| 1. |
- Bergh Nestlog, Ewa, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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The Book Dog and Semiotic Resources in Envisionment Building of a Text World
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - New York : Springer. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 48:2, s. 535-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Linnaeus University project “The Book Dog and Astrid Lindgren” seeks to bring children and literature together and to use the dog as a tool for this. The method involves children reading aloud to trained dogs, called book dogs. By studying the practice of the book dog, we seek more profound knowledge of the importance of the reading practice for children’s reading. Such knowledge can have didactic implications for reading practices also in contexts where there is no book dog. In the study reception theories (Langer in Envisioning knowledge.Building literacy in the academic disciplines, New York, Teachers College Press,2011a; Langer in Envisioning literature. Literary understanding and literature instruction, 2nd ed., New York, Teachers College Press,2011b) are developed with perspectives of discourse analysis (Fairclough in Discourse and social change, Polity Press, Cambridge,1992). and social semiotics (Halliday in Language as social semiotics. The social interpretation of language and meaning, Edward Arnold, London,1978). The result shows that the dog contributes with semiotic resources in the meaning-making process; the text world comes to life for the child through the expanded envisionment building where the dog is central. Since pupils read texts in all school subjects, the study should be relevant for all types of teachers when shaping reading practices that support pupil’s meaning-making, also in contexts where there is no book dog. The study can also say something about what engagement, attentiveness, and non-judgemental attitudes can mean for pupils, even they in reading and writing difficulties (Bergh Nestlog and Ehriander 2016).
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| 2. |
- Bååth, Rasmus, et al.
(författare)
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Latent Semantic Analysis Discriminates Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) from Children with Typical Language Development
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 48:3, s. 683-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computer based analyses offer a possibility for objective methods to assess semantic-linguistic quality of narratives at the text level. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether a semantic language impairment index (SELIMI) based on latent semantic analysis (LSA) can discriminate between children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and children with typical language development. Spoken narratives from 54 children with DLD and 54 age matched controls with typical language development were summarized in a semantic representation generated using LSA. A statistical model was trained to discriminate between children with DLD and children with typical language development, given the semantic vector representing each individual child’s narrative. The results show that SELIMI could distinguish between children with DLD and children with typical language development significantly better than chance and thus has a potential to complement traditional analyses focussed on form or on the word level.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Emilia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing False-Belief Understanding in Children with Autism Using a Computer Application: A Pilot Study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of psycholinguistic research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-6555 .- 0090-6905. ; 47:5, s. 1085-1099
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a False-Belief (FB) understanding task for use on a computer tablet, trying to assess FB understanding in a less social way. It is based on classical FB protocols, and additionally includes a manipulation of language in an attempt to explore the facilitating effect of linguistic support during FB processing. Specifically, the FB task was presented in three auditory conditions: narrative, silent, and interference. The task was assumed to shed new light on the FB difficulties often observed in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Sixty-eight children with ASD (M=7.5years) and an age matched comparison group with 98 typically developing (TD) children were assessed with the FB task. The children with ASD did not perform above chance level in any condition, and significant differences in success rates were found between the groups in two conditions (silent and narrative), with TD children performing better. We discuss implications, limitations, and further developments.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Emilia, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Narrative Skills in Primary School Children with Autism in Relation to Language and Nonverbal Temporal Sequencing
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 49, s. 475-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has suggested that temporal sequencing of narrative events might be a domain-general ability that underlies oral narrative capacities. The current study investigated this issue in a group of children with known pragmatic and narrative difficulties, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We hypothesized (1) that children with ASD (n = 45) would retell narratives of poorer quality than both chronological age-matched (CAM) children and younger children matched on sentence-level language skills (LM), and (2) that nonverbal temporal sequencing skills would uniquely predict individual differences in oral narrative performance in children with ASD. The results show that children with ASD performed poorer on all measures of oral narrative quality compared with the CAM group, and on eight of ten measures compared with the LM group. Thus, our first hypothesis was confirmed, suggesting that narrative difficulties in ASD cannot be fully explained by impaired language. The second hypothesis was only partly confirmed: nonverbal temporal sequencing explained significant or marginally significant variance in some, but not all, aspects of oral narrative performance of children with ASD. These results are discussed from theoretical and clinical/educational perspectives, in relation to the heterogeneity of language skills in ASD and to domain-general features of narrative processing.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying Semantic Linguistic Maturity in Children
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 45:5, s. 1183-1199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a method to quantify semantic linguistic maturity (SELMA) based on a high dimensional semantic representation ofwords created from the co-occurrence of words in a large text corpus. The method was applied to oral narratives from 108 children aged 4;0–12;10. By comparing the SELMA measure with maturity ratings made by human raters we found that SELMA predicted the rating of semantic maturity made by human raters over and above the prediction made using a child’s age and number of words produced. We conclude that the semantic content of narratives changes in a predictable pattern with children’s age and argue that SELMA is a measure quantifying semantic linguistic maturity. The study opens up the possibility of using quantitative measures for studying the development of semantic representation in children’s narratives, and emphasizes the importance of word co-occurrences for understanding the development of meaning.
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| 6. |
- Heinat, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Anaphoric Reference to Quantified Expressions in Swedish
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - New York City, NY : Springer. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 48:3, s. 551-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results from two studies on anaphoric reference to quantifying expressions (QEs) in Swedish, contributing to the current cross-linguistic discussion on this issue. For English it has been shown that the polarity of the QE (positive vs negative) determines the anaphoric set reference (to the referens set, REFSET, or to the complement set, COMPSET), while for Spanish it has been claimed that while REFSET interpretation is the default, the relative sizes of the two sets (REFSET and COMPSET) also matters. In Experiment 1, a semantic plausibility study. The results showed that for positive QEs, anaphoric reference can only be to the REFSET, while for negative QEs, it can only be to the COMPSET. Unlike in English and Spanish, REFSET continuations were categorically ruled out for negative QEs. To investigate whether the internal differences between QEs could be explained in terms of set size, we conducted Experiment 2, an estimation task. The results from this experiment showed that the size of the REFSET relative to the COMPSET was not a determining factor.
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| 7. |
- Schremm, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Time-Driven Effects on Processing Relative Clauses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 45:5, s. 1033-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present response time study investigated how a hypothesized time-based working memory constraint of 2–3 s affects the resolution of grammatical and semantic dependencies. Congruent and incongruent object relative (OR) and subject relative sentences were read at different presentation rates so that the distance between dependent words was either shorter or longer than 2–3 s. Incongruent OR sentences showed an effect of presentation rate. Experiment 1 focused on grammatical dependencies. Processing of adjectives with agreement features mismatching those of the preceding dependent word showed rapid agreement resolution at a time-interval below 2 s. Dependency intervals over 3 s reflected a different, more time-consuming process possibly due to extended search in sentence semantic representations as the grammatical form of the first word in the dependency fades away. In experiment 2, focusing on semantic dependencies, incongruent OR sentences displayed a different pattern: a gradual increase in processing time as a function of distance between dependent words. Thus, the 2–3 s long time-window seems to constrain the maintenance of grammatical forms in working memory.
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| 8. |
- Söderström, Pelle, et al.
(författare)
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Stem tones pre-activate suffixes in the brain
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 46:2, s. 271-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from the present event-related potentials (ERP) study show that tones on Swedish word stems can rapidly pre-activate upcoming suffixes, even when the word stem does not carry any lexical meaning. Results also show that listeners are able to rapidly restore suffixes which are replaced with a cough. Accuracy in restoring suffixes correlated positively with the amplitude of an anterior negative ERP elicited by stem tones. This effect is proposed to reflect suffix pre-activation. Suffixes that were cued by an incorrect tone elicited a left-anterior negativity and a P600, suggesting that the correct processing of the suffix is crucially tied to the activation of the preceding validly associated tone.
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| 9. |
- Uppstad, Per Henning, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of fluency in writing
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 36:2, s. 79-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The notion of 'fluency' is most often associated with spoken-language phenomena such as stuttering. The present article investigates the relevance of considering fluency in writing. The basic argument for raising this question is empirical - it follows from a focus on difficulties in written and spoken language as manifestations of different problems which should be investigated separately on the basis of their symptoms. Key-logging instruments provide new possibilities for the study of writing. The obvious use of this new technology is to study writing as it unfolds in real time, instead of focusing only on aspects of the end product. A more sophisticated application is to exploit the key-logging instrument in order to test basic assumptions of contemporary theories of spelling. The present study is a dictation task involving words and 'non-words', intended to investigate spelling in nine-year-old pupils with regard to their mastery of the doubling of consonants in Norwegian. In this study, we report on differences with regard to temporal measures between a group of strong writers and a group of poor ones. On the basis of these pupils' writing behavior, the relevance of the concept of 'fluency' in writing is highlighted. The interpretation of the results questions basic assumptions of the cognitive hypothesis about spelling; the article concludes by hypothesizing a different conception of spelling.
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| 10. |
- Uppstad, Per Henning, et al.
(författare)
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The Status of the Concept of 'Phoneme' in Psycholinguistics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 39:5, s. 429-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The notion of the phoneme counts as a break-through of modern theoretical linguistics in the early twentieth century. It paved the way for descriptions of distinctive features at different levels in linguistics. Although it has since then had a turbulent existence across altering theoretical positions, it remains a powerful concept of a fundamental unit in spoken language. At the same time, its conceptual status remains highly unclear. The present article aims to clarify the status of the concept of 'phoneme' in psycholinguistics, based on the scientific concepts of description, understanding and explanation. Theoretical linguistics has provided mainly descriptions. The ideas underlying this article are, first, that these descriptions may not be directly relevant to psycholinguistics and, second, that psycholinguistics in this sense is not a sub-discipline of theoretical linguistics. Rather, these two disciplines operate with different sets of features and with different orientations when it comes to the scientific concepts of description, understanding and explanation.
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| 11. |
- Özgür Küfi, Elmaziye
(författare)
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Activation of Content-Schemata for Scaffolding L2 Writing : Voices from a Turkish Context
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. - : Springer. - 0090-6905 .- 1573-6555. ; 52:6, s. 2405-2427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been observed that Turkish university students suffer in L2 writing when they lack background knowledge about the writing topic. Triggered by this observation, this study intended to explore effectiveness of content-schemata activation for scaffolding Turkish students in their challenging L2 writing practices. Study participants, students studying at an English-medium university in Turkey, were asked to write an essay on a specific topic at the beginning of the week before participating in any activities and then they were asked to write a second essay on the same topic after being engaged in various skills activities designed to activate their content-schemata. The same procedure was repeated for seven weeks with a different topic each week. To gather data, students' first and second essays were compared and students' and teachers' perceptions regarding their experiences in English writing classes were elicited through questionnaires. As study findings reveal that content-schemata activation leads to the production of better essays in terms of content and that both students and teachers are positive about the use of skills activities for idea generation prior to essay writing, integration of activities that would activate students' content-schemata into the language curriculum in other ESL/EFL educational contexts is highly recommended.
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| 12. |
- ANDERSSON, T
(författare)
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TOWARD A DIALECTIC THEORY OF CONCEPTS
- 1995
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH. - : PLENUM PUBL CORP. - 0090-6905. ; 24:5, s. 377-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The article spells out some guidelines for a dialectic theory of concepts. Concept formation is treated in terms of polemic and polar reference. The main thesis is that opposite references structure concepts by way of advocacy. On polar dimensions of comp
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| 13. |
- Mishra, A., et al.
(författare)
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Thermal, structural and in vitro dissolution of antimicrobial copper-doped and slow resorbable iron-doped phosphate glasses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 52:15, s. 8957-8972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on investigating and comparing the effects of CuO and Fe2O3 addition on the bioactive response of glass having composition [xCuO or Fe2O3 + (100 - x) (0.2CaO + 0.2SrO + 0.1Na(2)O + 0.5P(2)O(5))] (in mol%), where x is ranging from 0 up to 5. The addition of CuO was found to increase the hot processing window and the dissolution rate leading to a fast surface layer precipitation. Using IR and Raman spectroscopies, we related this change in the bioactive response of this glass to the progressive depolymerization of the glass network induced by the addition of CuO. On the other hand, the addition of Fe2O3 was found to reduce the hot processing window and the dissolution rate as no depolymerization of the network occurs due to the formation of P-O-Fe bonds at the expense of P-O-P bonds. All the glasses were found to dissolve congruently and in a controlled manner. Finally, the antimicrobial properties of the copper-doped glasses were examined and compared to bioactive glasses which are known to exhibit good antimicrobial properties. The CuO addition leads to higher antimicrobial properties than the commercial bioactive glass S53P4 and total bacterial elimination could be obtained.
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