| 1. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of an intervention to improve day centre services for people with psychiatric disabilities
- 2014
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 61:4, s. 268-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Day centres for people with psychiatric disabilities need to be evaluated for effectiveness in order to provide the best possible support. This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of a tailor-made intervention to improve day centre services for people with psychiatric disabilities.Methods: The intervention was devised to bridge identified gaps in the services and lasted for 14 months. Eight centres were allotted to the intervention (55 attendees) or comparison condition (51 attendees). Fidelity to the intervention and major events in the day centres were assessed. The outcomes were degree of meaningfulness found in the day centre occupations, satisfaction with the rehabilitation received, satisfaction with everyday occupations and quality of life.Results: The fidelity to the intervention was good, but more positive events, such as new occupational opportunities, had taken place in the comparison units. No differences were identified between the intervention and the comparison group regarding changes from baseline to the 14-month follow-up in perceived meaningfulness among day centre occupations, satisfaction with everyday occupations or quality of life.Conclusions: The intervention seemed ineffective, but the positive events in the comparison group resembled the measures included in the tailor-made interventions. This first intervention study in the day centre context has hopefully helped to generate hypotheses and methods for future research.
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| 2. |
- Gunnarsson, A Birgitta, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of the Tree Theme Method versus regular occupational therapy: A longitudinal follow-up
- 2022
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Depression and anxiety disorders affect individuals' everyday lives, and treatments that can help them to perform everyday occupations are needed. Occupational therapy for this group has been evaluated from a short-term perspective but not from a long-term perspective; further research is thus warranted. The aim of the study was to investigate the longitudinal outcomes of the Tree Theme Method (TTM) compared with care as usual, provided by occupational therapists, in terms of everyday occupations, psychological symptoms, and health-related aspects. Methods This randomised controlled trial comprised a follow-up 3 and 12 months after an intervention. A total of 118 participants (19-64 years) with depression or anxiety disorders and problems with everyday occupations completed the base line questionnaires, 100 completed the follow-up at 3 months, and 84 completed the follow-up at 12 months. Imputations of missing data were performed using the last observation, and parametric analysis was used. Results Both groups showed significant improvements (P value <= 0.01) in everyday occupations, psychological symptoms and health-related aspects after 3 and 12 months. No significant differences were found between the groups. Conclusion This study contributes with knowledge about the outcomes of occupational therapy for clients living with depression and anxiety disorders. Both TTM and care as usual lead to significant improvements over time concerning everyday occupations, psychological symptoms, and health-related aspects. The fact that both occupational therapy methods were associated with improvements for clients with depression and anxiety supports client-centredness in enabling an occupational therapist to choose the method best suited for the individual.
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| 3. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Work outcomes and their predictors in the Redesigning Daily Occupations (ReDO) rehabilitation programme for women with stress-related disorders
- 2013
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - Richmond, AUS : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 60:2, s. 85-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown that the Redesigning Daily Occupations programme reduced the degree of sick leave and increased return to work rates among women on sick leave for stress-related disorders when compared with "care as usual". To further investigate the Redesigning Daily Occupations intervention, this study explored changes in the work situation from baseline to a 12-month follow-up in the Redesigning Daily Occupations group compared with the "care as usual" group and analysed any predictors of change. © 2012 Australian Occupational Therapy Journal.
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| 4. |
- Granbom, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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'Normality in all the abnormality' : Older adults' experiences of holidays and celebrations from the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1440-1630 .- 0045-0766.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The importance of holidays, traditions, and family celebrations to human culture and occupational engagement has been neglected. The aim of this study was to explore how older adults experienced holidays and celebrations with social and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS: A secondary analysis was made on data from the At-Risk Study. Seventeen community-living adults (11 women and 6 men) aged 71-87 years, from Sweden participated. They were interviewed remotely four times during the first year of the pandemic. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. No consumer/community involvement occurred.FINDINGS: Three categories on how the participants hoped for, planned, decided, adapted, avoided, and experienced holidays and celebrations with social and physical distancing included expectations and preparations in unpredictable times; the constant need for re-evaluation; and almost everything turned out differently.CONCLUSIONS: The desire to celebrate despite pandemic restrictions shows the importance and meaning holidays hold for older adults. Celebrations can be disrupted for many reasons, not only as extreme as the ongoing pandemic. For wellbeing in later life health care, social care, and society need to understand the inherent components and acknowledge ways of supporting participation in occasional events such as holidays, traditions, and family celebrations.
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| 5. |
- Gunnarsson, A Birgitta, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Being in a meaningful context. Nature and animal-assisted activities as perceived by adults with autism
- 2024
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionAnimal-assisted and nature-based interventions in psychosocial treatment for various groups of clients have been studied internationally. However, there is little knowledge about how young adults with autism experience participation in such types of interventions. This clinical study aimed to describe the feasibility of animal-assisted and nature-based activities on a farm as a complementary intervention for young adults with autism and social withdrawal.MethodsThe participants were aged 18-30 years, diagnosed with autism and social withdrawal, with no organised occupation during the previous year. Eleven of 13 participants completed a 12-week intervention in small groups. They took part in interviews before and after, which focused on their current life situation and expectations about, and experiences of the intervention. The feasibility was described in terms of participants' characteristics, attendance, and their experiences of participating in the activity. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.Consumer and community involvementThe intervention was formed in collaboration with participating supervisors, ordinary clinical staff, and a young woman with a user perspective.FindingsThe level of feasibility was found to be high. The mean participation rate during the activity days was 75% and varied from 50 to 100%. The analysis of the participants' experiences from the activity generated three categories, "Being in a meaningful context", "Creating a comfort zone" and "Developing structure in everyday life", and each of these included sub-categories.ConclusionThe main categories revealed a dynamic process based in meaningfulness, comfort and structure in everyday life. The positive experiences of undemanding activities, emotional relationships and non-verbal communication with the horses were prominent and might facilitate the development of social interaction. However, the intervention's timeframe of 12 weeks was experienced as too short for long-lasting change.
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| 6. |
- Lund, Kristine, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking a cycle of perceived failure : The process of making changes toward a more balanced lifestyle
- 2019
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 66:5, s. 627-636
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Balancing Everyday Life (BEL) is a new lifestyle intervention for mental health services users, developed to support meaningful engagement in daily activities and a balanced lifestyle. This study aimed at exploring the BEL participants’ process of making lifestyle changes. Methods: This constructivist grounded theory study took place in Sweden from 2013–2017 and explored the processes of 19 BEL participants when making lifestyle changes. Data were collected through 29 interviews. Results: A process of breaking a cycle of perceived failure and making changes toward a more balanced lifestyle was constructed, consisting of five categories: Going at it gently: change is an on-going process; Support for progress, permission to fail; Prioritising and setting boundaries; Adjusting for a sustainable balance; and Caring for a valued self. Each category included a strategy for change as well as a related inner change. Strategies involved learning and trying techniques for making changes toward a more balanced lifestyle, whereas the personal changes often involved a more self-compassionate approach and allowing oneself to utilise these techniques. Conclusion: The results contribute to knowledge in the process of making lifestyle changes, specifically, how strategies for change and inner changes interact and can support personal recovery toward mental health. This knowledge could help to support clients in making personally meaningful changes toward a more balanced lifestyle as well as inform future research in the process of making change.
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-rater reliability of the assessment of learning powered mobility use, version 2.0, when applied with children and adults engaged in Driving to Learn in a powered wheelchair
- 2021
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 68:2, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The Assessment of Learning Powered mobility use (ALP) tool including the ALP instrument and facilitating strategies, was developed for Driving to Learn. This therapeutic intervention aims to provide children and adults who have profound cognitive disabilities with opportunities to learn tool use through powered mobility practise. To allow for longer intervention periods, a partnership was developed between professionals supervising Driving to Learn and persons accompanying children or adults to their practice sessions. Accompanying persons (relatives or assistants) gradually took on shared responsibility for applying the intervention and conducting assessments with the ALP-instrument. The aim of this study was to test the inter-rater reliability of the ALP-instrument version 2.0 as applied in this novel partnership in assessment and intervention. Method: A psychometric analysis compared pair-wise assessments with the ALP-instrument version 2.0, made independently by professional supervisors and accompanying persons following each Driving to Learn session. Weighted kappa statistic was used to compare the matched pair ordinal data. Results: Eight professional supervisors and 22 accompanying persons independently completed assessments with the ALP-instrument after 55 sessions with six children and five adults, who each participated in five Driving to Learn sessions. When the scores from the 55 pairs of assessments were compared, a weighted kappa value of 0.85 was obtained, indicating very good inter-rater reliability between the two rater groups. Conclusion: The resulting inter-rater reliability suggests that it is reliable to implement the ALP-instrument as part of partnership in intervention between supervisors and accompanying persons. Provision of longer periods of Driving to Learn is possible when those who accompany the child or adult are able to gradually assume responsibility for practice and assessment under the supervision of a professional. This partnership approach enables children and adults with multiple and complex disabilities to practise and learn in accordance with their conditions and needs.
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| 8. |
- de Beer, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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Feedback on students’ clinical reasoning skills during fieldwork education
- 2015
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 62:4, s. 255-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Feedback on clinical reasoning skills during fieldwork education is regarded as vital in occupational therapy students’ professional development. The nature of supervisors’ feedback however, could be confirmative and/or corrective and corrective feedback could be with or without suggestions on how to improve. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of supervisors’ feedback on final-year occupational therapy students’ clinical reasoning skills through comparing the nature of feedback with the students’ subsequent clinical reasoning ability. Method: A mixed-method approach with a convergent parallel design was used combining the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data. From focus groups and interviews with students, data were collected and analysed qualitatively to determine how the students experienced the feedback they received from their supervisors. By quantitatively comparing the final practical exam grades with the nature of the feedback, their fieldwork End-of-Term grades and average academic performance it became possible to merge the results for comparison and interpretation. Results: Students’ clinical reasoning skills seem to be improved through corrective feedback if accompanied by suggestions on how to improve, irrespective of their average academic performance. Supervisors were inclined to underrate high performing students and overrate lower performing students. Conclusions: Students who obtained higher grades in the final practical examinations received more corrective feedback with suggestions on how to improve from the supervisors. Confirmative feedback alone may not be sufficient for improving the clinical reasoning skills of students.
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| 9. |
- Kaelin, Vera C., et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of occupational therapy threshold concepts by students in role-emerging placements in schools : A qualitative investigation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 66, s. 711-719
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Traversing threshold concepts has been identified as crucial in becoming an occupational therapist. To support this learning, previous research has emphasised the value of students engaging in practice-based learning, accompanying reflection, and a curriculum which makes threshold concepts explicit to students. Role-emerging placements form part of students’ practice-based learning in many universities and could offer a valuable opportunity for students to learn threshold concepts. Understanding the value of threshold concepts to enhance roleemerging placement learning from both the students’ and educators’ perspectives warrants further research. The aim of this study was to examine how occupational therapy students on role-emerging placements in school settings experienced applying threshold concepts and how it impacted on their learning.Methods: An epistemological position of social constructionism and a qualitative research design was used. This included semi-structured focus group interviews and reflective logs that enabled exploration of 13 student’s and one supervisor’s perspectives of learning during the placement. Template analysis was used to analyse the data.Results: Students spoke of their learning of the threshold concepts of client-centredness, occupation, and understanding and applying occupational therapy theory in practice. These are expressed within the three emergent themes; ‘curriculum supports in placement’, ‘uncertainty when applying their own knowledge’, and ‘placement context and expectations’.Conclusion: Results suggest that learning happens within the liminal spaces which occurred from an intersection with the threshold concepts, the curriculum, knowledge generation and use, and the context and expectations of the role-emerging placement. Engaging with uncertainty may be considered a vital part of this process and something which should be valued.
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| 10. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Satisfaction with Daily Occupations : Construct validity and test-retest reliability of a screening tool for people with mental disorders
- 2007
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 54:1, s. 59-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aim: In occupational therapy research and in clinical practice there is a need for valid, reliable and easily administered measures. For research and screening purposes, the Satisfaction with Daily Occupations (SDO) instrument was developed. It addresses work, leisure, domestic tasks and self-care and generates a satisfaction and an activity level score. This study investigated its construct validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability in 55 clients visiting occupational therapists in outpatient mental health care. Methods: The SDO was administered on two occasions with a 1-week interval, and data on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), psychosocial functioning and self-rated health were collected on the first of these occasions. Results: In contrast to what was expected, the relationships between the SDO scores and the COPM scores were low. The strongest relationship between the SDO satisfaction score and any other variable was to psychosocial functioning. These variables shared 23% of the variance. Internal consistency for the satisfaction score was acceptable, alpha = 0.75 on the second occasion, and the test–retest reliability was good; rs = 0.84 for the satisfaction score and rs = 0.92 for the activity level. Conclusions: The results indicated that the SDO has satisfactory reliability. The instrument targets a specific construct, as compared to the COPM and the measurements of self-rated health and psychosocial functioning. Thus, the SDO and the COPM satisfaction scale seem to assess different phenomena, probably because the SDO has predefined items, not specifically targeting a certain client's problematic occupations, whereas the COPM is based on self-defined problems. The instruments may therefore supplement each other.
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| 11. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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The Tree Theme Method as an intervention in Psychosocial Occupational Therapy : Client acceptability and outcomes
- 2009
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 56:3, s. 167-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: The Tree Theme Method (TTM) is an intervention in which the client paints trees representing certain periods in his/her life. The intervention comprises five sessions, using trees as a starting point to tell one's life story. This study, which is part of an implementation project, aimed to examine the therapeutic alliance and client satisfaction, in relation to perceptions of everyday occupations and health-related factors, with clients going through a TTM intervention. Methods: Nine occupational therapists recruited 35 clients, at general outpatient mental health care units, for the TTM intervention. Self-rating instruments, targeting therapeutic alliance (HAq-II), different aspects of daily occupations (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Satisfaction with Daily Occupations), health-related factors (Sense of Coherence measure, Mastery Scale, Symptom Checklist-90-R) and client satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), were administrated before and after the intervention. Results: A good initial therapeutic alliance, experienced by both therapists and clients, was correlated to increased changes regarding occupational performance and self-mastery. According to the therapists’ ratings, a good initial therapeutic alliance was correlated to increased sense of coherence and a decreased level of psychiatric symptoms. The results showed positive significant changes in occupational performance and health-related factors. High ratings of the therapeutic alliance by the therapists were also related to high client satisfaction. Conclusions: The TTM seemed to function well in psychosocial occupational therapy, but there is a need for further implementation studies to deepen our understanding of the treatment process, comprising both technique and formation of the therapeutic alliance.
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| 12. |
- Håkansson, Carita, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between women's subjective perceptions of daily occupations and lilfe satisfaction, and the role of perceived control
- 2011
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 1440-1630 .- 0045-0766. ; 58:6, s. 397-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background ⁄ aim: More knowledge is needed about the role of perceived control in the associations between different perceptions of daily occupations and positive health outcomes. The aim was to explore the associations between different subjective perceptions of daily occupations, in terms of occupational balance, occupational meaning, occupational value and satisfaction with occupations, and life satisfaction, and the role of perceived control in those associations. Methods: A questionnaire including questions about perceptions of daily occupations, perceived control and life satisfaction were answered by a random sample of 488 middle-aged Swedish women. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test the associations between perceptions of daily occupations and life satisfaction, and the role of perceived control. Results: After adjustments for perceived control women who perceived a high level of satisfaction with work and leisure, occupational balance, occupational meaning and occupational value perceived greater life satisfaction than the other women. Perceived control was not significant in the model. Conclusions: It seems that occupational balance and occupational meaning were pivotal for the women’s life satisfaction, but satisfaction with work and leisure, as well as perceived occupational value, was also of importance. The assumption that perceived control would have a role in the association between perceptions of occupations and life satisfaction was not confirmed. Significance of the study: The results indicate that occupational therapists need to focus on occupational balance, occupational meaning, occupational value and satisfaction with work and leisure to promote positive health outcomes, in terms of life satisfaction, when working with middle-aged female clients.
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| 13. |
- Nilsson, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Driving to Learn in a powered wheelchair: Inter-rater reliability of a tool for assessment of joystick-use.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 1440-1630 .- 0045-0766. ; 58:6, s. 447-454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: People with profound cognitive disabilities are not expected to learn powered mobility use. The Driving to Learn project focussed on what this population could achieve from practising in a joystick-operated powered wheelchair. By means of using grounded theory methodology an eight-phase process 'growing consciousness of joystick-use' was identified. In addition, a tool for assessment of actual phase of joystick-use and facilitating strategies for each phase emerged. The aim of the present study was to evaluate inter-rater reliability of the assessment tool. Methods: The first author (LN) selected 24 video-sequences within the video data collected in the project. Each of the eight phases in the identified process were represented by three video-clips. The video-clips ranged in length between two to five minutes. LN's ratings served as criterion rating against which three independent raters' judgements were compared. The three raters were all occupational therapists, and two were experienced with the Driving to Learn™ method, powered wheelchair provision and the target population; and one was inexperienced. Results: When comparing the three raters' assessments with that of LN (N = 72), the calculation gave a weighted kappa value of 0.85. All raters judged the tool as having a high degree of usability for assessing phases of joystick-use. Minimal differences were found between the experienced and inexperienced raters. Conclusion and significance of the study: The inter-rater reliability of the assessment tool was very good. The findings indicate that the tool is reliable and has clinical usability in occupational therapy practice.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Fields, Sally M., et al.
(författare)
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Revision of the Competency Standards for Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors : An overview of the evidence for the inclusion of cognitive and perceptual assessments within fitness-to-drive evaluations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 64:4, s. 328-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Determination of fitness-to-drive after illness or injury is a complex process typically requiring a comprehensive driving assessment, including off-road and on-road assessment components. The competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors (Victoria, Australia) define the requirements for performance of a comprehensive driving assessment, and we are currently revising these. Assessment of cognitive and perceptual skills forms an important part of the off-road assessment. The aim of this systematic review of systematic reviews (known as an overview) is to identify what evidence exists for including assessment of cognitive and perceptual skills within fitness-to-drive evaluations to inform revision of the competency standards.Methods: Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, OT Seeker) were systematically searched. Systematic review articles were appraised by two authors for eligibility. Methodological quality was independently assessed using the AMSTAR tool. Narrative analysis was conducted to summarise the content of eligible reviews.Results: A total of 1228 results were retrieved. Fourteen reviews met the inclusion criteria. Reviews indicated that the components of cognition and perception most frequently identified as being predictive of fitness-to-drive were executive function (n = 13), processing speed (n = 12), visuospatial skills, attention, memory and mental flexibility (n = 11). Components less indicative were perception, concentration (n = 10), praxis (n = 9), language (n = 7) and neglect (n = 6).Conclusion: This overview of systematic reviews supports the inclusion of assessment of a range of cognitive and perceptual skills as key elements in a comprehensive driver assessment and therefore should be included in the revised competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors.
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| 18. |
- Fields, Sally M., et al.
(författare)
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The revision of competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors in Australia : A mixed methods approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 68:3, s. 257-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Competency standards outline the knowledge, skills, and attributes that are required for competent practice. This study describes the process followed to revise and validate the competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors in order to guide clinical practice in this area of advanced occupational therapy practice.Methods: A mixed methods research approach was used in this study. In phase 1, three focus groups with driver assessors reviewed and suggested revisions to the competency standards for occupational therapy driver assessors. Phase 2 involved content validation with key stakeholders through a focus group with consumers, written feedback from Australian state, and territory driver licensing authorities, and a two-round Delphi process with Australian occupational therapy driver assessors.Results: Forty-nine occupational therapy driver assessors participated in the phase 1 focus groups. Deductive content analysis of the transcripts provided data to revise the competency standards. Inductive analysis provided an in-depth understanding of the participants’ views and was interpreted through six categories and their underlying subcategories: purposes and benefits; jurisdictional variations and practice diversity; language use; defining competent practice; challenging systems and processes; and competency standards content. Forty-eight occupational therapy driver assessors participated in the Delphi process. In Round 1, only 1 of the 164 competency standards and practice behaviours rated did not achieve the pre-determined 70% consensus rate. In Round 2, all statements achieved consensus, with the overall average consensus level obtained across the Round 2 statements at 96.8%.Conclusion: The revised Australian Competency Standards for Occupational Therapy Driver Assessors have been endorsed by Occupational Therapy Australia and released for clinical use. The methods described in this research provide a framework suitable for revision or development of competency standards in both other areas of occupational therapy practice and other health-care professions.
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| 19. |
- Gribble, Nigel, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of time to complete toileting for children with spina bifida
- 2013
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 60:5, s. 343-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aimPrevious research has shown that children with spina bifida use clean intermittent catheterisation for urination, a rather complex procedure that increases the time taken to completion. However, no studies have analysed the factors impacting on the time taken to complete the urination that could inform occupational therapy practice. Therefore, the aim was to identify the variables that predict extended time children with spina bifida take to complete urination.MethodsFifty children, aged 5–18 years old with spina bifida using clean intermittent catheterisation, were observed while toileting and responding to a set of assessments tools, among them the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. A logistic regression was used to identify which variables were independently associated with an extended toileting time.ResultsChildren with spina bifida do take long time to urinate. More than half of this study's participants required more than five minutes completing urination, but not all required extended times. Ambulant, independent girls were more likely to perform toileting in less than six minutes compared with other children with spina bifida. However, age, IQ, maintained focus on the task, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, time processing abilities and self-reported ratings of independence appeared to be of no relevance, to predict extended toileting times.ConclusionTo minimise occupational disruption caused by extended toileting times, occupational therapists should utilise the relevant predictors: gender, independence and ambulation when they prioritise children for relevant interventions.
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| 20. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable enhancement in clients who perceive the Tree Theme Method (R) as a positive intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 60:3, s. 154-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: The Tree Theme Method® is an intervention based on creative activities and occupational storytelling. The Tree Theme Method® implies that the clients draw and paint trees symbolising various periods in their life. The pictures are then used as a starting point to tell their life story to enhance their wellbeing and management of their everyday life. This study aimed to evaluate if changes observed among clients regarding their wellbeing and everyday occupations, between baseline and the end of their term of the Tree Theme Method® therapy, persisted three years after the completion of the intervention.Methods: This study had a quantitative design. Thirty-one former clients were recruited to a follow-up three years after completing the intervention. Self-rating questionnaires were used regarding psychological symptoms, self-mastery, sense of coherence, activity level, occupational performance and satisfaction with occupational performance. Non-parametric methods were used for the data analysis.Results: The findings revealed positive significant changes regarding sense of coherence and occupational performance and satisfaction with occupational performance, measured between the end of the intervention and at the time of the three-year follow-up. Furthermore, the respondents' ratings regarding psychological symptoms, self-mastery, activity level and the extent of satisfaction with performed occupations were found to be stable.Conclusions: The Tree Theme Method® appeared to function well as an intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy, where the aim was that a client would enhance their wellbeing and management of their everyday life. However, there is need for further evaluation to assess the effects of the Tree Theme Method® intervention.
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| 21. |
- Hatfield, Megan, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot of the BOOST-A™ : An online transition planning program for adolescents with autism
- 2017
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 64:6, s. 448-456
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many adolescents with autism face difficulties with the transition from high school into post-school activities. The Better OutcOmes & Successful Transitions for Autism (BOOST-A™) is an online transition planning program which supports adolescents on the autism spectrum to prepare for leaving school. This study describes the development of the BOOST-A™ and aimed to determine the feasibility and viability of the program.Methods: Two pilot studies were conducted. In Pilot A, the BOOST-A™ was trialled by six adolescents on the autism spectrum, their parents, and the professionals who worked with them, to determine its feasibility. In Pilot B, 88 allied health professionals (occupational therapists, speech pathologists, and psychologists) reviewed the BOOST-A™ to determine its viability.Results: Participants rated the BOOST-A™ as a feasible tool for transition planning. The majority of allied health professionals agreed that it was a viable program. Based on participant feedback, the BOOST-A™ was modified to improve usability and feasibility.Conclusion: The BOOST-A™ is a viable and feasible program that has the potential to assist adolescents with autism in preparing for transitioning out of high school. Future research will determine the effectiveness of the BOOST-A™ with adolescents across Australia.
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| 22. |
- Henning, Belindi, et al.
(författare)
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A pilot play-based intervention to improve the social play interactions of children with autism spectrum disorder and their typically developing playmates
- 2016
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 63:4, s. 223-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Occupational therapists play a key role in addressing the social difficulties of children with ASD. However, interventions are often time intensive, without outcomes generalising beyond the clinic setting. To examine the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an intervention to address the social play skills of children with ASD.Methods: Participants in this multiple case study design were five children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), five typically developing playmates and five parents of children with ASD. Two therapists and parents delivered the intervention involving clinic play sessions and home modules. Parents' treatment adherence was recorded. The Test of Playfulness was scored by a blinded rater to examine child outcomes following the intervention. Line graphs were used to examine case data. Percentage of non-overlapping data (PND) was used to calculate the single-case effect size for each child.Results: Parents completed 92.2% of the intervention. Children's case data showed an upwards trend from pre- to post-intervention in four of the five pairs (child with ASD and playmate). However, there was a decrease in scores from post-intervention to the two-month home follow-up for all but one pair. PND indicated the intervention was effective for two children with ASD and three of their playmates, had a questionable effect on three children with ASD and no observable effect on two playmates.Conclusion: The intervention demonstrated preliminary feasibility and effectiveness for improving the social play skills of some children with ASD. Careful consideration is needed to identify which children with ASD and which playmates would be best suited for this intervention approach.
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| 23. |
- Imms, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Participation: Are we there yet...
- 2014
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 61:5, s. 291-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 24. |
- Janeslätt, Gunnel, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Intervention in time-processing ability, daily time management and autonomy in children with intellectual disabilities aged 10-17 years - A cluster randomised trial
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : WILEY. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 66:1, s. 110-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim Difficulties with management of time are frequently observed in children and youth with intellectual disabilities (IDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate a new intervention programme 'My Time' to improve time-processing ability (TPA) in children with IDs aged 10-17 years (n = 61). Methods Cluster randomised and waiting-list control group design was used. Data collection included the Kit for assessment of TPA, the Time-Parent scale and a self-rating of autonomy to assess occupational performance in daily life. The method was implemented over an 8-week period. Effect size (ES) was calculated and an analysis of covariance on the individual level and a two-stage process on the cluster level. Results The estimated mean improvement in the KaTid-Child score from baseline (t1) to t2 was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the waiting-list group, ES Cohen's d = 0.64. Conclusion The results present first evidence of the effectiveness of a new occupational therapy intervention programme ('My Time') to facilitate TPA in children with mild to moderate IDs. Children with IDs aged 10-17 years could improve their TPA at a measurable pace when given intervention. The method could complement interventions using time-assistive devices. Children with IDs should be identified to guide intervention. Further research is necessary to establish whether using the intervention programme can facilitate the development of TPA in younger children.
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| 25. |
- Lidström Holmqvist, Kajsa, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic use of self as defined by Swedish occupational therapists working with clients with cognitive impairment following acquired brain injury : a Delphi study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 60:1, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIM: The concept therapeutic use of self has mainly been described theoretically. Empirical descriptions are few and empirical validation is needed to make the concept more useful for informing practice and explaining what occupational therapists do in the interaction with their clients to facilitate successful outcomes. The aim of this study was to empirically define the aspects that occupational therapists working with clients with cognitive impairments following acquired brain injury find are consistent with the concept of therapeutic use of self.METHOD: Thirteen expert occupational therapists participated. Reactive Delphi technique in three rounds was used where each round built on the results of the previous one. A questionnaire based on current literature was developed for the first round.RESULTS: Twenty of 33 statements reached a consensus level of 75% or more. These statements reflected the therapists' consciousness, self-awareness and use of personal characteristics. The statements also concerned the intentions of therapeutic use of self, including client group-specific intentions such as enhancing self-awareness. The results indicate that the content of the concept may be defined differently depending on the client group.CONCLUSIONS: The empirical descriptions generated from this study may help occupational therapists working with clients with cognitive impairments following acquired brain injury to describe how and with what intention they use themselves therapeutically in the rehabilitation process. In occupational therapy education, the results may be used to highlight how the concept may be understood in practice and to discuss it in relation to different client groups.
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| 26. |
- McAuliffe, Tomomi, et al.
(författare)
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The experiences of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder : Managing family routines and mothers’ health and wellbeing
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 66:1, s. 68-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) use family routines to provide predictability and structure to support occupational engagement of their family members. Mothers assume the major role to orchestrate occupations in constructing family routines, which may impact their health and wellbeing. However, the experiences of mothers in managing family routines and their health and wellbeing have not been the main focus in previous research. Thus, this study explored the experiences of mothers of children with ASD in managing family routines and their perceptions of the impact of family routines on their health and wellbeing.Methods: An interpretive phenomenological approach was used. Twenty mothers of children with ASD, aged between 28 and 56 years, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and each transcript was analysed.Results: Five themes that summarise mothers’ perceptions towards health and wellbeing when managing family routines emerged: (i) Keeping on track keeping healthy; (ii) My life is busy, because I do everything for everyone else; (iii) Keeping on track all the time is tiring or frustrating; (iv) Looking after my family by looking after myself; and (v) I am not perfect and it is OK.Conclusion: This study highlighted the substantial efforts required in constructing family routines that may be at the cost of mothers’ health and wellbeing. However, mothers may be able to cope with everyday demands in managing family routines by changing their perspectives. By integrating ‘me-time’ activities in family routines, mothers may be able to support their own health and wellbeing. Mothers’ values and needs are reflected in family routines; hence, thorough understanding of family routines may be a key to support mothers’ occupational engagement.
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| 27. |
- Moorthy, Shobana Devi, et al.
(författare)
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Mothers' participation in family gatherings and social events with their children with autism spectrum disorder : A scoping review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 70:4, s. 500-513
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Participating in family gatherings can provide enjoyment and quality time together as a family. However, being the primary carers, mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder may experience this phenomenon differently. The purpose of this study is to explore how available literature describes mothers' experiences of participation in family gatherings and social events with their children with autism spectrum disorder.Methods: A scoping review was used to explore available literature and identify studies describing mothers' experiences of family gatherings and social events with their children. A thematic synthesis was performed to analyse and synthesise the findings.Results: A total of 8 articles were included for review. The analysis of the included studies resulted in one central theme-Negative experiences despite strategies-and four analytical themes: Feeling fear, stress, and anxiety; Avoiding family gatherings; Enjoying less and becoming less confident; and Using strategies.Conclusion: These findings indicate that mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder experience difficulties during gatherings even when using strategies, hence limiting their participation.
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| 28. |
- Persson, Ann-Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing time processing ability and daily time management in persons with dementia : Psychometric properties of three instruments
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 70:1, s. 3-17
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Persons with dementia experience time-related problems, but there is a lack of instruments evaluating their time processing ability and daily time management. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the instruments KaTid®-Senior measuring time processing ability, and Time-S© Senior and Time-Proxy© measuring daily time management for persons with dementia.Methods: Persons with dementia (n = 53) and their significant others (n = 49) participated in the study. Rasch analyses were used to evaluate the instruments' rating scale functioning; internal scale validity; person-response validity; unidimensionality; person-separation reliability; and internal consistency. Versions excluding items with poor fit to the Rasch model were also evaluated.Results: Overall, the Rasch analyses showed acceptable psychometric properties. All instruments met the criteria for unidimensionality and the reliability was good. More challenging items should be added in KaTid-Senior for better targeting of persons with mild dementia. Person-response validity issues in Time-S Senior need to be addressed.Conclusion: The instruments can validly and reliably be used to assess time processing ability and daily time management in persons with dementia in clinical research and healthcare settings. In turn, this can contribute to the development of methods to compensate for impaired time processing ability and daily time management. The assessments can also increase the possibility of early detection of impaired time processing ability and daily time management, thereby facilitating adequate timing of interventions and enhanced occupational performance.
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| 29. |
- Sansonetti, Danielle, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers and enablers to aligning rehabilitation goals to patient life roles following acquired brain injury
- 2018
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 65:6, s. 512-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Life roles are integral to occupational therapy practice. Goal setting is a method of establishing priorities to measure outcomes. While acquired brain injury can impact a person's ability to fulfil meaningful life roles, the alignment of goals set in rehabilitation to life roles, is unclear. This study aimed to (i) explore the alignment of goals with life roles for people with an acquired brain injury participating in inpatient rehabilitation; and (ii) identify barriers and enablers to life role discussions within a patient-directed goal setting framework.Method: A mixed-methods study was conducted on an inpatient rehabilitation unit in Victoria, Australia. Quantitative data were obtained from a retrospective file audit of randomly selected medical records. Qualitative data were collected through: a) interviews with patients and their families; and b) A focus group with occupational therapists. Thematic analysis of both audit data and narrative data was undertaken.Results: Thirty files were examined and demonstrated 33% alignment between goals and life roles. Four interviews were completed with patients, with a family member participating in two of these. Themes identified were: readiness, role concept, recovery concept and goal review. Five therapists attended the focus group. Themes identified were: Patient factors, goal review, expectations, role change and environment. Interview and focus group data identified that barriers to life role discussions included: lack of patient and family readiness, patients’ difficulty understanding role concept, focus on impairments and lack of family/ significant others support. Enablers included: having early conversations involving family, regular goal review and use of standardised tools.Conclusion: Goal setting in alignment with life roles is important in acquired brain injury rehabilitation, but may be limited. This process can be enhanced by including patients and their significant others in early goal setting conversations, along with regular goal review across the rehabilitation process.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Townsend, K., et al.
(författare)
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The inter-rater reliability of the Powered Mobility Device Assessment Training Tool
- 2019
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 66:3, s. 393-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:The prescription of powered mobility devices for clients is an important role for occupational therapists. However, the skill of may powered mobility device users to drive their devices remains unknown and clients are provided with only brief education on their use. Few assessments exist to guide mobility device use assessment, and none of these incorporate the training clients need. The aim of this paper was to investigate the inter-rater reliability of a new assessment and training tool called the Powered Mobility Device Assessment Training Tool (PoMoDATT).Method:The PoMoDATT comprises an initial interview and then Part A- cognitive skills, Part B physical and psychosocial skills and Part C driving skills and behaviours. The assessment outcome is a profile of the client's physical, cognitive and psychosocial skills related to powered mobility device use. The driving assessments of 24 powered mobility device users were video-recorded, and four experienced occupational therapists scored the clients on the 26 items of Part C of the PoMoDATT.Results:Following clarification of three items which included re-scoring and data re-analysis, the inter-rater reliability for the PoMoDATT Part C items ranged from ICC (2, 1) 0.641 to 0.938 suggesting moderate to excellent agreement.Conclusions:The PoMoDATT Part C has demonstrated adequate inter-rater reliability to support its use by occupational therapists to assess powered mobility device user's capacities and abilities and to highlight ongoing training needs.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Liedberg, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapists perceptions of gender - A focus group study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 57:5, s. 331-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Women and men are shaped over the courses of their lives by culture, society and human interaction according to the gender system. Cultural influences on individuals social roles and environment are described in occupational therapy literature, but not specifically from a gender perspective. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how a sample of occupational therapists perceives the gender concept. Method: Four focus group interviews with 17 occupational therapists were conducted. The opening question was: How do you reflect on the encounter with a client depending on whether it is a man or a woman? The transcribed interviews were analysed and two main themes emerged: the concept of gender is tacit in occupational therapy and client encounters. Results: The occupational therapists expressed limited theoretical knowledge of gender. Furthermore, the occupational therapists seemed to be doing gender in their encounters with the clients. For example, in their assessment of the client, they focussed their questions on different spheres: with female clients, on the household and family; with male clients, on their paid work. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that occupational therapists were unaware of the possibility that they were doing gender in their encounters with clients. There is a need to increase occupational therapists awareness of their own behaviour of doing gender. Furthermore, there is a need to investigate whether gendered perceptions will shorten or lengthen a rehabilitation period and affect the chosen interventions, and in the end, the outcome for the clients.
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| 34. |
- Björklund, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal study on the transformation of 15 occupational therapist students'paradigms into occupational therapists' paradigms
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 53:2, s. 87-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim: This study describes the transformation of 15 occupational therapist students'paradigms into occupational therapists'paradigms according to Törnebohm's theory of paradigms over a period of 6 years. This research particularly considers the paradigm components world view and field of action view in Törnbohm's sense. Method: Qualitative data were collected using essay questions on three occasions: First week and last semester at the Occupational Therapy Programme at the School of Health Sciences, Jönköping, Sweden, and after 3 years of occupational therapy practice. A content analysis of the collected materials was performed. Conclusion: The transformation of the informants'views could be characterised as comprising three different perspectives: A 'public'view in 1995, a 'theoretical' view in 1998 and an 'experiential/contextual' view in 2001. © 2006 The Authors Journal compilation © 2006 Australian Association of Occupational Therapists.
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| 35. |
- Björklund, Anita
(författare)
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Embryos of Occupational Therapist Paradigms : an exploratory study of Swedish occupational therapy students' perceptions of occupational therapy
- 1999
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 46:1, s. 12-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study has an explorative design with its starting point in Törnebohm´s theory of paradigms. The aim of this study was to identify and describe how newly enrolled occupational therapy students perceived their future profession, especially regarding world view and field of action view. Written data were collected using essay questions. Data analysis/synthesis were accomplished qualitatively. Three themes were identified in the material: Notions of some concepts fundamental to occupational therapy; Notions of the “setting” of occupational therapy reality and Notions of the operational reality of occupational therapy. With their limited personal experience of occupational therapy, the students´ conceptions reflected interested outsiders´ views on the topic, influenced by information available in society and the questions given. They were shown to possess relevant and varied information about occupational therapy, but had difficulties in designating the different phenomena.
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| 36. |
- Björklund, Anita
(författare)
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Occupational therapy students' paradigms : A passage from beholder to practitioner.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 47:3, s. 97-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study has an explorative, comparative design with its starting point in Törnebohm´s theory of paradigms. The aim of the study was to identify and describe how qualified OT students perceived their future profession, especially regarding world view and field of action view, and to compare their conceptions with those of newly enrolled OT students in order to find out the differences and similarities between the two aggregations of paradigms. Data were collected in writing, using essay questions. Data analysis/synthesis was accomplished qualitatively. The comparision between the two groups was carried out through the structure of three themes with appurtenant categories. The qualified occupational therapist students´ notions gave expression to a constant application of a holistic health perspective which in contrast to those of the newly enrolled occupational therapist students resulted in numerous examples of interrelations between themes belonging to different paradigm components. In line with Törnebohm (1987) this is characteristic for paradigms.
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| 37. |
- Hällgren, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of occupational therapy intervention on activities of daily living and awareness of disability in persons with intellectual disabilities
- 2005
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 52:4, s. 350-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an occupational therapy intervention program on activities of daily living (ADL) ability and awareness of disability.Methods: Six persons with intellectual disabilities participated in the study, which was based on a single-case design. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills and Assessment of Awareness of Disability were used as evaluation tools.Results: Activities of daily living performance improved in five of the six participants after implementation of the program, with improvement across both motor and process skills. However, no clear improvement in awareness of disability was found following implementation of the program.Conclusion: It may be concluded from this study that persons with intellectual disabilities can benefit from occupational therapy interventions to improve ADL ability, even in the absence of any change in their awareness of disability.
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| 38. |
- Jonasson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Working in a training garden : experiences of patients with neurological damage
- 2007
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 54:4, s. 266-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients’ experiences of working in a training garden after neurological damage. Methods: The study employs a qualitative method with a phenomenographic approach. Interviews with 14 patients attending outpatient rehabilitation were conducted. The interview consisted of open-ended questions based on an interview guide covering: the activity, the training, its value and the environment. Results: The study revealed that activities in a training garden were experienced as beneficial, productive, voluntary and complicated. Certain conditions are necessary for performance and for drawing benefit from the activities. Conclusions: The results of this study may be of benefit in clinical work and may also apply to other groups of patients. Further research is needed on training gardens to enhance knowledge of suitable activities for different groups of patients to be used in the design of intervention programs.
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| 39. |
- Kottorp, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Activities of daily living in persons with intellectual disability : Strengths and limitations in specific motor and process skills
- 2003
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 50:4, s. 195-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As there is a wide range of abilities among clients with intellectual disability, occupational therapists should use assessments of activities of daily living that specify clients’ strengths and limitations to guide and target interventions. The aim of the present study was to examine if activities of daily living performance skills differ between adults with mild and moderate intellectual disability. Three hundred and forty-eight participants with either mild intellectual disability (n = 178) or moderate intellectual disability (n = 170) were assessed using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills to examine the quality of their activities of daily living skills. The overall activities of daily living motor and activities of daily living process hierarchies of skill item difficulties remained stable between groups. Although participants with moderate intellectual disability had more difficulty overall with activities of daily living motor and activities of daily living process skills, they were able to carry out some of these activities equally as well as participants with mild intellectual disability. The findings are discussed in relation to the planning of specific interventions to improve the ability of clients with intellectual disability to carry out activities of daily living.
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| 40. |
- Norberg, Eva-Britt, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of fatigue on everyday life among older people with chronic heart failure
- 2010
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 57:1, s. 34-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fatigue had a negative impact on ADL mainly from physical rather than from mental causes. Improved energy conservation strategies to reduce the consequences of fatigue are needed.
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| 41. |
- Sjödin, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Do vehicle grants and vehicle adaptations grants promote transport mobility and community access for children with disabilities in Sweden?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 59:1, s. 10-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: A vast majority of the journeys made by children with disabilities in Sweden are in the family car, which usually is bought and adapted for the child with governmental subsidies. Despite the important philosophical views about accessible vehicles, little is known about the impact of vehicle adaptations on families lives. The aim of the study was to investigate parent views about the impact of vehicle grants and vehicle adaptation grants on their childrens transport mobility and community access. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods: In total, 434 parents of children with disabilities in Sweden who had received vehicle grants and/or vehicle adaptation grants between 1998-2007 responded to a questionnaire comprising questions with both preselected and open-ended answers. A non-responder analysis was performed. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults: Children with disabilities were found to increase their transport mobility and community access in society as vehicle grants and / or vehicle adaptation grants were given to their parents. Their travel patterns and their travel priorities with their family car indicated that family friends and relatives and leisure activities were frequently visited and prioritised destinations. The grants were linked to access to social and family activities, provided environmental gains and led to increased experienced security. The results also showed that the potential to make spontaneous trips had increased substantially and that families experienced feelings of freedom and enhanced community access. The non-responder analysis confirmed these results. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions: According to parents, vehicle grants and vehicle adaptation grants for children with disabilities have a positive impact on the childrens transport mobility and community access.
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| 42. |
- Unsworth, Carolyn A., et al.
(författare)
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Development of a standardised Occupational Therapy - Driver Off-Road Assessment Battery to assess older and/or functionally impaired drivers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 59:1, s. 23-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Research has been conducted over several years to develop a new off-road assessment battery referred to as the Occupational Therapy - Driver Off-Road Assessment Battery. This article documents the development of the Battery, and provides preliminary research evidence to support its content and predictive validity. Methods: Literature reviews and a focus group with nine driver assessor occupational therapists were undertaken, as well as data collection using the Occupational Therapy Driver Off-Road Assessment Battery with 246 clients. A Classification and Regression Tree model was constructed to ascertain the predictive validity of the Battery, with fitness- to-drive as the outcome. Results: Twenty-one physical, 13 sensory and seven assessments of cognition / perception were identified as being reflective of the skills required for driving. Following rating of their psychometric properties, the best assessments were presented to focus group members. The driver assessors supported the inclusion of several assessments and encouraged the development of new assessments. A draft version of the Occupational Therapy -Driver Off-Road Assessment Battery was tested and found to have excellent predictive validity for client on-road performance of 82.6%. The Classification and Regression Tree model showed that client performance on tests included in the Battery should be used together, rather than in isolation, to support fitness-to-drive recommendations. Conclusion: This research identified the most suitable physical, sensory and cognitive assessments to include in the Occupational Therapy -Driver Off-Road Assessment Battery, and provided support for its validity. The development of this standardised battery assists driver assessors to accurately and consistently assess and report the offroad driving capacity of clients.
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| 43. |
- Wressle, Ewa, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Living with Parkinson´s disease : Elderly patients´ and relatives´ perspective on daily living
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - Richmond, Australia : Wiley. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 54, s. 131-139
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/aim: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in significant disability. We examined how Parkinson's disease affects daily living from the perspective of both patients and relatives. Methods: Qualitative interviews were performed with seven patients with Parkinson's disease and nine relatives from families other than those of the interviewed patients. Patients and relatives were recruited from an outpatient geriatric unit at a university hospital in Sweden. The interviews were transcribed and analysed qualitatively. Results: A conceptual framework encompassing aggravating factors, consequences in daily living and facilitating factors is presented. Patients perceived activity restrictions, changed habits, decreased socialisation and anxiety. Relatives reported changed roles and habits, decreased socialisation, strain and anxiety about the future. Facilitating factors included accessibility, strategies and psychological support for both patients and relatives. Conclusions: The results show that Parkinson's disease affects daily living not only for patients but also for relatives. They need to be seen, heard and supported in this burden. Services must be adapted to the needs of both patients and relatives with accessibility to health-care facilities with deep knowledge about the disease and its consequences. The identified factors are areas of concern in occupational therapy.
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| 44. |
- Zingmark, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Meeting the needs of elderly with bathing disability
- 2011
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 58:3, s. 164-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Difficulties with bathing are frequent among older people and are associated with an increasing need for societal support. As loss of independence has a negative impact on health and wellbeing, it is important to study interventions that can provide the required support for people to be able to remain independent. Occupational therapy interventions can improve clients' abilities enabling them to bathe themselves, thus reducing the need for other, more long-term societal support from, e.g. a home help. In this study, two groups of elderly people with difficulties in bathing were compared; the clients in the intervention group were engaged in occupational therapy.METHODS: A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group design was used, in which participants with reported difficulties in bathing were recruited consecutively from two municipalities. The clients in the intervention group routinely received occupational therapy, whereas clients in the control group received assistance from a home help for bathing. Activities of daily living, quality of life and home-help allocation were assessed at the baseline and after 15 weeks.RESULTS: Clients in the intervention group received less than three home visits on average, with majority of interventions consisting of graded activity and the use of an encouraging approach. Seventy per cent of the interventions were adaptive. Activities of daily living and quality of life of both groups improved, but the differences of being allocated a home help were significant.CONCLUSION: Occupational therapy interventions seem beneficial in terms of supporting older people in becoming independent of home help in bathing but the results must be interpreted with caution as there were differences at baseline between the groups.
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| 45. |
- Björklund, Anita, et al.
(författare)
-
A Longitudinal Study on the Transformation of Fifteen Occupational Therapist Students' Paradigms into Occupational Therapists' Paradigms.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - 0045-0766 .- 1440-1630. ; 53:2, s. 87-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes the transformation of 15 occupational therapist students’ paradigms into occupational therapists’ paradigms according to Törnebohm’s theory of paradigms, over a period of six years. This research particularly considers the paradigm components world view and field of action view in Törnbohm’s sense. Qualitative data were collected using essay-questions on three occasions: first week, and last semester, at the Occupational Therapy Programme at the School of Health Sciences, Jönköping, Sweden, and after three years of occupational therapy practice. A content-analysis of the collected materials was performed and the transformation of the informants’ views could be characterized as comprising three different perspectives: a ‘public’ view in 1995, a ‘theoretical’ view in 1998 and an ‘experiential/contextual’ view in 2001.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Ortiz-Rubio, Araceli, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational balance and stroke impact among community-dwelling stroke survivors 65 years or older: a cross-sectional study
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - 1440-1630.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionOccupational balance has been investigated in different populations but less in stroke survivors. Previous studies have focussed on occupational balance among stroke survivors of working age (15–64 years of age), showing they did not perceive they had occupational balance. There is, therefore, a lack of knowledge of how older stroke survivors perceive their occupational balance. The aims of this study were to describe occupational balance in community-dwelling stroke survivors 65 years or older and to investigate if there were any associations between their perceived stroke impact and occupational balance.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed with 58 stroke survivors, with a median age of 75 years at stroke onset and a median time since stroke onset of 11 months. The participants were recruited from a local stroke register and answered questionnaires on occupational balance and stroke impact. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, correlations and logistic regression.ResultsThe participants had a median score of 29 (min 12 to max 33), indicating a very high occupational balance, a low stroke impact, and a good recovery (median 82.5; min 0 to max 100). An association between participation and occupational balance (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.04–1.23) was found.ConclusionThe stroke survivors perceived a low stroke impact and a high occupational balance. It is possible that older community-dwelling stroke survivors, of whom many have retired, juggle less occupations leaving them with more time to engage in those occupations they want to, leading to a better occupational balance.
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- Mackenzie, Lynette, et al.
(författare)
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An international study of diversity in occupational therapy research– A bibliographic review of English research literature
- 2024
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Ingår i: Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. - 0045-0766. ; 71:2, s. 302-312
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The cornerstone of a strong profession is the research that supports its knowledge base and practice. However, little is known about the range of international occupational therapy research. Objective: To explore the range and diversity of the international occupational therapy research from published peer reviewed literature in English during the year 2018. Methodology: Limited to 2018, a review was conducted of sources from i) health-related search engines using search terms associated with occupational therapy practice, and ii) content pages of occupational therapy publications. Articles were excluded if they i) had no occupational therapy author, ii) were not peer reviewed, iii) not in English, and iv) did not include primary data collection (e.g., opinion pieces, position statements, study protocols). Of articles selected for analysis, data were extracted and synthesized according to the study's origin country, publishing research journal, the characteristics of the represented research, and its alignment with World Federation of Occupational Therapists research priorities. Results: A total of 4,169 articles were retrieved from the search (i.e., 3,459 from health-related search engines and 710 through a manual search of occupational therapy journals). After exclusions, 2,345 articles were included for analysis. Conclusion: The review identified English published research was predominantly conducted in economically privileged countries. In addition, it revealed several research priorities that need further development such as evaluating the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions.
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