SwePub - sökning: L773:0048 7333

Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Carlsson, B., et al. (författare) Innovation Systems: Analytical and Methodological Issues 2002 Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333. ; 31:2, s. 233-245 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
2.	Engwall, Mats, 1961- (författare) No Project is an island : Linking Projects to History and Context 2003 Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 5:32, s. 789-808 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
3.	Kolodny, Harvey, et al. (författare) Design and policy choices for technology extension organizations 2001 Ingår i: Research policy. - : Elsevier B.V. - 1873-7625 .- 0048-7333. ; 30:2, s. 201-225 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Governments, anxious to assist the SMEs in their countries to survive and grow, face not only policy choices about how to assist with technology, financial resources and business direction, but also the complex issues of how to design organizations that can deliver these policies effectively. This study is a comparative analysis of how “technology extension” (TE) organizations are designed to support SMEs in seven countries. The study focuses on the design requirements for such organizations and on the design choices that have been used to satisfy the design requirements, given different policy frameworks. Prescriptive advice on the design of TE organizations is offered to both policy makers and managers of such organizations.
4.	Löfsten, Hans, et al. (författare) Science Parks and the growth of new technology-based firms : academic-industry links, innovation and markets 2002 Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 31:6, s. 859-876 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The analysis distinguishes between firms (273 firms) on and off Science Parks in Sweden (1996-1998), in an effort to identify any element of added value which the park provides for new technology-based firms (NTBFs). The study showed some differences between the experience of firms on- and off-park in respect to innovation and marketing issues. Firms located in Science Parks were significantly more likely to have a link with a local university than off-park firms. Performance is examined under three headings: employment growth, sales growth and profitability. Initiatives to promote NTBFs on Science Parks, will yield a higher rate of job creation than policies to help NTBFs in general.
5.	McKelvey, Maureen, et al. (författare) Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector? 2003 Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 32:3, s. 483-501 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article addresses the validity of assumptions about the importance of co-locality for innovation, by analyzing whether or not co-location matters for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector, or biotech-pharma sector. The population of Swedish biotech-pharma firms has been defined, based on the three criteria of geographical location, their engagement in active knowledge development, and their specialized knowledge/product focus. The firms' patterns of regional, national and international collaboration with other firms and with universities is analyzed, as well as the differing collaborative patterns of small versus large firm. In addressing the theoretical questions about the relative importance of co-location for innovation, the article also provides an empirical overview of the Swedish biotech-pharma sector, especially trends over time. This paper thus contributes to the literature by expanding our empirical knowledge about one European biotech-pharma sectoral system, e.g. Sweden, as well as addressing the theoretical question about the relative importance of co-location for formal knowledge collaboration.
6.	Prencipe, Andrea, et al. (författare) Inter-project learning : Processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms 2001 Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 30:9, s. 1373-1394 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, we argue that the literature on knowledge codification has been overly concerned with the economic properties of its outcomes, neglecting the importance of its underlying learning processes. Following Zollo and Winter [Organisation Science, 2001, in press], the paper distinguishes three learning processes: experience accumulation, knowledge articulation and knowledge codification and suggests a framework to analyse the learning abilities of project-based firms. We propose that mechanisms for inter-project learning draw upon these learning processes and can be found at various levels of the project-based firm. Using empirical evidence from six case studies, we discern three empirical patterns, that we defined learning landscapes, of such mechanisms. Implications for the literature and practice of knowledge codification are discussed. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
7.	Adler, Niclas, et al. (författare) The challenge of managing boundary-spanning research activities : Experiences from the Swedish context 2009 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 38:7, s. 1136-1149 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
8.	Adler, N, et al. (författare) The Challenge of Managing Boundary-Spanning Research Activities: Experiences from the Swedish Context: The challenge of managing boundary spanning research 2009 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 38:7, s. 1136-1149 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Contemporary and future challenges when managing research involve coping with emerging prerequisites which include, among other things, a new knowledge production discourse, new research funding methods and new ways for international collaboration. Managers for boundary-spanning research activities need to combine the sometimes opposing logics and perspectives of the multiple stakeholders-the individual researchers searching for independence, sustainability and freedom and others searching for integration, relevance and predictability. Based on a collaborative research set-up including interviews, discussions and workshops with major Swedish research funding agencies, research program managers, experienced industry partners and key stakeholders, the paper identifies six main managerial challenges: (i) lack of focus on research management and unsatisfying prerequisites, (ii) weak identity and low status of the role of the research managers, (iii) few incentives for research management, (iv) lack of leadership development opportunities for researchers, (v) multiple (and sometimes contradictory) expectations from different stakeholders, and (vi) sustained funding. Finally, the managerial implications of these challenges for universities and funding agencies are discussed.
9.	Andersson, Martin, et al. (författare) Acquisitions of start-ups by incumbent businesses A market selection process of "high-quality" entrants? 2016 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 45:1, s. 272-290 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We analyze the frequency and nature by which new firms are acquired by established businesses. Acquisitions are often considered to reflect a technology transfer process and to also constitute one way in which a "symbiosis" between new technology-based firms (NTBFs) and established businesses is realized. Using a micro-level dataset for Sweden in which we follow new entrants up to 18 years after entry, we show that acquisitions of recent start-ups are rare and restricted to a small group of entrants with defining characteristics. Estimates from competing risks models show that acquired start-ups, in particular by multinational enterprises (MNEs), stand out from entrants that either remain independent or exit by being much more likely to be spin-offs operating in high-tech sectors, having strong technological competence, and having weak internal financial resources. Our overall findings support the argument that acquisitions primarily concern NTBFs in market contexts where entry costs are large, access to finance is important and incumbents have valuable complementary capabilities and resources. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
10.	Andersson, Martin, et al. (författare) R&D strategies and Entrepreneurial Spawning 2012 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 41:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper analyzes how different R&D strategies of incumbent firms affect the quantity and quality of their entrepreneurial spawning. By examining entrepreneurial ventures of ex-employees of firms with different R&D strategies three things emerge: First, firms with persistent R&D investments with a general superiority in sales, exports, productivity, profitability and wages are less likely to generate entrepreneurs than firm with temporary or no R&D investments. Second, start-ups from knowledge intensive business service (KIBS) firms with persistent R&D investments have a significantly increased probability of survival. No corresponding association between the R&D strategies of incumbents and survival of entrepreneurial spawns is found for incumbents in manufacturing sectors. Third, spin-outs from KIBS-firms are more likely to survive if they start in the same firm, indicating the importance of inherited related knowledge. The findings suggest that R&D intensive firms spur fewer entrepreneurs, but their entrepreneurial spawns tend to be of higher quality.
11.	Andersson, Martin, et al. (författare) The economic microgeography of diversity and specialization externalities – firm-level evidence from Swedish cities 2019 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 48:6, s. 1385-1398 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We employ finely geo-coded firm-level panel data to assess the long-standing question whether agglomeration economies derive from specialization (within-industry), diversity (between-industry) or overall density. Rather than treating the city as a single unit, we focus our analysis on how the inner industry structures of cities influence firm-level productivity. Our results illustrate the co-existence of several externalities that differ in their spatial distribution and attenuation within cities. First, we find robust positive effects of neighborhood-level specialization on TFP as well as a small effect of diversity at the same fine spatial level. These effects are highly localized and dissipate beyond the immediate within-city neighborhood level. Second, we also find that firms benefit from the overall density of the wider city. The results emphasize the relevance of “opening up” cities to study the workings of their inner organization and support the idea that location in a within-city industry cluster in a diversified and dense city boosts productivity.
12.	Asheim, Björn, et al. (författare) Knowledge bases and Regional Innovation Systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters. 2005 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 34:8, s. 1173-1190 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The analysis of the importance of different types of regional innovation systems must take place within a context of the actual knowledge base of various industries in the economy, as the innovation processes of firms are strongly shaped by their specific knowledge base. In this paper, we shall distinguish between two types of knowledge base: analytical and synthetic. These types indicate different mixes of tacit and codified knowledge, codification possibilities and limits, qualifications and skills, required organisations and institutions involved, as well as specific competitive challenges from a globalising economy, which have different implications for different sectors of industry, and, thus, for the kind of innovation support needed. The traditional constellation of industrial clusters surrounded by innovation supporting organisations, constituting a regional innovation system, is nearly always to be found in contexts of industries with a synthetic knowledge base (e.g. engineering-based industries), while the existence of regional innovation systems as an integral part of a cluster will normally be the case of industries-based on an analytical knowledge base (e.g. science-based industries, such as IT and bio-tech). In the discussion of different types of regional innovation systems five empirical illustrations from a Nordic comparative project on SMEs and regional innovation systems will be used: the furniture industry in Salling, Denmark; the wireless communication industry in North Jutland, Denmark; the functional food industry in Scania, Sweden; the food industry in Rogaland, Norway and the electronics industry in Horten, Norway. We argue that in terms of innovation policy the regional level often provides a grounded approach embedded in networks of actors acknowledging the importance of the knowledge base of an industry.
13.	Azagra-Caro, J. M., et al. (författare) Dynamic interactions between university-industry knowledge transfer channels: A case study of the most highly cited academic patent 2017 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 46:2, s. 463-474 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper examines the succession of formal and informal channels of university-industry knowledge transfer, and the local economic impact of their dynamic interaction. To do so, we investigate a highly cited university patent over an extended period of time through a case study methodology. Our work provides three fundamental insights. First, local economic impact can be achieved only after a complex, temporally unfolding sequence of interactions between formal and informal channels of knowledge transfer. Second, in the course of this dynamic interaction, knowledge generated during formal transfer activities may be transferred via informal channels. Third, the method developed can provide information on the variety of knowledge transfer channels related to highly cited patents. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
14.	Baum, Christopher F., et al. (författare) Innovation by start-up firms : The role of the board of directors for knowledge spillovers 2022 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 51:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper investigates whether board directors interlocked with or employed by innovative firms affect startup firms' propensity to be innovators themselves. Drawing upon a sample of more than 50,000 Swedish start-up firms, we find that board connections to incumbent innovators have a causal impact on the new firms' probability to apply for patents. The results are robust when controlling for industry, geography, firm age, as well as spillovers through worker and managerial mobility, external knowledge sourcing through patent disclosure, access to venture capital and board attributes.
15.	Benner, Mats, et al. (författare) Institutionalizing the triple helix : Research funding and norms in the academic system 2000 Ingår i: Research Policy. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 29:2, s. 291-301 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract What are the institutional mechanisms that enable or hinder the development of new forms of knowledge production? This issue has been slightly neglected in the discussion of the "triple helix". To redress this shortcoming, the authors suggest an institutionalist complement to the triple helix model. The article analyzes the institutional regulation of academic research, with a special emphasis on how norms in the academic system are constituted via research funding. It is argued that funding is a key mechanism of change in the norm system since its reward structure influences the performance and evaluation of research. The empirical analysis is based on the public financing of technical research in Sweden, with comparisons made with other countries. The structure of research funding has been reformed in all the countries studied. In addition to continuing recognition for scientific merit, the reforms have had the effect of emphasizing the commercial potential and the societal relevance of the research supported. The two dominant models of research funding, an intra-academic model and a top-down interventionist model, seem to be replaced partly with a catalytic one. However, there are counteracting tendencies. Some agencies still reproduce a model of reputational control and a collegial orientation among researchers. It is concluded, therefore, that the forces of change and continuity are engaged in a process of negotiation about the normative regulation of academic research.
16.	Bergek, Anna, et al. (författare) Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems : A scheme of analysis 2008 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 37:3, s. 407-429 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Various researchers and policy analysts have made empirical studies of innovation systems in order to understand their current structure and trace their dynamics. However, policy makers often experience difficulties in extracting practical guidelines from studies of this kind. In this paper, we operationalize our previous work on a functional approach to analyzing innovation system dynamics into a practical scheme of analysis for policy makers. The scheme is based on previous literature and our own experience in developing and applying functional thinking. It can be used by policy makers not only to identify the key policy issues but also to set policy goals. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
17.	Bergek, Anna, 1973-, et al. (författare) Are patents with multiple inventors from different countries a good indicator of international R&D collaboration? The case of ABB 2010 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 39, s. 1321-1334 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Based on the critical case of ABB, this paper questions the relevance of using patents with multiple inventors from different countries (“cross-country patents”) as an indicator of international R&D collaboration. The study shows that less than half of ABB’s cross-country patents are the result of international R&D collaboration as described by one of the more inclusive definitions found in previous literature. Only a third of the patents are the result of joint R&D activities between different MNC subsidiaries or firms. We also discuss the implications of our study for the assignment of patents to countries based on inventor addresses.
18.	Bergek, Anna, 1973-, et al. (författare) Technological discontinuities and the challenge for incumbent firms : Destruction, disruption or creative accumulation? 2013 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 42:6-7, s. 1210-1224 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The creative destruction of existing industries as a consequence of discontinuous technological change is a central theme in the literature on industrial innovation and technological development. Established competence-based and market-based explanations of this phenomenon argue that incumbents are seriously challenged only by ‘competence-destroying’ or ‘disruptive’ innovations, which make their existing knowledge base or business models obsolete and leave them vulnerable to attacks from new entrants. This paper challenges these arguments. With detailed empirical analyses of the automotive and gas turbine industries, we demonstrate that these explanations overestimate the ability of new entrants to destroy and disrupt established industries and underestimate the capacity of incumbents to perceive the potential of new technologies and integrate them with existing capabilities. Moreover, we show how intense competition in the wake of technological discontinuities, driven entirely by incumbents, may instead result in late industry shakeouts. We develop and extend the notion of ‘creative accumulation’ as a way of conceptualizing the innovating capacity of the incumbents that appear to master such turbulence. Specifically, we argue that creative accumulation requires firms to handle a triple challenge of simultaneously (a) fine-tuning and evolving existing technologies at a rapid pace, (b) acquiring and developing new technologies and resources and (c) integrating novel and existing knowledge into superior products and solutions.
19.	Bergek, Anna, 1973-, et al. (författare) Technological Internationalisation in the Electro-Technical Industry : A Cross-company comparison of patenting patterns 1986-2000. 2005 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 33:9, s. 1285-1306 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper addresses the issue of R&D internationalisation of two multinationals in the electro-technical industry (GE and ABB), by means of a patent data analysis. The overwhelming majority of both companies R&D activities are concentrated in Western Europé and North America. The locational overlap between the two firms' activities is small. These results are consistent with findings from earlier studies that (1) there is little evidence to suggest that the 'production' of technology is globalised in a general sense and (2)that tapping knowledge from an industry's global lead location plays a very limited role in foreign R&D investments.
20.	Berggren, Christian, et al. (författare) Scientific misconduct at an elite medical institute: The role of competing institutional logics and fragmented control 2019 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 48:2, s. 428-443 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The incidence of revealed fraud and dishonesty in academia is on the rise, and so is the number of studies seeking to explain scientific misconduct. This paper builds on the concepts of competing logics and institutional fields to analyze a serious case of medical and scientific misconduct at a leading research institute, Karolinska in Sweden, home to the Nobel Prize in Medicine.By distinguishing between a market-oriented, a medical and an academic logic, the study analyzes how various actors − executives, research leaders, co-authors, journal editors, medical doctors, science bloggers, investigative journalists and documentary filmmakers − sustained or tried to expose the misconduct. Despite repeated warnings from patient-responsible doctors and external academic reviewers, Karolinska protected the surgeon, Paolo Macchiarini, until a documentary film at the Swedish national public TV exposed the fraud which led to public inquiries and proposals for a new national ethics legislation.The analysis illustrates the power of a market-oriented logic focused on brand and image at the research institute and at a leading journal, but also the perseverance of the logics of scientific scrutiny and medical care among practicing doctors and independent academics although the carriers of these logics were less well organized than the carriers of the market-oriented logic. Furthermore, the analysis shows the problem of fragmented control in the academic institutional field. The discussion of remedies compares the Karolinska case, where media actors were instrumental in sanctioning the perpetrators, with a similar instance of medical misconduct at Duke in the US where the government agency (ORI) intervened and shows the limitations of both types of actors. The conclusion highlights the importance of studying misconduct management and institution-building in different fields to develop effective remedies.
21.	Berggren, Christian, et al. (författare) Transition pathways revisited: Established firms as multi-level actors in the heavy vehicle industry 2015 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 44:5, s. 1017-1028 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The multi-level perspective on sustainability transitions positions established firms (incumbents) as defenders of existing technologies at the "regime level." By contrast, it positions new entrants at the niche level, as promoters of new technologies. This paper challenges the positioning of firms as actors on either regime or niche levels. Based on a comparative analysis of technology strategies in the heavy vehicle industry, the paper shows that established firms are active at both levels, developing several technology alternatives simultaneously. This means that incumbents technology strategies determine important parts of the required niche regime interactions. The paper also shows how incumbents may pursue contrasting technology strategies. While some adopt a dualistic approach, keeping regime and niche level activities technologically and commercially separate, others develop integrated strategies where niche activities are leveraged to impact upon the regime level. The cases studied illustrate how the success of such integrated strategies depends on the emergence of bridging policies. Bridging policies are relevant both for linking early niche markets to broader regime-level markets, and for supporting further technological advancements of niche markets. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
22.	Bettencourt, Luis M. A., et al. (författare) Invention in the city : Increasing returns to patenting as a scaling function of metropolitan size 2007 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 36:1, s. 107-120 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigate the relationship between patenting activity and the population size of metropolitan areas in the United States over the last two decades (1980-2001). We find a clear superlinear effect, whereby new patents are granted disproportionately in larger urban centers, thus showing increasing returns in inventing activity with respect to population size. We characterize this relation quantitatively as a power law with an exponent larger than unity. This phenomenon is commensurate with the presence of larger numbers of inventors in larger metropolitan areas, which we find follows a quantitatively similar superlinear relationship to population, while the productivity of individual inventors stays essentially constant across metropolitan areas. We also find that structural measures of the patent co-authorship network although weakly correlated to increasing rates of patenting, are not enough to explain them. Finally, we show that R&D establishments and employment in other creative professions also follow superlinear scaling relations to metropolitan population size, albeit possibly with different exponents.
23.	Bianchi, Mattia, et al. (författare) R&D Subsidies as Dual Signals in Technological Collaborations 2019 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333. ; 48:9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We investigate the influence of public R&D subsidies on a firm's likelihood to form technological collaborations. Using signaling theory, we conceptualize the award of a subsidy as a pointing signal (i.e., indicating a quality attribute that distinguishes the signaler from its competitors), and the monetary amount raised through a subsidy as an activating signal (i.e., activating the quality attribute of the signaler). Drawing on the attention-based view, we investigate whether the relative salience of these signals varies between two types of signal receivers: academic and corporate partners. Using a panel sample of Spanish manufacturing firms, our results indicate that the two types of receivers attend to the two signals differently: while academic partners attend to pointing signals only (sent by the award of a selective subsidy), corporate partners react to the richer information that activating signals provide (sent by the monetary value of both selective and automatic subsidies). Our results are stronger for SMEs vis-à-vis large firms, and hold after controlling for endogeneity, selection bias, simultaneity, attrition, inter-temporal patterns in technological collaborations, and the substantive effects of subsidies. The theorized and tested dual nature of subsidy-enabled signals and their different salience to distinct partner types hold interesting implications for research on alliances, innovation policy, and signals.
24.	Binz, Christian, et al. (författare) Global Innovation Systems—A conceptual framework for innovation dynamics in transnational contexts 2017 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 46:7, s. 1284-1298 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper proposes a framework for the analysis of technological innovation processes in transnational contexts. By drawing on existing innovation system concepts and recent elaborations on the globalization of innovation, we develop a multi-scalar conceptualization of innovation systems. Two key mechanisms are introduced and elaborated: the generation of resources in multi-locational subsystems and the establishment of structural couplings among them in a global innovation system (GIS). Based on this conceptualization, we introduce a typology of four generic GIS configurations, building on the innovation mode and valuation system in different industry types. The analytical framework is illustrated with insights from four emerging clean-tech industries. We state that a comprehensive GIS perspective is instrumental for developing a more explanatory stance in the innovation system literature and developing policy interventions that reflect the increasing spatial complexity in the innovation process.
25.	Binz, Christian, et al. (författare) Why space matters in technological innovation systems-Mapping global knowledge dynamics of membrane bioreactor technology 2014 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 43:1, s. 138-155 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Studies on technological innovation systems (TISs) often set spatial boundaries at the national level and treat supranational levels as a geographically undifferentiated and freely accessible global technological opportunity set. This article criticizes this conceptualization and proposes instead to analyze relevant actors, networks and processes in TIS from a relational perspective on space. It develops an analytical framework which allows investigating innovation processes (or 'functions') of a TIS at and across different spatial scales. Based on social network analysis of a co-publication dataset from membrane bioreactor technology, we illustrate how the spatial characteristics of collaborations in knowledge creation vary greatly over relatively short periods of time. This finding suggests that TIS studies should be more reflexive on system boundary setting both regarding the identification and analysis of core processes as well as in the formulation of policy advice. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
26.	Björkdahl, Joakim, 1975 (författare) Technology cross-fertilization and the business model: The case of integrating ICTs in mechanical engineering products. 2009 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 38:9, s. 1468-1477. Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper investigates the increasing interdependency among different bodies of knowledge in products, from the technology opportunities arising from 'cross-fertilizing', and how firms try to appropriate economic value from their technical potential. The study is based on three multi-national corporations, and their integration of information and communication technologies into established mechanical engineering products. The case studies show how technology cross-fertilization needs to be accompanied by business model changes in order to achieve increased economic value. While much attention has been given to the input dimension of multi-technology products, the economic and commercial domains have been rather ignored in previous literature. This work contributes to the management literature by linking the input resources with the market output for creating and appropriating value from technology cross-fertilization.
27.	Blomkvist, Katarina, et al. (författare) Superstar inventors - Towards a people-centric perspective on the geography of technological renewal in the multinational corporation 2014 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 43:4, s. 669-682 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper develops a people-centric perspective on the geographical dispersion of technological renewal in the multinational corporation (MNC). We contend that a large proportion of all foreign technological advancements can be attributed to a handful of individual inventors, suggesting a blockbuster effect of subsidiary technological development. This suggests that analyses carried out at the subsidiary or firm level disguise significant yet largely unexplored variation in the technological contributions made by individual members of these foreign units. To support this proposition, the paper draws upon an original data set that comprises all of the advanced foreign subsidiaries of 21 Swedish MNCs between 1893 and 2008, and follows their patenting activity in order to document the distribution of inventive activity, both across and within individual subsidiaries. The findings at the subsidiary level show that the distribution of technological activity and contribution to the overall multinational group is significantly skewed; the paper then empirically explores the assumption that a similar distribution also applies at the level of individual inventors. The results point to a pattern whereby most inventors make only occasional and limited technological contributions and, instead, more significant numbers of new technological discoveries are attributable to a select group of exceptionally inventive individuals. In the light of the results, we suggest the fruitfulness of applying a people-centric perspective on the sources of sustained competitive advantage of the MNC, the management of geographically dispersed capabilities in the multinational network, and the geographical sources of technological renewal in the MNC.
28.	Boschma, Ron, et al. (författare) Institutions and diversification: Related versus unrelated diversification in a varieties of capitalism framework 2015 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 44:10, s. 1902-1914 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The varieties of capitalism literature has drawn little attention to industrial renewal and diversification, while the related diversification literature has neglected the institutional dimension of industrial change. Bringing together both literatures, the paper proposes that institutions have an impact on the direction of the diversification process, in particular on whether countries gain a comparative advantage in new sectors that are close or far from what is already part of their existing industrial structure. We investigate the diversification process in 23 developed countries by means of detailed product trade data in the period 1995-2010. Our results show that relatedness is a stronger driver of diversification into new products in coordinated market economies, while liberal market economies show a higher probability to move in more unrelated industries: their overarching institutional framework gives countries more freedom to make a jump in their industrial evolution. In particular, we found that the role of relatedness as driver of diversification into new sectors is stronger in the presence of institutions that focus more on 'non-market' coordination in the domains of labor relations, corporate governance relations, product market relations, and inter-firm relations. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
29.	Boschma, Ron, et al. (författare) Scientific knowledge dynamics and relatedness in biotech cities 2014 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 43:1, s. 107-114 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper investigates the impact of scientific relatedness on knowledge dynamics in biotech at the city level during the period 1989-2008. We assess the extent to which the emergence of new research topics and the disappearance of existing topics in cities are dependent on their degree of scientific relatedness with existing topics in those cities. We make use of the rise and fall of title words in scientific publications in biotech to identify major cognitive developments within the field. We determined the degree of relatedness between 1028 scientific topics in biotech by means of co-occurrence of pairs of topics in journal articles. We combined this relatedness indicator between topics in biotech with the scientific portfolio of cities (i.e. the topics on which they published previously) to determine how cognitively close a potentially new topic (or an existing topic) is to the scientific portfolio of a city. We analyzed knowledge dynamics at the city level by looking at the entry and exit of topics in the scientific portfolio of 276 cities in the world. We found strong and robust evidence that new scientific topics in biotech tend to emerge systematically in cities where scientifically related topics already exist, while existing scientific topics had a higher probability to disappear from a city when these were weakly related to the scientific portfolio of the city. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
30.	Brattström, Anna, et al. (författare) Creativity, trust and systematic processes in product development 2012 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 41:4, s. 743-755 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper addresses the challenge of striking a balance between, on one hand, mitigating uncertainty through the existence of systematic processes and structures and, on the other, stimulating creativity through allowable variation in work processes and structures. Both objectives are fundamental aspects of product development work. Our main finding is that both objectives can be achieved simultaneously. We introduce trust as a mediating variable. We show first, that being systematic in the processes for obtaining information and applying explicit organizational rules and structures in product development work creates an atmosphere of trust in the organization. Second, we show that trust increases creativity. The paper contributes to an understanding of how and why trust is important in product development organizations and of how trust can be actively managed. Above all, the paper contributes to the understanding of how uncertainty and creativity should be managed in organizations conducting product development.
31.	Braunerhjelm, Pontus, 1953-, et al. (författare) Employees' entrepreneurial human capital and firm performance 2023 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 52:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We introduce a new measure of human capital, defined as employees' former involvement in entrepreneurship. Such entrepreneurial human capital (EHC) complements traditional human capital measures accumulated through work experience and education. Using detailed longitudinal register data, we track the previous years of entrepreneurial experience for the population of employees in Swedish private sector firms. We provide evidence that higher EHC among employees is associated with significantly higher levels of firm productivity. The baseline result implies that a 10 % increase in employees being former entrepreneurs increases firm-level productivity by 3.9 %. Additionally, we provide evidence that heterogeneity in employees' previous entrepreneurial experience (e.g., the reason for entering and exiting entrepreneurship, type of venture, length of entrepreneurial experiences, and relatedness of technology) influences the impact of EHC on productivity. The results are shown to be robust to various estimation techniques, alternative definitions of EHC, and other performance measures. © 2022 The Authors
32.	Broström, Anders, Docent, 1978- (författare) Academic breeding grounds : Home department conditions and early career performance of academic researchers 2019 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 48:7, s. 1647-1665 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study investigates how research group characteristics relate to the early career success of PhD candidates who are trained in the group. In particular, I study how the citation impact of early-career PhDs is related to the staff composition and funding of the group. Using data on a cohort of Swedish doctoral graduates in science, engineering, mathematics and medicine, two sets of findings are obtained. First, students who were trained in groups with a lower number of PhD students perform better in terms of academic productivity. From the perspective of research policy, this finding suggests a decreasing return to funding additional PhD student positions allocated to professors who are already maintaining larger research groups. Second, PhD students trained in groups with funding for PhD research that is conditioned by funder influence over the topic of thesis research are more likely to stay in academia. Controlling for career destination, however, PhDs from such groups have lower than average scientific productivity and citation impact. These results suggest that finders of PhD studies face a trade-off between the two different funding objectives of "getting what they want" in terms of research content and fostering successful scholars.
33.	Broström, Anders, 1978- (författare) Working with distant researchers : distance and content in university-industry interaction 2010 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 39:10, s. 1311-1320 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper studies the role of geographic proximity for interaction on R&D by exploring the special case of formalised university-industry interaction in the engineering sector While numerous studies find that geographic proximity facilitates spillover effects between university and industry by utilising evidence from e g patenting and publishing activities the geographical dimension is largely understudied in studies that report evidence from direct interaction A series of interviews with R&D managers suggests that linkages in geographical proximity are more likely than distant linkages to generate impulses to innovation and create significant learning effects at the firm Similarly geographic proximate interaction is more likely to successfully contribute to R&D projects with short time to market For long-term R&D projects geographic proximity is generally seen as a less critical factor A survey to 425 R&D managers in Swedish engineering firms provides evidence that supports these hypotheses.
34.	Brown, James R., et al. (författare) What promotes R&D? Comparative evidence from around the world 2017 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 46:2, s. 447-462 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract R&D drives innovation and productivity growth, but appropriability problems and financing difficulties likely keep R&D investment well below the socially optimal level, particularly in high- technology industries. Though countries around the world are increasingly interested in using tax incentives and other policy initiatives to address this underinvestment problem, there is little empirical evidence comparing the effectiveness of alternative domestic policies and institutions at spurring R&D. Using data from a broad sample of OECD economies, we find that financial market rules that improve accounting standards and strengthen contract enforcement share a significant positive relation with R&D in more innovative industries, as do stronger legal protections for intellectual property. In contrast, stronger creditor rights and more generous R&D tax credits have a negative differential relation with R&D in more innovative industries. These results suggest that domestic policies directly dealing with appropriability and financing problems may be more effective than traditional tax subsides at promoting the innovative investments that drive economic growth.
35.	Bruns, S. B., et al. (författare) Reporting errors and biases in published empirical findings: Evidence from innovation research 2019 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 48:9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Errors and biases in published results compromise the reliability of empirical research, posing threats to the cumulative research process and to evidence-based decision making. We provide evidence on reporting errors and biases in innovation research. We find that 45% of the articles in our sample contain at least one result for which the provided statistical information is not consistent with reported significance levels. In 25% of the articles, at least one strong reporting error is diagnosed where a statistically non-significant finding becomes significant or vice versa using the common significance threshold of 0.1. The error rate at the test level is very small with 4.0% exhibiting any error and 1.4% showing strong errors. We also find systematically more marginally significant findings compared to marginally non-significant findings at the 0.05 and 0.1 thresholds of statistical significance. These discontinuities indicate the presence of reporting biases. Explorative analysis suggests that discontinuities are related to authors’ affiliations and to a lesser extent the article's rank in the issue and the style of reporting. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
36.	Buenstorf, Guido, 1968, et al. (författare) Drivers of spin-off performance in industry clusters: Embodied knowledge or embedded firms? 2018 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 47:3, s. 663-673 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Numerous studies attest to the distinctive performance of intra-industry spin-offs located in agglomerated regions. Besides entrepreneurs' pre-entry experience, both superior hires and regional embeddedness have been suggested as factors contributing to this pattern. We employ linked employer-employee data to assess their relevance in the empirical context of the Portuguese plastic injection molds industry. We find that the longevity of entrants is associated with the number and quality of early employees hired from within the industry, consistent with the importance of embodied knowledge flows. Our findings do not suggest that entrants' centrality in the regional industry network enhances their longevity.
37.	Buenstorf, Guido, 1968, et al. (författare) Interrelated funding streams in a multi-funder university system: Evidence from the German Exzellenzinitiative 2020 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 49:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Using the Zukunftskonzepte funding line of the German Exzellenzinitiative as our empirical setting and employing a difference-in-differences approach, we study interrelations in the competitive funding of research projects. Our results indicate that enhanced inequality introduced through the Exzellenzinitiative was partially offset by changes in the allocation of resources from other funders.
38.	Buenstorf, Guido, 1968, et al. (författare) When do firms get ideas from hiring PhDs? 2020 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 49:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Hiring new PhDs allows firms to access recent scientific advances. We develop new measures based on correlated topic models to estimate the similarity of patents and dissertations, and apply these measures to PhD-invented firm patents in the German laser industry. Patents are more exploratory for the firm if the underlying dissertation work is less similar to the firm's prior knowledge stock. Patents filed prior to dissertation submission are more exploratory. PhD-invented patents did not become less exploratory when Germany adopted university ownership in academic inventions.
39.	Börjeson, Love, et al. (författare) Gender diversity in the management field: Does it matter for research outcomes? 2019 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333. ; 48:7, s. 1617-1632 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study examines the relationship between gender diversity and research outcomes. Existing research on the topic primarily focuses on how team gender diversity influences scholarly productivity in terms of citations and publication rates. Far less attention has been devoted to the question of how the intellectual contents of research disciplines change as they become more gender diverse. Drawing on a global sample of more than 25,000 management papers, we use natural language processing techniques, correspondence analysis and regression models to illuminate impact-, content- and status-related dimensions of gender diversity in management research. In regression models adjusting for geographical setting, institutional prestige and collaboration patterns, we find no discernable effects of team gender diversity on per-paper scientific impact. In contrast, our analyses converge to yield a broadly consistent pattern of gender-related variations in research focus: women are well-represented in social- and human-centered areas of management, while men comprise the vast majority in areas addressing more technical and operational aspects. Our findings corroborate recent sociological research suggesting that cultural norms and expectations are channeling women and men towards different areas of work and study. We argue that the broadened repertoire of perspectives, values and questions resulting from gender diversity may render management research more responsive to the full gamut of societal needs and expectations.
40.	Castellani, Davide, et al. (författare) From new imported inputs to new exported products. Firm-level evidence from Sweden 2019 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 48:1, s. 322-338 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper investigates the determinants of the propensity of firms to export new products, and focuses on the role of new imported inputs. Importing offers access to new technologies and better combination of inputs that can lead to new or improved products for the export markets. Based on a sample of more than 14,000 Swedish manufacturing firms over the period 2001–2012, we show that importing new inputs is a key determinant of firms’ propensity to add new products to their export portfolio, even after controlling for multinationality, patenting activity, productivity and a number of other firm characteristics. This is mainly due to the import of new intermediate inputs and it is stronger for smaller firms.
41.	Castellani, Davide, et al. (författare) R&D offshoring and the productivity growth of European regions 2013 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 42:9, s. 1581-1594 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The recent increase in R&D offshoring has raised fears that knowledge and competitiveness in advanced countries may be at risk of 'hollowing out'. At the same time, economic research has stressed that this process is also likely to allow some reverse technology transfer and foster growth at home. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the extent to which R&D offshoring is associated with productivity dynamics of European regions. We find that offshoring regions have higher productivity growth, but this positive effect fades with the number of investment projects carried out abroad. A large and positive correlation emerges between the extent of R&D offshoring and the home region productivity growth, supporting the idea that carrying out R&D abroad strengthens European competitiveness. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
42.	Cenamor, Javier, et al. (författare) Openness in platform ecosystems : Innovation strategies for complementary products 2021 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0048-7333 .- 1873-7625. ; 50:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Innovation strategies in complementary product markets come with a dilemma: Platform sponsors must concede third parties autonomy to innovate to make a platform successful, but a platform sponsor must also participate in the complementary product market to make the platform grow, thus acting as a competitor to third parties. We examine the performance outcomes of four innovation strategies based upon combinations of development and commercialization activities, i.e., the proprietary, outbound, inbound and third-party strategies, and their evolution over time. Data was collected from a panel of 4,857 video games for the seventh generation of video consoles in the United States. The findings contribute to research on platform strategy, open innovation, and ecosystem management by highlighting the different performance outcomes of innovation strategies that co-exist in the same platform ecosystem at the same time. The findings emphasize that decisions on appropriate innovation strategies in platform ecosystems are much more complex than they have previously been portrayed as, through the traditional dualities of open or closed, platform sponsors or third parties, or first or subsequent strategies.
43.	Chaminade, Cristina, et al. (författare) Globalisation of Knowledge Production and Regional Innovation Policy: Supporting Specialized Hubs in Developing Countries 2008 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 37:10, s. 1684-1696 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper is concerned with the changing role of regional innovation systems and regional policies in supporting the transition of indigenous firms in developing countries from competing on low costs towards becoming knowledge providers in global value chains. Special attention is paid to policies supporting the emergence and development of the regional innovation system in this transition process. Regional innovation systems in developing countries have very recently started to be conceptualised as specialized hubs in global innovation and production networks (Asheim, B., Coenen, L, Vang-Lauridsen, J., 2007. Face-to-face, buzz and knowledge bases: socio-spatial implications for learning, innovation and innovation policy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25 (5), 655-670; Chaminade, C., Vang, J., 2006a. Innovation policy for small and medium size SMEs in Asia: an innovation systems perspective. In: Yeung, H. (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Asian Business. Edward Elgar. Cheltenham; Maggi, C., 2007. The salmon farming and processing cluster in Southern Chile. In: Pietrobello, C., Rabellotti, R. (Eds.), Upgrading and Governance in Clusters and Value Chains in Latin America. Harvard University Press). A specialized hub refers to a node in a global value chain that mainly undertakes one or a few of the activities required for the production and development of a given good or service or serves a particular segment of the global market. In global value chains, firms in developing countries have traditionally been responsible for the lowest added-value activities. However, a few emerging regional innovation systems in developing countries are beginning to challenge this scenario by rapidly upgrading in the value chain. There is, however, still only a poorly developed understanding of how the system of innovation emerges and evolves to support this transition process and what the role of regional innovation policy is in building the regional conditions that support indigenous small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in this transition process. This paper aims at reducing this omission by analyzing the co-evolution of the strategies of indigenous SMEs and the regional innovation system of Bangalore (India).
44.	Chaminade, Cristina, et al. (författare) Measuring systemic problems in National Innovation Systems. An application to Thailand 2012 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 41:8, s. 1476-1488 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The paper contributes to research on innovation systems in general and, in particular, to the current debate on rationales for innovation policy by providing a framework to identify systemic problems in a given system of innovation and test the framework empirically. The data were drawn from the Thai Community Innovation Survey in the period after which a major change in the country's innovation system policy had been initiated. By hierarchical factor analysis, systemic problems are identified and grouped into four components: institution, network. Science and Technology infrastructure and other support services. The analysis allows researchers to investigate the mismatch between policies and problems and identify policy gaps. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
45.	Chaminade, Cristina (författare) Small Country Innovation Systems. Globalization, Change and Policy in Asia and Europe 2010 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 39:1, s. 186-187 Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
46.	Cherunya, Pauline C., et al. (författare) Anchoring innovations in oscillating domestic spaces: Why sanitation service offerings fail in informal settlements 2020 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 49:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A persistent conundrum for practitioners and researchers in the development context is that, often, newly provided and improved basic services are not maintained by users despite seemingly superior functionality and user convenience. We argue that one major reason for this is an insufficient understanding of the context in which users have to manage their daily lives. We therefore propose an approach to analysing the embedding of basic services that focuses on the users’ daily practices. We do so by borrowing insights from ‘socio-technical transitions’ and ‘practice theory’ in developing our concept of oscillating domestic spaces. The concept reflects the need for people to constantly respond to quickly changing and precarious circumstances by rearranging their daily practices in time and space and developing a multiplicity of alternative options and partial solutions. We illustrate the analytical approach in a case study of sanitation access in informal settlements of Nairobi, Kenya. The analysis shows how the introduction of a container-based toilet resulted in partial embedding. The innovation anchored to only a part of the oscillating domestic spaces and was in disarray with the needs of users most of the time. The conceptual approach contributes to the understanding about how users take part in sustainability transitions as well as the added value of the time-space dimension in analysing practices in highly complex contexts. We conclude by reflecting on the potential applicability of the analytical approach to transition cases in the Global North.
47.	Clausen, Tommy, et al. (författare) Mobilizing for change: A study of research units in emerging scientific fields 2012 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 41:7, s. 1249-1261 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Local research units. this article argues, play a very important role for the scientific field they belong to, for example by mobilizing financial support, offering job opportunities, attracting talented recruits, and providing adequate training. Little is known, however, about such units, at least in the fields under study here, i.e., studies of innovation, entrepreneurship and related phenomena. This article focuses with the help of a survey of 136 research units worldwide supplemented by a number of case-studies on the factors that influence the extent to which local mobilization efforts succeed. The research shows that universities provide the most fertile grounds for such research units, and that external support and support from the leadership of the university are important factors behind their establishment. in the longer term, however, attracting core (basic) finance is essential for the unit's ability to maintain cognitive control of its research program. Units that develop their own Master and PhD programs appear more likely than others to achieve these aims. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
48.	Coenen, Lars, et al. (författare) Toward a spatial perspective on sustainability transitions 2012 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 41:6, s. 968-979 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In the past decade, the literature on transitions toward sustainable socio-technical systems has made a considerable contribution in understanding the complex and multi-dimensional shifts considered necessary to adapt societies and economies to sustainable modes of production and consumption. However, transition analyses have often neglected where transitions take place, and the spatial configurations and dynamics of the networks within which transitions evolve. A more explicit spatial perspective on sustainability transitions contributes to the extant transitions literature in three ways. Firstly it provides a contextualization on the limited territorial sensitivity of existing literature. Secondly, it explicitly acknowledges and investigates diversity in transition processes, which follows from a 'natural' variety in institutional conditions, networks, actor strategies and resources across space. Thirdly, it encompasses not only greater emphasis but also an opportunity to connect to a body of literature geared to understanding the international, trans-local nature of transition dynamics. Concerned with the prevalent lack of attention for the spatial dimensions of sustainability transitions in most studies, this paper seeks to unpick and make explicit sustainability transition geographies from the vantage point of economic geography. The paper argues that there are two interrelated problems requiring attention: the institutional embeddedness of socio-technical development processes within specific territorial spaces, and an explicit multi-scalar conception of socio-technical trajectories. Following these arguments, the paper concludes that transitions research would do well to take a closer look at the geographical unevenness of transition processes from the perspective of global networks and local nodes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
49.	Croidieu, Gregoire, et al. (författare) Even winners need to learn: How government entrepreneurship programs can support innovative ventures 2020 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier. - 1873-7625 .- 0048-7333. ; 49:10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Given the investment of public resources for supporting entrepreneurial growth, it is important to know whether such programs truly benefit innovative ventures. While prior research has indicated some benefits for growth outcomes, there is no clear consensus about the conditions for program effectiveness. We attribute this to the complex set of selection and treatment mechanisms associated with how programs navigate interlocking tradeoffs to maximize outcomes with their limited resources. To circumvent these challenges, policymakers often default to a "picking winners" approach based on past performance indicators. We develop and implement a carefully designed empirical strategy to determine whether this approach leads innovative ventures to achieve growth milestones and properly accounts for various observed and unobserved selection issues. We analyze data from the Small Business Development Center (SBDC), a government-sponsored program in the United States. Using a potential outcomes framework to investigate over 1,700 ventures that enrolled in SBDC advisory services from 2011 to 2016, we observe that treatment design is more crucial than selection for innovative firms to achieve growth. We found that treatment time and a client's willingness to learn collaboratively from their advisors are vital indicators of growth. Since treatment effectiveness is driven by support allocation, programs that desire to boost innovation outcomes must at a minimum formally prioritize innovation criteria to ensure these businesses receive sufficient support to address their growth objectives. Beyond this, we demonstrate that support effectiveness additionally depends on a willingness of participants to learn collaboratively by socializing their growth objectives with their advisors. Since even winners need to learn, programs must wrestle with the selection tradeoffs more acutely early on to ensure that the most promising clients can receive lengthier learning opportunities for growth.
50.	Dahlander, Linus, 1979, et al. (författare) A man on the inside: Unlocking communities as complementary assets 2006 Ingår i: Research Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-7333. ; 38:8, s. 1243-1259 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Since Teece's seminal paper explaining who were the gainers from technological innovation, increased globalization and the information and communication technology revolution have brought new ways for firms to organize and appropriate from innovation. A new more open model of innovation suggests that firms can benefit from sources of innovation that stem from outside the firm. The central theme of this paper is how firms try to unlock communities as complementary assets. These communities exist outside firm boundaries beyond ownership or hierarchical control. Because of practices developed by communities to protect their work, firms need to assign individuals to work in these communities in order to gain access to developments and, to an extent, influence the direction of the community. Using network analysis we show that some software firms sponsor individuals to act strategically within a free and open source software (FOSS) community. Firm sponsored individuals interact with more individuals than interact with them, and also they seek to interact with central individuals in the community. However, we can see differences in how individuals interact, depending on whether their affiliation is with a dedicated FOSS firm or an incumbent in the software industry. Apparently, some firm managers believe they need 'a man on the inside' to be able to gain access to communities. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka

Länka till träfflistan

Träfflista för sökning "L773:0048 7333 "

Avgränsa träffmängd

År