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1.	Abdollahi, Abbas, et al. (författare) Self-Concealment Mediates the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Attitudes Toward Seeking Psychological Help Among Adolescents 2017 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 120:6, s. 1019-1036 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract One of the biggest barriers in treating adolescents with mental health problems is their refusing to seek psychological help. This study was designed to examine the relationships between two forms of perfectionism, self-concealment and attitudes toward seeking psychological help and to test the mediating role of self-concealment in the relationship between perfectionism and attitudes toward seeking psychological help among Malaysian high school students. The participants were 475 Malaysian high school students from four high schools in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Structural equation modelling results indicated that high school students with high levels of socially prescribed perfectionism, high levels of self-concealment, and low levels of self-oriented perfectionism reported negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Bootstrapping analysis showed that self-concealment emerged as a significant, full mediator in the link between socially prescribed perfectionism and attitudes toward seeking psychological help. Moderated mediation analysis also examined whether the results generalized across men and women. The results revealed that male students with socially prescribed perfectionism are more likely to engage in self-concealment, which in turn, leads to negative attitudes toward seeking psychological help more than their female counterparts. The results suggested that students high in socially prescribed perfectionism were more likely to engage in self-concealment and be less inclined to seek psychological help.
2.	Andersson, Helle W., et al. (författare) Maternal child-rearing attitudes, IQ and socioeconomic status as related to cognitive abilities of five-year-old children. 1996 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 79:1, s. 3-14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The effects of maternal child-rearing attitudes, as measured by the Child Rearing Practices Report, on 5-yr.-old children's Verbal IQ and Performance IQ were investigated in a Scandinavian samp;le of 108 boys and 126 girls. The maternal child-rearing attitude of Restrictiveness, as defined by scores on the Report, showed negative relations to the cognitive measures. However, the significant negative relation between Restrictiveness and Verbal IQ, obtained for both sexes, disappeared when the effects of maternal IQ and socioeconomic status were controlled The maternal child-rearing attitude of Nurturance, as defined by scores on the Report, was significantly related to Verbal IQ and Performance IQ for boys only. Significant relationships between scores on Nurturance and cognitive abilities of boys remained when the effects of maternal IQ and socioeconomic status were controlled.
3.	Barbato, Giuseppe, et al. (författare) EFFECTS OF PROLONGED WAKEFULNESS : THE ROLE OF PERIOD3 GENOTYPES AND PERSONALITY TRAITS 2013 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : AMMONS SCIENTIFIC, LTD. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 113:2, s. 540-551 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The roles of personality traits, as assessed by Eysenck Personality Inventory, and of the clock gene PERIOD3 (PER3) were analysed on the subjective effects of prolonged wakefulness. A sample of 70 healthy participants (7 men, 63 women; M age = 24.2 yr., SD = 3.2) was studied during forced wakefulness between 7:30 p.m. and 9:30 a.m. According to Eysenck's arousal model, it was hypothesized that prolonged wakefulness might affect in a different way those classified as Introverted and Extraverted. During the forced wakefulness period, the Introverted group showed greater decrease in subjective measures of vigilance than did the Extraverted group, but no differences were observed between groups with high and low scores on Psychoticism and Neuroticism. Prolonged wakefulness had a negative effect on subjective sleepiness and mood in all three PER3 polymorphisms analysed.
4.	Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al. (författare) Distributions by age and sex of the dimensions of Temperament and Character Inventory in a cross-cultural perspective among Sweden, Germany, and the USA 2001 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 89, s. 747-758 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Distribution by age and sex of the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were assessed cross-culturally for samples in Sweden, German, and USA. The Temperament and Character Inventory is a 240-item (Sweden, 238-item), self-administered, true-false format, paper-and-pencil test developed by Cloninger and his co-workers based on his unified biosocial theory of personality. The inventory measures the Temperament dimensions Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence as well as the Character dimensions, Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence. The samples consisted of 300 German subjects, 300 Swedish subjects, and 300 U.S. subjects matched by age cohort and sex. Stability of the personality dimensions was evaluated across samples as were their age and sex distributions. We found significant affects of age, sex, and culture in univariate and multivariate comparisons on the personality dimensions. However, several significant differences in the personality dimensions for both European samples appear to be similar compared with those of the U.S. sample. We have to conclude that sex- and age-specific norms for the dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory are necessary given the established significant differences.
5.	Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al. (författare) Further development of the Temperament and Character Inventory 2001 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 93, s. 995-1002 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger’s psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.
6.	Brändström, Sven, 1952-, et al. (författare) Further development of the temperament and character inventory 2003 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 93:3 II, s. 995-1002 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Temperament and Character Inventory is an internationally used personality questionnaire based on Cloninger's psychobiological theory of personality. Given some limitations of Version 9 a revised version was developed. The structural equivalence of the two versions was demonstrated from a cross-cultural perspective with 309 and 173 healthy volunteers from Sweden and Germany, respectively, who completed both versions in one session. In testing for the replicability of the factors across both samples as well as across both versions, an orthogonal Procrustes rotation method was used. The reliability coefficients for the revision were higher than the former version for both samples. The factor structures of the inventory remain highly equivalent across cultures and across versions. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. The stability and the validity of the 7-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, are supported. The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised represents an important and useful method for the assessment of personality.
7.	Brändström, Sven, et al. (författare) Reliability of informant ratings and spouse similarity based on the Temperament and Character Inventory 2011 Ingår i: PSYCHOLOGICAL REPORTS. - Missoula : Psychological reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 109:1, s. 231-242 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A cohort of 136 Swedish spouse pairs rated themselves and each other with the Temperament and Character Inventory. The data allowed assessment of the reliability of ratings by knowledgeable informants compared to self-rating for this personality test. The reliability of the informant rating was in the expected range, with an average correlation of .58. Agreement was slightly higher for the Temperament dimensions than for the Character dimensions. Additionally, the design allowed evaluation of the similarity between husbands and wives across the seven dimensions measured by the TCI. Correlations between spouses in self-reports were very low for Temperament, with only Harm Avoidance having a statistically significant correlation (.22, p < .05). On the other hand, all three Character dimensions were significantly correlated. These results support the conceptualization of Temperament and Character as separate components of personality. The results are consistent with previous reports on the personality of spouse pairs. Read More: http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/02.09.PR0.109.4.231-242?journalCode=pr0
8.	Buckley, Jeffrey, 1992-, et al. (författare) Exploring the Prototypical Definitions of Intelligent Engineers Held by Irish and Swedish Higher Education Engineering Students 2021 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Males are generally overrepresented in higher education engineering. However, the magnitude of this variance differs between countries and engineering fields. Evidence associated with the field-specific ability beliefs hypothesis suggests that perceptions of intelligence held by actors within engineering affects the engagement of underrepresented groups. This study examined perceptions of an intelligent engineer held by undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students in Ireland and Sweden, countries selected based on their levels of female representation in engineering education. It was hypothesised that there would be a significant difference in perceptions between countries. A survey methodology was employed in which a random sample of Irish and Swedish university students completed two surveys. The first asked respondents to list characteristics of an intelligent engineer, and the second asked for ratings of importance for each unique characteristic. The results indicate that an intelligent engineer was perceived to be described by seven factors; practical problem solving, conscientiousness, drive, discipline knowledge, reasoning, negative attributes, and inquisitiveness when the data was analysed collectively, but only the five factors of practical problem solving, conscientiousness, drive, discipline knowledge and negative attributes were theoretically interpretable when the data from each country was analysed independently. A gender × country interaction effect was observed for each of these five factors. The results suggest that the factors which denote intelligence in engineering between Irish and Swedish males and females are similar, but differences exist in terms of how important these factors are in terms group level definitions. Future work should consider the self-concepts held by underrepresented groups with respect to engineering relative to the factors observed in this study.
9.	Byrka, Katarzyna, et al. (författare) Environmental attitude as a mediator of the relationship between in nature and self-reported ecological behavior 2010 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 107:3, s. 847-859 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Environmental attitude and ecological behavior were investigated in relation to the use of nature for psychological restoration. Specifically, with survey data from 468 German university students, the role of environmental attitude was investigated as a mediator of the restoration-behavior relationship. Assuming that positive experiences in nature can have a broad influence on environmental attitudes, the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale, an attitudinal measure with broad scope, was adopted. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated partial mediation by environmental concern. The study helps to consolidate the restoration theme in the growing literature on positive motivations for ecological behavior.
10.	Caruana, Albert, et al. (författare) Psychometric Properties of the Brand Personality Scale: Evidence from a Business School 2007 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 100:3.1, s. 789-794 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Brand Personality Scale has received considerable attention and has been frequently used and cited in the branding literature. This paper describes an investigation of the psychometric characteristics of the Brand Personality Scale in a business school context where umbrella branding is used. A sample (N = 262) of students attending the MBA program of a major business school in eastern USA completed the scale. Results indicate problems with the scale's dimensionality, poor reliability, convergent and nomological validity of the Ruggedness dimension, and lack of support for discriminant validity. Managerial and research implications and limitations are noted
11.	Dackert, Ingrid, et al. (författare) Team climate inventory with a merged organization 2002 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 91:2, s. 651-656 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The present study examines the team climate for innovation in work teams within a newly merged organization. Four teams working at a regional head office of a Social Insurance organization answered the Team Climate Inventory. The results were compared to those of a study by Agrell and Gustafson of more stable teams. The compareson showed that parti¬cipative safety and support for innovation were rated lower and that vision was rated higher in the newly merged teams. The 38-item original inventory was used and based on the results, a 1999 proposed shortened version of 14 items by Kivimaki and Elovainio was compared with the original one. Analysis indicated that the short version can be a valid alternative to the original version but that further testing of the short version is needed.
12.	Dewitte, Laura, et al. (författare) Meaning Through Attachment : An Integrative Framework 2019 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 122:6, s. 2242-2265 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We propose an integrative framework, advancing attachment as a vital factor in the development and maintenance of meaning throughout life. First, early attachment experiences provide a foundation for recognizing patterns and acquiring a sense of order and coherence. Furthermore, interactions with sensitive attachment figures stimulate mentalization capacities and exploration of the inner and outer environment, enabling the formation of complex representations of self, others, and the world, ultimately also molding how individuals appraise meaning in their lives. Second, attachment security can serve as an enduring and powerful resource for handling threats to meaning. When confronted with disruptions to meaning, secure attachment provides a coherent set of representations to fall back on and maintain or regain a firm sense of order and meaning under challenging circumstances. Moreover, by promoting cognitive openness and tolerance of ambiguity, secure attachment facilitates flexible and realistic adjustment of meaning representations when encountering discrepant information.
13.	du Preez, Elisabeth, et al. (författare) Personality and mental health : An investigation of South African police trainees 2011 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - Missoula. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 108:1, s. 301-316 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The relationship between personality and mental health was investigated in one cohort of police trainees at a South African police academy (1,145 police recruits; 648 men, 497 women). Male trainees reported less somatisation, depression, anxiety, and phobic anxiety symptoms and lower harm avoidance as well as higher persistence than female trainees. A cluster analysis based on the personality scores was used to identify three clusters with personality profiles characterized as Vulnerable, Healthy, and Intermediate profiles. Sociodemographic variables and temperament and character domain scores contributed separately and differentially to the explanation of variance in mental health symptom scores. Selection tools should be developed to identify vulnerable individuals in terms of personality characteristics during selection and prior to training, to prevent later problems with stress reactions. Additional training modules focusing on coping skills could possibly reduce vulnerability to stress in some trainees.
14.	du Preez, Elisabeth, et al. (författare) Personality of South African police trainees 2009 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - Missoula, MT, USA : Ammons Scientific. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 105:2, s. 539-553 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract There have been efforts to identify a "police personality" based on dispositional and socialization models. Personality traits of successful police applicants at the Police College in Pretoria, South Africa (N=1,145 police trainees), with regard to sex, ethnic group, and English language reading skills, were described in terms of scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory. South African police trainees generally evaluated themselves as substantially lower in Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance combined with lower Cooperativeness, but they scored much higher on SeIf-Directedness, Persistence, and Self-Transcendence compared to South African university students from the same area. These are characteristics expected from future police officers, which supports the dispositional model.
15.	FerradaNoli, M (författare) Health and socioeconomic indicators in psychiatric catchment areas with divergent suicide rates 1997 Ingår i: Psychological reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 81:2, s. 611-619 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Differences found in the incidence of suicide between the psychiatric catchment areas of the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm were investigated in relation to health and socioeconomic indicators during the study period 1990–1994. The hypothesis of the study was that negative socioeconomic indicators and psychosocial and health indicators denoting less favourable socioeconomic status may negatively influence the suicide rate of the demographic units in this cross-sectional study. The incidence of suicide between the areas was significantly different and increasingly divergent in the last year of the study period. The area with a higher proportion of suicides had also an increased proportion of individuals who retired early, lower life expectancy at birth, higher nonemployment, lesser income among the employed, less public expenditure for education, less proportion of home ownership, and a higher proportion of persons bound to one-room dwellings. Disregarding the influence of ethnicity (there were no statistically significant differences on immigrants' suicide between the areas) as well as in the availability of psychiatric care (assuming that similar quality of psychiatric care was provided by both sectors), or other demographic indices commonly shared by the areas, the possibility of strong effects of unfavourable health and socioeconomic indices appeared relevant for the explanation of an increased incidence of suicide. The findings provide new empirical contradiction to the socioeconomic hypothesis of the incidence of suicide, which postulated that populations with higher socioeconomic status may have increased suicide rates.
16.	FerradaNoli, M, et al. (författare) Psychiatric health, ethnicity and socioeconomic factors among suicides in Stockholm 1997 Ingår i: Psychological reports. - 0033-2941. ; 81:1, s. 323-332 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
17.	FerradaNoli, M (författare) Social psychological indicators associated with the suicide rate: replying to the socioeconomic hypothesis 1997 Ingår i: Psychological reports. - 0033-2941. ; 80:1, s. 315-322 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
18.	FerradaNoli, M (författare) Social psychological variables in populations contrasted by income and suicide rate: Durkheim revisited 1997 Ingår i: Psychological reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 81:1, s. 307-316 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The ten richest and ten poorest municipalities of Sweden were investigated with respect to national statistics to assess the relationship between suicide incidence, discrete social psychological variables associated with welfare admittance among the elderly, and income of municipality. The relative frequency of suicide was 1.6 times greater for Swedes from the low-income municipalities than for those from the high-income ones. The group of municipalities with the highest suicide rate had a significantly higher proportion of older people in need of municipal social assistance at their homes and also a significantly higher proportion of elderly living in municipality-managed ‘service-homes.’ The findings replicate earlier investigations and suggest social psychological indicators denoting less favourable economic and social resources are also associated with both an increased suicide rate and a decreased county or municipal income. Some theoretical issues of the socioeconomic and of the external restraint hypotheses of the incidence of suicide, contradicted by the present findings as well as of Durkheim's hypothesis of social control are discussed. Further, we suggest the consideration of negative socioeconomic conditions as a risk factor amid psychiatric clinical assessments of risk for suicidal behaviour.
19.	Fors Brandebo, Maria, 1979-, et al. (författare) The impact of constructive and destructive leadership on soldier's job satisfaction 2019 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 122:3, s. 1068-1086 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study was to investigate whether constructive or destructive leadership behaviors are the best predictors of soldiers’ experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. Data were collected among 300 employed soldiers using a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about the immediate leader’s constructive and destructive leadership, meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. The results show that the constructive leadership factor inspiration and motivation was the best predictor of both experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction. None of the destructive leadership factors gave a significant contribution to the models although both the passive and active forms of destructive leadership showed a weak to moderate significant, negative correlation with experienced meaningfulness of work and general job satisfaction.
20.	Fäldt Ciccolo, Erica (författare) Exploring experience of family relations by patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa using a projective family test. 2008 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 103:1, s. 231-242 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Elements of family dynamics have been shown to be related to onset, course, as well as prognosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The goal was to explore the experience of family relations in a group of patients with eating disorders using a projective family test. The Patient group (anorexia=21, bulimia=16), as well as a healthy Control group, were given a projective family test, the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, as well as Karolinska Scales of Personality. The Patient group expressed more discord within the family picture than the Control group, such as cold and loveless relationships and not feeling validated. The group of patients reporting the most family discord did not show more eating disorder pathology or general psychopathology. They did, however, have higher scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 subscale Maturity Fears, as well as higher values on the Karolinska Scales of Personality subscale Socialization. These results are interpreted within the background of methodological challenges in this area of research.
21.	Gunnarsson, Helena, et al. (författare) Pain From a Distance: Can Third-Person Self-Talk Mitigate Pain Sensitivity and Pain Related Distress During Experimentally Induced Pain? 2024 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 0:0, s. 1-16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Pain is self-immersive, leading to a narrow, egocentric focus on the self in the here andnow. Preliminary evidence suggests that distancing oneself from the pain can reduceexperimentally induced pain. The primary aim of this experimental study was toexamine whether a hitherto unexplored, simple self-distancing strategy – “third-personself-talk” – has an analgesic effect on physiological and psychological pain variables.Participants (N = 292) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (third-personself-talk, first-person self-talk, and two control conditions). Pain was induced with acold pressor apparatus and pain tolerance, pain intensity, negative affect and bloodpressure were measured for each group.While in pain, participants engaged in strategicself-talk aided by cue-cards. Data were analyzed with univariate planned comparisons.Few significant differences emerged for the third-person self-talk versus the otherconditions. It is concluded that third-person self-talk does not seem to have ameaningful effect on physiological and psychological pain variables, although a smalleffect size could not be ruled out. Practical implications are discussed.
22.	Gärling, Tommy, et al. (författare) Adults' Assessments of children's accident risks 1987 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 60:3, s. 1003-1010 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It was hypothesized that the parents, the child, other people, the environment, and chance are salient causes in adults' causal schemata of accidents in childhood and that their assessments of the likelihood of such accidents in connection with the supervision of children depend on the strength attributed to these causes. In support of the hypothesis, ratings by 72 adult nonparents (undergraduates) of the likelihood that children in different ages (2–4, 5–6, 7–9, and 10–12 yr.) become seriously injured by poisonings, drownings, traffic accidents, home fires, medical mistreatments, and tornadoes correlated with their ratings of the strength attributed to the causes. The analysis also showed differences in the causal schemata for the different types of accidents with respect to how much causal strength was attributed to the parents and the child as a function of the child's age.
23.	Henriksson, Jessica, 1987-, et al. (författare) Effects of Eight-Week-Web-Based Mindfulness Training on Pain Intensity, Pain Acceptance, and Life Satisfaction in Individuals With Chronic Pain 2016 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 119:3, s. 586-607 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examined the effects of an eight-week-web-based mindfulness programdesigned for individuals with chronic pain. A sample of 107 participants with chronicpain (M¼51.0 years, SD¼9.3) were randomly assigned to a treatment group and acontrol group. The mindfulness program involved 20 minutes of training per day, sixdays a week, for eight weeks. During this period, the control group was invited to anonline discussion forum involving pain-related topics. A total of 77 participantscompleted the postintervention assessment (n¼36 in the treatment group, n¼41in the control group). The group assigned to mindfulness training showed increasedmindfulness skills (Cohen’s d¼1.18), reduced pain intensity (d¼0.47–0.82), reducedpain-related interference/suffering (d¼0.39–0.85), heightened pain acceptance(d¼0.66), reduced affective distress (d¼0.67), and higher ratings of life satisfaction(d¼0.54) following the training with no or minor changes up for the control group(d values 0.01–0.23), a pattern substantiated by significant group-by-time interactions.Despite limitations of this study, including a less than ideal control groupto isolate effects of mindfulness and lack of a long-term follow-up, the results appearpromising and may motivate further investigations.
24.	Hjärthag, Fredrik, 1973-, et al. (författare) Psychometric Properties of the Burden Inventory for Relatives of Persons with Psychotic Disturbances 2008 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Ammons Scientific. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. - 9789170632273 ; 103, s. 323-335 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Earlier studies have shown that close relatives are heavily burdened when a family member has schizophrenia. The current purpose was twofold, (1) to examine the psychometric properties for a test of the burden of family members, one used in Swedish clinical practice (the Care Burden Scale for Relatives) and (2) develop a shortened version with the same or better psychometric properties. Ninety-nine close relatives, 34 men and 65 women, of the same number of patients who had been diagnosed either with schizophrenia or with schizoaffective disorder, were studied. Participants completed the Care Burden Scale for Relatives and a visual analogue scale measuring perceived global burden on which the total burden was assessed. Patients of the close relatives were assessed on clinical tests often used in the psychiatric care, in an attempt to validate the external criteria, such as severity of symptoms and level of functioning. The resulting instrument, Burden Inventory for Relatives of persons with Psychotic disturbances, showed good psychometric properties which simplifies data collection from relatives of patients with psychotic disturbances. In this study, relatives of those patients not in remission evinced a significant greater family burden.
25.	Hochwälder, Jacek, 1962- (författare) Assumptions about human nature : Comparison of implicit and explicit personality theories 2000 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 87:2, s. 611-622 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hjelle and Ziegler (1981) believe that people's positions on nine fundamental dimensions of human nature affect their personality theories, and that differences between people on these dimensions contribute to differences between their personality theories. The present study was conducted in order to obtain information about the ordinary person's position on these dimensions and to compare the ordinary person's position with 10 personality theorists' positions. 84 subjects rated their positions on each of nine Ii-step bipolar dimensions. The following results were obtained: (1) According to the ordinary person, the human being is free, changeable, influenced by the subjective world of experience, a product of the environment, and best understood from a holistic perspective; (2) The position of the ordinary person is most similar to Allport's position, and least similar to Skinner's position. The results are discussed in light of the relation between implicit (lay) and explicit (scientific) theories of personality.
26.	Hochwälder, Jacek (författare) Test of Antonovsky's postulate : High sense of coherence helps people avoid negative life events 2015 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 116:2, s. 363-376 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study tested Antonovsky's postulate that a high sense of coherence (SOC) helps people avoid negative life events. It was assumed that negative life events that were uncontrollable would not show this effect, while those events that potentially could be controlled would show a significant relationship with SOC. 1,012 female nurses (M age = 46.9 yr.; SD = 8.9) participated in this longitudinal study and were divided into groups with low, moderate, and high SOC. Sixteen negative life events were categorized into uncontrollable and controllable events, with the controllable events divided into three sub-categories. Five one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) for independent measures followed up with post hoc tests were performed, with the number of experienced events in a given cat-egory by each participant (at Time 2) as the dependent variable and the three SOC groups (formed at Time 1) as the independent variable. The results indicated that the high SOC group reported fewer controllable negative life events, while there was no significant relationship between the SOC level and uncontrollable negative life events. The findings support the postulate in Antonovsky's model, with the distinction between controllable and uncontrollable negative life events.
27.	Jansson-Fröjmark, Markus, et al. (författare) Psychometric Properties of Two Brief Versions of Cognitive, Insomnia-Specific Measures : The Anxiety and Preoccupation About Sleep Questionnaire and the Sleep-Associated Monitoring Index 2020 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 123:3, s. 966-982 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of two brief versions of previously validated cognitive process measures in insomnia: the Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire and the Sleep-Associated Monitoring Index.Methods: Two samples (168 students and 219 patients with insomnia disorder) completed original and brief versions of the two measures (Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire-Brief version and Sleep-Associated Monitoring Index-Brief version). Also, they filled out sociodemographic questions, sleep items, and the Insomnia Severity Index.Results: In both samples, the internal consistencies of the two brief versions were acceptable at alpha = .70 to.72. The correlations between the original and brief versions were significant at .79 to .82. The two brief versions were also significantly associated with insomnia severity and nighttime symptomatology. In the student sample, those with likely insomnia disorder (14.9% of the sample) scored significantly higher on the two brief versions, relative to those without insomnia.Conclusion: The two brief versions, Anxiety and Preoccupation about Sleep Questionnaire-Brief version and Sleep-Associated Monitoring Index-Brief version, displayed acceptable psychometric properties. This implies that the two brief versions might be viable alternatives for use in clinical and research settings.
28.	Kajonius, Petri J. (författare) Honesty-humility in contemporary students: manipulations of self-image by inflated iq estimations 2014 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Ammons Scientific Ltd. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 115:1, s. 1-16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Summary.—The HEXACO model offers a complement to the Big-Five model, including a sixth factor, Honesty-Humility, and its four facets (Sincerity, Fairness, Greed-avoidance and Modesty). The four facets of Honesty-Humility and three indicators of intelligence (one performance-based cognitive ability test, one self-estimated academic potential, and one self-report of previous IQ test results) were assessed in students entering higher education (N=187). A significant negative correlation was observed between Honesty-Humility and self-reported intelligence (r=–.37), most evident in the Modesty facet. These results may be interpreted as tendencies of exaggeration, using a theoretical frame of psychological image-management, concluding that the Honesty-Humility trait captures students’ self-ambitions, particularly within the context of an individualistic, competitive culture such as Sweden.
29.	Kerekes, Nora, 1969, et al. (författare) The Swedish version of the parent-rated Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI). 2010 Ingår i: Psychological reports. - 0033-2941. ; 107:3, s. 715-25 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Swedish version of the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI), it was sent to parents of 9- and 12-yr.-old twins in Sweden. The final number of responders was 196 parents who rated 92 female and 104 male twin pairs. The inventory of one twin, randomly chosen from each pair, was included in the analyses. Reward Dependence, Persistence, and Cooperativeness were scored higher in girls; Novelty Seeking was higher in the 9-yr.-olds and Persistence in the 12-yr.-olds. Pearson's correlations showed that some dimensions were not statistically independent from each other, even if the covariance was moderate. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was satisfactory for Harm Avoidance, Novelty Seeking, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness (.68-.81), while it was lower in those dimensions that had fewer items. The Swedish parent version of the J-TCI shared about the same psychometric characteristics as found in international samples.
30.	Korol, Liliia, et al. (författare) Are Immigrants Scapegoats? : The Reciprocal Relationships Between Subjective Well-Being, Political Distrust, and Anti-immigrant Attitudes in Young Adulthood 2023 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 126:3, s. 1392-1415 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examined the impact of native youth's subjective well-being on exclusionary attitudes toward immigrants, seeking to understand the relationship between subjective well-being, political distrust, and anti-immigrant attitudes over time. Using longitudinal data, we followed three cohorts of native young adults (N = 1352; Mage = 22.72, SD = 3.1) in Sweden over a period of 2 years. The results showed that subjective well-being did not predict an increase in anti-immigrant attitudes among native youth, but anti-immigrant attitudes had a significant impact on subjective well-being. The data also found bidirectional and mutually reinforcing relationships between subjective well-being and political distrust, and between political distrust and anti-immigrant attitudes. These results highlight that improving young adults' subjective well-being represents an important basis for preventing the development of political distrust, which in turn could reduce native youth's susceptibility to adopt hostile attitudes toward immigrants.
31.	Larson, Tomas, 1967, et al. (författare) Reliability of the Autism - Tics, ADHD and other Comorbidities inventory (A-TAC) in a test-retest design 2014 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 114, s. 93-103 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Summary .— The Autism–Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities (A-TAC) inventory is used in epidemiological research to assess neurodevelopmental problems and coexisting conditions. Although the A-TAC has been applied in various populations, data on retest reliability are limited. The objective of the present study was to present additional reliability data. The A-TAC was administered by lay assessors and was completed on two occasions by parents of 400 individual twins, with an average interval of 70 days between test sessions. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were analysed with intraclass correlations and Cohen's !. A-TAC showed excellent test-retest intraclass correlations for both autism spectrum disorder and attention-defcit hyperactivity disorder (each at .84). Most modules in the A-TAC had intra and inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coeffcients of # .60. Cohen's k indicated acceptable reliability. The current study provides statistical evidence that the A-TAC yields good test-retest reliability in a population-based cohort of children.
32.	Levallius, Johanna, et al. (författare) Binge eating and addictive-like behaviours in males and females 2022 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 125:1, s. 148-166 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract INTRODUCTION: Binge eating is a common behaviour that is strongly linked to both obesity and eating disorder. There is evidence that binge eating commonly co-occurs with other problematic and addictive-like behaviours; however, this has not been explored systematically. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between binge eating, body weight, disordered eating behaviours and associated addictive-like behaviours, with particular attention paid to gender differences.METHOD: A community sample (N = 500; 75% female, Mage = 32.5 years) reported disordered eating behaviours (i.e. binge eating, purging, restriction of eating, compulsive exercise), body mass index (BMI), food addiction, starvation addiction, exercise dependence, tobacco use and alcohol consumption.RESULTS: 42% of females and 21% of males reported binge eating during the past four weeks. Binge eating was significantly associated with all investigated behaviours in females, and with purging, compulsive exercise and overweight/obesity in males. Controlling for BMI, self-starvation predicted binge eating in males (OR = 1.07), while food addiction (OR = 1.73) and alcohol dependence (OR = 1.11) predicted binge eating in females.CONCLUSIONS: The multiple associations between binge eating and addictive-like behaviors supports broad screening and generalized prevention efforts. Prevention efforts should reflect gender differences.
33.	Lilford, Neil, et al. (författare) Psychometric properties of the feedback orientation scale among south african salespersons 2014 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 114:1, s. 126-133 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Feedback to employees is an important management tool, and the literature demonstrates that it has a positive effect on learning, motivation, and job performance. This study investigates in a non-U.S. context the psychometric properties of the Feedback Orientation Scale. Data were gathered from a sample of 202 salespersons from a large South African firm within the industrial fuels and lubricants sector. Confirmatory Factor Analysis provided evidence for the intended dimensionality, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of the scale.
34.	Lilja, Åsa, et al. (författare) Psychological profile in patients with Stages I and II breast cancer: associations of psychological profile with tumor biological prognosticators. 2003 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 92:3 Pt 2, s. 1187-1198 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have earlier shown that breast cancer patients with moderately or well differentiated tumors seem to be able to inhibit stress evoked from anger in a successful manner, while those with poorer prognosis do not. We now report a study with an enlarged group of patients, investigating associations between tumor biological factors and psychological profile. 129 patients with Stages I and II breast cancer undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy were interviewed and tested with three projective personality tests assessing attitude to aggression and coping with stress and anxiety. Creative functioning was also tested. Patients with Stage I (smaller) tumors reported a "fighting spirit" attitude toward the disease, but they also showed depressive reaction patterns. Moreover, if the patient could successfully avoid or inhibit the stress evoked from perceiving an aggressive motif in the picture shown in the aggression test, the tumor biological situation was better. Patients who did not inhibit stress reactions on the aggression test and also on the anxiety test had a poorer tumor biological situation. Surprisingly, low speed of tumor cell proliferation (DNA S-phase fraction) correlated with high scores on the creativity test. Successful denial or inhibition of stress evoked by aggression combined with a creative, flexible attitude was associated with a better tumor biological situation.
35.	Lindfors, Petra, 1973-, et al. (författare) Single and aggregate salivary cortisol measures in working women living in high and low status neighborhoods in Sweden 2015 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 117:2, s. 380-89 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Contextual factors including neighborhood status have consistently been associated with health disparities. This may relate to a poorer neighborhood status involving an exposure to chronic stressors, which dysregulates cortisol secretion. This study investigated single and aggregate cortisol measures in 88 working women living in high and low status neighborhoods. Results showed significantly lower waking cortisol among women in low status neighborhoods. However, there were no group differences in aggregate cortisol measures. The lower morning cortisol among women in the low status neighborhoods follows previous research suggesting hypocortisolism as a pathway linking neighborhood status and health disparities, albeit a less consistent finding across cortisol measures in this sample. This may relate to the Swedish welfare state and its fostering of equality.
36.	Lundberg, Johanna, 1975-, et al. (författare) Does two-year stability for scale scores of psychosocial factors differ by socioeconomic position? 2009 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 105:3, s. 1009-1022 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Previous longitudinal studies have demonstrated the importance of measuring stability of risk factors over time to correct for attenuation bias. The present aim was to assess the stability of scores for eight psychometric scales over a 2-yr. period and whether stability differed by socioeconomic position. Baseline data were collected during 2003–2004 from 1,007 men and women ages 45 to 69 years. Follow-up data were collected in 2006 from a total of 795 men and women. Analysis showed that stability over 2 yr. was moderate and tended to be lower in groups of low socioeconomic position. It is suggested that correction of attenuation bias is relevant in longitudinal studies for psychosocial factors, especially for groups of low socioeconomic position.
37.	Magnusson, Sara, et al. (författare) Sweden : Income and suicide 2010 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 107:1, s. 157-162 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Previous publications have reported two conflicting patterns describing the relationship between income and suicide in Sweden; positive and negative. Methodologically the studies have differed, and the analysis has been limited to a few areas. To better understand the relationship, a nationwide, cross-sectional, ecological study of the 290 municipalities in Sweden was planned. OLS regression analyses showed the overall and female suicide rates were negatively related to income, while the effect on male suicide rates was not statistically significant. The results confirm earlier findings of a negative relationship between income and suicide.
38.	Muhonen, Tuija, et al. (författare) Collective and individualistic coping with stress at work. 2008 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 102:2, s. 450-458 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the present study, coping was viewed as both an individualistic and a collective phenomenon, and the investigation assessed how use of collective and individualistic coping strategies was related to sex of respondent and organizational level. These strategies were measured by responses to Swedish versions of the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale and the COPE Inventory. Data were collected by means of an Internet-based questionnaire completed by 950 female (n = 502) and male (n = 448) employees at both the managerial (n = 171) and nonmanagerial (n = 764) levels, working in customer service in a Swedish telecom company. The mean age of the participants was 47 yr. (SD = 9.7). Analysis showed women more often used collective strategies, but so also did both women and men managers. Men did not use problem-focused individualistic coping strategies more often than women. No interactions between sex and organizational level were found. Separate analyses for women and men indicated that coping was more related to organizational level than to sex.
39.	Muhonen, Tuija, et al. (författare) Collective and individualistic coping with stress at work 2008 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 102:2, s. 450-458 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the present study, coping was viewed as both an individualistic and a collective phenomenon, and the investigation assessed how use of collective and individualistic coping strategies was related to sex of respondent and organizational level. These strategies were measured by responses to Swedish versions of the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale and the COPE Inventory. Data were collected by means of an Internet-based questionnaire completed by 950 female (n = 502) and male (n = 448) employees at both the managerial (n = 171) and nonmanagerial (n = 764) levels, working in customer service in a Swedish telecom company. The mean age of the participants was 47 yr. (SD = 9.7). Analysis showed women more often used collective strategies, but so also did both women and men managers. Men did not use problem-focused individualistic coping strategies more often than women. No interactions between sex and organizational level were found. Separate analyses for women and men indicated that coping was more related to organizational level than to sex.
40.	Mörtberg, Ewa, et al. (författare) Psychometric Evaluation of the Social Phobia Inventory and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory in a Swedish University Student Sample 2019 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : SAGE Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 122:1, s. 323-339 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Social anxiety is common in the general population, as well as among students in higher education. For screening of social anxiety, there is a need for brief scales. In the present study, the psychometric properties were examined in a Swedish version of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) in a university student sample (n = 161). In addition to the SPIN and Mini-SPIN, participants completed measures of fear of public speaking, general anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Exploratory factor analyses were used to investigate the underlying dimensions of the SPIN, and reliability, convergent, and divergent validity of SPIN and Mini-SPIN were examined by Cronbach’s alpha and correlation analyses. It was found that a shorter eight-item version of the SPIN was associated with two solid factors (fear and avoidance of social interaction and fear and avoidance of criticism), and acceptable internal consistency, convergent, and divergent validity. In addition, the Mini-SPIN was associated with satisfactory convergent validity, but the reliability was not acceptable. It is concluded that the SPIN-8 is a viable screening tool for social anxiety in a university student population.
41.	Nishida, Tamotsu, et al. (författare) Cross-cultural Comparison of Motivation to Learn in Physical Education : Japanese vs Swedish Schoolchildren 2007 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941. ; 101, s. 597-613 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The present study compared differences between Japanese and Swedish schoolchildren in learning motivation-related variables in physical education. The subjects were 1,562 Japanese fifth and sixth graders (776 boys and 786 girls) ranging in age from 10 to 12 years and 573 Swedish fifth graders (306 boys and 267 girls) from 10 to 13 years (M= 11.4, SD=0.5). They completed three questionnaires to evaluate the children's learning motivation, factors supporting motivation to learn, and preferences of learning behavior. The questionnaires were taken from Nishida's Diagnosis of Learning Motivation in Physical Education Test, a multidimensional and comprehensive test that measures learning motivation. A 2 x 2 (country by sex) multivariate analysis of variance indicated both Swedish boys and girls scored significantly higher than the Japanese children on most subscales. Results were discussed in relation to differences in the sports environment and culture of the two countries.
42.	Perrin-Wallqvist, Renée, et al. (författare) Adolescents' fire-setting awareness under boredom relation to personality variables 2004 Ingår i: Psychological Reports, 94, 863-871. ; 94:3, s. 863-871 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
43.	Richter, J., et al. (författare) An Iranian (Farsi) version of the temperament and character inventory : A cross-cultural comparison 2007 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 100:3 II, s. 1218-1228 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Temperament and Character Inventory is a widely used personality questionnaire. It was developed to measure the four temperament dimensions of Novelty Seeking, Harm Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence, as well as three character dimensions, such as Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence, described in Cloninger's unified biosocial theory of personality. In a sample of 300 Germans, 300 Swedes, and 316 Iranian subjects, a factorial structure analysis using the Procrustes rotation method showed the structure of personality to be generally equivalent across cultures. Noteworthy cultural differences between the overall Asian and European subjects reflected by the data were observed in various Temperament and Character dimensions. Seemingly, there are cultural differences in the expression of the various personality facets that require a replacement of many items in the Iranian version. The Temperament and Character Inventory is sensitive to age, sex, and cultural differences in personality. © Psychological Reports 2007.
44.	Richter, Jörg, et al. (författare) Assessing personality : The Temperament and Character Inventory in a cross-cultural comparison between Germany, Sweden, and the U.S.A. 1999 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 84, s. 1315-1330 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this study the American, Swedish, and German versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were compared based on samples of 330 healthy volunteers each, which had been carefully matched for age and sex. The analyses indicate a high agreement for scores on the temperament and character dimensions and subscales across the samples. Exceptions include minor differences that appear to be due to cultural variations, differences in sampling methods, and of some minor difficulties with two subscales (Exploratory Excitability and Self-acceptance) as well as defining the Persistence factor as an independent dimension of Temperament. The subscales yielded similar internal consistencies, correlational structure, factor structures, and high factor congruence coefficients. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. Also, the validity and stability of the seven-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, is supported.
45.	Runeson-Broberg, Roma, et al. (författare) Work-Related Psychosocial Stress as a Risk Factor for Asthma, Allergy, and Respiratory Infections in the Swedish Workforce 2014 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 114:2, s. 377-389 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examined the association between work-related psychosocial stress and asthma, atopy, and respiratory infections. 532 randomly selected occupationally active people (272 men, 260 women; M age = 41 yr., SD = 13) in Sweden participated. Information on history of asthma, atopy, and respiratory infections was collected by a postal self-report questionnaire. Work stress was assessed based on the demands-control-support model. Current asthma and respiratory infections were associated with work-related psychosocial stress. When stratified for sex, these associations were only found in men. Associations between low control, low support, and current asthma were found among young participants (<40 years), whereas among older participants (>40 years) low supervisor support was associated with frequent respiratory infections.
46.	Rydstedt, Leif W., et al. (författare) Psychological Characteristics of Swedish Mandatory Enlisted Soldiers Volunteering and Not Volunteering for International Missions : An Exploratory Study 2013 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 112:2, s. 678-688 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The purpose of this study was to assess personality traits, psychological fitness, and hardiness among conscript soldiers volunteering for international missions (n = 146), by comparing them with conscripts from the same year class and unit who did not apply for international missions (n = 275). The sample consisted of all mandatory enlisted soldiers assigned to a supply and maintenance regiment. There were no demographic differences between the groups. The volunteers reported greater stress tolerance, concern for others, extraversion, and self-confidence than the non-volunteers. There were no differences between the groups in orderliness, temper instability, or independence. Volunteers repeatedly reported greater psychological fitness for military missions and greater hardiness over the period of military service compared to the non-volunteers.
47.	Semb, Olof, 1968-, et al. (författare) Distress after a single violent crime : how shame-proneness and event-related shame work together as risk factors for post-victimization symptoms 2011 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 109:1, s. 3-23 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To increase understanding of post-victimization symptom development, the present study investigated the role of shame- and guilt-proneness and event-related shame and guilt as potential risk factors. 35 individuals (M age = 31.7 yr.; 48.5% women), recently victimized by a single event of severe violent crime, were assessed regarding shame- and guilt-proneness, event-related shame and guilt, and post-victimization symptoms. The mediating role of event-related shame was investigated with structural equation modeling (SEM), using bootstrapping. The guilt measures were unrelated to each other and to post-victimization symptoms. The shame measures were highly intercorrelated and were both positively correlated to more severe post-victimization symptom levels. Event-related shame as mediator between shame-proneness and post-victimization symptoms was demonstrated by prevalent significant indirect effects. Both shame measures are potent risk factors for distress after victimization, whereby part of the effect of shame-proneness on post-victimization symptoms is explained by event-related shame.
48.	Sjöberg, M., et al. (författare) Two Sides of the Same Coin : The Relationship Between Modern Racism and Rape Blaming Attitudes among Swedish Students and Community Members 2022 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - : Sage Publications. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 125:1, s. 545-564 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between modern racism and rape victim and perpetrator blame, and rape perception. Participants from both a community population (n = 211) and a student population (n = 200) read a rape vignette and provided their judgements of blame towards a victim and perpetrator, their perception of the event as rape, and later answered the modern racism scale. Results showed a significant positive relationship between modern racism and rape victim blame (r = .35, R2 ×× 100 = 12.1%), while modern racism had a significant negative relationship with perpetrator blame (r = −.27, R2 ×× 100 = 7.5%) and rape perception (r = −.29, R2 ×× 100 = 8.7%). Implications for the criminal justice system as well as suggestions for future research were discussed.
49.	Sundbom, Elisabet, et al. (författare) Personality and defenses : a cross-cultural study of psychiatric patients and healthy individuals in Nicaragua and Sweden. 1998 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; 83:3 Pt 2, s. 1331-47 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examined cross-cultural variability in personality and defenses among Nicaraguan and Swedish healthy individuals, patients with borderline personality disorder and schizophrenic disorders by means of the projective perceptual Defense Mechanism Test. The over-all aim was to test the hypothesis proposed by Anthony Marsella of 'severity related cross-cultural variability' suggesting that differences in symptom profile or personality patterns between cultures are most pronounced among healthy individuals and less so among individuals with severe mental disorders as they are perceived as more universal and less culturally determined. The over-all results showed that cross-cultural differences were in accordance with the proposed hypothesis. In addition, there were significant intracultural differences between the different diagnostic groups in both countries. The conclusion is that the Defense Mechanism Test and Partial Least Squares analysis seem to be powerful methods for personality assessment and potentially for cross-cultural research, and culture-specific norms in the Defense Mechanism Test must be employed.
50.	Sundbom, Elisabet, et al. (författare) Possible influence of defenses and negative life events on patients with chronic fatigue syndrome : A pilot study. 2002 Ingår i: Psychological Reports. - 0033-2941 .- 1558-691X. ; :91, s. 963-978 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)

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