| 1. |
- Abbass, Allan, et al.
(författare)
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Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy Trial Therapy Effectiveness and Role of Unlocking the Unconscious
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 205:6, s. 453-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the effects of trial therapy interviews using intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy with 500 mixed sample, tertiary center patients. Furthermore, we investigated whether the effect of trial therapy was larger for patients who had a major unlocking of the unconscious during the interview compared with those who did not. Outcome measures were the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), measured at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. Significant outcome effects were observed for both the BSI and the IIP with small to moderate preeffect/posteffect sizes, Cohen's d = 0.52 and 0.23, respectively. Treatment effects were greater in patientswho had a major unlocking of the unconscious comparedwith thosewho did not. The trial therapy interview appears to be beneficial, and its effects may relate to certain therapeutic processes. Further controlled research is warranted.
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| 2. |
- Armelius, Bengt-Åke, 1944-, et al.
(författare)
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Borderline diagnosis from hospital records : reliability and validity of Gunderson's diagnostic interview for Borderlines (DIB)
- 1985
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 173:1, s. 32-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two trained and experienced clinical psychologists and two nontrained students rated the sections in Gunderson's Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) on the basis of hospital records for 16 patients (DIB-R). The results showed that both reliability and validity, i.e., correlations with an actual interview, were unexpectedly high, around .80 for the trained judges and around .55 for the nontrained judges. The conclusion is that the DIB may be used for retrospective diagnosis of borderline patients from hospital records.
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| 3. |
- Arnetz, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Resilience as a Protective Factor Against the Development of Psychopathology Among Refugees
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 201:3, s. 167-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Refugee research, to date, has predominantly focused on factors that make refugees more vulnerable for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or psychological distress. Few articles have studied potential protective factors such as resilience. A targeted nonrandom sample of Iraqi refugees (n = 75) and a control group of non-Iraqi Arab immigrants (n = 53) were recruited from a number of Iraqi/Arab community institutions in Michigan to complete a questionnaire that included measures for psychological distress, PTSD symptoms, exposure to trauma, and resilience. The refugees reported significantly more PTSD symptoms (t-test, p < 0.01) and psychological distress (p < 0.05) compared with the immigrants. There was no difference in resilience between the two groups. In linear regression, premigration exposure to violence was a significant predictor of psychological distress (p < 0.01) and PTSD symptoms (p < 0.01). After controlling for migrant status and violence exposure, resilience was a significant inverse predictor of psychological distress (p < 0.001) but not of PTSD. Resilience is associated with less trauma-related psychological distress and should be considered in assessing risk and protective factors among victims of war-related violence.
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| 4. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Exposure to Trauma on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology in Swedish Tourist Tsunami Survivors
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 197:5, s. 316-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to examine long-term mental health and posttraumatic stress symptomatology in a Swedish tourist population after exposure to the 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. Data from 4822 returned questionnaires 14 months after the disaster were analyzed. Respondents were categorized into 3 subgroups: (1) danger-to-life exposure group (having been caught or chased by the waves), (2) nondanger-to-life exposure group (exposed to other disaster-related stressors), and (3) low exposure group. Main outcome measures were General Health Questionnaire-12 and Impact of Event Scale-22-Revised. Danger-to-life exposure was an important factor in causing more severe posttraumatic stress symptoms and in affecting mental health. Female gender, single status, and former trauma experiences were associated with greater distress. Other factors related to more severe symptoms were loss of relatives, physical injuries, viewing many dead bodies, experiencing life threat, and showing signs of cognitive confusion. Disaster exposure has a substantial impact on survivors, which stresses the need for long-lasting support.
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| 5. |
- Bergh Johannesson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Tsunami-exposed tourist survivors : Signs of recovery in an 3-year perspective
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 199:3, s. 162-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term follow-up after disaster exposure indicates increased rates of psychological distress. However, trajectories and rates of recovery in large samples of disaster-exposed survivors are largely lacking. A group of 3457 Swedish survivors temporarily on vacation in Southeast Asia during the 2004 tsunami were assessed by postal questionnaire at 14 months and 3 years after the tsunami regarding post-traumatic stress reactions (IES-R) and general mental health (GHQ-12). There was a general pattern of resilience and recovery 3 years postdisaster. Severe exposure and traumatic bereavement were associated with increased post-traumatic stress reactions and heightened risk for impaired mental health. The rate of recovery was lower among respondents exposed to life threat and among bereaved. Severe trauma exposure and bereavement seem to have considerable long-term impact on psychological distress and appear to slow down the recovery process. Readiness among health agencies for identification of symptoms and provision of interventions might facilitate optimal recovery.
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| 6. |
- Bjärtå, Anna, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Severity of Psychological Distress Among Refugees With the Refugee Health Screener, 13-Item Version
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 206:11, s. 834-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent inflow of refugees to Sweden has put pressure on health care as well as revealing a need for methods regarding assessment of refugees' mental health status. The present study investigated the use of the Refugee Health Screener (RHS; Hollifield et al., 2013) to distinguish among severity levels of symptoms of psychological distress in refugees. Refugees residing in asylum accommodations (n = 510) were screened with RHS-13, together with screeners for depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Risk for mild, moderate, or severe levels of depression, anxiety, or/and PTSD was used as screening proxy. Receiver operating characteristic analysis rendered cutoff scores of 11, 18, and 25, for mild, moderate, and severe symptoms, respectively. Evaluated against each symptom scale separately, cutoffs performed well. Cutoff 11, previously identified by Hollifield et al. (2016), was also confirmed. However, utilization of additional cutoffs could improve refugee mental health by guiding clinical decision making.
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| 7. |
- Blease, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Patient Access to Mental Health Notes : Motivating Evidence-Informed Ethical Guidelines
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 209:4, s. 265-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: In the last decade, many health organizations have embarked on a revolution in clinical communication. Using electronic devices, patients can now gain rapid access to their online clinical records. Legally, patients in many countries already have the right to obtain copies of their health records; however, the practice known as "open notes" is different. Via secure online health portals, patients are now able to access their test results, lists of medications, and the very words that clinicians write about them. Open notes are growing with most patients in the Nordic countries already offered access to their full electronic record. From April 2021, a new federal ruling in the United States mandates-with few exemptions-that providers offer patients access to their online notes (Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, Department of Health and Human Services, Available at: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2019-03-04/pdf/2019-02224.pdf#page=99). Against these policy changes, only limited attention has been paid to the ethical question about whether patients with mental health conditions should access their notes, as mentioned in the articles by Strudwick, Yeung, and Gratzer (Front Psychiatry 10:917, 2019) and Blease, O'Neill, Walker, Hägglund, and Torous (Lancet Psychiatry 7:924-925, 2020). In this article, our goal is to motivate further inquiry into opening mental health notes to patients, particularly among persons with serious mental illness and those accessing psychological treatments. Using biomedical ethical principles to frame our discussion, we identify key empirical questions that must be pursued to inform ethical practice guidelines.
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| 8. |
- Buchanan, A., et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors of violence during a 4-week period in a psychiatric outpatient population
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 201:12, s. 1021-1026
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical impact of structured risk assessment instruments has been limited by a lack of information regarding a) their short-term accuracy and b) the relationship between change as measured by the instrument and a change in the risk for harm. Data were collected every 4 weeks on a) variables designed to resemble the items of a structured risk assessment instrument, b) substance use, c) social circumstances and mental state, and d) violent behavior. Scores on the variables designed to resemble the items of a risk assessment instrument were associated with violence during the ensuing 4 weeks. However, an increase in a subject's score on these variables was not associated with violence. Instead, increasing cocaine use and increasing social conflict as described by the subject at interview were associated with violence during those weeks. Copyright © 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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| 9. |
- Colins, Olivier F, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychotic-like symptoms as a risk factor of violent recidivism in detained male adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 201:6, s. 478-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to prospectively examine whether psychotic-like symptoms (PLSs) are positively associated with violent recidivism and whether this relation is stronger when PLSs co-occur with substance use disorders (SUDs). Participants were 224 detained male adolescents from all youth detention centers in Flanders. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children was used to assess PLSs and the number of SUDs. Two to 4 years later, information on official recidivism was obtained. Although hallucinations were unrelated to violent recidivism, paranoid delusions (PDs) and threat/control override delusions (TCODs) were negatively related to violent recidivism. The relation between PLSs and violent recidivism did not become stronger in the presence of SUDs. Detained youths with PLSs do not have a higher risk for violent recidivism than detained youths without PLSs. In contrast, by identifying detained youths with PDs or TCODs, clinicians are likely to identify youths with a low risk for future violent crimes.
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| 10. |
- Colins, Olivier F, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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The usefulness of DSM-IV and DSM-5 conduct disorder subtyping in detained adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 201:9, s. 736-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to test whether the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), and DSM-5 conduct disorder (CD) subtyping approaches identify adolescents with concurrent psychiatric morbidity and an increased risk to reoffend. A diagnostic interview was used to assess childhood-onset CD (CoCD), adolescent-onset CD (AoCD), and concurrent psychiatric morbidity in 223 detained male adolescents. The callous-unemotional (CU) specifier was established through a self-report questionnaire. Two to four years later, information on official criminal recidivism was collected. The CoCD and AoCD youths were different in concurrent psychiatric morbidity but not in their risk to reoffend. The youths with CD and CU (CD+CU) and the CD-only youths did not differ with regard to concurrent psychiatric morbidity. In addition, the CD+CU youths were at risk to reoffend but merely when compared with their counterparts without CD/CU. Although CD subtyping approaches may identify youths with concurrent psychiatric morbidity, the usefulness to predict recidivism in already delinquent youths is limited.
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| 11. |
- Fekadu, Abebaw, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of the concept of minor depression in a developing country setting
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 196:1, s. 22-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence for validity of the diagnostic construct of minor depressive disorder comes primarily from reports on subthreshold depressive states rather than minor depressive disorder per se. We report on the prevalence, impact, and sociodemographic correlates of minor depressive disorder in a developing country setting as further validation of this diagnostic construct. Diagnostic assessment of 1714 adults of an island population in Ethiopia was carried out using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The lifetime prevalence of minor depressive disorder was 20.5% (95% confidence interval 18.6, 22.5%). One-third of cases had sought help and expressed suicidal ideation. Being divorced/widowed, middle-aged, and having somatic pain were independently associated with having minor depressive disorder. Only being divorced/widowed was a shared risk factor for both minor depressive disorder and bereavement. Minor depressive disorder seems to be a useful and valid diagnostic construct with particular clinical significance in this and, possibly, similar developing country settings.
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| 12. |
- Ghaderi, Ata, et al.
(författare)
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Coping in dieting and eating disorders : A population-based study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 188:5, s. 273-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of different coping strategies, measured by the Ways of Coping Questionnaire was investigated among 1157 women (18 to 30 years), randomly selected from the general population of Sweden as part of a longitudinal study. Subjects were clustered into five groups: subjects with past or current eating disorders (ED), and subjects with no ED but with past, current, or no history of dieting. Subjects with past or current ED reported significantly higher levels of escape avoidance and lower levels of seeking social support and purposeful problem solving compared with subjects with neither ED nor dieting. These group comparisons were then reanalyzed with sum of depressive symptoms as a covariate in covariate analyses. The only significant difference between the groups concerned the use of escape avoidance. The significant differences in the use of escape-avoidance strategies may motivate more extensive training in coping in the context of prevention and treatment of ED and maladaptive dieting.
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| 13. |
- Hermansson, Ann-Charlotte, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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The Mental Health of War-wounded Refugees : An 8-year Follow-up
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 190, s. 374-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complex nature of recent wars and armed conflicts has forced many war-injured persons into exile. To investigate their long-term mental health, three instruments for assessing mental health (HSCL-25, PTSS-10, and a Well-Being scale) were presented to 44 war-wounded refugees from nine different countries 8 years after arrival in Sweden. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high and corresponds to findings in previous studies of refugee patient populations. A lower level of mental health was associated with higher education, unemployment, and poor physical health. The findings suggest a high psychiatric morbidity and a need for psychiatric interventions in this refugee group. Methodological issues to be considered in research on sequels of war traumas are discussed.
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| 14. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Autistic Personality Traits and Treatment Outcome for Alcohol Use Disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 209:9, s. 665-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of personality traits for the outcome of psychiatric treatment, including treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), has been widely acknowledged. Also, research on autism spectrum disorders has evolved in recent years, emphasizing that the behavioral traits within these neuropsychiatric disorders exist on a dimension both within and outside the boundaries of psychopathology. In the present study, the relationship between personality traits associated with autistic functioning and level of alcohol use among patients before and after concluded AUD treatment was investigated. The participants (n = 165, diagnosed with AUD) were part of a longitudinal project on AUD treatment. Data from personality questionnaires (Structured Clinical Interview of Personality Disorders II and Temperament and Character Inventory) were used to assess autistic personality traits (APTs) based on behavior within Wing's triad, which were related to background and treatment outcome. The chosen APT items illustrated a personality functioning with an emphasis on social interaction and rigidity. Only certain included questions were indicative of still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry, which adhered to phobic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizoid personality traits, as well as rigidity/stubbornness. Albeit with modest influence, the degree of APTs was associated with heavier drinking at treatment entry, and symptoms relating to social interaction and rigidity were associated with still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry. A higher degree of such traits may result in having problems taking advice from others and establishing treatment alliance, important parts of treatment efficacy, making assessment of such traits relevant to clinicians.
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| 15. |
- Hildebrand Karlén, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Autistic Personality Traits and Treatment Outcome for Alcohol Use Disorders
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 209:9, s. 665-673
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of personality traits for the outcome of psychiatric treatment, including treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), has been widely acknowledged. Also, research on autism spectrum disorders has evolved in recent years, emphasizing that the behavioral traits within these neuropsychiatric disorders exist on a dimension both within and outside the boundaries of psychopathology. In the present study, the relationship between personality traits associated with autistic functioning and level of alcohol use among patients before and after concluded AUD treatment was investigated. The participants (n = 165, diagnosed with AUD) were part of a longitudinal project on AUD treatment. Data from personality questionnaires (Structured Clinical Interview of Personality Disorders II and Temperament and Character Inventory) were used to assess autistic personality traits (APTs) based on behavior within Wing's triad, which were related to background and treatment outcome. The chosen APT items illustrated a personality functioning with an emphasis on social interaction and rigidity. Only certain included questions were indicative of still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry, which adhered to phobic, obsessive-compulsive, and schizoid personality traits, as well as rigidity/stubbornness. Albeit with modest influence, the degree of APTs was associated with heavier drinking at treatment entry, and symptoms relating to social interaction and rigidity were associated with still having a problematic drinking pattern 2.5 years after treatment entry. A higher degree of such traits may result in having problems taking advice from others and establishing treatment alliance, important parts of treatment efficacy, making assessment of such traits relevant to clinicians.
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| 16. |
- Holmes, Emily A., et al.
(författare)
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Schizotypy : A vulnerability factor for traumatic intrusions
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 192:1, s. 28-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrusive mental experiences occur within posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and some psychotic disorders. Similarities in the phenomenology and content in the intrusions of both disorders have been noted. Currently there is little understanding of any common etiology in terms of information-processing styles. This study investigated predictors of analogue posttraumatic intrusive cognitions within a nonclinical sample, including schizotypy, dissociation, and trauma history. Forty-two participants watched a trauma video and recorded trauma-related intrusions occurring for 1 week. More reported intrusive experiences were associated with high positive symptom schizotypy. Our findings are discussed in relation to the possible role of trauma-related intrusions within psychotic disorders.
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| 17. |
- Holmqvist, Rolf, 1948-
(författare)
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Associations between staff feelings toward patients and treatment outcome at psychiatric treatment homes
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 188:6, s. 366-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents, as part of a national Swedish research project, a study of associations between staff feelings toward patients and treatment outcome at 23 small psychiatric inpatient units. The outcome was measured with a composite scale based on structured interviews. Staff feelings were reported on a feeling checklist. Few and scattered correlations were found between staff feelings and treatment outcome when the whole group of patients was analyzed together. More meaningful patterns were found when data for psychotic and borderline patients were analyzed separately. For psychotic patients, positive outcome was associated with low levels of negative feelings throughout treatment. For borderline patients, positive outcome was associated with negative feelings at the beginning of treatment, followed by strong positive feelings in the later part. Staff feelings were more strongly associated with outcome for borderline patients than for psychotic patients. Patients with different structural diagnoses need different kinds of staff 'feeling milieus'.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Koposov, Roman A, et al.
(författare)
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Sense of coherence : a mediator between violence exposure and psychopathology in Russian juvenile delinquents.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 191:10, s. 638-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to community violence tends to have a hazardous impact on the health and well being of youth. In this context, sense of coherence is related to indicators of well being and mental health and is considered crucial for human information processing in resolving conflicts and coping with enduring stress. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of sense of coherence as a potential mediator in the relationships between community violence exposure and psychopathology, controlling for involvement in severe problem behavior. The study was conducted with a group of Russian juvenile delinquents (N = 159; a highly traumatized population with a history of frequent exposure to violence), who completed a set of questionnaires assessing their exposure to community violence, psychopathology, involvement in severe problem behaviors, and sense of coherence. The relationships among the variables of interest were explored using a structural equation modeling approach. Sense of coherence partially mediated the link between victimization and psychopathology. The direct relationships between victimization and psychopathology decreased in size, suggesting that higher levels of sense of coherence can potentially reduce the levels of psychopathology. These results have an important theoretical value and are meaningful for clinical work, suggesting that preventive and therapeutic interventions should aim at increasing sense of coherence, which might be especially valuable in populations at risk.
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| 21. |
- Kullgren, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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An empirical study of borderline personality disorder and psychiatric suicides.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 174:6, s. 328-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is closely related to suicidal behavior, and suicide attempts per se are considered a diagnostic criterion. However, there has been no previous study of completed suicides and BPD. The present study is based on a population of 134 consecutive psychiatric suicides from 1961 to 1980 in a catchment area of 250,000 inhabitants. Clinical records were retrospectively diagnosed according to the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines and DSM-III. There was a progressive increase in proportion of borderline suicides during the time period. The overall proportion of BPD, however, was only 12%, indicating that borderline patients are not seriously overrepresented among patients committing psychiatric suicides. Demographic variables, earlier psychiatric care, and suicidal behavior in the borderline group are described and analyzed.
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| 22. |
- Kullgren, Gunnar
(författare)
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Factors associated with completed suicide in borderline personality disorder.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 176:1, s. 40-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fifteen patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) who had committed suicide while under inpatient care or within a month after discharge were compared with a group of 13 inpatients with a diagnosis of BPD who did not kill themselves. Suicides occurred in all ages from 20 to 49 years. Age, sex, and age when first in contact with psychiatry did not differ between groups. DIB profiles differed only with respect to slightly higher scores on the affect section among patients who committed suicide. Axis I affective disorders were equally frequent. The patients who committed suicide had been more often hospitalized and they had made more suicide attempts in their lifetime. Male patients who killed themselves showed a more extensive suicidal behavior at admission than did their matched control subjects. Earlier suicide attempts during inpatient treatment were only identified among the patients who committed suicide. An imminent mandatory discharge preceded the inpatient suicides in five of 11 cases.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Nasseh Lotf Abadi, Mozhdeh, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Birth weight, domestic violence, coping, social support and mental health of young Iranian mothers in Tehran
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 201:7, s. 602-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate associations of birth weight with sociodemographic variables, domestic violence, ways of coping, social support, and general mental health of Iranian mothers. Six hundred mothers aged 15 to 29 years participated between June 2009 and November 2010. t-Test, analysis of variance, Spearman's correlation, and multiple regression were used. The results showed that there was no significant association between birth weight and general mental health of the mothers. Prenatal care visits, the mothers' history of having children with low birth weight (LBW), and weight gain during pregnancy were significantly associated with birth weight. The women who reported physical abuse during pregnancy had infants with lower birth weight. Satisfaction with social support and use of positive reappraisal were significantly associated with higher birth weight. In conclusion, a high quality of prenatal care and screening of pregnant women are recommended. Social environments good enough during pregnancy have protective effects against LBW.
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| 26. |
- Nilsson, Doris, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the Linköping Youth Life experience Scale
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 198:10, s. 768-774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of a newly developed instrument for potentially traumatic life events, the Linköping Youth Life Experience Scale (LYLES), and determine the benefits of including adverse childhood circumstances (ACCs) as factors in the evaluation. In addition, we wanted to investigate the difference between interpersonal and noninterpersonal traumatic events, the impact of ACCs, and the cumulative effects of these events on self-reported symptoms of dissociation, depression, and anxiety. Adolescents from the normative population (n = 188) answered the questionnaire LYLES and also the Dissociation-Questionnaire-Sweden and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The results showed that LYLES was stable, with test-retest r = 0.79 and kappa item per item ranging between k = 0.44 and 1.0. ACCs contributed independently to the explanation of symptoms explaining them better than potentially traumatic events alone, particularly for boys where the impact of ACCs exceeded the impact of events. The conclusions are that LYLES displayed satisfactory psychometric properties and that ACCs seem to be a valuable addition to an instrument to evaluate potentially traumatic events.
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| 27. |
- Nilsson, Doris, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetime Polytraumatization in Adolescence and Being a Victim of Bullying
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 200:11, s. 954-961
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purposes of this study were to examine the mental health consequences of having been a victim of bullying and to investigate whether the impact of bullying was dependent on the co-occurrence of other potentially traumatic events, noninterpersonal traumas, interpersonal traumas, as well as adverse childhood circumstances. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanA community sample of participants (n = 462; 216 males and 246 females) aged 15 to 20 years completed the self-administered Linkopings Youth Life Experience Scale about lifetime exposure to a range of traumatic and other adverse events and circumstances and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). The results showed that those who reported being a victim of bullying reported significantly higher scores on all TSCC clinical scales as well as significantly more other traumatic and adverse family exposures. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the impact of bullying on mental health was explained, to a considerable degree, by the accumulation of other adverse and traumatic exposures, particularly in the females.
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| 28. |
- Nilsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Well-Being and Self-Disorders in Schizotypal Disorder and Asperger Syndrome/Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 208:5, s. 418-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explored subjective well-being in two groups of young adult participants diagnosed with either schizotypal disorder (Sd) (n = 29) or Asperger syndrome/autism spectrum disorder (As/ASD) (n = 22). Well-being was impaired in both groups and was lower in the Sd group than in the As/ASD group. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between well-being and the presence of self-disorders. The negative effect of self-disorders on well-being was still significant when adjusted for diagnosis, age and gender, and level of function. The present findings point toward clinically important disorder-specific differences in the nature of impaired well-being between the Sd group and the As/ASD group, as there seems to be a self-disorder-driven additional contribution to impaired subjective well-being within the schizophrenia spectrum. These findings further nuance the understanding of fundamental and clinically important qualitative differences between the schizophrenia spectrum and the autism spectrum.
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| 29. |
- Ruchkin, Vladislav, et al.
(författare)
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Depressive symptoms and associated psychopathology in urban adolescents : a cross-cultural study of three countries.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 194:2, s. 106-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to compare cross-cultural trends of comorbid internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, prosocial beliefs, and perceptions of risk in adolescents with and without clinical levels of self-reported depressive symptoms. The Social and Health Assessment, a self-report survey, was conducted in a representative sample of 3309 adolescents 14 to 17 years old from urban communities in the United States (N = 1343), Belgium (N = 946), and Russia (N = 1009). In all three countries, girls reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than boys. The findings also demonstrate that in both genders, depressive symptoms were associated with increased levels of internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as lower levels of prosocial beliefs and low perceptions of harm from risk-taking behavior. Depressed boys had relatively higher levels of externalizing problems than depressed girls. Greater levels of internalizing problems observed in depressed youth, as compared with their nondepressed counterparts, were not gender-specific. Current findings suggest that the relationships between depression and comorbid psychopathology are not culture-specific and have similar patterns in different populations.
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| 30. |
- Sveen, Josefin, et al.
(författare)
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Attentional bias and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder one year after burn injury
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 197:11, s. 850-855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trauma-related attentional bias is suggested to play a role in maintaining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although being burn injured is a traumatic event for many patients, there are no prospective studies investigating attentional bias. The aims were to assess burn-specific attentional bias 1 year after burn, and its associations with risk factors for PTSD and symptoms of PTSD. A total of 38 adult patients with burns were assessed with a structured clinical interview and a Swedish version of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised up to 1-year after burn. The Emotional Stroop Task was used to assess attentional bias 1 year after burn. In total 29 participants displayed burn-specific attentional bias. This group had more previous life events, perceived life threat, larger burns, and higher PTSD symptom severity. In conclusion, the majority of the patients had burn-specific attentional bias 1 year after burn and this was related to symptoms of PTSD.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Willebrand, Mimmie, et al.
(författare)
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Social desirability, psychological symptoms and perceived health in burn injured patients
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018 .- 1539-736X. ; 193:12, s. 820-824
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social desirability was previously seen as a nuisance in assessment, but today it is regarded as a personality trait with an influence on health. The aim was to explore relations between social desirability and health in former burn patients. Eighty-four burn patients injured on average 3.8 years ago responded to a questionnaire booklet. Social desirability was assessed with the social desirability subscale of the Swedish universities Scales of Personality, which is standardized in a normative sample. The results showed that a subgroup with high degree of social desirability displayed significantly poorer perceived health on the burn-specific health subscales heat sensitivity, work, and body image than normal responders did. There were no differences regarding age, education, injury-related variables, sick leave, or symptoms of anxiety and depression. In conclusion, participants with high social desirability were characterized by postburn problems in outdoor and work-related situations, and more self-consciousness about appearance.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Hollander, Anna-Clara, et al.
(författare)
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The validity of screening instruments for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and other anxiety symptoms in Tajikistan.
- 2007
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Ingår i: J Nerv Ment Dis. - 1539-736X. ; 195:11, s. 955-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The validity of screening instruments for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and other anxiety symptoms in Tajikistan.Hollander AC, Ekblad S, Mukhamadiev D, Muminova R.Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry-HS, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.Armed conflicts and violations of human rights have a large and long-lasting impact on the mental health of affected individuals. In Tajikistan's civil war, 1992-1997, out of a total population of 6.5 million, about 60,000 were killed and 700,000 became refugees. Little has been done to explore the mental health consequences of this war. The purpose of the present pilot study was to validate 1 screening instrument for PTSD and 1 for depression and anxiety symptoms in a Tajik outpatient population. The sample for the study totaled 75. The appropriate cutoff values were determined empirically. The validity of the instruments was high. In conclusion, the use of validated screening instruments was a feasible way to explore the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and other anxiety symptoms in a Tajikistan context.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Karilampi, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Cognition and global assessment of functioning in male and female outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of nervous and mental disease. - 1539-736X. ; 199:7, s. 445-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between the symptom and function subscales of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and neurocognitive test performance was studied in 195 outpatients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or delusional disorder who were assigned to functional groups based on their sex. A composite cognition score was created based on z-scores. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess the predictive value of GAF Symptom and GAF Function on composite cognition and to check for the effect of the individual cognitive tests against the GAF subscales. Better composite cognition scores were predicted by higher function levels in male patients and by lower symptom levels in female patients. There was also a sex-specific difference in neurocognitive components, indicating that executive functioning may have a greater impact on the symptom and function profiles of male schizophrenia spectrum patients than on that of female patients. The results suggest that endophenotypes in schizophrenia may be sex-specific.
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| 39. |
- Kendler, Kenneth S., et al.
(författare)
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Sources of Parent-Child Transmission of Drug Abuse : Path Analyses of Not-Lived-With Parental, Stepparental, Triparental, and Adoptive Families
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018. ; 206:4, s. 239-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To clarify the origins of parent-child resemblance for drug abuse (DA), using national Swedish data, we fit path models to information on DA in parents and children from six informative family types: i) not-lived-with father, ii) not-lived-with mother, iii) stepfather, iv) stepmother, v) triparental, and vi) adoptive. From these families, we estimated parent-offspring resemblance reflecting the effects of genes + rearing, genes only, and rearing only. The estimates of parent-offspring correlations were statistically homogenous across family types. The weighted estimate of the father-offspring correlation for DA for genes + rearing, genes-only, and rearing-only relationships were, respectively, +0.26, +0.19, and +0.06. Parallel figures for mother-offspring relationships were +0.19, +0.13, and +0.09. In both genes + rearing and genes-only parent-offspring relationships, DA correlations were stronger for fathers than for mothers. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute substantially to parent-offspring resemblance for DA and seem to be additive.
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| 40. |
- Kendler, Kenneth S., et al.
(författare)
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Within-Family Transmission of Alcohol Use Disorder in Parent-Offspring, Sibling, and Cousin Pairs : A Contagion Model
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Journal of nervous and mental disease. - 0022-3018. ; 208:9, s. 637-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine whether alcohol use disorder (AUD) is transmitted within families as predicted by contagion, we examined parent-offspring, siblings, and cousin pairs ascertained from Swedish registries with a primary case with AUD. Our outcome variable was AUD registration in at-risk secondary cases. In offspring, risks for AUD registration in the 3 years after a parental index registration residing in the same household, neighborhood, or municipality increased by 1.6%, -0.5%, and 0.3%, respectively. For siblings of sibling index cases, parallel results were 3.2%, 1.2%, and 0.3%. For cousins of cousin index cases, no excess risk was seen for those residing in the same neighborhood or municipality. In siblings, AUD transmission was stronger in same versus opposite sex pairs and from older to younger versus younger to older siblings. These results support the hypothesis that AUD is transmitted among close family relationships and over limited geographical distances by a temporally dynamic contagion model.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Liberg, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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Motor imagery in bipolar depression with slowed movement.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of nervous and mental disease. - 1539-736X. ; 201:10, s. 885-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that motor retardation in bipolar depression is mediated by disruption of the pre-executive stages of motor production. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural activity during motor imagery and motor execution to elucidate whether brain regions that mediate planning, preparation, and control of movement are activated differently in subjects with bipolar depression (n = 9) compared with healthy controls (n = 12). We found significant between-group differences. During motor imagery, the patients activated the posterior medial parietal cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex, the premotor cortex, the prefrontal cortex, and the frontal poles more than the controls did. Activation in the brain areas involved in motor selection, planning, and preparation was altered. In addition, limbic and prefrontal regions associated with self-reference and the default mode network were altered during motor imagery in bipolar depression with motor retardation.
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| 44. |
- Moreira-Almeida, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Brazilian spiritist mediumship and dissociative identity disorder
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018. ; 196:5, s. 420-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the similarities and differences between Brazilian Spiritistic mediums and North American dissociative identity disorder (DID) patients. Twenty-four mediums selected among different Spiritistic organizations in Sao Paulo, Brazil, were interviewed using the Dissociative Disorder Interview Schedule, and their responses were compared with those of DID patients described in the literature. The results from Spiritistic mediums were similar to published data on DID patients only with respect to female prevalence and high frequency of Schneiderian first-rank symptoms. As compared with individuals with DID, the mediums differed in having better social adjustment, lower prevalence of mental disorders, lower use of mental health services, no use of antipsychotics, and lower prevalence of histories of physical or sexual childhood abuse, sleepwalking, secondary features of DID, and symptoms of borderline personality. Thus, mediumship differed from DID in having better mental health and social adjustment, and a different clinical profile.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Nilsson, Doris, et al.
(författare)
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Dissociation among Swedish Adolescents and the connection to trauma : An Evaluation of the Swedish version of Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0022-3018. ; 194:9, s. 684-689
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of Adolescent Dissociative Experience Scale (A-DES), dissociative symptoms among Swedish adolescents, and dissociative symptoms connected to trauma and sexual and physical abuse. A normative group of 400 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years and a clinical group of 20 adolescents with known experienced trauma were given A-DES. A test-retest procedure was conducted with 90 subjects from the normative group. The results showed good reliability, internal consistency and test-retest. Factor analysis in the normative sample (N = 400) resulted in a one factor solution. Correlation between A-DES and other measures of dissociation was high (r = .86). Significant differences for the total sum of A-DES were found in the normative group between adolescents with and without self-reported trauma and between the normative group and the clinical group with known experienced trauma. The Swedish version of A-DES was shown to be a screening instrument with satisfactory psychometric qualities and the capability of capturing dissociative symptoms in adolescents with self-reported trauma as well as clinical cases with identified trauma.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Pilhatsch, Maximilian, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Body Mass Index in Parkinson's Disease: Contribution of Comorbid Depression.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. - 0022-3018. ; 201:1, s. 76-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: Courses of Parkinson's disease (PD) that are complicated by weight loss result in poorer overall treatment outcome and lower quality of life. To determine the contribution of depression, which has not yet been specified in the etiology of weight loss in PD, symptomatology and anamnesis from 215 outpatients diagnosed with PD were assessed using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychiatric scales. A percentage of 31 comorbid depressed patients and a comparison with a control population allowed an accurate characterization of effect sizes, sex differences, and patterns of the contribution of comorbid depression to weight loss. Our study showed that comorbid depression had a clinically relevant effect concerning reduced body mass index in male (0.3; Hedges' g) but not in female PD patients. Although some possible confounders are not controlled here, our results support the need of monitoring depressive symptoms in the courses of PD, particularly in male patients.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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