| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Adriaens, Laurence M, et al.
(författare)
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Does pregnancy have an impact on the subgingival microbiota?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 80:1, s. 72-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We investigated clinical and subgingival microbiologic changes during pregnancy in 20 consecutive pregnant women > or =18 years not receiving dental care.METHODS: Bacterial samples from weeks 12, 28, and 36 of pregnancy and at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum were processed for 37 species by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Clinical periodontal data were collected at week 12 and at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum, and bleeding on probing (BOP) was recorded at sites sampled at the four time points.RESULTS: The mean BOP at week 12 and postpartum was 40.1% +/- 18.2% and 27.4% +/- 12.5%, respectively. The corresponding mean BOP at microbiologic test sites was 15% (week 12) and 21% (postpartum; not statistically significant). Total bacterial counts decreased between week 12 and postpartum (P <0.01). Increased bacterial counts over time were found for Neisseria mucosa (P <0.001). Lower counts (P <0.001) were found for Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eubacterium saburreum, Fusobacterium nucleatum naviforme, Fusobacterium nucleatum polymorphum, Leptotrichia buccalis, Parvimonas micra (previously Peptostreptococcus micros or Micromonas micros), Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Selenomonas noxia, and Veillonella parvula. No changes occurred between weeks 12 and 28 of pregnancy. Counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), and Treponema denticola did not change. Counts of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia at week 12 were associated with gingivitis (P <0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Subgingival levels of bacteria associated with periodontitis did not change. P. gingivalis and T. forsythia counts were associated with BOP at week 12. A decrease was found in 17 of 37 species from week 12 to postpartum. Only counts of N. mucosa increased.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Agerbaek, Mette R, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiological composition associated with interleukin-1 gene polymorphism in subjects undergoing supportive periodontal therapy.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 77:8, s. 1397-1402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Interleukin-1 gene polymorphism (IL-1 gene) has been associated with periodontitis. The present study examined the subgingival microbiota by IL-1 gene status in subjects undergoing supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).METHODS: A total of 151 subjects with known IL-1 gene status (IL-1A +4845/IL-1B -3954) (IL-1 gene) were included in this study. Clinical data and subgingival plaque samples (40 taxa) were collected. These taxa were determined by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method.RESULTS: Gender, smoking habits (n-par tests), age, and clinical periodontal conditions did not differ by IL-1 gene status. IL-1 gene-negative subjects had a higher total bacterial load (mean difference, 480.4 x 10(5); 95% confidence interval [CI], 77 to 884 x 10(5); P <0.02). The levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (mean difference, 30.7 x 10(5); 95% CI, 2.2 to 59.5 x 10(5); P <0.05), Eubacterium nodatum (mean difference, 4.2 x 10(5); 95% CI, 0.6 to 7.8 x 10(5); P <0.02), Porphyromonas gingivalis (mean difference, 17.9 x 10(5); 95% CI, 1.2 to 34.5 x 10(5); P <0.05), and Streptococcus anginosus (mean difference, 4.0 x 10(5); 95% CI, 0.2 to 7.2 x 10(5); P <0.05) were higher in IL-1 gene-negative subjects, an observation specifically found at sites with probing depths <5.0 mm.CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding on probing did not differ by IL gene status, reflecting clinical SPT efficacy. IL-1 gene-negative subjects had higher levels of periodontal pathogens. This may suggest that among subjects undergoing SPT, a lower bacterial load is required in IL-1 gene-positive subjects to develop the same level of periodontitis as in IL-1 gene-negative subjects.
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| 5. |
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| 9. |
- Arneborg, Lars, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial variability of diapycnal mixing and turbulent dissipation rates in a stagnant fjord basin
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670. ; 34:7, s. 1679-1691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two microstructure profilers, two ships, and four moorings with acoustic Doppler current profilers and conductivity-temperature loggers were used in an intensive effort to map the spatial and temporal variations of vertical mixing in the stagnant deep basin of Gullmar Fjord, Sweden. During three days in the beginning of August 2001 a continuous time series of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation profiles was obtained with one microstructure profiler at a fixed position near the deepest part of the fjord. During the same period the other microstructure profiler was used to obtain six sections of dissipation through the length of the basin. Two moorings were deployed in the fjord basin for one month from the end of July to the end of August. The mapping of dissipation rates reveals that the dissipation in the deep basin is confined to areas just inside the sill. More than 77% of the dissipation in the fjord basin happens above the sloping bottoms closest to the sill.
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| 10. |
- Arneborg, Lars, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Tidal Energy Loss, Internal Tide Radiation, and Local Dissipation for Two-Layer Tidal Flow over a Sill
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 47:7, s. 1521-1538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A simple analytical model for tidal energy loss at fjord sills and its partitioning into local dissipation and radiated internal tides is presented. The analytical model builds on a two-layer assumption with quasi-steady nonlinear flow over the sill and wave radiation in the far field. When the interface is situated above sill level, upstream-and downstream-propagating internal waves are generated as the bottom-layer flow becomes partially blocked because of a hydraulic control over the sill. When this control sets in, energy is lost in the transition from supercritical flow over the sill to subcritical flow downstream of the sill. The analytical model is compared with observations at the Drobak sill in the Oslo Fjord and with idealized numerical simulations with a nonhydrostatic primitive equation model. The overall good agreement between observations, analytical model, and numerical model results indicates that the hydraulic control over the sill is a key player for both the generation of internal tides and the local energy loss. The tidal energy loss decreases with increasing height of the interface above the sill. At the same time, the fraction of energy dissipated locally increases from about 20% for the interface situated at sill level to > 50% when the upper-layer thickness is less than about 80% of the sill depth. These results correspond well with the observations in the Oslo Fjord where more energy is dissipated near the sill than is radiated away.
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| 11. |
- Asa'ad, Farah, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphism in epigenetic regulating genes in relation to periodontitis, number of teeth, and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and glycated hemoglobin: The Tromsø Study 2015-2016.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 94:11, s. 1324-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontitis and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in epigenetic regulation of DNA, and between these same SNPs and tooth loss, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Methods: We included participants with periodontal examination (n = 3633, aged: 40-93 years) from the Tromsø Study seventh survey (2015-2016), Norway. Periodontitis was defined according to the 2017 AAP/EFP classification system as no periodontitis, grades A, B, or C. Salivary DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed to investigate four SNPs (rs2288349, rs35474715, rs34023346, and rs10010325) in the sequence of the genes DNMT1, IDH2, TET1, and TET2. Association between SNPs and periodontitis was analyzed by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, and smoking. Subgroup analyses on participants aged 40-49 years were performed. Results: In participants aged 40-49 years, homozygous carriage of minor A-allele of rs2288349 (DNMT1) was associated with decreased susceptibility to periodontitis (grade A: odds ratio [OR] 0.55; p = 0.014: grade B/C OR 0.48; p = 0.004). The minor A-allele of rs10010325 (TET2) was associated with increased susceptibility to periodontitis (grade A OR 1.69; p = 0.035: grade B/C OR 1.90; p = 0.014). In the entire sample, homozygous carriage of the G-allele of rs35474715 (IDH2) was associated with having ≤24 teeth (OR 1.31; p = 0.018). Homozygous carriage of the A-allele of TET2 was associated with hs-CRP≥3 mg/L (OR 1.37; p = 0.025) and HbA1c≥6.5% (OR 1.62; p = 0.028). Conclusions: In this Norwegian population, there were associations between polymorphism in genes related to DNA methylation and periodontitis, tooth loss, low-grade inflammation, and hyperglycemia.
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| 12. |
- Axelsson, Per, 1933
(författare)
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Commentary: periodontitis is preventable
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - Chicago : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 85:10, s. 1303-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Baumgartner, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of the stone age diet on gingival conditions in the absence of oral hygiene.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 80:5, s. 759-768
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the oral microbiota and clinical data in subjects without access to traditional oral hygiene methods and who ate a diet available in the Stone Age.METHODS: Ten subjects living in an environment replicating the Stone Age for 4 weeks were enrolled in this study. Bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival and plaque indices, and probing depth (PD) were assessed at baseline and at 4 weeks. Microbiologic samples were collected at the mesio-buccal subgingival aspects of all teeth and from the dorsum of the tongue and were processed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization methods.RESULTS: No subject had periodontitis. Mean BOP decreased from 34.8% to 12.6% (P <0.001). Mean gingival index scores changed from 0.38 to 0.43 (not statistically significant) and mean plaque scores increased from 0.68 to 1.47 (P <0.001). PD at sites of subgingival sampling decreased (mean difference: 0.2 mm; P <0.001). At week 4, the total bacterial count was higher (P <0.001) for 24 of 74 species, including Bacteroides ureolyticus, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Capnocytophaga ochracea, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum naviforme, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Staphylococcus aureus (two strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus anginosis, and Streptococcus mitis. Bacterial counts from tongue samples were higher at baseline (P <0.001) for 20 species, including Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans; serotype a), and Streptococcus spp.CONCLUSIONS: The experimental gingivitis protocol is not applicable if the diet (e.g., Stone Age) does not include refined sugars. Although plaque levels increased, BOP and PD decreased. Subgingival bacterial counts increased for several species not linked to periodontitis, whereas tongue bacterial samples decreased during the study period.
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| 15. |
- Becker, W, et al.
(författare)
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Histologic findings after implantation and evaluation of different grafting materials and titanium micro screws into extraction sockets: case reports.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 69:4, s. 414-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to compare extraction socket healing in 8 patients after implantation with either xenogenic bovine bone (n=5 sites), demineralized freeze-dried bone (DFDBA) (n=3 sites), autologous bone (n=3 sites), or human bone morphogenetic proteins in an osteocalcein/osteonectin carrier (hBMP/NCP) (n=2 sites). Three of the patients received 6 commercially pure micro screws which were fixed into extraction sockets, after which the sockets were implanted with either bovine bone (n=3 sites), DFDBA (n=2 sites) or intraoral autologous bone (n=1 site). Biopsies of the extraction sockets were taken from 3 to 6 months after treatment (average, 4.6 months). For comparison of healing between the implanted materials, histologic evaluation and bone scores were determined. Bone scores of 0 indicated an absence of new bone, with dead implanted bone particles entrapped within connective tissue, while a score of 3 indicated the entire field consisted of vital bone. Biopsies from bovine bone sockets revealed dead implanted particles surrounded by connective tissue. Isolated sections showed host bone in contact with the bovine bone particles. Bone scores ranged from 0 to 3. Biopsies from DFDBA-implanted sites revealed dead particles entrapped with dense connective tissue. The bone scores ranged from 0 to 1. Biopsies from sites implanted with hBMP/NCP revealed a combination of woven and lamellar bone with bone scores of 3. Five of the 6 micro screws were processed and evaluated. One screw was mobile at the time of removal and was not evaluated. Bone scores were used to compare new bone formation adjacent to the micro screws. Bone scores ranged from 0 to 2. A score of 0 indicated non-vital implant material in contact with host bone and connective tissue in contact with implant; 2 indicated vital bone in contact with the majority of the implant surface. Retrieved sockets with micro screws implanted with bovine bone (n=2) demonstrated a connective tissue interface between the screws and the surrounding tissues (bone score 0). The adjacent tissues showed dead bovine particles entrapped within fibrous tissue. Retrieved screws implanted with DFDBA (n=2) were surrounded by connective tissue, with dead bone particles enmeshed within fibrous tissue (bone score 0). The screw implanted with intra-oral autologous bone was primarily surrounded by vital bone with a connective tissue interface (bone score 1). Three implant threads were in contact with bone. The results of this study indicate that bovine bone, DFDBA, and intraoral autologous bone do not promote extraction socket healing. Sockets implanted with hBMP/NCP contained vital woven and lamellar bone. Xenogenic bovine bone and DFDBA did not contribute to bone to micro screw contacts and are not recommended for enhancement of vital bone to implant contacts. Intraoral autogenous bone also does not appear to significantly contribute to bone to implant contacts. Intraoral autologous bone, xenogenic bone, and DFDBA appear to interfere with normal extraction socket healing.
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| 16. |
- Becker, William, et al.
(författare)
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Implant stability measurements for implants placed at the time of extraction : a cohort, prospective clinical trial
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - Chicago : American academy of periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 76:3, s. 391-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies indicate that implants placed at the time of extraction have high success rates. Implants must be stable at the time of insertion. Presently there are no data indicating the degree of implant stability when implants are placed at the time of extraction. This study evaluated changes in stability of implants from implant placement to abutment connection utilizing resonance frequency analysis (RFA). The unit of measurement was the international stability quotient (ISQ).Methods: Prior to treatment, patients were given medical history and dental evaluations. Periapical and panogram radiographs were taken. Fifty-two patients requiring extraction of one or two teeth and implant placement immediately after extraction were enrolled in this study. Under conscious sedation and local anesthesia or local anesthesia alone, teeth were atraumatically removed and the extraction sockets were debrided. A total of 73 dental implants (57 in the maxilla, 16 in the mandible) were placed. Using a one-stage approach, all implants were placed within the patient's alveolar envelope and were never placed directly into extraction sockets. All implants were placed into contained extraction sites. Bone augmentation procedures were not performed. After implant insertion, the RFA electronic transducer was attached to the head of the implant with the retaining screw. The device was attached to a computer designed to register RFA scores in ISQ units. RFA measurements were taken at implant placement and abutment connection. Bone qualities, quantity, implant length and width as well as site of placement were recorded.Results: The average interval between implant insertion and abutment connection was 5.6 months (SD 2.05). Two implants were lost between implant insertion and 1 year. At 2 to 3 years, the cumulative survival was 97.2%. Resonance frequency measurements at implant placement showed a mean primary stability of 62.0 (SE 1.1; range 43 to 83 ISQ) and a mean secondary stability after 1 year of 64.0 (SE 1.2; range 40 to 98 ISQ) for all implants. The increase was marginally significant (generalized estimating equation z-statistic = 1.79; P value = 0.07).Conclusions: Implants placed at the time of extraction and inserted into native bone and not directly into extractions sockets have a high degree of initial stability as evidenced by RFA measurements. Implants with initial high ISQ levels revealed a slight drop in levels over time, while implants with levels lower than 60 had increases in levels between implant insertion and abutment connection. At 2 to 3 years the cumulative survival rate was 97.2%.
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| 17. |
- Becker, William, et al.
(författare)
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Minimally invasive flapless implant placement: follow-up results from a multicenter study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 80:2, s. 347-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The placement of implants using a minimally invasive flapless approach has the potential to reduce operative bleeding and postoperative discomfort and minimize crestal bone loss. This article presents follow-up data on a prospective clinical study of implants placed using a flapless procedure. METHODS: The original study reported on 57 patients (33 female patients with an age range of 24 to 86 years; 24 male patients with an age range of 27 to 81 years) recruited from three clinical centers (Tucson, Arizona; Gothenburg, Sweden; and Tel Aviv, Israel) who received 79 implants. After an average of 3 years and 8 months, the patients were contacted and invited to return to their respective clinics for reexamination. Thirty-seven patients with 52 implants returned for a follow-up examination; the remaining 20 patients (27 implants) were not available for reexamination and were considered study drop-outs. RESULTS: The cumulative survival rate at the 3- to 4-year follow-up examination remains at 98.7%, reflecting the loss of one implant. The mean probing depth at abutment connection was 2.2 mm, as reported in the initial study (examination 2 at approximately 2 years postplacement); it was 2.4 mm at the 3- to 4-year second follow-up examination. This change was not clinically or statistically significant. Bleeding score changes also were not significant between the two intervals. The average crestal bone level was -0.7 mm at examination 2 and -0.8 mm at examination 3, a change that approached significance (P <0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive flapless surgery offers patients the possibility of high implant predictability with clinically insignificant crestal bone loss for up to 4 years. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning are key factors in achieving predictable outcomes.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bertl, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Are colored periodontal probes reliable to classify the gingival phenotype in terms of gingival thickness?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 93:3, s. 412-422
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This cross-sectional study assessed the potential of colored periodontal probes (CPP) to classify gingival phenotype in terms of gingival thickness (GT).Methods: Buccal GT in 3 anterior teeth in each of 50 patients was measured by transgingival sounding and classified by 3 different methods by 8 examiners. Specifically, the diagnostic potential of visual judgement and transparency of a standard periodontal probe (SPP) to discriminate thin and thick gingiva, and of CPP to discriminate thin, medium, thick, or very thick gingiva was assessed.Results: GT ranged from 0.57-2.37mm. Using CPP resulted in a medium judgement in 87% of the cases, on average, and only between 1-10 cases/examiner were judged as thick or very thick. Considering 1mm GT as relevant cut-off value, all methods showed a high positive predictive value (≥0.82) to identify thick cases, but also a high false omission rate (≥0.73) indicating that many cases classified as thin were actually thick. Further, 88% of the cases being ≤1mm, were not classified as thin with CPP; this was inferior to SPP, for which, however, still 64% of the cases being ≤1mm thick were wrongly classified. The highest, yet moderate agreement among examiners was achieved by SPP (κ = 0.427), while visual judgement and CPP showed only fair (κ = 0.211) and slight agreement (κ = 0.112), respectively.
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| 20. |
- Bertl, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Does the time-point of orthodontic space closure initiation after tooth extraction affect the incidence of gingival cleft development? A randomized controlled clinical trial.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 91:5, s. 572-581
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Gingival clefts (GC) develop frequently during orthodontic space closure and may compromise the treatment outcome. This study assessed whether the time-point of orthodontic space closure initiation, after permanent tooth extraction, affects the incidence of GC. Methods: In 25 patients requiring bilateral premolar extraction due to orthodontic reasons, one premolar, chosen at random, was extracted 8 weeks before space closure initiation (“delayed movement”, DM), while the contralateral premolar was extracted one week before (“early movement”, EM) (“treatment group”). Presence/absence of GC after 3 and 6 months (“time-point”) was recorded and any association with various parameters (i.e., treatment group, time-point, gender, jaw, craniofacial growth, gingival biotype, buccal bone dehiscence after extraction, space closure) was statistically assessed. Results: Twenty-one patients contributing with 26 jaws were finally included in the analysis. Overall, GC were frequent after 3 (DM: 53.9%; EM: 69.2%) and 6 months (DM: 76.9%; EM: 88.5%). EM (p=0.014) and larger space closure within the study period (p=0.001) resulted in a significantly higher incidence of GC. Further, there was a tendency for GC development in the presence of buccal bone dehiscence (p=0.052) and thin gingival biotype (p=0.054). “Fast movers” (herein cases with a tooth movement ≥ 1mm per month) developed a GC in > 90% of the cases already after 3 months. “Slow movers” developed a GC only in 25 and 70% after 3m and FE, respectively. Conclusions: GC development is a frequent finding during orthodontic space closure and seems to occur more frequently with early tooth movement initiation and in “fast movers”.
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| 21. |
- Bertl, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have more oral health problems and higher costs of professional dental care than healthy controls : The Periodontitis Prevalence in ulcerative Colitis and Crohn disease (PPCC) case-control study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 95:2, s. 159-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To describe the frequency and impact of oral lesions and professional dental care costs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (i.e., Crohn disease [CD] or ulcerative colitis [UC]) compared to matched controls).Methods: IBD patients and matched controls were surveyed on general anamnestic information, eating and drinking habits, and oral health- and dental care-related questions; IBD patients were additionally surveyed on oral lesions. Problems related to oral lesions and the amount of money spent for professional dental care in the past 12 months were defined as primary outcome parameters.Results: Answers from 1108 IBD patients and 3429 controls were analyzed. About 30% of the patients indicated having had problems with oral lesions, with CD patients having 46% higher odds and having them more often in a generalized form compared to UC patients. Further, self-reported severe periodontitis increased the odds of having oral lesions by almost 2.3-times. However, only about 12.5% of IBD patients were informed by their physician about oral lesions and about 10% indicated receiving treatment for them. Compared to controls, IBD patients required more often dental treatment and spent more money; specifically, UC and CD patients had 27 and 89% higher odds, respectively, for having spent ≥3000 DKK (ca. 440 USD) at the dentist compared to controls.Conclusions: IBD patients have more often oral health problems and higher expenses for professional dental care compared to matched controls. This included problems with IBD-related oral lesions, but these are rarely addressed by the medical or dental team.Keywords: Crohn disease; case-control studies; colitis; dental care; inflammatory bowel diseases; surveys and questionnaires; ulcerative.
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| 22. |
- Bertl, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Relative Composition of Fibrous Connective and Fatty/Glandular Tissue in Connective Tissue Grafts Depends on the Harvesting Technique but not the Donor Site of the Hard Palate
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : American Academy of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 86:12, s. 1331-1339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Whether the composition of palatal connective tissue grafts (CTGs) varies depending on donor site or harvesting technique in terms of relative amounts of fibrous connective tissue (CT) and fatty/glandular tissue (FGT) is currently unknown and is histologically assessed in the present study. METHODS: In 10 fresh human cadavers, tissue samples were harvested in the anterior and posterior palate and in areas close to (marginal) and distant from (apical) the mucosal margin. Mucosal thickness, lamina propria thickness (defined as the extent of subepithelial portion of the biopsy containing ≤25% or ≤50% FGT), and proportions of CT and FGT were semi-automatically estimated for the entire mucosa and for CTGs virtually harvested by split-flap (SF) preparation minimum 1 mm deep or after deepithelialization (DE). RESULTS: Palatal mucosal thickness, ranging from 2.35 to 6.89 mm, and histologic composition showed high interindividual variability. Lamina propria thickness (P >0.21) and proportions of CT (P = 0.48) and FGT (P = 0.15) did not differ significantly among the donor sites (anterior, posterior, marginal, apical). However, thicker palatal tissue was associated with higher FGT content (P <0.01) and thinner lamina propria (P ≤0.03). Independent of the donor site, DE-harvested CTG contained a significantly higher proportion of CT and a lower proportion of FGT than an SF-harvested CTG (P <0.04). CONCLUSION: Despite high interindividual variability in terms of relative tissue composition in the hard palate, DE-harvested CTG contains much larger amounts of CT and much lower amounts of FGT than SF-harvested CTG, irrespective of the harvesting site.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Bogren, Anna, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and microbiologic changes associated with the combined use of a powered toothbrush and a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice: a 3-year prospective study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 78:9, s. 1708-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Different means are available for self-performed oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic effects of a preventive homecare program including the combined use of a powered toothbrush and a triclosan/copolymer-containing dentifrice. METHODS: A total of 160 adult subjects without signs of destructive periodontal disease were recruited for this 3-year randomized controlled trial. The subjects were assigned to a homecare program using an oscillating/rotating powered toothbrush and a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride-containing dentifrice (test) or a manual toothbrush and a standard fluoride-containing dentifrice (control). Supragingival polishing and reinforcement of homecare procedures were provided every 6 months. Plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were scored at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years and were analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. All data analyses were based on "intention-to-treat" with the subject as the statistical unit. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, no significant changes in clinical parameters were observed during the 3 years, except for a reduction in the mean PD at the 2- and 3-year follow-up examinations (P <0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to plaque, BOP, or PD or in the mean counts of the 40 species at any time point. CONCLUSION: The study failed to prove additional benefits of the combined use of a powered toothbrush and a triclosan/copolymer-containing dentifrice in adult subjects without signs of destructive periodontal disease.
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| 26. |
- Bogren, Anna, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Locally Delivered Doxycycline During Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A 3-Year Study.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 79:5, s. 827-835
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adjunctive locally delivered antibiotics during maintenance may favor the control of periodontal infections. This study evaluated the long-term clinical and microbiologic effects of yearly locally delivered controlled-release doxycycline as an adjunct to mechanical debridement. Methods: A total of 128 periodontal maintenance patients having at least four teeth with probing depth (PD) >/=5 mm were randomly assigned to local application of doxycycline gel at baseline and 1 and 2 years as an adjunct to mechanical debridement (test) or mechanical debridement only (control). Supportive periodontal therapy (mechanical debridement, polishing, and oral hygiene reinforcement) was provided every 6 months. Plaque, bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and relative attachment level (RAL) were scored at baseline; 3 months; and 1, 2, and 3 years. Subgingival plaque samples were taken at each examination and analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species. Data analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis with the subject as the statistical unit. Results: Significant reductions in BOP, PD, RAL, and the mean counts of a number of target species between baseline and 3 years were documented for both treatment groups, whereas plaque scores remained unchanged. A statistically significant difference in favor of the adjunctive doxycycline therapy was found between the two groups only at the 3-month examination for BOP, PD, and RAL and for a minority of bacterial species at 2 years. Conclusion: Although short-term effects on clinical parameters were found with the adjunctive use of locally delivered doxycycline, repeated applications annually had no clinical or microbiologic effects beyond those observed with mechanical debridement alone in maintenance patients.
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| 27. |
- Bornstein, Michael M, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiological findings in subjects with asymptomatic oral lichen planus : a cross-sectional comparative study.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 79:12, s. 2347-2355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The bacterial colonization of the oral mucosa was evaluated in patients with asymptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) and compared to the microbiologic status in mucosally healthy subjects.METHODS: Bacteria from patients with clinically and histopathologically diagnosed OLP from the Stomatology Service, Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, were collected with a non-invasive swab system. Samples were taken from OLP lesions on the gingiva and from non-affected sites on the contralateral side of the mouth. The control population did not have OLP and was recruited from the student clinic. All samples were processed with the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method using well-defined bacterial species for the analysis.RESULTS: Significantly higher bacterial counts of Bacteroides ureolyticus (P = 0.001), Dialister species (sp.) (P = 0.006), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (P = 0.007), and Streptococcus agalactiae (P = 0.006) were found in samples taken from OLP lesions compared to sites with no clinical evidence of OLP. Significantly higher bacterial counts were found for Capnocytophaga sputigena, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus crispatus, Mobiluncus curtisii, Neisseria mucosa, Prevotella bivia, Prevotella intermedia, and S. agalactiae at sites with lesions in subjects with OLP compared to sites in control subjects (P <0.001).CONCLUSIONS: Microbiologic differences were found between sites with OLP and sites in subjects without a diagnosis of OLP. Specifically, higher counts of staphylococci and S. agalactiae were found in OLP lesions.
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| 28. |
- Brannigan, Liam, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of Subsurface Anticyclones at Arctic Surface Fronts due to a Surface Stress
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 47:11, s. 2653-2671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isolated anticyclones are frequently observed below the mixed layer in the Arctic Ocean. Some of these subsurface anticyclones are thought to originate at surface fronts. However, previous idealized simulations with no surface stress show that only cyclone–anticyclone dipoles can propagate away from baroclinically unstable surface fronts. Numerical simulations of fronts subject to a surface stress presented here show that a surface stress in the same direction as the geostrophic flow inhibits dipole propagation away from the front. On the other hand, a surface stress in the opposite direction to the geostrophic flow helps dipoles to propagate away from the front. Regardless of the surface stress at the point of dipole formation, these dipoles can be broken up on a time scale of days when a surface stress is applied in the right direction. The dipole breakup leads to the deeper anticyclonic component becoming an isolated subsurface eddy. The breakup of the dipole occurs because the cyclonic component of the dipole in the mixed layer is subject to an additional advection because of the Ekman flow. When the Ekman transport has a component oriented from the anticyclonic part of the dipole toward the cyclonic part then the cyclone is advected away from the anticyclone and the dipole is broken up. When the Ekman transport is in other directions relative to the dipole axis, it also leads to deviations in the trajectory of the dipole. A scaling is presented for the rate at which the surface cyclone is advected that holds across a range of mixed layer depths and surface stress magnitudes in these simulations. The results may be relevant to other regions of the ocean with similar near-surface stratification profiles.
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| 29. |
- Brannigan, Liam, et al.
(författare)
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Submesoscale Instabilities in Mesoscale Eddies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 47:12, s. 3061-3085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Submesoscale processes have been extensively studied in observations and simulations of fronts. Recent idealized simulations show that submesoscale instabilities also occur in baroclinic mesoscale cyclones and anticyclones. The instabilities in the anticyclone grow faster and at coarser grid resolution than in the cyclone. The instabilities lead to larger restratification in the anticyclone than in the cyclone. The instabilities also lead to changes in the mean azimuthal jet around the anticyclone from 2-km resolution, but a similar effect only occurs in the cyclone at 0.25-km resolution. A numerical passive tracer experiment shows that submesoscale instabilities lead to deeper subduction in the interior of anticyclonic than cyclonic eddies because of outcropping isopycnals extending deeper into the thermocline in anticyclones. An energetic analysis suggests that both vertical shear production and vertical buoyancy fluxes are important in anticyclones but primarily vertical buoyancy fluxes occur in cyclones at these resolutions. The energy sources and sinks vary azimuthally around the eddies caused by the asymmetric effects of the Ekman buoyancy flux. Glider transects of a mesoscale anticyclone in the Tasman Sea show that water with low stratification and high oxygen concentrations is found in an anticyclone, in a manner that may be consistent with the model predictions for submesoscale subduction in mesoscale eddies.
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| 30. |
- Brodeau, Laurent, et al.
(författare)
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Climatologically significant effects of some approximations in the bulk parameterizations of turbulent air-sea fluxes
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 47:1, s. 5-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper quantifies the impacts of approximations and assumptions in the parameterization of bulk formulae on the exchange of momentum, heat, and freshwater computed between the ocean and atmosphere. An ensemble of sensitivity experiments are examined. Climatologies of wind stress, turbulent heat flux, and evaporation for the 1982-2014 period are computed using SST and surface meteorological state variables from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. Each experiment differs from the defined control experiment in only one aspect of the parameterization of the bulk formulae. The wind stress is most sensitive to the closure used to relate the neutral drag coefficient to the wind speed in the bulk algorithm, which mainly involves the value of the Charnock parameter. The disagreement between the state-of-the-art algorithms examined is typically of the order of 10%. The largest uncertainties in turbulent heat flux and evaporation are also related to the choice of the algorithm (typically 15%), but also emerge in experiments examining approximations related to the surface temperature and saturation humidity. Thus, approximations for the skin temperature and the salt-related reduction of saturation humidity have a substantial impact on the heat flux and evaporation (typically 10%). Approximations such as the use of a fixed air density, sea level pressure, or simplified formula for the saturation humidity, lead to errors no larger than 4% when tested individually. The impacts of these approximations combine linearly when implemented together, yielding errors up to 20% over mid- and subpolar latitudes.
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| 31. |
- Broomé, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Stationary Sea Surface Height Anomalies in Cyclonic Boundary Currents : Conservation of Potential Vorticity and Deviations from Strict Topographic Steering
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 46:8, s. 2437-2456
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In high-latitude subpolar seas, such as the Nordic seas and the Labrador Sea, time-mean geostrophic currents mediate the bulk of the meridional oceanic heat transport. These currents are primarily encountered along the continental slopes as intense cyclonic boundary currents, which, because of the relatively weak stratification, should be strongly steered by the bottom topography. However, analyses of hydrographic and satellite altimetric data along depth contours in Nordic seas boundary currents reveal some remarkable, stationary, along-stream variations in the depth-integrated buoyancy and bottom pressure. A closer examination shows that these variations are linked to changes in steepness and curvature of the continental slope. To examine the underlying dynamics, a steady-state model of a cyclonic stratified boundary current over a topographic slope is developed in the limit of small Rossby numbers. Based on potential vorticity conservation, equations for the zeroth-and first-order pressure and buoyancy fields are derived. To the lowest order, the flow is completely aligned with the bottom topography. However, the first-order results show that where the lowest-order flow increases (decreases) its relative vorticity along a depth contour, the first-order pressure and depthintegrated buoyancy increase (decrease). This response is associated with cross-isobath flows, which induce stretching/compression of fluid elements that compensates for the changes in relative vorticity. The model-predicted along-isobath variations in pressure and depth-integrated buoyancy are comparable in magnitude to the ones found in the observational data from the Nordics Seas.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Buranawat, B, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a Beta-Calcium Metaphosphate Bone Graft Containing Bone Morphogenetic Protein- 7 (OP-1) in Rabbit Maxillary Defects.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 1943-3670 .- 0022-3492. ; 85:2, s. 298-307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Calcium phosphate based materials have been widely used as bone substitutes and more recently are being exploited together with growth factors as bone tissue engineering scaffolds regulating cell behavior. The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo response to a newly developed calcium metaphosphate bone graft, with and without bone stimulating growth factor. Materials and methods: Porous scaffolds of β calcium metaphosphate (CMP) were developed and extensively tested in vitro. Subsequently, CMP grafts with osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1) (test) and, without (control) were implanted into experimental rabbit maxillary bone defects. Animals were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 weeks and samples examined with micro-computed tomography (µCT) and processed for histomorphometric analysis. Results: At 8 weeks the scaffolds containing OP-1 induced greater bone formation (P=0.018) than CMP alone, based on histomorphometric evaluation, % Bone area [Test 57.1±5.6 and Control 49.4±7.7] and micro-CT analysis, % Bone volume density (BV/TV) [Test 63.46±5.61 and Control 51.20±6.71]. Thus, this data indicated that both test and control CMP grafts showed a good degree of bone formation. Furthermore, the CMP materials showed signs of resorption from 4 weeks and no graft materials were observed at 8 weeks. Conclusion: In vitro the OP-1 loaded graft demonstrated a release profile and bioactivity over a 28 day period. In vivo testing confirmed enhanced bone formation of the OP-1 loaded graft after 8 weeks of healing.
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| 34. |
- Caneill, Romain, et al.
(författare)
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The Polar Transition from Alpha to Beta Regions Set by a Surface Buoyancy Flux Inversion
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 52:8, s. 1887-1902
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stratification is primarily controlled by temperature in subtropical regions (alpha ocean) and by salinity in subpolar regions (beta ocean). Between these two regions lies a transition zone, often characterized by deep mixed layers in winter and responsible for the ventilation of intermediate or deep layers. While of primary interest, no consensus on what controls its position exists yet. Among the potential candidates, we find the wind distribution, air-sea fluxes, or the nonlinear cabbeling effect. Using an ocean general circulation model in an idealized basin configuration, a sensitivity analysis is performed testing different equations of state. More precisely, the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) temperature dependence is explored, changing the impact of heat fluxes on buoyancy fluxes in a series of experiments. The polar transition zone is found to be located at the position where the sign of the surface buoyancy flux reverses to become positive, in the subpolar region, while wind or cabbeling are likely of secondary importance. This inversion becomes possible because the TEC is reducing at low temperature, enhancing in return the relative impact of freshwater fluxes on the buoyancy forcing at high latitudes. When the TEC is made artificially larger at low temperature, the freshwater flux required to produce a positive buoyancy flux increases and the polar transition moves poleward. These experimets demonstrate the important role of competing heat and freshwater fluxes in setting the position of the transition zone. This competition is primarily influenced by the spatial variations of the TEC linked to meridional variations of the surface temperature.
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| 35. |
- Caneill, Romain, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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The Polar Transition from Alpha to Beta Regions Set by a Surface Buoyancy Flux Inversion
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 52, s. 1887-1902
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The stratification is primarily controlled by temperature in subtropical regions (alpha ocean) and by salinity in subpolar regions (beta ocean). Between these two regions lies a transition zone, often characterized by deep mixed layers in winter and responsible for the ventilation of intermediate or deep layers. While of primary interest, no consensus on what controls its position exists yet. Among the potential candidates, we find the wind distribution, air–sea fluxes, or the nonlinear cabbeling effect. Using an ocean general circulation model in an idealized basin configuration, a sensitivity analysis is performed testing different equations of state. More precisely, the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) temperature dependence is explored, changing the impact of heat fluxes on buoyancy fluxes in a series of experiments. The polar transition zone is found to be located at the position where the sign of the surface buoyancy flux reverses to become positive, in the subpolar region, while wind or cabbeling are likely of secondary importance. This inversion becomes possible because the TEC is reducing at low temperature, enhancing in return the relative impact of freshwater fluxes on the buoyancy forcing at high latitudes. When the TEC is made artificially larger at low temperature, the freshwater flux required to produce a positive buoyancy flux increases and the polar transition moves poleward. These experimets demonstrate the important role of competing heat and freshwater fluxes in setting the position of the transition zone. This competition is primarily influenced by the spatial variations of the TEC linked to meridional variations of the surface temperature.
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| 36. |
- Carcuac, Olivier, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Modified-free gingival graft technique for treatment of gingival recession defects at mandibular incisors: A randomized clinical trial
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 94:6, s. 722-730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and patient-reported outcomes following surgical root coverage at RT1 gingival recession defects at mandibular incisors, using either a conventional free gingival graft (FGG) or a modified FGG (ModFGG). MethodsTotal of 30 patients with RT1 gingival recessions at mandibular incisors were enrolled and randomly allocated to either a control (FGG) or test group (ModFGG). Evaluations of clinical changes (recession depth, height of keratinized tissue) and patient satisfaction were performed over a follow-up period of 12 months. Post-surgical changes of keratinized tissue height (shrinkage) were assessed from 1 month and onward. ResultsModFGG resulted in more pronounced root coverage at 1 year compared to FGG (91.8% vs. 60.7%, p < 0.001). Height of keratinized tissue was improved by 4.2 and 2.2 mm (p < 0.001), respectively, with significantly less shrinkage in ModFGG. Post-surgical morbidity was significantly lower for ModFGG at 2 weeks and patient satisfaction was significantly higher 12 months after treatment (9.1 vs. 5.4; p < 0.001). ConclusionsModFGG represents a valid approach for the management of RT1 recession defects at mandibular incisors. The technique is superior to traditional FGG in terms of root coverage, the gain of keratinized tissue height, and patient satisfaction.
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| 37. |
- Carlsson, Björn, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of a roughness length model and sea surface properties with data from the Baltic Sea
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 40:9, s. 2007-2024
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exchange of momentum between the oceans and atmosphere is important for many atmospheric and oceanic processes and is mainly governed by the roughness of sea surface. The roughness can be expressed by a roughness length z0. A roughness length model, based on the concept that z0 is determined by stochastic wave breaking, is presented. The model performance is evaluated using measurements from the Östergarnsholm site, in the Baltic Sea, and pertinent information from other recent investigations. The wave field and the roughness length variations are investigated during various sea state conditions dominated by wind-driven waves. It is found that several parameters, describing the characteristics of the wave field, are dependent on the amount of energy that long waves have relative to the energy of short, wind-driven waves of the sea spectrum (called the swell ratio). The impact of swell ratio on z0 can explain the discrepancies found in various results among relevant investigations. The roughness length model can well reproduce the observed roughness length.
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| 38. |
- Carlsson, G, et al.
(författare)
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Periodontal disease in patients from the original Kostmann family with severe congenital neutropenia
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 77:4, s. 744-751
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with Kostmann syndrome (severe congenital neutropenia [SCN]) typically normalize their absolute neutrophil count (ANC) upon granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy. However, although they no longer experience life-threatening bacterial infections, they frequently still have recurrent gingivitis and even severe periodontitis, often starting in early childhood. METHODS: We studied the periodontal disease in the four surviving patients belonging to the family originally described by Kostmann. Their odontological records, x-rays, color photos, bacterial cultures, serum antibodies to oral bacteria, and histopathological examinations were reviewed. The data were also correlated to previous investigations on their antibacterial peptides and molecular biology. RESULTS: Three patients had periodontal disease, despite normal ANC and professional dental care, and had neutrophils deficient in antibacterial peptides. One of these patients also had a heterozygous mutation in the neutrophil elastase gene, had severe periodontal disease and overgrowth of the periodontal pathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in the dental flora, and 15 permanent teeth had been extracted by the age of 27. One bone marrow-transplanted patient had no periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Normalized ANC levels are not sufficient to maintain normal oral health in SCN patients, and because neutrophils are important for first-line defense and innate immunity, the deficiency of the antibacterial peptide LL-37 probably explains their chronic periodontal disease. Professional dental care is still important for SCN patients, despite treatment with G-CSF and normal ANC levels. Whether antibacterial peptides play a role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis in other patients remains to be elucidated.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Chai, Wen Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a novel model for the investigation of implant-soft tissue interface.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 1943-3670 .- 0022-3492. ; 81:8, s. 1187-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In dental implant treatment, the long-term prognosis is dependent on the biologic seal formed by the soft tissue around the implant. The in vitro investigation of the implant-soft tissue interface is usually carried out using a monolayer cell-culture model that lacks a polarized-cell phenotype. This study developed a tissue-engineered three-dimensional oral mucosal model (3D OMM) to investigate the implant-soft tissue interface. METHODS: A 3D OMM was constructed using primary human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts cultured on a skin-derived scaffold at an air-liquid interface. A titanium implant was inserted into the engineered oral mucosa and further cultured to establish epithelial attachment. The 3D OMM was characterized using basic histology and immunostaining for cytokeratin (CK) 10 and CK13. Histomorphometric analyses of the implant-soft tissue interface were carried out using a light-microscopy (LM) examination of ground sections and semi-thin sections as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry analyses suggests that the engineered oral mucosa closely resembles the normal oral mucosa. The LM and SEM examinations reveal that the 3D OMM forms an epithelial attachment on the titanium surface. CONCLUSION: The 3D OMM provided mimicking peri-implant features as seen in an in vivo model and has the potential to be used as a relevant alternative model to assess implant-soft tissue interactions.
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| 41. |
- Christensen, Kai Håkon, et al.
(författare)
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On the variability in the onset of the Norwegian Coastal Current
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 48, s. 723-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 American Meteorological Society. A high-resolution reanalysis of the circulation in the Kattegat and Skagerrak is used to investigate the mechanisms that control the variability in the onset of the Norwegian Coastal Current. In the reanalysis, the authors have used all available in situ and remote sensing observations of salinity and temperature and use surface current observations from two coastal high-frequency radars that were ideally placed to monitor the exchange between the two basins. This study finds a strong correlation between the variability in the wind forcing in the Skagerrak and the transport in the Norwegian Coastal Current through the Torungen-Hirtshals section. Two cases with winds into and out of the Skagerrak are studied in more detail, and the results suggest asymmetries in the forcing mechanisms. For winds out of the Skagerrak, strong outflows of Baltic Sea Water associated with a deflection of the Kattegat-Skagerrak Front may disrupt local processes in the Skagerrak, which is not accounted for in previously published conceptual models for the variability of the coastal currents in this region.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Dierens, Melissa, et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Follow-Up of Turned Single Implants Placed in Periodontally Healthy Patients After 16 to 22 Years : Microbiologic Outcome
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : Amer Acad Periodontology. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 84:7, s. 880-894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Survival rates in implant dentistry today are high, although late failures do occur for many reasons, including peri-implant infections. The primary objective of this study is to investigate microbiota around single turned implants after 16 to 22 years. Secondary objectives are to compare teeth and implants and to correlate microbiologic, radiographic, and clinical parameters. Methods: A total of 46 patients with single implants were invited for a clinical examination. Clinical datawere collected from implants and contralateral natural teeth. Radiographic bone level was measured around implants. Microbiologic samples were taken from implants, contralateral teeth, and the deepest pocket per quadrant. Samples were analyzed with DNA-DNA hybridization including 40 species. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, McNemar tests, and Spearman correlation coefficients with a 0.05 significance level. Results: Mean follow-up was 18.5 years (range 16 to 22 years). Tannerella forsythia (1.5 x 10(5)) and Veillonella parvula (1.02 x 10(5)) showed the highest concentrations around implants and teeth, respectively. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and T. forsythia were significantly more present around implants than teeth. Mean counts were significantly higher around implants than teeth for Parvimonas micra, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Total DNA count was correlated to interproximal bleeding index (r = 0.409) and interproximal probing depth (r = 0.307). No correlations were present with plaque index or radiographic bone level. Conclusions: In the present study, bacterial counts around single implants in periodontally healthy patients are rather low. Although pathogenic bacteria are present, some in higher numbers around implants than teeth (five of 40), the majority of implants present with healthy peri-implant tissues without progressive bone loss.
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| 44. |
- Dogan, B, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of periodontal microflora in acute myocardial infarction.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 76:5, s. 740-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Periodontitis has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Systemic reactions associated with cardiovascular events may depend on characteristics of the subgingival microflora in periodontitis. Our objectives were to compare the numbers of cultivable bacteria, composition of subgingival microflora and clonal distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in two groups of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), one with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI-GCP) and the other one without AMI (non-AMI-GCP). METHODS: In all, 150 dentate individuals were screened for suitability to this study. Subgingival bacterial samples were collected from 11 AMI-GCP and 11 non-AMI-GCP patients who had been selected using strict inclusion criteria in an attempt to exclude confounding factors and to increase comparability of periodontal conditions by matching for periodontal probing depths and attachment levels. Culture methods were used to determine the total viable counts and occurrence and proportions of six periodontal bacterial species and yeasts. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect A. actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Intraspecies characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans included serotyping and genotyping. RESULTS: The mean proportions of P. gingivalis (P = 0.05) and Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) (P = 0.01) were significantly lower, but the numbers of Micromonas micros (M. micros) and A. actinomycetemcomitans were up to nine times higher and the mean total number of cultivable bacteria per sample higher (P <0.01) in AMI-GCP than in non-AMI-GCP. CONCLUSION: The findings that no target subgingival species were overrepresented but the total bacterial number was higher in AMI-GCP than non-AMI-GCP patients may provide support to the hypothesis that elevated numbers of bacteria in close vicinity to sterile parenteral area present a risk for systemic health.
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| 45. |
- Dogan, B, et al.
(författare)
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Subgingival microflora in Turkish patients with periodontitis.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 74:6, s. 803-814
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: No information exists on periodontitis-associated subgingival microbiota from Turkey. We determined the occurrence, interspecies relationships, and clonal characteristics for a group of periodontal bacteria in a Turkish study population. METHODS: Subgingival microbial samples were obtained from patients with localized (LAgP, N = 18) or generalized (GAgP, N = 17) types of aggressive periodontitis, generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP, N = 14), and non-periodontitis subjects (N = 20). Culture methods were used to recover 6 periodontal bacterial species and yeasts, and a polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Intraspecies characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans was carried out by serotyping and genotyping. RESULTS: All species, except for Micromonas micros (formerly Peptostreptococcus micros) occurred more frequently (P < 0.05) in periodontitis than non-periodontitis subjects. Detection frequencies for Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus) and Campylobacter rectus differed among the periodontitis subgroups; the lowest frequency occurred in LAgP. The mean proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and C. rectus were higher (P < 0.008) in GAgP than in non-periodontitis subjects. Significant positive associations were seen between 7 of the 22 possible combinations (P < 0.05). A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c (34%) and non-serotypeable isolates (34%) were the most common antigenic types among the 305 strains analyzed. Eleven arbitrarily primed (AP)-PCR genotypes were distinguished among 273 isolates from 29 subjects. Yeasts were found in 23% of the 69 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The results on the Turkish study population were generally in line with earlier reports on the occurrence and interspecies relationships of certain bacteria in periodontitis. However, A. actinomycetemcomitans was not overrepresented in LAgP, and the serotype distribution resembled that reported from the East. The high frequency of non-serotypeable isolates suggests local characteristics of the species.
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| 46. |
- Domic, Danijel, et al.
(författare)
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Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography is limited at implant sites with a thin buccal bone : A laboratory study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Periodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 92:4, s. 592-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To evaluate whether buccal bone thickness (BBT), implant diameter, and abutment/crown material influence the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to determine the buccal bone level at titanium implants.Methods: Two implant beds (i.e., narrow and standard diameter) were prepared in each of 36 porcine bone blocks. The implant beds were positioned at a variable distance from the buccal bone surface, thus resulting in 3 BBT groups (i.e., > 0.5-1.0; > 1.0-1.5; > 1.5-2.0 mm). In half of the blocks, a buccal bone dehiscence of random extent ("depth") was created and implants were mounted with different abutment/crown material (i.e., titanium abutments with a metal-ceramic crown and zirconia abutments with an all-ceramic zirconia crown). The distance from the implant shoulder to the buccal bone crest was measured on cross-sectional CBCT images and compared to the direct measurements at the bone blocks.Results: While abutment/crown material and implant diameter had no effect on the detection accuracy of the buccal bone level at dental implants in CBCT scans, BBT had a significant effect. Specifically, when BBT was ≤ 1.0 mm, a dehiscence was often diagnosed although not present, i.e., the sensitivity was high (95.8%), but the specificity (12.5%) and the detection accuracy (54.2%) were low. Further, the average measurement error of the distance from the implant shoulder to the buccal bone crest was 1.6 mm.Conclusions: Based on the present laboratory study, BBT has a major impact on the correct diagnosis of the buccal bone level at dental titanium implants in CBCT images; in cases where the buccal bone is ≤ 1 mm thick, detection of the buccal bone level is largely inaccurate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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| 47. |
- Donati, Mauro, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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B-1a cells in experimental gingivitis in humans.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 80:7, s. 1141-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although previous studies revealed the presence of autoreactive B cells (B-1a cells) in periodontitis lesions, no evidence was provided for an active role of such cells in the host response to microbial challenge. The aim of the present investigation was to study the reaction of B-1a cells to de novo plaque formation in subjects who were treated for severe chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Fifteen white subjects with generalized, severe chronic periodontitis volunteered. Surgical periodontal therapy was performed in all quadrants of each subject after a period of infection control. After 6 months of healing (baseline), two gingival biopsies were harvested from each patient (probing depth <4 mm and no bleeding on probing; healed sites). The experimental gingivitis model was applied, and plaque accumulation was allowed for 3 weeks. Two additional biopsies were collected and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis on day 21. RESULTS: The biopsies retrieved after 3 weeks of plaque accumulation contained larger proportions of CD19+ and CD5+ cells (B-1a cells) than biopsies representing baseline (healed sites) (7.38% +/- 2.80% versus 5.96% +/- 2.48%). The tissue fraction of cells carrying the markers for CD3 (T cells), CD19 (B cells), and Bcl2 (apoptosis-associated marker) were significantly larger in tissue samples collected after 3 weeks of plaque accumulation than in specimens from baseline (healed sites). CONCLUSION: Autoreactive B cells (B-1a cells) are involved in the host response to microbial challenge in subjects with chronic periodontitis.
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| 48. |
- Donati, Mauro, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Local expression of interleukin-10 and mCD14 in relation to the -1087 IL-10 and -159 CD14 gene polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of periodontology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3492 .- 1943-3670. ; 79:3, s. 517-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Associations between different gene polymorphisms and severe chronic periodontitis have been demonstrated. However, the influence of such genetic variations on the production of related proteins needs to be clarified. The aim of the present investigation was to study the local expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and membrane-bound CD14 (mCD14) in relation to the -1087 IL-10 and -159 CD14 gene polymorphisms in subjects with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Fifty-three white subjects with generalized and severe chronic periodontitis volunteered. Twenty milliliters of blood was collected by venipuncture from each subject. DNA was isolated, and genotype analysis of the -1087 IL-10 and -159 CD14 gene polymorphisms was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease mapping techniques. A gingival biopsy from one randomly selected diseased proximal site was also obtained from each subject. The biopsies were embedded, snap frozen, and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis. The inflammatory lesion was identified in the sections, and the proportions of IL-10+ and CD14+ cells were determined. RESULTS: The proportion of IL-10+ cells in the peripheral area of the periodontitis lesions was significantly larger in subjects with the -1087 IL-10 GG genotype than in subjects with the AG or AA genotype. However, the local expression of the mCD14 receptor did not vary between subjects with different -159 CD14 genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that IL-10 expression in chronic periodontitis lesions is associated with a distinct genotype. The observation adds to our understanding of interactions between genetic and environmental factors in the development of human diseases.
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| 49. |
- Dotto, T. S., et al.
(författare)
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Wind-Driven Processes Controlling Oceanic Heat Delivery to the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0022-3670 .- 1520-0485. ; 49:11, s. 2829-2849
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variability in the heat delivery by Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) is responsible for modulating the basal melting of the Amundsen Sea ice shelves. However, the mechanisms controlling the CDW inflow to the region's continental shelf remain little understood. Here, a high-resolution regional model is used to assess the processes governing heat delivery to the Amundsen Sea. The key mechanisms are identified by decomposing CDW temperature variability into two components associated with 1) changes in the depth of isopycnals [heave (HVE)], and 2) changes in the temperature of isopycnals [water mass property changes (WMP)]. In the Dotson-Getz trough, CDW temperature variability is primarily associated with WMP. The deeper thermocline and shallower shelf break hinder CDW access to that trough, and CDW inflow is regulated by the uplift of isopycnals at the shelf break-which is itself controlled by wind-driven variations in the speed of an undercurrent flowing eastward along the continental slope. In contrast, CDW temperature variability in the Pine Island-Thwaites trough is mainly linked to HVE. The shallower thermocline and deeper shelf break there permit CDW to persistently access the continental shelf. CDW temperature in the area responds to wind-driven modulation of the water mass on-shelf volume by changes in the rate of inflow across the shelf break and in Ekman pumping-induced vertical displacement of isopycnals within the shelf. The western and eastern Amundsen Sea thus represent distinct regimes, in which wind forcing governs CDW-mediated heat delivery via different dynamics.
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| 50. |
- Du Plessis, Marcel, et al.
(författare)
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Southern Ocean Seasonal Restratification Delayed by Submesoscale Wind–Front Interactions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Oceanography. - 0022-3670. ; 49:4, s. 1035-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean stratification and the vertical extent of the mixed layer influence the rate at which the ocean and atmosphere exchange properties. This process has direct impacts for anthropogenic heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean. Submesoscale instabilities that evolve over space (1–10 km) and time (from hours to days) scales directly influence mixed layer variability and are ubiquitous in the Southern Ocean. Mixed layer eddies contribute to mixed layer restratification, while down-front winds, enhanced by strong synoptic storms, can erode stratification by a cross-frontal Ekman buoyancy flux. This study investigates the role of these submesoscale processes on the subseasonal and interannual variability of the mixed layer stratification using four years of high-resolution glider data in the Southern Ocean. An increase of stratification from winter to summer occurs due to a seasonal warming of the mixed layer. However, we observe transient decreases in stratification lasting from days to weeks, which can arrest the seasonal restratification by up to two months after surface heat flux becomes positive. This leads to interannual differences in the timing of seasonal restratification by up to 36 days. Parameterizing the Ekman buoyancy flux in a one-dimensional mixed layer model reduces the magnitude of stratification compared to when the model is run using heat and freshwater fluxes alone. Importantly, the reduced stratification occurs during the spring restratification period, thereby holding important implications for mixed layer dynamics in climate models as well as physical–biological coupling in the Southern Ocean.
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