| 1. |
- Dahllöf, Ingela, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect of TBT on the Structure of a Marine Sediment Community - a Boxcosm Study
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 42:8, s. 689-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of tri-n-butyl tin (TBT) on an intact marine sediment community after five months exposure was investigated. Changes in the structure of macro- and meiofauna communities were determined, as well as the functional diversity of the microbial community using BIOLOG microplates for Gram negative bacteria. Development of tolerance in the microbial community was investigated using Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) experiments with fluxes of nutrients as effect indicators. TBT affected the structure and recruitment of the macro- and meiofauna at nominal additions of 30137 mol TBT/m2 sediment. Number of species, diversity, biomass and community similarity was reduced at these concentrations compared to control. Species that molt seemed to be the most tolerant since they were predominant in boxes that had received the highest TBT addition and echinoderms were the most sensitive species. Renewed addition of TBT in PICT experiments with sediment from each boxcosm showed that TBT had an effect on individual nutrient fluxes from all sediments. Analyses of the flux patterns revealed a memory of previous TBT exposure, either due to induced tolerance or other community conditioning.
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| 2. |
- Engwall, Magnus, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Dioxin-like compounds in HPLC-fractionated extracts of marine samples from the east and west coast of Sweden : bioassay- and instrumentally-derived TCDD equivalents
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 34:12, s. 1032-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipophilic extracts of sediment, settling particulate matter (SPM) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) samples, collected at coastal locations on the east and west coast of Sweden, were HPLC-separated into three fractions containing 1. monoaromatic/aliphatic, 2. diaromatic (e,g, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofuraus (PCDDs/Fs)), and 3, polyaromatic compounds (e,g, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)), The fractions were tested for dioxin-like effects using a sensitive bioassay, based on EROD-induction in cultured chicken embryo livers, The concentrations of PCDDs/Fs, PCBs and 15 PAHs in the samples were also determined, The polyaromatic fractions of the sediment samples were more potent as EROD-inducers than the diaromatic fractions, Only a small part of the EROD-induction caused by the polyaromatic fractions could be explained by the analysed PAHs in the samples, indicating presence of non-quantified polyaromatic EROD-inducing compounds in the samples, A greater pollution by EROD-inducing diaromatic and polyaromatic compounds on the east coast site than on the west coast site was seen, The filtration activities and faeces production of the mussels on the east coast experimental site increased the sedimentation of PCDDs/Fs, PCBs and PAHs, The described bioassay proved very useful in the assessment of dioxin-like compounds in both abiotic and biotic samples from the marine environment,
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| 3. |
- Hernroth, Bodil, 1951-
(författare)
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Differentiation and evaluation of the uncertainty of nutrient measurements that relate to field and laboratory activities
- 1999
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 38:5, s. 407-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When accrediting an environmental monitoring programme, including sampling, storage and analyses of seawater, it is desirable to provide an estimate of the uncertainty of individual components that affect the results, The aim of this study was to clarify the significance between different contributors to the total uncertainty. The Mann-Whitney statistical test showed that the uncertainty associated with sampling conditions was significant when analysing ammonia, nitrite and phosphate, Analyses of ammonia, also showed that the fine structure 'patchiness' of the seawater, reinforced the outdoor contribution of uncertainty.
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| 4. |
- Pettersson, Håkan, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Summary of IAEA-MEL's investigation of Kara Sea radioactivity and radiological assessment
- 1997
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 35:7-12, s. 235-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IAEA-MEL participated in five expeditions to the Kara Sea with the aim of assessing the radiological consequences of dumped radioactive wastes in the Novaya Zemlya Bays and Trough. The programme included sampling, in-situ underwater investigations, laboratory analyses of water, sediment and biota samples, the development of a marine radioactivity database, modelling and radiological assessment, the organization of intercomparison exercises and the evaluation of distribution coefficients. Radiometric investigations have shown that no radiologically significant environmental contamination has occurred. Leakages which have led to locally increased levels of radionuclides in sediment have only been observed in Stepovoy and Abrosimov Bays. Computer modelling results suggest that only radiological effects on local and regional scales may be of importance. The global radiological impact of the disposals in the Arctic Seas will be negligible.
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| 5. |
- Södergren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Transport of organochlorine residues after incineration to air, water, microlayer, and organisms
- 1990
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 21:1, s. 18-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a laboratory system designed to study the distribution of airborne emissions originating from sources such as incineration, the fates of PICs (products of incomplete combustion) of trichloroethylene and PCBs were followed. The airborne substances introduced over a body of water were deposited onto the surface of the water and became enriched in the surface microlayer. They were taken up by organisms in the subsurface water, resulting in an accumulation of PICs and PCBs by fish in amounts up to 103–106 times those measured in the water. A relationship existed between the concentrations of the organochlorine residues in the air and those in the microlayer and water.
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| 6. |
- Wiberg, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Enantioselective analysis of organochlorine pesticides in herring and seal from the Swedish marine environment
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 36:5, s. 345-353
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factors influencing the changes of enantiomeric ratios (ERs) in herring (Clupea harengus), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) and ringed seal (Phoca hispida) collected along the Swedish coastline were studied by enantioselective high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC). Three-year-old male and female herring individuals from different sampling sites were selected, whereas seal blubber and liver samples represented different species, sexes and geographical locations. Enantioselective analysis of α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), chlordanes and chlordane metabolites were performed. In general, herring showed similar ERs within the Baltic Sea. Results indicate that species specific differences are important factors controlling the ERs of Baltic seals. Inverse ERs in seal blubber and liver, and a low deviation from the racemic ratio of some components in the liver, indicate that not only enantioselective degradation but also stereoselectivity of other processes are responsible for the changes of ERs in biota.
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| 7. |
- Abeysinghe, K.M.S.N., et al.
(författare)
-
Microplastic pollution status in the coral reef ecosystems on the southern and western coasts of Sri Lanka during the southwest monsoon
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the microplastics (MP) abundance, characteristics and pollution severity in the six coral reef ecosystems along the southern and western coasts of Sri Lanka during the southwest monsoon. The small blue-coloured fibres dominated within coral reefs and reef environments. The average coral, surface water and surface sediment MP concentration were 806.64 ± 93.72 particles kg−1ww, 23.42 ± 5.01 particles m−3, and 54.11 ± 8.04 particles kg−1dw, respectively. Coral MP concentration was significantly correlated with surface water (r = 0.65) and surface sediments (r = 0.59) indicating that the reef environment was the source of coral MP enrichment. Coral MP concentration was spatially different (p < 0.05) which may likely be due to the changes in winds, waves, coral biology and plastic sources. MP Pollution Load Index indicated that low MP contamination hazard. Since the presence of MP often deteriorates coral's health, further investigations are necessary to understand the MP's effects on the health of coral reef ecosystems.
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| 8. |
- Al-Qaradawi, Ilham, et al.
(författare)
-
Radioactivity levels in the marine environment along the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Qatar.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3363 .- 0025-326X. ; 90:1-2, s. 323-329
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study on (137)Cs, (40)K, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, and (238)U was carried out along the EEZ of Qatar. Results serve as the first ever baseline data. The level of (137)Cs (mean value 1.6±0.4Bqm(-3)) in water filters was found to be in the same order of magnitude as reported by others in worldwide marine radioactivity studies. Results are also in agreement with values reported from other Gulf regions. The computed values of sediment-water distribution coefficients Kd, are lower than the values given by IAEA. Measurements were carried out for bottom sediments, biota samples like fish, oyster, sponge, seashell, mangrove, crab, shrimp, starfish, dugong and algae. The 'concentration factors' reported for biota samples are below the levels published by IAEA and cause no significant impact on human health for seafood consumers in Qatar.
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| 9. |
- Allers, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Resistance of Lophelia pertusa to coverage by sediment and petroleum drill cuttings
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X. ; 74:1, s. 132-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In laboratory experiments, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa was exposed to settling particles. The effects of reef sediment, petroleum drill cuttings and a mix of both, on the development of anoxia at the coral surface were studied using O2, pH and H2S microsensors and by assessing coral polyp mortality. Due to the branching morphology of L. pertusa and the release of coral mucus, accumulation rates of settling material on coral branches were low. Microsensors detected H2S production in only a few samples, and sulfate reduction rates of natural reef sediment slurries were low (<0.3 nmol S cm−3 d−1). While the exposure to sediment clearly reduced the coral’s accessibility to oxygen, L. pertusa tolerated both partial low-oxygen and anoxic conditions without any visible detrimental short-term effect, such as tissue damage or death. However, complete burial of coral branches for >24 h in reef sediment resulted in suffocation.
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| 10. |
- Apraiz, Itxaso, et al.
(författare)
-
Peroxisomal proteomics, biomonitoring in mussles after the Prestige's oil spill
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 58:12, s. 1815-1826
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Peroxisomal proteomics was applied to assess possible biological effects after the Prestige's oil spill. Mussels were sampled in July 2004 and 2005 in four stations in the NW (closest to the spill) and NE coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. Principal components analysis (PCA) suggested differences in protein expression among stations and sampling years. Several proteins were putatively identified by mass spectrometry and immunolocalization. PC1 separated the NW stations in 2004 from the rest of the stations and sampling years mainly due to up-regulation of peroxisomal β-oxidation proteins and PMP70. PC3 separated the NE-stations, based on up-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in 2004 compared to 2005. PC4 separated the stations in the NE and the NW. This work shows that environmental proteomics, together with multivariate data analysis, could provide information to interpret the effects of oil spills at cellular level in mussels also in the absence of historical data.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Argüello Moncayo, Gabriela, 1983
(författare)
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International law on ship recycling and its interface with EU law
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 109:1, s. 301-309
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation on ship recycling at international and European Union (EU) level has transitioned from the realm of transboundary movement of wastes to a specialized regime, i.e., the Hong Kong International Convention for the Safe and Environmentally Sound Recycling of Ships (2009) (Hong Kong Convention). Although this convention is not in force yet, the principal features of it have been incorporated in EU Regulation 1257/2013 on ship recycling. This paper examines the rationale behind developing a ship recycling regime, its disassociation from wastes, and the departure from the main principles of transboundary movement of wastes, such as the proximity principle, reduction of transboundary movement of wastes, and the prior informed consent procedure. While acknowledging some of the positive features of the emerging ship recycling, it is submitted that the Hong Kong Convention and EU Regulation 1257/2013 on ship recycling represent a step back in the regulation of ship recycling.
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| 13. |
- Arrhenius, Åsa, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel bioassay for evaluating the efficacy of biocides to inhibit settling and early establishment of marine biofilms
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 87:1-2, s. 292-299
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a novel assay that allows a quick and robust assessment of the effects of biocides on the initial settling and establishment of marine photoautotrophic biofilms including the multitude of indigenous fouling organisms. Briefly, biofilms are established in the field, sampled, comminuted and re-settled on clean surfaces, after 72 h chlorophyll a is measured as an integrating endpoint to reflect both settling and growth. Eight antifoulants were used to evaluate the assay. Efficacy ranking, based on EC98 values from most to least efficacious compound is: copper pyrithione > TPBP > DCOIT > tolylfluanid > zinc pyrithione > medetomidine > copper (Cu2+), while ecotoxicological ranking (based on EC10 values) is irgarol, copper pyrithione > zinc pyrithione > TPBP > tolylfluanid > DCOIT > copper (Cu2+)>medetomidine. The algaecide irgarol did not cause full inhibition. Instead the inhibition leveled out at 95% effect at 30 nmol l−1, a concentration that was clearly lower than for any other of the tested biocides.
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| 14. |
- Artioli, Yuri, et al.
(författare)
-
Nutrient budgets for European seas: A measure of the effectiveness of nutrient reduction policies.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 56:9, s. 1609-1617
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Socio-economic development in Europe has exerted increasing pressure on the marine environment. Eutrophication, caused by nutrient enrichment, is evident in regions of all European seas. Its severity varies but has, in places, adversely impacted socio-economic activities. This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of recently adopted policies to reduce anthropogenic nutrient inputs to European seas. Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets were constructed for three different periods (prior to severe eutrophication, during severe eutrophication and contemporary) to capture changes in the relative importance of different nutrient sources in four European seas suffering from eutrophication (Baltic Proper, coastal North Sea, Northern Adriatic and North-Western Black Sea Shelf). Policy success is evident for point sources, notably for P in the Baltic and North Seas, but reduction of diffuse sources has been more problematic.
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| 15. |
- Baden, Susanne P., 1952, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of depth and overgrowth of ephemeral macroalgae on a remote subtidal NE Atlantic eelgrass (Zostera marina) community
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We conducted a short-term field sampling complemented with time integrating stable isotope analysis to ho- listically investigate status and ecological interactions in a remote NE Atlantic Zostera marina meadow. We found high nutrient water concentrations, large biomass of fast-growing, ephemeral macroalgae, low abundance, and biodiversity of epifauna and a food web with thornback ray (Raja clavata) as intermediate and cod (Gadus morhua) as top predator. We observed no variation with increasing depth (3.5–11 m) except for decreasing shoot density and biomass of Zostera and macroalgae. Our results indicate that the Finnøya Zostera ecosystem is eutrophicated. During the past three to four decades, nutrients from aquaculture have steadily increased to reach 75% of anthropogenic input while the coastal top predator cod has decreased by 50%. We conclude that bottom-up regulation is a predominant driver of change since top-down regulation is generally weak in low density and exposed Zostera ecosystems such as Finnøya.
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| 16. |
- Barba-Lobo, Alejandro, 1992, et al.
(författare)
-
Sedimentary environmental quality of a biosphere reserve estuary in southwestern Iberian Peninsula
- 2024
-
Ingår i: MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 201
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Huelva estuary is formed by the common mouths of the Odiel and Tinto Rivers, and inside this ecosystem is the biosphere reserve of the Odiel saltmarshes. This ecosystem has been historically affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) and by releases of pollutants from five phosphoric acid industrial plants and phosphogypsum (PG) waste stacks located in the area. This study carried out a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of the biosphere reserve of the Odiel saltmarshes. To this end, it was necessary to find a suitable sedimentary background (Piedras River in our case). To quantify this impact, several pollution indexes were used. According to the values reached by the indexes, this impact was classified as "serious" pollution for most trace elements, excepting the deepest layers, and "low-moderate" pollution for the 238U-series radionuclides, while no pollution for the 232Th-series and 40K radionuclides was found as expected.
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| 17. |
- Barsiene, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cytogenetic and cytotoxic effects in gill cells of the blue mussel Mytilus spp. from different zones of the Baltic Sea
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 53:8-9, s. 469-478
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequency of micronuclei (MN) and other nuclear abnormalities (nuclear buds, bi-nucleated and fragmented-apoptotic cells) was analysed in gill cells of the blue mussel (Mytilus spp.) from selected coastal sites in the Baltic Sea-Kvadofjarden (Sweden), Klaipeda-Butinge zone (Lithuania), Gulf of Gdansk (Poland) and Wismar Bay (Germany). Samples were collected from 650 specimens during bi-annual sampling campaigns in 2001 and 2002. The lowest frequency of MN (0.37 MN/1000 cells) was found in blue mussels from the reference site (Kvadofjarden). The highest MN values (up to 6.7 MN/1000 cells) were registered in blue mussels from the Gulf of Gdansk in autumn 2001 and 2002, and at Wismar Bay in spring 2001 (up to 5.06 MN/1000 cells). Gradients of MN incidences were observed when comparing the three studied locations in Wismar Bay, and at the Lithuanian coast before the crude oil spill in the Butinge, oil terminal. Moreover, significant seasonal and inter-location differences in the responses were documented (P < 0.0001). Nuclear abnormalities were. observed most frequently in blue mussels from the Gulf of Gdansk. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Batel, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Histological, enzymatic and chemical analyses of the potential effects of differently sized microplastic particles upon long-term ingestion in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In microplastics (MPs) research, there is an urgent need to critically reconsider methodological approaches and results published, since public opinion and political decisions might be based on studies using debatable methods and reporting questionable results. For instance, recent studies claim that MPs induce intestinal damage and that relatively large MPs are transferred to, e.g., livers in fish. However, there is methodological criticism and considerable concern whether MP transfer to surrounding tissues is plausible. Likewise, there is an ongoing discussion in MP research if MPs act as vectors for adsorbed hazardous chemicals. In this study, effects of very small (4–6 μm) and very large (125–500 μm) benzo(a) pyrene (BaP)-spiked polyethylene (PE) particles administered via different uptake routes (food chain vs. direct uptake) were compared in a 21-day zebrafish (Danio rerio) feeding experiment. Particular care was taken to prevent cross-contamination of MPs during dissection and histological sample preparation. In contrast to numerous reports in literature describing similar approaches, independent of exposure route and MP size, no adverse effects could be detected. Likewise, no BaP accumulation could be documented, and MPs were exclusively seen in the lumen of the intestinal tract, which, however, did not induce any histopathological effects. Results indicate that in fish MPs are taken up, pass along the intestinal lumen and are excreted without any symptoms of adverse effects.
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| 19. |
- Belivermis, M., et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and gene expression responses of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to low pH and low dissolved oxygen
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence and frequency of hypoxia events have increased worldwide over the past decade as a conse-quence of global climate change and coastal biological oxygen depletions. On the other hand, anthropogenic emissions of CO2 and consequent accumulation in the sea surface result in a perturbation of the seawater car-bonate system, including a decrease in pH, known as ocean acidification. While the effect of decreases in pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration is better understood, their combined effects are still poorly resolved. Here, we exposed adult mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) to two pHs (8.27 and 7.63) and DO concentrations (7.65 and 2.75 mg L- 1) over 17 days in a full-factorial design. These levels correspond to extremes of the present natural variability and are relevant in the context of ocean acidification and hypoxia. No mortality was observed during the experiment. However, sublethal effects were observed for clearance and oxygen consumption rates, as well as total haemocytes count and haemocytes viability and gene expression in mussels exposed to the combination of low pH and low DO. Respiration and excretion rates were not significantly impacted by low pH and DO, alone or in combination. Overall, low pH alone led to a decrease in all tested physiological parameters while low DO alone led to a decline in clearance rate, haemocyte parameters and an increase in carbohydrate content. Both pa-rameters led to up-or down-regulation of most of the selected genes. Not surprisingly, the combined effect of low pH and low DO could not be predicted by a simple arithmetic additive response at the effect level, highlighting more complex and non-linear effects.
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| 20. |
- Bellas, Juan, et al.
(författare)
-
Embryotoxicity of the antifouling biocide zinc pyrithione to sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) and mussel (Mytilus edulis)
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 50:11, s. 1382-1385
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of the new antifouling compound zinc pyrithione (Zpt) on the embryonic development of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) and mussel (Mytilus edulis) were investigated in laboratory toxicity tests. The median effective concentrations (EC50) were 7.7 nM for sea urchin embryos and 8 nM for mussel embryos. Toxic effects of Zpt on the larval growth of the sea urchin were detected at 0.5 nM. Predicted environmental concentrations of Zpt in pleasure craft harbours. are higher than the predicted no effect concentrations for sea urchin and mussel embryos, indicating that Zpt may pose a threat to those species from exposure in the field. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bidleman, Terry F., et al.
(författare)
-
Sea-air exchange of bromoanisoles and methoxylated bromodiphenylethers in the Northern Baltic
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 112:1-2, s. 58-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Halogenated natural products in biota of the Baltic Sea include bromoanisoles (BAs) and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs). We identified biogenic 6-MeO-BDE47 and 2'-MeO-BDE68 in Baltic water and air for the first time using gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry. Partial pressures in air were related to temperature by: log p/Pa=m/T(K)+b. We determined Henry's law constants (HLCs) of 2,4-dibromoanisole (2,4-DiBA) and 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TriBA) from 5 to 30°C and revised our assessment of gas exchange in the northern Baltic. The new water/air fugacity ratios (FRs) were lower, but still indicated net volatilization in May-June for 2,4-DiBA and May - September for 2,4,6-TriBA. The net flux (negative) of BAs from Bothnian Bay (38,000km2) between May - September was revised from -1319 to -532kg. FRs of MeO-BDEs were >1, suggesting volatilization, although this is tentative due to uncertainties in their HLCs and binding to dissolved organic carbon.
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| 23. |
- Blanck, Hans, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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A retrospective analysis of contamination and periphyton PICT patterns for the antifoulant irgarol 1051, around a small marina on the Swedish west coast
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 58:2, s. 230-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irgarol is a triazine photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor that has been used in Sweden as an antifouling ingredient since the 1990´s. Early microcosm studies indicated that periphyton was sensitive to irgarol at concentrations regularly found in harbours and marinas. However, field studies of irgarol effects on the Swedish west coast in 1994, using the Pollution-Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) approach, failed to detect any effects of the toxicant in the field. A PICT study involves sampling of replicate communities in a gradient of contamination, and a comparison of their community tolerance levels, with an increase being an indication that sensitive species have been eliminated and replaced by more tolerant ones. Typically, short-term assays are used to quantify the community tolerance levels. Later PICT studies in the same area over a 10 year period demonstrate that irgarol tolerance levels have increased, although the contamination pattern has been stable. Our results support the hypothesis that that the PICT potential was low initially, due to a small differential sensitivity between the community members, and that a persistent selection pressure was required to favour and enrich irgarol tolerant species or genotypes.
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| 24. |
- Bour, Agathe, et al.
(författare)
-
Exposure to textile microfibers causes no effect on blood, behavior and tissue morphology in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Marine pollution bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3363 .- 0025-326X. ; 180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed textile microfibers impacts on the three-spined stickleback, using synthetic and natural fibers originating from yarns or washer effluents. After water exposure at 200 fibers/L, we assessed fish survival, behavior, tissue morphology and hemoglobin concentration, and paid special attention to exposure characterization. We report quantitative fiber distribution in the exposure system, fiber size distribution, and contamination. We provide a fiber preparation procedure and exposure method intended to ensure accurate and stable concentrations over time. Following exposure, no effect was observed on the studied endpoints in any of the treatment conditions. We observed fast sinking of the fibers. Fish organs and feces contained 1.3% and 6.8% of recovered fibers, and 12.6% fibers were found adhered to the tank walls. We show that water renewals in semi-static exposures is a critical step for the maintenance of stable concentrations, and discuss the practical and/or methodological challenges associated to the study of microfibers.
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| 25. |
- Bourlat, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Genomics in marine monitoring: new opportunities for assessing marine health status.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Marine pollution bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3363 .- 0025-326X. ; 74:1, s. 19-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This viewpoint paper explores the potential of genomics technology to provide accurate, rapid, and cost efficient observations of the marine environment. The use of such approaches in next generation marine monitoring programs will help achieve the goals of marine legislation implemented world-wide. Genomic methods can yield faster results from monitoring, easier and more reliable taxonomic identification, as well as quicker and better assessment of the environmental status of marine waters. A summary of genomic methods that are ready or show high potential for integration into existing monitoring programs is provided (e.g. qPCR, SNP based methods, DNA barcoding, microarrays, metagenetics, metagenomics, transcriptomics). These approaches are mapped to existing indicators and descriptors and a series of case studies is presented to assess the cost and added value of these molecular techniques in comparison with traditional monitoring systems. Finally, guidelines and recommendations are suggested for how such methods can enter marine monitoring programs in a standardized manner.
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| 26. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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External nutrient loading from land, sea and atmosphere to all 656 Swedish coastal water bodies
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 114:2, s. 664-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identifying the main sources of nutrient loading is a key factor for efficient mitigation of eutrophication. This study has investigated the pathways of external nutrient loading to 656 coastal water bodies along the entire Swedish coastline. The studied water bodies have been delineated to meet requirements in the European Union's Water Framework Directive, and recent status assessments have shown that 57% of them fail to attain good or high ecological status with respect to nutrients. The analysis in the study was performed on data from mass balance based nutrient budgets computed using the modelling framework Vattenwebb. The external nutrient contribution from the sea to the water bodies was highly variable, ranging from about 1% to nearly 100%, but the median contribution was >99% of the total external loading regarding both nitrogen and phosphorus. External loading from the atmosphere and local catchment area played a minor role in general. However, 45 coastal water bodies received >25% of the external nitrogen and phosphorus from their catchments. Loading from land typically peaked in April following ice-break and snow melting and was comparatively low during summer. The results indicate that for many eutrophicated Swedish coastal water bodies, nutrient abatement is likely to be optimally effective when potential measures in all of the catchment area of the concerned sea basin are considered. Local-scale mitigation in single water bodies will likely be locally effective only in the small proportion of areas where water and thereby also nutrient input from the catchment is high compared to the influx from the sea. Future studies should include nutrient reduction scenarios in order to refine these conclusions and to identify relevant spatial scales for coastal eutrophication mitigation measures from a water body perspective.
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| 27. |
- Carpenter, Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Securing a port's future through Circular Economy : Experiences from the Port of Gävle in contributing to sustainability
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 128, s. 539-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ports are an important player in the world, due to their role in global production and distributions systems. Theyare major intermodal transport hubs, linking the sea to the land. For all ports, a key requirement for commercialand economic viability is to retain ships using them and to remain accessible to those ships. Ports need to findapproaches to help them remain open. They must ensure their continued economic viability. At the same time,they face increasing pressure to become more environmentally and socially conscious. This paper examines theapproach taken by the Port of Gävle, Sweden, which used contaminated dredged materials to create new landusing principles of Circular Economy. The paper demonstrates that using Circular Economy principles can be aviable way of securing a port's future and contributing to its sustainability, and that of the city/region where itoperates.
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| 28. |
- Chen, Chuqun, et al.
(författare)
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Remotely sensed assessment of water quality levels in the Pearl River Estuary, China
- 2007
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3363 .- 0025-326X. ; 54:8, s. 1267-1272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a method of assessing water quality from satellite data is introduced. The composite pollution index (CPI) was calculated from measured chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrient concentration. The relationships between CPI and 240 band combinations of SeaWiFS water-leaving radiance were analyzed and the optimal band combination for estimating CPI was chosen from the 240 band combinations. An algorithm for retrieval of CPI was developed using the optimal band combination, (L-443 x L-510)/ (L-412 + L-490). The CPI was estimated from atmospherically corrected SeaWiFS data by employing the algorithm. Furthermore, the CPI value range for each water quality level was determined based on data obtained from 850 samples taken in the Pearl River Estuary. The remotely sensed CPIs were then transferred to water quality levels and appropriate maps were derived. The remotely sensed water quality level maps displayed a similar distribution of levels based on in situ investigation issued by the State Ocean Administration, China. This study demonstrates that remote sensing can play an important role in water quality assessment. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- de la Torre-Castro, Maricela, et al.
(författare)
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Seagrass importance for a small-scale fishery in the tropics : The need for seascape management
- 2014
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 83:2, s. 398-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale fisheries (SSF) in tropical seascapes (mosaics of interconnected mangroves, seagrasses and corals) are crucial for food and income. However, management is directed mostly to corals and mangroves. This research analyzes the importance of seagrasses compared to adjacent ecosystems in Chwaka Bay, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using fish landings; the study investigated: location of fishing effort, fish production (biomass and species), and monetary benefits (aggregated value and per capita income). Seagrasses were the most visited grounds providing highest community benefits. Per capita benefits were equivalent to those from corals and mangroves. All three habitats provided income just above extreme poverty levels; however catches from seagrass appeared more stable. Seagrass are key ecosystems supporting SSF and protection and management are urgently needed. Adoption of a seascape approach considering all ecosystems underpinning SSF and the social aspects of fishing and a shift in emphasis from pure conservation to sustainable resource management would be desirable.
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| 32. |
- Dellisanti, Walter, et al.
(författare)
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A short review on the recent method development for extraction and identification of microplastics in mussels and fish, two major groups of seafood
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 186
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of microplastics in the marine environment poses potential health risks to humans through seafood consumption. Relevant data are available but the diverse analytical approaches adopted to characterise microplastics have hampered data comparison among studies. Here, the techniques for extraction and identification of microplastics are summarised among studies of marine mussels and fish, two major groups of seafood. Among the reviewed papers published in 2018-2021, the most common practice to extract microplastics was through tissue digestion in alkaline chemicals (46 % for mussels, 56 % for fish) and oxidative chemicals (28 % for mussels, 12 % for fish). High-density solutions such as sodium chloride could be used to isolate microplastics from other undigested residues by flotation. Polymer analysis of microplastics was mainly carried out with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (58 % for both mussels and fish) and Raman spectroscopy (14 % for mussels, 8 % for fish). Among these methods, we recommend alkaline digestion for microplastic extraction, and the automated mapping approach of FTIR or Raman spectroscopy for microplastic identification. Overall, this study highlights the need for a standard protocol for characterising microplastics in seafood samples.
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| 33. |
- Dominik, Janusz, et al.
(författare)
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Mercury in the food chain of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 88:1-2, s. 194-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediments and biota samples were collected in a restricted area of the Lagoon of Venice and analysed for total mercury, monomethyl mercury (MMHg), and nitrogen and carbon isotopes. Results were used to examine mercury biomagnification in a complex food chain. Sedimentary organic matter (SOM) proved to be a major source of nutrients and mercury to primary consumers. Contrary to inorganic mercury, MMHg was strongly biomagnified along the food chain, although the lognormal relationship between MMHg and δ15N was less constrained than generally reported from lakes or coastal marine ecosystems. The relationship improved when log MMHg concentrations were plotted against trophic positions derived from baseline δ15N estimate for primary consumers. From the regression slope a mean MMHg trophic magnification factor of 10 was obtained. Filter-feeding benthic bivalves accumulated more MMHg than other primary consumers and were probably important in MMHg transfer from sediments to higher levels of the food chain.
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| 34. |
- Dosis, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in mussels from cultures and natural population
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 107:1, s. 92-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mass fractions were determined in mussel samples collected from 6 locations around Thermaikos Gulf in north Greece. PBDEs were present in all sampling sites and the average total (2,PBDEs) ranged from 17.7 to 323 ng/g l.w., characterising Thermaikos as low polluted, a fact further supported by congener ratios and literature comparison. Distribution was even among stations with one exception. Congener profiles exhibited predominance of penta-/octa-BDEs as well as BDE-209. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in pollution levels between the two types of mussel cultures. No variations were observed for mussel bunch position or between cultures and natural population. Congener correlation analysis suggested different pollution sources between higher and lower brominated congeners as well as different metabolic/degradation processes. Bioaccumulation factors indicated that an increase in congener bromination degree leads to bioaccumulation capacity reduction. Consumption of mussels from Thermaikos gulf area poses no threat for public health concerning PBDEs.
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| 35. |
- Egardt, Jenny, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Release of PAHs and heavy metals in coastal environments linked to leisure boats
- 2018
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 127, s. 664-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leisure boats are responsible for elevated levels of heavy metals and PAHs in sediments in- and near marinas and natural harbours. As these compounds are released directly into the water column they also pose a threat to organisms in the pelagic environment. Passive samplers were deployed during peak and post tourist season in the water column of natural harbours, leisure boat waterways and small marinas to measure the dissolved fraction of PAHs and metal ions. Differences between seasons indicative of leisure boat activities were found as PAH composition differed between peak and post season for natural harbours and waterways, where heavier PAHs increased during peak season. During peak season, metal samplers were covered by biofouling, which likely affected the uptake. Post season metal concentrations differ between locations, with concentrations exceeding quality standards at near mainland locations where boats are maintained, compared to the sites in the archipelago. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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| 36. |
- Egardt, Jenny, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Sediments indicate the continued use of banned antifouling compounds
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 125:1-2, s. 282-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. Antifouling paints are widely used to avoid organisms settling on boat hulls. The active ingredients in the paints have differed over the years where lead, TBT, irgarol and diuron have been deemed too harmful to non-target organisms and subsequently been banned within the EU. Most of these compounds however are persistent in the environment and can cause problems long after they are deposited.We have examined if present-day and banned substances used in antifouling paints can be found in sediments in a national park on the Swedish west coast. Sampled locations include waterways, natural harbours and small marinas for leisure crafts to investigate if number of visiting boats affect the concentration of antifouling compounds in sediments.Few significant differences were found when comparing the different locations types, suggesting that overall boat presence is more important than specific mooring sites, however, several banned antifouling compounds were found in the surface sediments.
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| 37. |
- El-Khaled, Yusuf C., et al.
(författare)
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High plasticity of nitrogen fixation and denitrification of common coral reef substrates in response to nitrate availability
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen cycling in coral reefs may be affected by nutrient availability, but knowledge about concentration-dependent thresholds that modulate dinitrogen fixation and denitrification is missing. We determined the effects of different nitrate concentrations (ambient, 1, 5, 10 μM nitrate addition) on both processes under two light scenarios (i.e., light and dark) using a combined acetylene assay for two common benthic reef substrates, i.e., turf algae and coral rubble. For both substrates, dinitrogen fixation rates peaked at 5 μM nitrate addition in light, whereas denitrification was highest at 10 μM nitrate addition in the dark. At 10 μm nitrate addition in the dark, a near-complete collapse of dinitrogen fixation concurrent with a 76-fold increase in denitrification observed for coral rubble, suggesting potential threshold responses linked to the nutritional state of the community. We conclude that dynamic nitrogen cycling activity may help stabilise nitrogen availability in microbial communities associated with coral reef substrates.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Elma, Eylem, et al.
(författare)
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Post-bleaching alterations in coral reef communities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 186
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explored the extent of post-bleaching impacts, caused by the 2014-2016 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, on benthic community structure (BCS) and herbivores (fish and sea urchins) on seven fringing reefs, with differing protection levels, in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Results showed post-bleaching alterations in BCS, with up to 68 % coral mortality and up to 48 % increase in turf algae cover in all reef sites. Herbivorous fish biomass increased after bleaching and was correlated with turf algae increase in some reefs, while the opposite was found for sea urchin densities, with significant declines and complete absence. The severity of the impact varied across individual reefs, with larger impact on the protected reefs, compared to the unprotected reefs. Our study provides a highly relevant reference point to guide future research and contributes to our understanding of post-bleaching impacts, trends, and evaluation of coral reef health and resilience in the region.
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| 40. |
- Elofsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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The revealed preferences of Baltic Sea governments : Goals, policy instruments, and implementation of nutrient abatement measures
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 118:1-2, s. 188-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen and phosphorus loads are considered a major reason for the eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. Until now, most of the abatement has been made at point sources while the implementation of policies for nonpoint sources has not led to equally large reductions in emissions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of how nutrient abatement measures are implemented by countries in the agricultural sector of the Baltic Sea region. We investigate how goal setting, policy instrument choice, and the level of implementation is determined by characteristics of the abatement measure as well as socio-economic characteristics of the country where it is implemented. Econometric analysis of a cross-sectional data set suggests that income, institutional capacity, and economies of scope in abatement and enforcement are important determinants of policies developed and their implementation. (C) 2017 The Authors.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Frogner-Kockum, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Less metal fluxes than expected from fibrous marine sediments
- 2020
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 Deposits of fibrous sediment, which include fiberbanks and fiber-rich sediments, are known to exist on the Swedish seafloor adjacent to coastally located former pulp and paper industries. These deposits contain concentrations of hazardous substances that exceed national background levels and contravene national environmental quality objectives (EQOs). In this study of metal fluxes from fibrous sediments using benthic flux chamber measurements (BFC) in situ we obtained detected fluxes of Co, Mo, Ni and Zn, but no fluxes of Pb, Hg and Cr. The absence of fluxes of some of the analyzed metals indicates particle bound transport of Pb, Cr and Hg from fiberbanks even though Hg might become methylated under anoxic conditions and, in that case, may enter the food chain. We found less metal fluxes than expected and thus emphasize the importance of in-situ flux measurements as a compliment to sediment metal concentrations within risk assessments of contaminated sediments.
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| 44. |
- Frogner-Kockum, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Metal contaminant fluxes across the sediment water interface
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 111:1-2, s. 321-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To date,most estimates of contaminant fluxes across the sediment/water interface in risk assessments have been done using diffusive flux models. However, the reliability of these is limited as the overall flux from the sediment may have contributions caused by advection and bioturbation. We found through a comparison of modelled fluxes versus measured fluxes, that the methods Benthic Flux Chamber and surface leaching tests in a risk assessment context showed similar magnitude while calculated fluxes deviated at least by a factor of 100 from measured fluxes. This may be explained by the flux contribution in connection with bioturbation. The chambermeasured fluxes of copper were low compared to those of zinc and cobalt, but this is consistent with leaching tests that indicated copper to be more strongly bound. Risk assessments based on total concentrations may be misleading.
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| 45. |
- Garcia-Tenorio, R., et al.
(författare)
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From radiometry to chronology of a marine sediment core: A Pb-210 dating interlaboratory comparison exercise organised by the IAEA
- 2020
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratories from 14 countries (with different levels of expertise in radionuclide measurements and Pb-210 dating) participated in an interlaboratory comparison exercise (ILC) related to the application of Pb-210 sediment dating technique within the framework of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project. The laboratories were provided with samples from a composite sediment core and were required to provide massic activities of several radionuclides and an age versus depth model from the obtained results, using the most suitable Pb-210 dating model. Massic concentrations of Zn and Cu were also determined to be used for chronology validation. The ILC results indicated good analytical performances while the dating results didnt demonstrate the same degree of competence in part due to the different experience in dating of the participant laboratories. The ILC exercise enabled evaluation of the difficulties faced by laboratories implementing Pb-210 dating methods and identified some limitations in providing reliable chronologies.
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| 46. |
- Gercken, J., et al.
(författare)
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Developmental disorders in larvae of eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) from German and Swedish Baltic coastal waters
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 53:8-9, s. 497-507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pregnant eelpout were collected for several years at German and Swedish Baltic coastal stations with different impact of pollutants and the prevalence of fry abnormalities compared between sites. Mortality of apparently normal developed larvae was observed with high variability in both German and Swedish sites. Malformation of larvae was a prominent disorder at all German stations with a prevalence ranging from about 50% up to a maximum of 90% in almost all analysed samples. At the Swedish stations malformation rates were significantly lower (range: 0-6%). Growth retardation of fry was clearly more prominent in eelpout from German coastal waters as well. Taken together the field data suggests that impaired larval development was associated with the state of environmental pollution at the sampling locations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 47. |
- Gevao, B., et al.
(författare)
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Baseline concentrations of pharmaceuticals in Kuwait's coastal marine environment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was carried out to provide baseline information on the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in Kuwait's coastal waters. Samples were collected over four sampling campaigns from various outfalls that occasionally discharged water into the marine environment and analyzed for a range of pharmaceuticals including analgesic/ anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antihelmintics, antihypertensives, antiplatelet agent, asthma medication, beta-blocking agent, calcium channel blocker, diuretic, histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonist, lipid regulators/cholesterol-lowering, prostatic hyperplasia, psychiatric drug, sedation and muscle relaxant, synthetic glucocorticoid, tranquilizer and x-ray contrast media. The levels varied between the detection limits of the method and a maximum of 28,183 ng/L for analgesics/anti-inflammatories. The highest pharmaceutical concentrations were in samples collected during the September campaign, possibly linked to the increased prescription of these medications to treat infectious diseases and flu prevalent in Kuwait during the winter months. The spatial variation is concentration is evident with KISR site being most polluted as hospital wastewater is discharged at the site. This study provides the first dataset on the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the seawater in Kuwait and possibly the wider Arabian Gulf. Kuwait's coastal water pharmaceutical concentrations derived from this study exceed those reported from the Spanish coast, the Hong Kong harbour, the Bohai and the Yellow seas. More studies are needed to evaluate the environmental impact that these residues may have on non-target organisms.
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| 48. |
- Gewert, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Abundance and composition of near surface microplastics and plastic debris in the Stockholm Archipelago, Baltic Sea
- 2017
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 120:1-2, s. 292-302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We collected plastic debris in the Stockholm Archipelago using a manta trawl, and additionally along a transect in the Baltic Sea from the island of Gotland to Stockholm in a citizen science study. The samples were concentrated by filtration and organic material was digested using hydrogen peroxide. Suspected plastic material was isolated by visual sorting and 59 of these were selected to be characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Polypropylene and polyethylene were the most abundant plastics identified among the samples (53% and 24% respectively). We found nearly ten times higher abundance of plastics near central Stockholm than in offshore areas (4.2 x 10(5) plastics km(-2) compared to 4.7 x 10(4) plastics km(-2)). The abundance of plastic debris near Stockholm was similar to urban areas in California, USA, and the overall abundance in the Stockholm Archipelago was similar to plastic abundance reported in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea.
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| 49. |
- Glibert, PA, et al.
(författare)
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Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks
- 2008
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 56:6, s. 1049-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed.
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| 50. |
- Gmach, Maria
(författare)
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Blue carbon stock heterogeneity in Brazilian mangrove forests: A systematic review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 197
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of blue carbon stocks in Brazilian mangroves. We evaluated the effect of characteristics and site status (impacted versus non-impacted) on carbon stocks found in the various compartments on total ecosystem carbon stock (TECS). TECS followed an inverse trend with the latitudinal position: the highest values were found on the North coast (mean 511 Mg C ha-1), followed by the Northeast and Southeast. A similar latitudinal trend was observed for sediment and above-ground biomass carbon stocks. Site status also significantly affected TECS and sediment carbon stocks. The heterogeneity observed in carbon stocks suggests that tidal regime, latitudinal position, climate, and human impacts jointly drive the processes related to sequestration and storage. Brazilian mangroves store-0.44 PgC, representing 10-12 % of the world TECS. This highlights Brazilian mangroves as a global blue carbon hotspot, and as an efficient nature-based solution for carbon dioxide removal.
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