| 1. |
- Wanntorp, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic relationships between Hoya and the monotypic genera Madangia, Absolmsia, and Micholitzia (Apocynaceae, Marsdenieae) : Insights from flower morphology
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. - 0026-6493 .- 2162-4372. ; 94:1, s. 36-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The monotypic genera Absolmsia Kuntze, Madangia P. I. Forst., Liddle & I. M. Liddle, and Micholitzia N. E. Br. (Apocynaceae, Marsdenieae) are, according to molecular phylogenetic results, nested within the genus Hoya R. Br. Together with Dischidia R. Br., these genera are considered to comprise a well-supported Glade within the tribe Marsdenieae. Flower morphology of Absolmsia, Madangia, and Micholitzia is examined by SEM and light microscopy and compared to that of the related H. caudata Hook. f., H. curtisii King & Gamble, H. hypolasia Schltr., H. lacunosa Blume. H. patella Schltr., H. retusa Dalzell, and H. venusta Schltr. We discuss the morphological evidence that supports the reduction of these genera into Hoya. Among characters supporting such a position is the presence of a pellucid margin on the pollinia of Absolmsia, Madangia, Micholitzia, and Hoya that is absent on the pollinia of Dischidia. Absolmsia and Madangia have a staminal corona with outer and inner lobes, similar to that of Hoya. While the outer corona processes of Absolmsia and Micholitzia are free and revolute, as in most species of Hoya, those of Madangia are laterally fused forming a continuous skirt resembling the corona of certain species of Hoya. The flowers of Micholitzia are superficially similar to those of Dischidia in its urceolate corolla, but the staminal corona with revolute outer processes decidedly links Micholitzia to Hoya. The new combination H. inflata (P. I. Forst., Liddle & I. M. Liddle) L. Wanntorp & P. I. Forst. is proposed. For Micholitzia obcordata N. E. Br., the name H. yuennanensis Hand.-Mazz. has nomenclatural priority and should therefore be used when including M. obcordata in Hoya.
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| 2. |
- Raguso, Robert A., et al.
(författare)
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Floral biology of North American Oenothera sect. Lavauxia (Onagraceae): Advertisements, rewards, and extreme variation in floral depth
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. - 0026-6493. ; 94:1, s. 236-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied the floral biology of five North American members of Oenothera L. sect. Lavauxia (Spach) Endl. (Onagraceae L.) in field and common greenhouse settings. Oenothera sect. Lavauxia floral morphology ranges from small, cleistogamous flowers (O. flava subsp. flava (A. Nels.) Garrett in Garrett) to sonic of the longest-tubed flowers in North America (O. flava subsp. taraxacoides (Wooton & Standl.) W. L. Wagner). Our goal was to compare qualitative and quantitative aspects of floral advertisement and reward among taxa in section Lavauxia. All taxa are night-blooming and self-compatible, have yellow petals with ultraviolet reflectance, and produce floral scents dominated by nitrogenous compounds and monoterpenes. Methyl nicotinate is present in the fragrances of all taxa of section Lavauxia regardless of flower size or putative mating system. Because this floral volatile is largely absent from other Oenothera species, we hypothesize that it is a synapomorphy for section Lavauxia. The rare O. acutissima W. L. Wagner, which is endemic to the Uintah Mountains, is polymorphic for odors dominated by linalool- or ocimene-derived compounds). Field observations in its type locality in northeastern Utah, U.S.A., revealed frequent floral visitation by crepuscular hawkmoths during the first 1.5 hours after anthesis, a pattern common to O. flava subsp. taraxacoides and other large-flowered Oenothera throughout western North America. Quantitative aspects of floral advertisement (flower size, scent emission) and reward (nectar volume) are dramatically reduced in putatively autogamous taxa (O. flava subsp. flava, O. triloba Nutt.). whereas qualitative aspects (flower color, scent, and nectar chemistry) remain comparable. All taxa could be distinguished through ordination of characters related to flower size, herkogamy. and scent chemistry. Extreme nectar tube length variation across the range of O. flava renders this an excellent model system for measuring the costs and mechanisms of shifts between outcrossing and autogamy.
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| 3. |
- Schneider, Jutta M, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Neotropical family Quiinaceae (Malpighiales) based on morphology with remarks on the evolution of an androdioecious sex distribution
- 2002
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Ingår i: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. - 0026-6493. ; 89:1, s. 64-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on morphology, a cladistic analysis of the Neotropical family Quiinaceae (Malpighiales) was performed to generate a hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships within the family. The monotypic Medusagynaceae and four species of Ochnaceae were used as outgroup. Using equal weights, the Quiinaceae find strong jackknife support and all genera, apart from Lacunaria. are monophyletic. Lacunaria receives support only after successive weighting, The Lacunaria oppositifolia and Quiina pteridophylla are positioned within their respective genera, although separation of the former as monotypic cannot be discarded with certainty. Proposed close relationship of the two species is rejected. Froesia is the morphologically midst distinguished genus and sister to all other taxa of the family. Touroulia amazonica, once suggested to be recognized at the generic level, forms a small but closely related clade with T. Quiina is the most diverse and derided genus with highly unresolved relationships and numerous polymorphic characters. A reduction toward smaller inflorescence, and flowers, fewer stamens. and fewer carpels can be hypothesized. Concerning the evolution of sex distribution, androdiocy was fixed early in a common ancestor of Lacunaria. Quiina. and Touroulia, and subsequently dioecy evolved in Lacunaria.
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| 4. |
- Bremer, Birgitta, 1950-
(författare)
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A review of molecular phylogenetic studies of Rubiaceae.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. - 0026-6493 .- 2162-4372. ; 96, s. 4-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rubiaceae is one of the five largest families of flowering plants with over 13,000 species. We have seen a tremendousincrease in our understanding of the phylogeny of the family through studies on molecular data during the 15-year period from1991 to 2005; some new relationships are completely unexpected and different from traditional classification. At the end of2005, ca. 50 phylogenetic reconstructions from the family had been published based on more than 4400 sequences. Moststudies are based on ITS and rbcL sequences, but 13 different markers have been used. Most sequences available in GenBank(as of 2005) are from rps16, trn(T)L-F, rbcL, and ITS. We can now see a framework of the family phylogeny with support forthree subfamilies and over 43 tribes; subfamily Cinchonoideae (Chiococceae, Cinchoneae, Guettardeae, Hamelieae, Hillieae,Hymenodictyeae, Isertieae, Naucleeae, Rondeletieae), subfamily Ixoroideae (Alberteae, Bertiereae, Coffeeae, Condamineeae,Cremasporeae, Gardenieae, Ixoreae, Mussaendeae, Octotropideae, Pavetteae, Posoquerieae, Retiniphylleae, Sabiceeae,Sipaneeae, Vanguerieae), and subfamily Rubioideae (Anthospermeae, Argostemmateae, Coussareeae, Craterispermeae,Danaideae, Gaertnereae, Knoxieae, Lasiantheae, Morindeae, Ophiorrhizeae, Paederieae, Psychotrieae, Putorieae, Rubieae,Schradereae, Spermacoceae, Theligoneae, Urophylleae), and tribe Coptosapelteae, which is placed outside the threesubfamilies. Two of these tribes, Gardenieae and Morindeae, are paraphyletic/polyphyletic. Only about half of the tribes havebeen the focus of specific investigations. However, we have seen increased interest in using Rubiaceae phylogenies for studiesof ecology, evolution, and biogeography, e.g., and also for morphological and anatomical investigations. Evolution of fruittraits, flower types, and myrmecophytism has been investigated, and biogeographic patterns for specific taxa in Africa, theCaribbean, and the Pacific have been studied. In addition, distribution of pollen types, chemical substances, and woodcharacteristics have been compared with molecular phylogenies.Key words:
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| 5. |
- BREMER, B, et al.
(författare)
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SUBFAMILIAL AND TRIBAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE RUBIACEAE BASED ON RBCL SEQUENCE DATA
- 1995
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - : MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - 0026-6493. ; 82:3, s. 383-397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A parsimony analysis of rbcL sequences from 49 Rubiaceae genera (representing 23 tribes) and 7 outgroup taxa was performed. Species representing 48 genera of Rubiaceae were sequenced: Anthospermum, Antirhea, Bertiera, Bouvardia, Calycophyllum, Catesbaea,
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| 6. |
- Bremer, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants
- 1998
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - : MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - 0026-6493. ; 85:4, s. 531-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent cladistic analyses are revealing the phylogeny of flowering plants in increasing detail, and there is support for the monophyly of many major groups above the family level. With many elements of the major branching sequence of phylogeny established
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| 7. |
- Groeninckx, Inge, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the Herbaceous Tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) Based on Plastid DNA Data
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden. - : Missouri Botanical Garden Press. - 0026-6493 .- 2162-4372. ; 96:1, s. 109-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract In its current circumscription, the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae s.l. (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae) unites the former tribes Spermacoceae s. str., Manettieae, and the Hedyotis–Oldenlandia group. Within Spermacoceae, and particularly within the Hedyotis–Oldenlandia group, the generic delimitations are problematic. Up until now, molecular studies have focused on specific taxonomic problems within the tribe. This study is the first to address phylogenetic relationships within Spermacoceae from a tribal perspective. Sequences of three plastid markers (atpB-rbcL, rps16, and trnL-trnF) were analyzed separately as well as combined using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. Our results support the expanded tribe Spermacoceae as monophyletic. The former tribe Spermacoceae s. str. forms a monophyletic clade nested within the Hedyotis–Oldenlandia group. Several genera formerly recognized within the Hedyotis–Oldenlandia group are supported as monophyletic (Amphiasma Bremek., Arcytophyllum Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f., Dentella J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., Kadua Cham. & Schltdl., and Phylohydrax Puff), while others appear to be paraphyletic (e.g., Agathisanthemum Klotzsch), biphyletic (Kohautia Cham. & Schltdl.), or polyphyletic (Hedyotis L. and Oldenlandia L. sensu Bremekamp). Morphological investigations of the taxa are ongoing in order to find support for the many new clades and relationships detected. This study provides a phylogenetic hypothesis with broad sampling across the major lineages of Spermacoceae that can be used to guide future species-level and generic studies
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G., et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary trends, major lineages, and new generic limits in the dioecious group of the tribe vanguerieae (rubiaceae) : Insights into the evolution of functional dioecy
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. - : Missouri Botanical Garden Press. - 0026-6493 .- 2162-4372. ; 96, s. 161-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New generic circumscriptions of the Paleotropical tribe Vanguerieae in the subfamily Ixoroideae s.l. (Rubiaceae) have recently been established its a result of it series of phylogenetic studies conducted by Lantz and Bremer. The genus Canthium Lam. was shown in their study to be highly polyphyletic, and a largely dioecious group was for the first little identified within Vanguerieae. dioecious group sensu Lantz and Bremer comprises about 140 species classified in eight genera: Canthium (Canthium subg. Bullockia Bridson), Dinocanthium Bremek., Leroya Cavaco, Neoleroya Cavaco, Peponidium (Baill.) Arenes, Pseudopeponidium Homolles ex Arenes, Pyrostria Comm. ex Juss., and Scyphochlamys Balf. f. We sequenced 79 Vanguerieae taxa and performed phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from two nuclear (EN and ITS) markers to: (1) pinpoint the phylogenetic positions of the Comorean and Indian Ocean Canthium and the Southeast Asian Canthium confertum Korth. group in Vanguerieae; (2) evaluate the phylogenetic utility of three taxonomic characters (bract type, locule number, and fruit shape) previously and currently used for delimiting genera in the dioecious group; and (3) assess the evolution of functional dioecy in Vanguerieae. The results support it further disintegration of Canthium s.l., as the Comorean and Malagasy Canthium species are shown for the first time to be closely related to Peponidium. Similarly, C. confertum appears to have a close affinity with Cyclophyllum Hook. f. The combined analyses show that [lie dioecious group call he subdivide(] into four morphologically distinct clades formally recognized as genera: Bullockia (Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, here elevated from Canthium subgen. Bullockia Bridson, Lis well its Cyclophyllum, Peponidium (including all Comorean, Malagasy, and Seychellean Canthium species), and Pyrostria (including Dinocanthium, Leroya, Neoleroya., Pseudopeponidium, and Scyphochlamys). All described species of Canthium subgen. Bullockia are transferred to Bullockia: B. dryscriton (Bullock) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, B.fadenii (Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, B. impressinervia (Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, B. mombazensis (Baill.) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, B. pseudosetiflora (Bridson) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer, and B. setiflora (Hiern) Razafim., Lantz & B. Bremer. Furthermore, the results seem to point to a single origin of functional dioecy followed by subsequent reversals [lack to tire hermaphroditic conditions at least within the Cyclophyllum-Canthium confertum clade and Pyrostria s.l. The Malagasy Bullockia species seem to have an African ancestor, whereas the Comorean Peponidium and the African Pyrostria appear to have originated from Malagasy progenitors.
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| 10. |
- Struwe, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Andean Speciation and Vicariance in Neotropical Macrocarpaea (Gentianaceae-Helieae)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals Of The Missouri Botanical Garden. - : Missouri Botanical Garden Press. - 0026-6493. ; 96:3, s. 450-469
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pains Macrocarpaea (Griseb.) Gilg (Gentianaceae. Helieae) is among the largest woody genera of tropical gentians, with most of its species occurring in the wet mountainous forest., of the Andes. Phylogenetic and dispersal-vicariance analyses (DIVA) of 57 of the 105 currently recognized species in the genus. Using two data sets front nuclear DNA (ITS and 5S-NTS sequences) and morphology. show it single origin of the Andean species front all ancestral distribution that includes southeastern Brazil. Within the Andes. species divide into two major clades: (1) northern species front the cordilleras of northern Ecuador, Colombia. and Venezuela; and (2) southern species of the Andean Amotape-Huancabamba Zone in Ecuador and Peru as well as the Andes of central and southern Peru and Bolivia. The Amotape-Huancabamba zone is supported as the ancestral area for Macrocarpaea within the Andes. There are repeated speciation patterns within the Andes, and three Mesoamerican species derive front the northern clade, as is the single sampled species front the Guayana Shield. The position of the subclade of the three Caribbean Species is less certain. but it currently nests among Andean species. An Atlantic coastal Brazilian clade is placed its sister group to all other Macrocarpaea, providing further support for all ancestral refuge in southeastern Brazil for the Helieae. The biogeographic analysis showed that local speciation is more common than long-distance dispersal, and allopatric speciation is more common than sympatric speciation. Using detailed, georeferenced herbarium collection data. patterns in environmental characteristics between clades and sister species were analyzed with Spatial Evolutionary and Ecological Vicariance, Analysis (SEEVA), utilizing geographic information system (GIS) and statistical methods. Sister clades and taxa were evaluated for statistical significance in variables such as annual rainfall and temperature, elevation, temperature and rainfall seasonality, geological bedrock age, and soil type to evaluate ecological vicariance between sister group. The results indicate that there are no general patterns for each variable, but that there are significant divergences in ecological niches between both larger sister groups and sister species, and ecological niche conservation was also observed when subsequent nodes in the phylogeny were compared.
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