| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Cloetens, Lieselotte, et al.
(författare)
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Role of dietary beta-glucans in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1753-4887 .- 0029-6643. ; 70:8, s. 444-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present review examines the evidence regarding the effect of β-glucan on variables linked to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), including appetite control, glucose control, hypertension, and gut microbiota composition. Appetite control can indirectly influence MetS by inducing a decreased energy intake, and promising results for a β-glucan intake to decrease appetite have been found using gut hormone responses and subjective appetite indicators. Beta-glucan also improves the glycemic index of meals and beneficially influences glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or MetS, as well as in healthy subjects. Furthermore, a blood-pressure-lowering effect of β-glucan in hypertensive subjects seems fairly well substantiated. The gut microbiota composition might be an interesting target to prevent MetS, and preliminary results indicate the prebiotic potential of β-glucan. The evidence that β-glucan influences appetite control and gut microbiota in a positive way is still insufficient or difficult to interpret, and additional studies are needed in this field. Still, much evidence indicates that increased β-glucan intake could prevent MetS. Such evidence should encourage increased efforts toward the development of β-glucan-containing functional foods and promote the intake of β-glucan-rich foods, with the aim of reducing healthcare costs and disease prevalence.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Fratiglioni, L, et al.
(författare)
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Brain aging: lessons from community studies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1753-4887 .- 0029-6643. ; 6868 Suppl 2:12, s. S119-S127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Gustafsson, JA
(författare)
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Fatty acids in control of gene expression
- 1998
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 56:22 Pt 2, s. S20-S21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Laanpere, Margit, et al.
(författare)
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Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and its effect on female fertility and pregnancy viability
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 68:2, s. 99-113
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This review summarizes current knowledge of the effect of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and related genetic variants on female fertility and pregnancy viability. Insufficient folate status disrupts DNA methylation and integrity and increases blood homocysteine levels. Elevated levels of follicular fluid homocysteine correlate with oocyte immaturity and poor early embryo quality, while methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variants are associated with lower ovarian reserves, diminished response to follicular stimulation, and reduced chance of live birth after in vitro fertilization. Embryos carrying multiple MTHFR variants appear to have a selective disadvantage; however, the heterozygousMTHFR 677CT genotype in the mother and fetus provides the greatest chance for a viable pregnancy and live birth, possibly due to a favorable balance in folate cofactor distribution between methyl donor and nucleotide synthesis. The results of previous studies clearly emphasize that imbalances in folate metabolism and related gene variants may impair female fecundity as well as compromise implantation and the chance of a live birth.
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| 7. |
- Lannfelt, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Translating research on brain aging into public health : a new type of immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 68:12, s. S128-S134
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The identification of disease-causing mutations in Alzheimer's disease has contributed greatly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. The amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide has come into focus and is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. With only symptomatic treatment available, efforts to develop new therapeutics aimed at lowering the amount of A beta peptides in the affected brain have intensified. In particular, immunotherapy against A beta peptides has attracted considerable interest, as it offers the possibility to generate highly specific molecules targeting highly specific moieties. Due to intense research efforts and massive investments at universities and in the pharmaceutical industry, the outlook for patients and their relatives has never been brighter.
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| 8. |
- Lawrence, Mark A., et al.
(författare)
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Building global alliances for public health nutrition training
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 67:5, s. S66-S68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to present a review of opportunities and challenges for future progress in building intercountry, regional, and global alliances for public health nutrition training. Drawing on experiences from developing, implementing, and evaluating public health nutrition training in Australasia, Europe, and the Middle East, suggestions are provided for building a network of global training activities. Opportunities are described in areas such as standardization of course competencies and registration schemes, resource sharing, student and trainer exchange programs, and professional development. Challenges are identified and options presented for building global alliances in public health nutrition training into the future.
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| 9. |
- Savic-Berglund, I
(författare)
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Imaging of olfaction and gustation
- 2004
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 62:1111 Pt 2, s. S205-S207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Wall, Rebecca, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Fatty acids from fish : the anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 68:5, s. 280-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are precursors of potent lipid mediators, termed eicosanoids, which play an important role in the regulation of inflammation. Eicosanoids derived from n-6 PUFAs (e.g., arachidonic acid) have proinflammatory and immunoactive functions, whereas eicosanoids derived from n-3 PUFAs [e.g., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] have anti-inflammatory properties, traditionally attributed to their ability to inhibit the formation of n-6 PUFA-derived eicosanoids. While the typical Western diet has a much greater ratio of n-6 PUFAs compared with n-3 PUFAs, research has shown that by increasing the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids in the diet, and consequently favoring the production of EPA in the body, or by increasing the dietary intake of EPA and DHA through consumption of fatty fish or fish-oil supplements, reductions may be achieved in the incidence of many chronic diseases that involve inflammatory processes; most notably, these include cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, but psychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses are other examples.
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| 11. |
- Cardozo, LFMF, et al.
(författare)
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Cruciferous vegetables: rationale for exploring potential salutary effects of sulforaphane-rich foods in patients with chronic kidney disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1753-4887 .- 0029-6643. ; 79:11, s. 1204-1224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulforaphane (SFN) is a sulfur-containing isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) and a well-known activator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), considered a master regulator of cellular antioxidant responses. Patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) present with high levels of oxidative stress and a massive inflammatory burden associated with diminished Nrf2 and elevated nuclear transcription factor-κB-κB expression. Because it is a common constituent of dietary vegetables, the salutogenic properties of sulforaphane, especially it’s antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, have been explored as a nutritional intervention in a range of diseases of ageing, though data on CKD remain scarce. In this brief review, the effects of SFN as a senotherapeutic agent are described and a rationale is provided for studies that aim to explore the potential benefits of SFN-rich foods in patients with CKD.
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| 12. |
- Carlström, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Coffee consumption and reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes : a systematic review with meta-analysis.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 76:6, s. 395-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health problem worldwide that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There is increased interest in the value of different nutrition-based strategies for preventing the development of T2D.Objective: This review aims to cover current knowledge regarding the effects of coffee consumption on development of T2D or modulation of adverse complications. A meta-analysis on coffee consumption and the risk of T2D was conducted. Moreover, bioactive components in coffee, polymorphisms, and potential underlying mechanism(s) in relation to T2D and adverse complications are discussed.Data sources: PubMed was searched up to December 1, 2017, and prospective cohort and nested case-control studies of the association between coffee consumption and T2D risk were selected.Data extraction: Two investigators independently extracted data from included studies.Results: A total of 30 prospective studies with 1 185 210 participants and 53 018 incident T2D cases were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.76) for the highest category of coffee consumption (median consumption, 5 cups/d) vs the lowest category (median consumption, 0 cups/d). The risk of T2D decreased by 6% (RR = 0.94; 95%CI, 0.93-0.95) for each cup-per-day increase in coffee consumption. Results were similar for caffeinated coffee consumption (per additional cup of coffee per day: RR = 0.93; 95%CI, 0.90-0.96) and decaffeinated coffee consumption (corresponding RR = 0.94; 95%CI, 0.90-0.98).Conclusions: Available evidence indicates that coffee consumption is inversely associated with risk of T2D. Possible mechanisms behind this association include thermogenic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects; modulation of adenosine receptor signaling; and microbiome content and diversity.
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| 13. |
- Ekstrand, Bo, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 79:6, s. 693-708
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of the human brain is based on an interplay between the inherited genotype and external environmental factors, including diet. Food and nutrition, essential in maintenance of brain performance, also aid in prevention and treatment of mental disorders. Both the overall composition of the human diet and specific dietary components have been shown to have an impact on brain function in various experimental models and epidemiological studies. This narrative review provides an overview of the role of diet in 5 key areas of brain function related to mental health and performance, including: (1) brain development, (2) signaling networks and neurotransmitters in the brain, (3) cognition and memory, (4) the balance between protein formation and degradation, and (5) deteriorative effects due to chronic inflammatory processes. Finally, the role of diet in epigenetic regulation of brain physiology is discussed.
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| 14. |
- Landberg, Rikard, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary biomarkers-an update on their validity and applicability in epidemiological studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; In Press
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this literature review was to identify and provide a summary update on the validity and applicability of the most promising dietary biomarkers reflecting the intake of important foods in the Western diet for application in epidemiological studies. Many dietary biomarker candidates, reflecting intake of common foods and their specific constituents, have been discovered from intervention and observational studies in humans, but few have been validated. The literature search was targeted for biomarker candidates previously reported to reflect intakes of specific food groups or components that are of major importance in health and disease. Their validity was evaluated according to 8 predefined validation criteria and adapted to epidemiological studies; we summarized the findings and listed the most promising food intake biomarkers based on the evaluation. Biomarker candidates for alcohol, cereals, coffee, dairy, fats and oils, fruits, legumes, meat, seafood, sugar, tea, and vegetables were identified. Top candidates for all categories are specific to certain foods, have defined parent compounds, and their concentrations are unaffected by nonfood determinants. The correlations of candidate dietary biomarkers with habitual food intake were moderate to strong and their reproducibility over time ranged from low to high. For many biomarker candidates, critical information regarding dose response, correlation with habitual food intake, and reproducibility over time is yet unknown. The nutritional epidemiology field will benefit from the development of novel methods to combine single biomarkers to generate biomarker panels in combination with self-reported data. The most promising dietary biomarker candidates that reflect commonly consumed foods and food components for application in epidemiological studies were identified, and research required for their full validation was summarized.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Moreira, LDG, et al.
(författare)
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Pink pressure: beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) as a possible novel medical therapy for chronic kidney disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1753-4887 .- 0029-6643. ; 80:5, s. 1041-1061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) manifests with systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis, resulting in metabolic disorders and elevated rates of cardiovascular disease–associated death. These all correlate with a high economic cost to healthcare systems. Growing evidence indicates that diet is an indispensable ally in the prevention and management of CKD and its complications. In this context, the root vegetable beetroot (Beta vulgaris rubra) deserves special attention because it is a source of several bioactive compounds, such as nitrate, betaine, and betalain, and has shown beneficial effects in CKD, including reduction of blood pressure, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant actions by scavenging radical oxidative species, as observed in preclinical studies. Beetroot consumption as a possible therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical treatment of patients with CKD and future directions for clinical studies are addressed in this narrative review.
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| 17. |
- Poutanen, Kaisa S., et al.
(författare)
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Grains - a major source of sustainable protein for health
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643 .- 1753-4887. ; 80:6, s. 1648-1663
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cereal grains are the main dietary source of energy, carbohydrates, and plant proteins world-wide. Currently, only 41% of grains are used for human consumption, and up to 35% are used for animal feed. Cereals have been overlooked as a source of environmentally sustainable and healthy plant proteins and could play a major role in transitioning towards a more sustainable food system for healthy diets. Cereal plant proteins are of good nutritional quality, but lysine is often the limiting amino acid. When consumed as whole grains, cereals provide health-protecting components such as dietary fiber and phytochemicals. Shifting grain use from feed to traditional foods and conceptually new foods and ingredients could improve protein security and alleviate climate change. Rapid development of new grain-based food ingredients and use of grains in new food contexts, such as dairy replacements and meat analogues, could accelerate the transition. This review discusses recent developments and outlines future perspectives for cereal grain use.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Bäckhed, Fredrik, 1973
(författare)
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Host responses to the human microbiome
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0029-6643. ; 70:Supplement S1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human gut is home to vast numbers of bacteria (gut microbiota), which outnumber the cells in the human body by an order of magnitude. The gut microbiota has coevolved with humans and can be considered an organ of similar size as the liver, containing more than 1,000 cell types (bacterial species) and encoding 150-fold more genes than are present in the human genome. Accordingly, the gut microbiota may have profound effects on various host responses, either directly or indirectly, by modifying food components or endogenously produced molecules into signaling molecules. Recent findings suggest that an altered gut microbial composition is associated with inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, indicating that the gut microbiota should be considered a contributing factor in several common diseases.
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| 20. |
- Ellegård, Lars, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary plant sterols and cholesterol metabolism
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - 0029-6643. ; 65:1, s. 39-45
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant sterols, naturally occurring in foods of plant origin, reduce cholesterol absorption. Experimental studies show plant sterols to be an important part of the serum-cholesterol lowering effect of certain diets and dietary components. Epidemiological data show that individuals with higher intakes of plant sterols from their habitual diets have lower serum-cholesterol levels. To date, the role of naturally occurring plant sterols for lowering serum cholesterol has probably been underestimated. The consumption of dietary plant sterols should be a part of dietary advice to patients with hypercholesterolemia and the general public for the prevention and management of coronary heart disease.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Heitmann, Berit L, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood obesity: successes and failures of preventive interventions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nutrition Reviews. - 1753-4887. ; 67:Suppl 1, s. 89-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite progress toward assuring the health of today's young population, the 21(st) century began with an epidemic of childhood obesity. There is general agreement that the situation must be addressed by means of primary prevention, but relatively little is known about how to intervene effectively. The evidence behind the assumption that childhood obesity can be prevented was discussed critically in this roundtable symposium. Overall, there was general agreement that action is needed and that the worldwide epidemic itself is sufficient evidence for action. As the poet, writer, and scholar Wittner Bynner (1881-1968) wrote, "The biggest problem in the world could have been solved when it was small".
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Vågstrand, Karin E, et al.
(författare)
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Cariogenic bacteria as biomarkers for sugar intake.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nutrition reviews. - 0029-6643. ; 65:3, s. 111-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cariogenic bacteria (lactobacilli and mutans streptococci) in saliva are possible biomarkers for sugar intake. We evaluated the strength of the evidence for an association between sugar intake and the two groups of bacteria, and concluded that there is a limited to moderately scientific basis for this association. Because of many confounding factors, bacteria counts can never be used as a precise measurement of sugar intake, but might still be useful on a group level.
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