| 1. |
- Appelqvist, Christin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution and abundance of teredinid recruits along the Swedish coast - are shipworms invading the Baltic Sea?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 95:4, s. 783-790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shipworms (teredinids) are highly specialized marine bivalves that consume terrestrially derived wood. Changes in environmental variables may result in shipworms spreading into the Baltic Sea – which would have devastating consequences for maritime cultural heritage and submerged wooden structures. We investigated the distribution and abundance of the shipworms Teredo navalis and Psiloteredo megotara along the Swedish coast in 2006–2008, and compared our findings with data collected at partly the same locations in 1971–1973. Wooden test panels were submerged in near-surface waters at 18 harbours. The presence of shipworms was determined by X-ray radiography of each panel. Sea surface temperature and salinity data were analysed to investigate whether any changes in distribution were correlated to changes in environmental variables. We found that past and present distributions of T. navalis were similar – indicating that no range expansion of shipworms into the Baltic Sea has taken place the last 35 years. The abundance of T. navalis was similar between decades at all investigated sites except two (Arild and Barsebäckshamn), where abundances were higher in 2006–2008. The abundance of T. navalis varied along the coast and was positively correlated to mean sea surface salinity, but not to mean sea surface temperature (2006–2008 data). The distribution and abundance of P. megotara were similar during the two study periods with only single observations at a few sites. In conclusion, we found no evidence of range expansion of shipworms along the Swedish coast.
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| 2. |
- Cárdenas, Paco, et al.
(författare)
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A new Hymedesmia (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) with large sigmas off western Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 96:6, s. 1305-1312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) lindstroemae sp. nov. collected at 178–210 m depth off the western Swedish coast is described. This encrusting sponge is notably characterized by its unusually large sigmas. This new species brings the number of Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) species in Swedish waters to 30. A key for all the North Atlantic Hymedesmia (Hymedesmia) species with sigmas (32 species) is included.
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| 3. |
- Cárdenas, Paco, et al.
(författare)
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Demosponges from the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge shed more light on the diversity and biogeography of North Atlantic deep-sea sponges
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 95:7, s. 1475-1516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In July-August 2004, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge Ecosystems (MAR-Eco) expedition collected Demospongiae (Porifera) from the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) north of the Azores, between 41 degrees N and 61 degrees N. Demosponges were found at 10 stations, at depths ranging from 753 to 3046 m. Twenty-two species were identified: 17 Tetractinellida, one Polymastiida, one Suberitida, two Poecilosclerida and one Dendroceratida. The study of this material is an opportunity to revise the taxonomy and the North Atlantic distribution of each of these deep-sea species. Some species are particularly rare and poorly known (Tetilla longipilis, Tetilla sandalina, Craniella azorica, Polymastia corticata) and two are new to science: Forcepia (Forcepia) toxafera sp. nov. and Iotroata paravaridens sp. nov. This study suggests that the MAR is not a longitudinal barrier for the dispersal of deep-sea demosponges while on the contrary, the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ) may be a latitudinal border for the dispersal of deep-sea demosponges, due to great depths and currents.
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| 4. |
- Claverie, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Spawning aggregations and mass movements in subtidal Onchidoris bilamellata (Mollusca Opisthobranchia)
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 88:1, s. 157-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about spawning aggregations in subtidal populations of the nudibranch Onchidoris bilamellata. We provide photographic evidence of the spawning aggregations and associated spawning migrations or mass movements whose occurrence was debated.
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| 5. |
- Clements, J. C., et al.
(författare)
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Roll, right, repeat: short-term repeatability in the self-righting behaviour of a cold-water sea cucumber
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 100:1, s. 115-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many benthic marine invertebrates, inversion (being turned upside-down) is a common event that can increase vulnerability to predation, desiccation and unwanted spatial transport, and requires behavioural 'self-righting' to correct. While self-righting behaviour has been studied for more than a century, the repeatability (R) - the portion of behavioural variance due to inter-individual differences - of this trait is not well understood. Heritability and the evolution of animal behaviour rely on behavioural repeatability. Here, we examined the self-righting technique of a cold-water holothurid, Parastichopus tremulus, and assessed the repeatability of this behaviour. Under laboratory conditions, P. tremulus consistently used muscle contractions to curl its body and roll itself back to an upright position, which provided for rapid (x +/- SD = 96.7 +/- 49.8 s) and highly repeatable (R = 0.75) self-righting in the short term that varied between individuals (range of individual average righting times = 34.8-217.0 s). Righting time tended to increase with animal size; however, substantial variation was evident at comparable sizes, as average righting time ranged from 34.8-155.5 s for animals similar to 20 cm in body length. Contrary to previous studies on other echinoderms, we found no evidence of improved righting times for P. tremulus over time. This study ultimately provides the first detailed documentation of self-righting behaviour for P. tremulus and suggests that this species displays a high degree of repeatability for this trait in the short term.
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| 6. |
- De Almeida, Inaê Guion, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Guiana dolphin abundance and density in the Southwestern Atlantic : Insights from conservation areas
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate demographic data play a critical role in implementing conservation strategies and identifying key areas for species preservation. The population abundance and density of Sotalia guianensis were estimated in the estuarine-lagoon complex of Cananéia, Brazil, using distance sampling. The survey covered 1339.91 km with 83 h 05 min in effort. A half-normal model with cosine adjustments was evaluated as the best fit to estimate an abundance of 193 individuals (95% CI 158-237) and a density of 2.55 ind km-2. The majority of sightings occurred in the Baía de Trapandé (48.72%), followed by the Mar de Cananéia (32.72%) and Mar de Cubatão (18.56%), the three areas surrounding the Ilha de Cananéia. The study confirmed the heterogeneous distribution of the estuary and found that the Mar de Cananéia and the Baía de Trapandé were more densely populated, with 2.76 ind km-2 (95% CI 1.93-3.96) and 2.76 ind km-2 (95% CI 2.07-3.66), respectively, while the Mar de Cubatão was less densely populated, with 1.59 ind km-2 (95% CI 1.04-2.44). The findings support previous research indicating a stable population over the last few decades. The Cananéia estuary is an ecologically diverse region located between protected areas under different categories of environmental protection and harbours a significant population of S. guianensis, providing essential resources for feeding and breeding. Protected areas have proven to be effective tools for preserving both marine and terrestrial environments. Despite the close proximity to humans and constant threats, the study underscores the importance of the area for the conservation of the species.
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| 7. |
- Díaz, Julio A., et al.
(författare)
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Poorly known sponges in the Mediterranean with the detection of some taxonomic inconsistencies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 100:8, s. 1247-1260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The poorly known sponge species Axinella vellerea (Topsent, 1904), Acarnus levii (Vacelet, 1960) and Haliclona poecillastroides (Vacelet, 1969) are reported from bottom-trawl samples off the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean. A re-description is provided for all three species and the Folmer fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) obtained for A. levii and H. poecillastroides. This is the second report of A. vellerea in the Mediterranean, the first time that A. levii is reported outside Corsica and the first time that H. poecillastroides is documented outside the Gulf of Lion, France. The systematic allocation of A. levii and H. poecillastroides is discussed based on a COI phylogenetic analysis and morphology. The poorly understood phylogeny of the Haplosclerida does not permit us to find a proper allocation for H. poecillastroides, although its current position in the genus Haliclona or the family Chalinidae is not defensible. On the other hand, A. levii currently fits best in the family Microcionidae, and seems related to some Clathria species with mixed features between Clathria and Acarnus. Considering that the species of the genus Acarnus shares a strong synapomorphy (the possession of Cladotylotes), it is plausible for all Acarnus species to be Microcionids. We conclude that H. poecillastroides needs to be reallocated to a new genus: Xestospongia poecillastroides comb. nov. (Petrosiidae). However, a reallocation of A. levii is not advisable for the moment, as this would imply major systematic changes such as the reallocation of the whole genus Acarnus to Microcionidae, and the redescription of Microcionidae and Acarnidae.
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| 8. |
- Dupont, Samuel, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Bird is the word - on the importance of ethical and effective scientific communication
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 95:5, s. 863-870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Back in 1963, the proto-punk band The Trashmen released the single Surfin' bird (written by Frazier, White, Harris & Wilson Jr. and released in November 1963 by Garrett label; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZThquH5toow). Fifty years later and despite the obscure lyrics, the song remains iconic in western pop culture; e.g. through the recurrent appearance in the TV show Family Guy (e.g. I dream of Jesus episode, released on 5 October 2008; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WNrx2jq184). It is thought that the line 'everybody knows that the bird is the word' was inspired by a highly successful and catchy radio jingle released/commissioned in post prohibitionist USA by the Gallo brothers to boost the sales of their inexpensive fortified Thunderbird wine: 'What's the word? Thunderbird' (http://www.absurdintellectual.com/2009/06/05/everybodys-heard-that-the- bird-is-the-word-but-its-not-what-they-think/). This illustrates how a simple and catchy message can have a profound and long-lasting influence on society.
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| 9. |
- Glarou, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Using off-the-shelf GPS loggers to assess co-occurrence between marine mammals and small-scale fisheries : a pilot study from the Mediterranean Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 102:5, s. 322-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fisheries constitute a major threat to marine mammals globally. To evaluate the impact of small-scale fisheries (SSF) on regional under-studied marine mammal populations, we tested a novel and cost-effective approach at three data-limited locations of the central and eastern Mediterranean Sea. Using off-the-shelf GPS loggers to track SSF activities and systematic surveys to map the distribution of marine mammals, we assessed the probability of co-occurrence between SSF and marine mammals by reporting areas of spatial overlap. Spatial overlap between SSF and the core zones of marine mammal distribution (ranging between 21.85–35.4%) was observed in all three locations, indicating potential interaction hotspots. The probability of co-occurrence in those areas varied from 0.5–2.9% depending on the species. The resulting overlap between fishing activity and marine mammals may pose a threat in both directions: higher risk of species entanglement and economic burden on fishers due to gear damage. Despite the spatial and temporal limitations of this pilot study, the proposed approach can provide baseline information on SSF-marine mammal co-occurrence, particularly in financially limited regions. If applied on a larger scale, our method may be used to inform future conservation actions with the aim to reduce pressure on key populations.
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| 10. |
- Godefroid, M., et al.
(författare)
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More than local adaptation: high diversity of response to seawater acidification in seven coral species from the same assemblage in French Polynesia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 101:4, s. 675-683
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responses of corals to seawater acidification have been extensively studied. Sensitivity varies widely between species, highlighting the need to avoid extrapolation from one to another to get an accurate understanding of coral community responses. We tested the responses of seven coral species (Acropora cytherea, Acropora hyacinthus, Acropora pulchra, Leptastrea pruinosa, Montipora grisea, Pavona cactus, Pocillopora verrucosa) from the Mo'orea lagoon to a 48-day exposure to three pH scenarios (pH 7.95, 7.7 and 7.3). Tissue necrosis, mortality, growth rates, photophysiological performances and colour index were recorded. Few significant differences were noted between pH 7.95 and 7.7, but species-specific responses were observed at pH 7.3. While our data do not allow identification of the mechanisms behind this diversity in response between species inhabiting the same environment, it can exclude several hypotheses such as local adaptation, skeletal type, corallum morphology or calcification rate as sole factors determining coral sensitivity to pH.
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| 11. |
- Halanych, K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeography of the horse mussel Modiolus modiolus
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 93:7, s. 1857-1869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogeographic inferences concerning marine species are largely based on intertidal species. In high latitudes, intertidal species have been affected by ice coverage and ice scour, and therefore show northern range limitations during glaciations. In this study, we use the subtidal horse mussel (Modiolus modiolus) to investigate whether generalizations about genetic structure of high latititude intertidal species, specifically in the North Atlantic, are representative of other near shore taxa. We analysed genetic diversity, molecular variance, and geographical patterns of genetic relatedness using data from the mtDNA CO1 gene. Although we do find little to no haplotype structure in the North Atlantic, our results show that north-eastern Pacific individuals represent a different haplotype network with no haplotypes in common with Atlantic individuals. Thus, M. modiolus in the Pacific may represent an unrecognized species. Genetic diversity and population expansion times suggest a Pacific origin is most likely, with subsequent dispersal to the Atlantic. The lack of genetic structure in the Atlantic suggests that a rapid range expansion occurred less than 50 KYA, rather than a stepping stone mode of dispersal.
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| 12. |
- Hamel, Jean-François, et al.
(författare)
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Range extension and first record of the deep-sea brittle star Ophiactis abyssicola (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in Canadian waters
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; (2021) 101:8, s. 1181-1184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the first records of the brittle star Ophiactis abyssicola in Canadian waters and range extensions of up to 1900 km in the Northwest Atlantic from previously known locations. Samples were collected off northern Labrador and the northern portion of insular Newfoundland (eastern Canada) at 433 and 1097 m depths, respectively. This newly recorded species of brittle star from the bathyal zone off Newfoundland and Labrador adds to the marine biodiversity of Canada and to the general distribution knowledge of O. abyssicola.
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| 13. |
- Jawad, L. A., et al.
(författare)
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Comparative osteology of the family Tripterygiidae (Teleostei: Blenniiformes)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 98:6, s. 1487-1511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of a comparative study of five osteological complexes, the infraorbital bones, branchial arches, urohyal bone, interdigitation of the median fins, and the caudal fin skeleton, of some members of the fish family Tripterygiidae. Osteological characters that may prove valuable for taxonomic purposes are described, and on the basis of the material handled, their use to separate species within the family is discussed. Several formulae were developed for the distribution of the osteological complexes of the dorsal fin, dorsal and ventral caudal procurrent ray distribution, and caudal fin in the different tripterygiid species studied.
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| 14. |
- Kamenos, Nicholas A., et al.
(författare)
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Substratum heterogeneity of dredged vs un-dredged maerl grounds
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 83:2, s. 411-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maerl grounds are comparable to sea grass beds in terms of their high biodiversity, and are characterized by abundant juveniles of species such as the queen scallop, Aequipecten opercularis. Maerl grounds impacted by towed demersal fishing gears are structurally less heterogeneous than pristine, un-impacted maerl grounds, diminishing the biodiversity potential of these habitats.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Lundström, Karl
(författare)
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Adipose tissue fatty acids suggest spatial and temporal dietary differences in great cormorants of the Baltic Sea area
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 101, s. 199-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased numbers of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) in the Baltic Sea may have local impacts on fisheries and salmonid hatcheries. We studied spatial and temporal variability in cormorant diet, and potential consumption of hatchery salmonids, by analysing knee subcutaneous adipose tissue fatty acids (FA) of specimens (N = 77) collected along Swedish and Finnish coasts in different seasons during 2013-2017. The FA profiles of the subspecies sinensis and carbo were similar, with large individual variation. The proportion of C18 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) was the largest in the north, whereas the proportion of C20-22 monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) increased towards the south, reflecting diminishing freshwater and increasing marine food web characteristics towards the south. As an exception, the C20-22 MUFA percentage was high in sinensis collected in June 2017 from the northern Baltic Sea. The source of C20-22 MUFAs was probably hatchery salmonids, raised on ocean fish hatchery feed and released 10 days before, near the cormorant capture site. The FA profiles of northern and southern cormorants differed from each other both in early and late summer samples, suggesting spatially different diets. The largest individual variation was found in 22:1n-11, characteristic of ocean zooplanktivorous fish, and likely originating from Atlantic wild or Baltic Sea hatchery-reared fish. This study shows that adipose tissue FA profiles can be used as proxies for seabird diet monitoring and indicators of predation on hatchery-reared fish. Obtaining quantitative estimates on the proportions of dietary fish species requires future feeding experiments, allowing calibration between the FA compositions and diet.
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| 17. |
- Martin, D., et al.
(författare)
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Proceraea janetae sp nov (Annelida, Syllidae, Autolytinae), a scleractinian coral feeder from Grand Cayman Island
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 95:4, s. 703-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have found a new species of Autolytinae (Annelida, Syllidae), Proceraea janetae, feeding on the scleractinian coral Montastrea cavernosa in coral reefs surrounding the Grand Cayman Island (Cayman Islands, British West Indies). The new species has a characteristic combination of transversal brown markings on the segmental margins and diffuse white mid-dorsal transverse bars, together with a diffuse white mid-dorsal longitudinal band. Antennae are brown, tentacular cirri are pale, the first dorsal cirri are white with pale base; the second dorsal cirri are pale, and the remaining dorsal cirri are alternately long, bright yellow-orange with brownish tips and short, entirely brown. The trepan has 18 tricuspid teeth in one ring. There are 9 teeth with all cuspids equally long and 9 with a longer median cuspid, arranged in an alternating pattern. We describe and illustrate the feeding behaviour of the new species, which appears to be closer to parasitism rather than to specialized predation. Proceraea janetae sp. nov. is the second polychaete, and the first syllid, known to feed on scleractinian corals.
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| 18. |
- Skovgaard, Alf, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of live specimens of Pseudotontonia cornuta (Ciliophora : Oligotrichida) reveals new distinctive characters
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 85:4, s. 783-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A large planktonic ciliate, Pseudotontonza cornuta, was observed during a cruise in the North Sea, Denmark, in summer 2001. Live cells as well as fixed and protargol-stained specimens were studied. The species possessed the characteristic tail of Tontoniidae, somatic cillature classifying it as a Pseudotontonia, and cell proportions and oral ciliature corresponding to P cornuta. Observation of live cells, however, revealed distinctive features as chloroplast- containing tentacles emerging just below the apical membranelles and an S-shaped proximal rim of the left margin of the oral cavity. These characters are eye-catching in live specimens, but have passed unnoticed till now because all previous studies on P cornuta have been made on fixed samples.
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| 19. |
- Stach, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Nerve cells of Xenoturbella bocki (phylum uncertain) and Harrimania kupfferi (Enteropneusta) are positively immunoreactive to antibodies raised against echinoderm neuropeptides
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 85:6, s. 1519-1524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylogenetic position of Xenoturbella spp. has been uncertain since their discovery in 1949. It has been recently suggested that they could be related to Ambulacraria within Deuterostomia. Ambulacraria is a taxon that has been suggested to consist of Hemichordata and Echinodermata. The hypothesis that X. bocki was related to Ambulacraria as well as the hypothesis of a monophyletic Ambulacraria is primarily based on the analysis of DNA sequence data. We tested both phylogenetic hypotheses using antibodies raised against SALMFamide 1 and 2 (S1, S2), neuropeptides isolated from echinoderms, on X. bocki and the enteropneust Harrimania kupfferi. Both species showed distinct positive immunoreactivity against S1 and S2. This finding supports the Ambulacraria-hypothesis and suggests a close phylogenetic relationship of X. bocki to Ambulacraria. In particular, the presence of immunoreactivity against S2 can be interpreted as a synapomorphy of Enteropneusta, Echinodermata, and Xenoturbella spp.
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| 20. |
- Strand, Malin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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A new nemertean species: what are the useful characters for ribbon worm descriptions?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 94:2, s. 317-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative started thorough investigations of poorly known organism groups. In this context, several marine inventories have rendered a number of marine invertebrate species new to science. Within the phylum Nemertea (ribbon worms) a characteristic hoplonemertean was encountered on two different occasions. We describe the new species Amphiporus rectangulus sp. nov. with a combination of histology and DNA data (COI). For the morphological description we use a previously proposed character matrix and, in a context given by the results, also provide a brief discussion on benefits and drawbacks with both methods. We argue that for small animals with soft bodies external characters can be more informative than hitherto expected.
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| 21. |
- Strand, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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A new nemertean species: what are the useful characters for ribbon worm descriptions?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 94:02, s. 317-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years the Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative started thorough investigations of poorly known organism groups. In this context, several marine inventories have rendered a number of marine invertebrate species new to science. Within the phylum Nemertea (ribbon worms) a characteristic hoplonemertean was encountered on two different occasions. We describe the new species Amphiporus rectangulus sp. nov. with a combination of histology and DNA data (COI). For the morphological description we use a previously proposed character matrix and, in a context given by the results, also provide a brief discussion on benefits and drawbacks with both methods. We argue that for small animals with soft bodies external characters can be more informative than hitherto expected.
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| 22. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from seamounts in the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean): first account, with descriptions of new species
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 92:5, s. 1195-1208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time, brittle stars were collected on two seamounts in the Andaman Back-arc Basin. Of the six species, two were new to science and are described herein asOphioleuce longispinumsp. nov. andOphiophyllum minimumsp. nov., in the family Ophiuridae, subfamilies Ophioleucinae and Ophiurinae, respectively. Skeletal details were studied and documented by scanning electron microscopy. Morphological similarities between related species are discussed in detail.Ophioleuce longispinumsp. nov. is particularly interesting, because it combines characters typical for its genus with those otherwise only known fromOphiophyllum, such as a limpet-like disc, a fringe of marginal disc papillae or spines, and a paddle-like modified lower arm spine. The remaining species,Astrophiuracf.tiki,Ophiactis perplexa,Ophiolimna antarcticaand an unidentifiedOphiura, are new records for the Andaman Sea.
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| 23. |
- Stöhr, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological diagnosis of the two genetic lineages ofAcrocnida brachiata(Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), with description of a new species
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 90:4, s. 831-843
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The burrowing brittle-starAcrocnida brachiatahas so far been regarded as a single, easily identifiable species. Recent studies showed habitat-related differences in maximum size, life span, breeding time and recruitment between intertidal and subtidal populations, which at first were attributed to environmental effects on individuals within the same species. Molecular data, however, strongly suggested the existence of two distinct lineages and ultimately two cryptic species with clear bathymetric segregation. Morphological evidence had so far not been presented, because any differences were interpreted as intraspecific variation. We collectedA. brachiatafrom intertidal and subtidal habitats at the coast of Brittany, France, and examined 15 specimens of each group externally by SEM. A key character ofA. brachiatais that the scales at the edge of the disc and on the ventral side are conically enlarged. Intertidal individuals showed a sparser disc scalation, more spine-like than conical ventral disc scales and spatulate, distally widened arm spines. In addition, we dissected several specimens of different size and examined the internal skeleton by SEM. The oral plates showed a rib-like structure on their abradial face that differs between individuals from either habitat. Subtidal specimens have fewer ribs than intertidal ones. These consistent differences support the existence of two species withinA. brachiata. To describe the second species, we needed to establish the identity ofA. brachiata. We describe a neotype, because no type material has been preserved since it was first described; it corresponds mainly to subtidal samples. The new species is described asAcrocnida spatulispinasp. nov. The taxonomic status ofAcrocnidahas been debated over the years with reference to its close affinities withAmphiura chiajei. We compared the species ofAcrocnidawithA. chiajeiandAmphiura filiformisand found thatAcrocnidais indeed morphologically similar toA. chiajei, among other characters by a similar oral plate structure, whereasA. filiformisdiffers greatly fromAcrocnidaas well asA. chiajei. Most strikingly, it has a different type of oral plate. These findings indicate that fundamental taxonomic changes may need to be made in the family Amphiuridae in the future.
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| 24. |
- Svanberg, Ingvar
(författare)
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Human usage of mermaid's glove sponge (Isodictya palmata) on the Faroes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 87:6, s. 1773-1775
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is very little documentation on the economic importance of locally available marine sponges (Porifera) in north-western Europe. From Iceland and the Faroe Islands there are records of naming and using the so-called mermaid's glove sponge (Isodictya palmata) especially for cleaning purposes. As late as in the 1940s, school children in the Faroe Islands gathered this sponge and used it to clean the slate.
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| 25. |
- Thorne, Benjamin V., et al.
(författare)
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Long term trends in population dynamics and reproduction in Holothuria atra (Aspidochirotida) in the southern Great Barrier Reef; the importance of asexual and sexual reproduction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 93:4, s. 1067-1072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population density and the presence of fission products of Holothuria (Halodeima) atra were investigated in surveys taken over 5 years (2006-2010) in the Capricorn Bunker Group, Southern Great Barrier Reef. These surveys were undertaken to document population density over time and assess the potential that asexual reproduction contributes to population maintenance. Over the 5 years a low incidence of fission was evident year-round, with an increase in July and August (13 and 27% of the population, respectively). There was a positive correlation between population density and the presence of fission products across all surveys. Although density fluctuated, there was no significant difference between months or sites. Despite the potential increase that might be expected from fission followed by regeneration, density fluctuated around a mean of 0.77 ind. m(-2). Examination of gonads of the small (asexual and sexual reproduction) and large (sexual only) morphs of H. atra indicated a difference in reproductive pattern. Many small morphs lacked gonads during winter and, when they developed gonads, the gonad index (GI) was low. The GI pattern of the small morph indicated that they spawned in summer. In comparison the large morph had conspicuous gonads through the year. The GI of the large morph was high in winter and summer indicating greater, more prolonged spawning activity in these individuals.
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| 26. |
- Tiemann, Henry, et al.
(författare)
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Documentation of potential courtship-behaviour in Periphylla periphylla (Cnidaria : Scyphozoa)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 89:1, s. 63-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution pattern and nocturnal surface behaviour of the deep-sea medusa Periphylla periphylla in a Norwegian fjord was studied. Medusa abundance, size distribution and condition were determined, using surface collections, net tows and ROV-based video profiles. Only larger, mature medusae reached the surface and aggregated into small groups of both sexes, whereas juvenile medusae remained in deeper waters. Observations on the behaviour and cytology of aggregated medusae suggested a mating strategy. We hypothesize that this behaviour is the by-product of a holopelagic life history, developed in a more oceanic deep environment with low species abundance, as surface aggregation increases the chance of encounter and mating.
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| 27. |
- Xavier, Joana R., et al.
(författare)
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Systematics and biodiversity of deep-sea sponges of the Atlanto-Mediterranean region
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154 .- 1469-7769. ; 95:7, s. 1285-1286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sponges are a key component of the deep-sea benthos, where they form structurally complex habitats and provide numerous ecosystem goods and services. However, there is still an enormous knowledge gap regarding the diversity, distribution and systematics of this group. This special volume presents the results of the 1st International Workshop on Taxonomy of Atlanto-Mediterranean Deep-Sea Sponges, whereby world experts worked together to start filling in this gap. Herein, new species are described, new sponge-dominated communities are reported, and diversity and distribution patterns are enlightened for this area.
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| 28. |
- Andre, C., et al.
(författare)
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Species identification of bivalve larvae using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD): differentiation between Cerastoderma edule and C-lamarcki
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 79:3, s. 563-565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to produce species-specific DNA markers (RAPDs) from two sibling cockle species and five other co-occurring intertidal bivalves. Amplification reactions with one single primer readily distinguished larvae and adults of Cerastoderma edule from larvae and adults of C. lamarcki, and from adults of Mya arenaria Macoma balthica, Scrobicularia plana, Venerupis pulastra and Mytilus edulis. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is suggested as a simple and quick method to determine species identity in taxa that are difficult to identify on the basis of morphological characters alone, such as marine bivalve larvae.
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| 29. |
- Barros, F., et al.
(författare)
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A preliminary analysis of the structure of benthic assemblages of surf zones on two morphodynamic types of beach
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 82:3, s. 353-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predictions that there should be more benthic invertebrates and greater diversity in deeper areas and differences in the spatial structure of assemblages on different types of beaches were tested on two Reflective and two Intermediate (Transverse Bar and Rip) sandy beaches around Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The macrofaunal assemblages of surf zones were more diverse and there were more invertebrates on Reflective than TBR beaches, and there was an increase in number of invertebrates and, significantly, in diversity from 1.5 to 2.5 in depths. There was significant variation in the structure of assemblages among beaches of the same type. Spatial variability in the structure of assemblages on Intermediate beaches was greater than on Reflective beaches. Macrofaunal assemblages varied significantly at a scale of tens of metres across shore particularly on Reflective beaches.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Davenport, J., et al.
(författare)
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Doses of darkness control latitudinal differences in breeding date in the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 85:1, s. 59-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the first study of breeding in the boreo-arctic barnacle Semibalanus balanoides in which latitudinal variation in timing of egg mass hardening has been examined simultaneously over the geographical scale involved, thereby excluding temporal confounding of the data. The timing of autumn egg mass hardening on the middle shore was established in 2002 and 2003 at ten stations ranging latitudinally from Trondheim (63 degrees 24'N) to Plymouth (50 degrees 18'N). To assess variation at local scale (< 10 km), breeding was studied on three shores at each of two Irish locations (Cork and Galway). At Oban (Scotland) and Cork, the effect of shore height on timing of breeding was investigated. A strong influence of latitude and day length on timing of breeding was found in both 2002 and 2003. In both years, barnacles bred much earlier (when day length was longer) at high rather than low latitudes. No significant effect of environmental temperature or insolation on timing of breeding was detected. Shores no more than 10 km apart showed minimal difference in middle shore breeding date (< 4 days). However, upper shore barnacles bred significantly earlier (by 7-13 days) than middle shore animals. The data indicate that breeding is controlled by period of daily darkness, with high shore annuals encountering longer effective 'nights' because of the opercular closure response to emersion (which will reduce light penetration to tissues). Predictions concerning the effects of global changes in climate and cloud cover on breeding and population distribution are made. It is suggested that increased cloud cover in the northern hemisphere is likely to induce earlier breeding, and possibly shift the present southern limit of Semibalanus southwards.
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| 33. |
- Dupont, Samuel, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Abnormal forms in the brittle-star Amphipholis squamata: a field study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 82:3, s. 491-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deviation from pentamerism is a rare phenomenon in 5-armed echinoderm species. Qualitative and quantitative data front field observations of 14 populations around the world were used for a biogeographical study of this phenomenon, Four abnormal forms presenting deviation from the classical pentamerism of echinoderms were observed within the brittle-star species Amphipholis squamata. (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Although these forms were rare in global populations (0.29%), they call reach important frequencies in some locations. Our results suggest that habitat structure has all influence oil the occurence of abnormal forms. Moreover, deviations from pentamerism are not a heritable character but are a consequence of environmental perturbations oil the metamorphosis of larvae and/or abnormal regeneration of arms.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Hansson, Lars Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Massive recruitment of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides in the Clyde Sea (Scotland, UK) in the spring of 2000
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 83:5, s. 923-924
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In April 2000 a massive recruitment of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides was observed in the Clyde Sea. At one location 700 cyprids l(-1) of this species were recorded. This is similar to3500 times more abundant than previously recorded, and resulted in metamorphosis of some cyprids whilst still in the plankton, as well as massive settlement, with recruits found on adults and in the splash zone. The maximum density recorded was 109 settlers cm(-2). Over the next 60 d mortality averaged 85%, resulting in a mean density of 8.4 recruits cm(-2) in June 2000. Recruitment varied spatially at the kin and in scale (site, shore height) but there was no evidence that it was affected by the presence of adult conspecifics.
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| 38. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Redescription of Imajimaea draculai-a rare syllid polychaete associated with the sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 90:7, s. 1441-1448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We redescribe Imajimaea draculai based on newly collected specimens from the Swedish west coast and describe for the first time its association with the sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis. We assess the phylogenetic position of I. draculai within Autolytinae using nuclear 18SrDNA, together with mitochondrial COI and 16SrDNA, and we estimate its intraspecific variation using nuclear ITS and mitochondrial COI. Our molecular data unequivocally show that I. draculai belongs to the tribe Procerini in a clade consisting of Procerastea, Virchowia and Imajimaea that is separated from all other Procerini taxa for which molecular data are available. No intraspecific variation is found in I. draculai for the sequenced molecular markers.
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| 39. |
- Strömberg, Jarl-Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, come up to see the last eclipse of the millennium?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 82:5, s. 919-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most krill species undergo diel vertical migration (DVM) which is to some extent influenced by light intensity. During a solar eclipse (11 August 1999) the upward and downward movement of krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, inhabiting a Swedish fjord followed closely changes in light intensity. Here the eclipse was partial (77%) and the weather overcast and yet krill at 70-90 m depth were able to detect, and respond to very small changes in light. This observation of an event during mid-day which is not pre-programmed confirms light as an important triggering mechanism for krill DVM.
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| 40. |
- Wiklund, Helena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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The phylogenetic relationships between Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae (Amphinomida: Aciculata: Polychaeta), inferred from molecular data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK. - 0025-3154. ; 88:3, s. 509-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amphinomida is an ‘isolated’ clade within the polychaete group Aciculata and traditionally includes the families Amphinomidae, Archinomidae and Euphrosinidae. Archinomidae were erected for a single species, the hydrothermal vent polychaete Archinome rosacea. Originally, A. rosacea was assigned to Euphrosinidae although it shares more morphological similarities with Amphinomidae. In this study we assess the position of Archinome, Euphrosinidae and Amphinomidae by using molecular data from nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA. Parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses are performed on the nucleotide datasets covering in total 19 terminals from Amphinomidae, Euphrosinidae, Archinomidae and outgroups. Our results conclusively show that Euphrosinidae and Amphinomidae are sister taxa and that Archinome is sister to Chloeia within Amphinomidae. Based on these results the family name Archinomidae is treated as a junior synonym of Amphinomidae.
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