap between existing technologies and state-of-the-art systems, making them incompatible. This paper presents an event-based data pipeline architecture, that can be applied to legacy systems as well as new state-of-the-art systems, to collect data from the factory floor. In the presented architecture, actions executed by the resources are converted to event streams, which are then transformed into an abstraction called operations. These operations correspond to the tasks performed in the manufacturing station. A sequence of these operations recount the task performed by the station. We demonstrate the usability of the collected data by using conformance analysis to detect when the manufacturing system has deviated from its defined model. The described architecture is developed in Sequence Planner–a tool for modelling and analysing production systems–and is currently implemented at an automotive company as a pilot project.
37.	Feldmann, Andreas, 1981-, et al. (författare) Linking networks and plant roles : The impact of changing a plant role 2013 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 51:19, s. 5696-5710 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Many manufacturing firms are expanding their global footprint to explore new opportunities for efficient and effective production. The strategic perspective on international manufacturing networks involves both the network level and the plant level. A key aspect is the relationship between the network and the role of plants. In this research, we investigate the relationship between the network and plant perspectives in international manufacturing networks. We use an embedded case study that includes five plants in two product networks over a period of three years. We analyse how changing the role of one plant affects the network as well as the roles of the other plants in the networks. We find that decisions on plant roles are, to a very high degree, network decisions and not decisions for individual plants. Based on the insights into the case study, we also develop a framework for mapping manufacturing networks, including market coverage, plant location and site competence.
38.	Finnsgård, Christian, 1974, et al. (författare) Factors impacting manual picking on assembly lines: An experiment in the automotive industry 2013 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 51:6, s. 1789-1798 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Manual picking on assembly lines is an important part of the assembly operator’s work. In the automotive industry, alternative material exposure strategies are continually evaluated in order to facilitate the assembler’s work and minimize non-value-adding time, resulting in increased use of smaller bins or containers at workstations, instead of large pallets. The assembly operator’s retrieval of components from bins, containers or pallets is known as manual picking. Previous work in this area has focused on picking from pallets placed on the floor; therefore, there is a need to include other forms of materials exposure. The purpose of this paper is to explain what materials exposure factors have an impact on manual picking times on assembly lines. A full factorial experiment, testing seven factors in 128 experiments, was conducted in an automotive assembly line setting. The factors with the greatest impact on manual picking time were packaging type; angle of exposure; height of exposure; and part size. This study contributes by addressing the importance of six factors influencing manual picking times, enhancing knowledge derived from MTM and elsewhere. The results from this study can be useful for designing manual picking operations, not just at assembly lines but also other situations were discrete manual picking occurs such as workstations or bench assembly. Managerial contributions are evident in the examination of factors important in designing new production systems, including materials supply processes and assembly processes. A further managerial application is use of the results in managing assembly lines.
39.	Finnsgård, Christian, 1974, et al. (författare) Impact of materials exposure on assembly workstation performance 2011 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 49:24, s. 7253-7274 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper examines how the choice of materials exposure impacts workstation performance, in terms of non-value-adding work, space requirements and ergonomics. In a typical Swedish automotive setting, components are exposed in wooden pallets with frames beside the assembly line and supplied by forklift truck. In a case study, three workstations on an assembly line were studied and redesigned following the principles of lean production, using smaller plastic containers for the materials exposure. After the redesign, the space required for materials was reduced by 67%, non-value-adding work decreased by 20%, and walking distance was reduced by 52%. Furthermore, the ergonomics for the assembly operator improved greatly, with a 92% reduction of potentially harmful picking activities, thereby almost eliminating potentially harmful body movements. The theoretical contribution of this paper is firstly the development of an analysis model describing the impact of material exposure on workstation performance and secondly development of the existing categorization of work operations to include different materials handling activities. The most important managerial implication is an increased understanding of the relationship between space, ergonomics, non-value-adding work and materials exposure. These findings have direct implications on workstation design in industry.
40.	Givehchi, Mohammad, et al. (författare) Function block-enabled operation planning and machine control in Cloud-DPP 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; , s. 1-17 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Today, due to shop-floor uncertainties and widespread cross-enterprise collaborations, manufacturing systems of enterprises are increasingly demanded to be agile, adaptive, flexible and interoperable. Process planning systems are mission-critical constituent components of manufacturing systems in machining job shops of small and medium-sized enterprises in the machining and metal cutting sector. Cloud-based adaptive distributed process planning, which includes global supervisory planning in the cloud and local operation planning based on function block and cloud technologies, provides an effective approach for enhancing agility, adaptability, flexibility and interoperability of manufacturing systems.
41.	Goienetxea, Ainhoa, 1983-, et al. (författare) Bringing together Lean and simulation : a comprehensive review 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 58:1, s. 87-117 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Lean is and will still be one of the most popular management philosophies in the Industry 4.0 context and simulation is one of its key technologies. Many authors discuss about the benefits of combining Lean and simulation to better support decision makers in system design and improvement. However, there is a lack of reviews in the domain. Therefore, this paper presents a four-stage comprehensive review and analysis of existing literature on their combination. The aim is to identify the state of the art, existing methods and frameworks for combining Lean and simulation, while also identifying key research perspectives and challenges. The main trends identified are the increased interest in the combination of Lean and simulation in the Industry 4.0 context and in their combination with optimisation, Six Sigma, as well as sustainability. The number of articles in these areas is likely to continue to grow. On the other hand, we highlight six gaps found in the literature regarding the combination of Lean and simulation, which may induce new research opportunities. Existing technical, organisational, as well as people and culture related challenges on the combination of Lean and simulation are also discussed.
42.	Grosse, Eric H., et al. (författare) Human-centric production and logistics system design and management: transitioning from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 2023 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 61:22, s. 7749-7759 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Industry 4.0 was presented more than a decade ago as the fourth industrial revolution, aiming to significantly raise the level of sophistication of interconnected technologies and thus increase manufacturing industries’ profits. However, because the technology-driven narrow focus of Industry 4.0 on performance and profit fails to explain how to increase prosperity for all the stakeholders involved, the European Commission has introduced the concept of Industry 5.0. This vision overcomes the weaknesses of Industry 4.0 by paying explicit attention to outcomes for humans in the system and establishing an environment to create human-centric, resilient, and sustainable systems. Considering these developments, this position paper and editorial introducing the special issue of the International Journal of Production Research elaborates on the transition from Industry 4.0 to 5.0 through 10 papers focusing on the human-centric pillar of Industry 5.0 and its impacts on production and logistics system design and management. This work presents guidance for a more systemic approach needed in future research: to include empirically grounded works and data-driven multimethod approaches that consider diversity in system operators and human factors demands holistically in order to incorporate ethical implications missing from Industry 4.0–in the pursuit of Industry 5.0 systems.
43.	Grubbström, Robert W., et al. (författare) Analysis of standard ordering policies within the framework of MRP theory 2006 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 44:18-19, s. 3759-3773 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A number of different standard ordering policies are presented within the methodology of Material Requirements Planning (MRP), such as Lot-For-Lot (L4L), Fixed Order Quantity (FOQ), Fixed Period Requirements (FPR), etc. In MRP theory the time development of the production-inventory system is determined by a set of fundamental equations for available inventory, total inventory and backlogs using Input-Output Analysis for capturing the Bill of Materials and Laplace transforms for describing the advanced timing requirements. This paper aims at formally introducing standard ordering policies into the fundamental equations of MRP Theory in order to analyse the possibility to obtain closed-form expressions for the time development of the system, when such rules are applied.
44.	Grubbström, Robert W., 1941- (författare) Incorporating non-empty initial states into MRP Theory 2022 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 60:24, s. 7281-7300 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract MRP theory is a theoretical body treating production-inventory systems, in which produced items are made up of sets of produced or purchased sub-items, required to be available a lead-time before each product is completed. The hierarchical dependence between items is captured using input matrices from input-output-analysis, the necessary advanced timing by employing Laplace transform methodology, and the economic consequences by applying the net present value. Little attention has hitherto been given to aspects of a non-empty initial state, e.g. an initial inventory position. Since such states are common in industry, there is a strong need for this theory to include such aspects, in order to gain further practical acceptance. In this paper, theoretical consequences from having a non-empty initial state are investigated. A method for finding the Lot-for-Lot solution is developed using the concept of a truncated monotonically non-decreasing time function, generalising the approach of the generalised Leontief inverse and instrumental for designing plans meeting the necessary inner-corner requirement for optimality. Also the definition of inventory-related costs needs a modification for this concept to be consistent with NPV. These findings are applied in an extensive numerical example. Immediate future research concerns investigating principles for the optimal removal of initial backlogs.
45.	Grubbström, Robert W., et al. (författare) Introducing capacity limitations into multi-level, multi-stage production-inventory systems applying the input-output/Laplace transform approach 2000 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 38:17, s. 4227-4234 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Laplace transform and Input-Output Analysis have been used to formulate a theoretical basis for Material Requirements Planning (MRP). In this paper, as a first step to incorporating capacity limitations into this theory, we introduce alternative formulations of a model for capacity-constrained production-inventory systems in a deterministic environment applying the same approach. We focus our attention on the way in which the balance equations constraining the system need to be modified. A numerical example is given to explain the model.
46.	Grubbström, Robert W., et al. (författare) Optimal production opportunities in a remanufacturing system 2006 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 44:18-19, s. 3953-3966 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In recent years, remanufacturing has emerged in various industrial sectors, and it adds an additional production alternative apart from the conventional manufacturing process. With remanufacturing, a used return product is often disassembled, reprocessed, and then reassembled into a new product. The remanufactured product is often of the same quality as those from regular manufacturing. Even though remanufacturing saves a substantial cost of materials, it often requires more labour and other inputs. Thus, it becomes important to examine the expanded production opportunity of the system. In this paper, we therefore make a first attempt to model such a system with respect to its optimal production. This model is based on the Cobb-Douglas (Wicksell) production function. More specifically, we focus on how labour costs, material costs, and the budget influence optimal production decisions. Explicit properties of the optimal plan are derived and presented as theorems. Results of this study are intended to provide a guideline for managers to make sound decisions, when dealing with the increasingly important remanufacturing systems.
47.	Grubbström, Robert W (författare) Risk preference evaluation - a fourth dimension of the application of the Laplace transform 2018 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 56:1-2, s. 344-373 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, we apply the Laplace transform to risk preference theory (decision theory, decision analysis). We show that with a constant measure of absolute risk aversion, the certainty monetary equivalent (CME) can be developed into an expression involving the logarithm of the bilateral Laplace transform of the probability density of the outcome of risky projects. We also introduce a measure named internal risk aversion (IRA). This is in analogy with the earlier application of the transform to net present value problems. Properties of the CME function are examined. Basic examples of application are introduced followed by applications to portfolio theory and option pricing.
48.	Grubbström, Robert W (författare) The time-averaged L4L solution - a condition for long-run stability applying MRP theory 2012 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Taylor and Francis. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 50:21, s. 6099-6110 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract MRP theory provides a theoretical background for multi-level, multi-stage production-inventory systems (material requirements planning in a general sense) together with their economic evaluation, in particular applying the net present value principle. The theory combines the use of input-output analysis and Laplace transforms, the former for capturing product structures, and the latter for incorporating timing, including time lags, lead times, and output delays. In this paper, we consider any production policy, when given any external demand as a vector-valued function of time. It is shown that in order for available inventory to be kept at finite levels at any time, the lot-for-lot (L4L) solution must be valid for the time averages of production and deliveries, irrespective of the policy followed. This analysis is carried out using properties the Laurent expansions of the transforms involved.
49.	Hallgren, Mattias, et al. (författare) Differentiating manufacturing focus 2006 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 44:18-19, s. 3863-3878 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In order for a manufacturing firm to be competitive, by supporting the market requirements through the manufacturing function, manufacturing should focus on a narrow set of tasks. Focused manufacturing is concerned with the perspectives when designing a manufacturing facility, be it a factory, plant, or plant within a plant. Traditionally, focus has been on the product, the process, or the manufacturing task based on competitive priorities (order winners and qualifiers). So far, the literature implies that a certain facility should have only one focus. In this paper, we present a framework that differentiates focus with respect to different parts of the manufacturing value chain. The point around which focus needs to be differentiated is the customer order decoupling point. We associate alternative types of focus relative to the customer order decoupling point, separating the upstream and downstream parts, and create a framework for choosing focus and how to differentiate manufacturing focus.
50.	Hanson, Robin, 1981, et al. (författare) A comparison of kitting and continuous supply in in-plant materials supply 2013 Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X. ; 51:4, s. 979-992 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the context of in-plant materials supply, the materials feeding principle of kitting is often discussed as an alternative to the more common continuous supply (also known as line stocking). However, there are few detailed studies describing the relative effects of kitting and continuous supply. The current paper identifies the relative effects of kitting and continuous supply, and provides insight into how these effects arise. The paper draws on empirical data from two case studies in the Swedish automotive assembly industry. In each of the cases, continuous supply has been replaced by kitting, enabling comparison of kitting and continuous supply in the same production environment. The performance areas studied include man-hour consumption, product quality, flexibility, inventory levels, and space requirements. Interviews with production engineers, assemblers, and operators responsible for kit preparation at each company contribute to a broad yet detailed view of the relative effects of the two materials feeding principles.

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