| 1. |
- Ahgren, Per, et al.
(författare)
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A study of doubletalk detection performance in the presence of acoustic echo path changes
- 2006
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - Uppsala Univ, Dept Syst & Control, Informat Control, SE-75105 Uppsala, Sweden. Karlstad Univ, Dept Elect Engn, SE-65188 Karlstad, Sweden.. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 52:2, s. 515-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An efficient and well-performing double-talk detection (DTD) algorithm is a vital part of a practically working acoustic echo canceller. However, recent algorithms are typically evaluated using a static time-invariant room acoustic impulse response, omitting a proper treatment of the case when the acoustic path is changing. In this work, we introduce a common framework to objectively evaluate how path changes affect the DTD performance. Via extensive numerical simulations, we conclude that the main factor in acoustic path changes affecting the DTD performance for some of the more common DTD algorithms is variations in the damping of the acoustic path.
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| 2. |
- Ahmed, Bestoun S., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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EvoCreeper: Automated Black-Box Model Generation for Smart TV Applications
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 65:2, s. 160-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract—Smart TVs are coming to dominate the televisionmarket. This accompanied by an increase in the use of the smartTV applications (apps). Due to the increasing demand, developersneed modeling techniques to analyze these apps and assess theircomprehensiveness, completeness, and quality. In this paper, wepresent an automated strategy for generating models of smartTV apps based on a black-box reverse engineering. The strategycan be used to cumulatively construct a model for a given app byexploring the user interface in a manner consistent with the use ofa remote control device and extracting the runtime information.The strategy is based on capturing the states of the user interfaceto create a model during runtime without any knowledge ofthe internal structure of the app. We have implemented ourstrategy in a tool called EvoCreeper. The evaluation results showthat our strategy can automatically generate unique states anda comprehensive model that represents the real user interactionswith an app using a remote control device. The models thusgenerated can be used to assess the quality and completeness ofsmart TV apps in various contexts, such as the control of otherconsumer electronics in smart houses.
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| 3. |
- Bures, Miroslav, et al.
(författare)
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Testing the Usability and Accessibility of Smart TV Applications Using an Automated Model-based Approach
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : IEEE. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 66:2, s. 134-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the popularity of Smart Televisions (TVs) and interactive Smart TV applications (apps) has recently grown, the usability of these apps has become an important quality characteristic. Previous studies examined Smart TV apps from a usability perspective. However, these methods are mainly manual, and the potential of automated model-based testing methods for usability testing purposes has not yet been fully explored. In this paper, we propose an approach to test the usability of Smart TV apps based on the automated generation of a Smart TV user interaction model from an existing app by a specialized automated crawler. By means of this model, defined user tasks in the Smart TV app can be evaluated automatically in terms of their feasibility and estimated user effort, which reflects the usability of the analyzed app. This analysis can be applied in the context of regular users and users with various specific needs. The findings from this model-based automated analysis approach can be used to optimize the user interface of a Smart TV app to increase its usability, accessibility, and quality.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Zhiwei, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Device Radio Frequency Fingerprinting Identification Based on Domain Adaptation
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 70:1, s. 2391-2400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) is a lightweight authentication technology for resource-limited terminal nodes by exploiting the unique hardware imperfections resulting from the manufacturing process. Previous studies about radio frequency fingerprinting identification (RFFI) mainly concentrate on improving the accuracy which is evaluated by the single receiver device that trains and identifies all the nodes. Due to the mobility of the consumer electronic terminals, these terminal nodes may need to be identified by the different receivers. In this paper, we propose a cross-device radio frequency fingerprinting identification scheme which allows enrolled nodes to be authenticated by different devices. Motivated by the observation that signals collected by different receiver devices have a distribution shift that would violate the basic independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) assumption of supervised learning. Domain adaptation is adopted to improve the accuracy under different receivers, which can align the data captured from different devices and eliminate the distribution shift through the labeled data from one receiver device and unlabeled data from the other device. By this way, the distribution shift from different devices is corrected. Extensive experiment configurations under various Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are carried out to demonstrate the performance of domain adaptation with the same model structure. The results indicate that classification accuracy under different devices can be increased by 7%-15% and get a stable accuracy rate higher than 90% by leveraging our proposed cross-device RFFI scheme.
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| 5. |
- Ding, Yuemin, et al.
(författare)
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Guest Editorial of the Special section on Emerging Technologies and Applications of Consumer Electronics for Healthy and Sustainable Life
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 70:1, s. 2378-2381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensuring a healthy and sustainable life and promoting the wellness of human beings at all ages are essential to sustainable development. For this purpose, consumer electronics play important roles, such as body-centric healthcare, health-related ambient monitoring, sustainable health management, etc. Undoubtedly, in modern health and sustainable applications, Consumer Electronics (CE) is at the forefront of bridging physical and digital worlds, offering innovative solutions to improve health outcomes and enhance sustainable practices.
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| 6. |
- Fafoutis, Xenofon, et al.
(författare)
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Energy-efficient medium access control for energy harvesting communications
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : IEEE. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 61:4, s. 402-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While energy consumption is widely considered the primary challenge of wireless networked devices, energy harvesting emerges as a promising way of powering the Internet of Things (IoT). In the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of the communication stack, energy harvesting introduces spatial and temporal uncertainty in the availability of energy. In this context, this paper focuses on the design and implementation of the MAC layer of wireless embedded systems that are powered by energy harvesting; providing novel protocol features and practical experiences to designers of consumer electronics who opt for tailoring their own protocol solutions instead of using the standards.
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| 7. |
- Gidlund, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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VoIP and IPTV distribution over wireless mesh networks in indoor environment
- 2008
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 54:4, s. 1665-1671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) will play an important role in the next-generation wireless communication systems because it can support broadband services with ubiquitous coverage by low power consumption. In this article, we will discuss and evaluate the possibility of distributing triple play (Voice-over-IP (VoIP), Internet and Internet Protocol TV (IPTV)) services over a wireless meshed network established in an indoor environment. We are using modified and reconfigured IEEE 802.11b/g access points in the experimental setup. The achieved results from both simulation and experimental setup show that it is possible to run three (3) standard definition (SD) IPTV channels simultaneously and also have VoIP connected over at least two hops with satisfied quality.
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| 8. |
- Guo, Z., et al.
(författare)
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DS-CNN : Dual-Stream Convolutional Neural Networks based Heart Sound Classification for Wearable Devices
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : IEEE. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 69:4, s. 1186-1194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is considered a serious public health problem due to the uncertainty of its onset. Consuming wearable devices have increasing popularities for healthcare monitoring, and many of them are capable of continuous monitoring and early detection of CVDs. This paper proposes a framework for heart sound detection that can be considered for deployment on smart wearable devices to screen CVDs conveniently. A dual-stream convolutional neural network (DS-CNN) is developed to detect abnormal ones from short-term heart sound recordings. Preprocessing module is first employed for noise filtering and amplitude normalization. Then short-time Fourier transform and higher-order spectral are introduced for feature extraction, whose products are subsequently fed into the DS-CNN for screening abnormal heart sound signals. Two open accessible datasets are employed for performance evaluation. The results well demonstrate the classification accuracy of the proposed DS-CNN, and also indicate its advantages for adapting to heart sound recordings collected by different equipments. IEEE
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| 9. |
- Holenderski, Mike J., et al.
(författare)
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Reducing memory requirements in a multimedia streaming application
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - Las Vegas, United States. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 57:1, s. 145-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates memory management for real-time multimedia applications running on resource-constrained electronic devices. The target applications are comprised of a data-driven task chain with a time-driven head and tail and a bounded end-to-end latency. The necessary buffer capacities along the task chain are derived. Subsequently it is shown how a shared memory pool can reduce the total memory requirements of the whole application. The impact of a shared memory pool is also evaluated in the context of scalable applications. The general technique targeted at memory-constrained streaming systems is demonstrated with a video encoding example, showing memory savings of about 19%.
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| 10. |
- Kumari, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing Medical Recommendations With Federated Learning on Decentralized Data : A Roadmap for Implementation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 70:1, s. 2666-2674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This proposal presents a road-map for implementing federated learning (FL) for personalized medical recommendations on decentralized data. FL is a privacy-preserving technique allowing multiple parties to train machine learning models collaboratively without sharing their data. Our proposed framework incorporates differential privacy techniques to protect patient privacy. We discuss several evaluation metrics, including KL divergence, fairness, confidence intervals, top-N hit rate, sensitivity analysis, and novelty to evaluate the performance of the federated learning system. These metrics collectively serve as a robust toolbox for assessing Space needed the performance of the federated learning system. The proposed framework and evaluation metrics can provide valuable insights into the system's effectiveness and guide the selection of optimal hyperparameters and model architectures.
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| 11. |
- Qiao, Sibo, et al.
(författare)
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HCMMNet : Hierarchical Conv-MLP-Mixed Network for Medical Image Segmentation in Metaverse for Consumer Health
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 70:1, s. 2078-2089
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the burgeoning metaverse for consumer health (MCH), medical image segmentation methods with high accuracy and generalization capability are essential to drive personalized healthcare solutions and enhance the patient experience. To address the inherent challenges of capturing complex structures and features in medical image segmentation, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) and multi-layer-perceptron (MLP) mixed module named HCMM, which hierarchically incorporates local priors of CNN into fully-connected (FC) layers, ingeniously capturing specific details and a broader range of contextual information of the focused object from diverse perspectives. Then, we propose an MLP-based information fusion module (MIF) designed to dynamically merge feature maps of varying levels from different pathways, enhancing feature expression and discriminative power. Based on the above-proposed modules, we design a novel segmentation model, HCMMNet, which can adeptly capture feature maps from input medical images at different scales and perspectives. Through comparative experiments, we demonstrate the outstanding performance of the HCMMNet for medical image segmentation on three publicly available datasets and one self-organized dataset. Notably, our HCMMNet showcases remarkable efficacy while maintaining an extraordinarily lightweight profile, weighing in at a mere 3M, rendering it ideal for MCH application.
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| 12. |
- Surendra Varma, Pothuri, et al.
(författare)
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Federated KNN-Based Privacy-Preserving Position Recommendation for Indoor Consumer Applications
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 70:1, s. 2738-2745
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor positioning (IP) has attracted significant demand in diverse smart indoor consumer electronics applications like domotics appliances, automated energy management, patient tracking in hospitals, indoor navigation industries, etc. Most of these applications use Wi-Fi access points and a centralized server to create an IP network. The location of target nodes in these systems is disclosed, compromising user privacy. To overcome this, the current work proposes a federated KNN-based privacy-enforcing technique where the location coordinates of each target node are secured through discrete coordinate encryption. Hence the exact location coordinates are known only to the target node. However, real time consumer applications show that the privacy preserving technique increases localization error. But, efficient deployment of access points can improve localization accuracy. Therefore, we use Hausdorff distance to deploy dynamic access points based on the movements of the target nodes within convex hull regions. Experiments reveal that the proposed Hausdorff distance-based deployment model incorporated with a federated KNN results in better localization accuracy. Moreover, the proposed deployment technique does not require any additional hardware, making the system cost efficient.
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| 13. |
- Tiwari, Prayag, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Consumer-Centric Internet of Medical Things for Cyborg Applications based on Federated Reinforcement Learning
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 69:4, s. 756-764
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is the new digital healthcare application paradigm that offers many healthcare services to users. IoMT-based emerging healthcare applications such as cyborgs, the combination of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) robots, and doctors performing surgical operations remotely from hospitals to patients in their homes. For instance, robot-based knee replacement procedures, and thigh medical care real-time performance monitoring systems are cyborg applications. The paper introduces the multi-agent federated reinforcement learning policy (MFRLP) indicated in mobile and fog agents based on the socket remote procedure call (RPC) paradigm. The goal is to design a consumer-centric cyborg-efficient training testing system that executes the overall application mechanism with minimum delays in the IoMT system. The study develops the RPC based on reinforcement learning and federated learning that adopts dynamic changes in the environment for cyborg applications. As a result, MFRLP minimized the training and testing in the mobile and fog environments by 50%, local processing time by 40%, and processing time by 50% compared to existing machine learning (ML) methods for cyborg applications. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/prayagtiwari/CIoMT IEEE
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| 14. |
- van den Heuvel, Martijn, et al.
(författare)
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Constant bandwidth supply for priority processing
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 57:2, s. 873-881
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today's consumer electronic devices feature multiple applications which have to share scarcely available resources. We consider a priority-processing- based video application, which comprises multiple scalable video algorithms (SVAs) that are executed on a shared, virtual platform. This application is given a guaranteed processor share by means of a constant-bandwidth server (CBS). A decision scheduler distributes the assigned processor share among the SVAs on a time-slot basis, with the aim to maximize their overall output quality. To correctly distribute this processor share based on fixed-sized time slots, we introduce the concept of a virtual timer. This timer only advances when its associated virtual platform is executing. Because priority processing can guarantee real-time performance even under fluctuating load, we apply a resource reclaiming mechanism to our CBS which makes it possible to efficiently exploit spare processor time.
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| 15. |
- van den Heuvel, Martijn, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic resource allocation for real-time priority processing applications
- 2010
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 56:2, s. 879-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexible signal processing on programmable platforms are increasingly important for consumer electronic applications and others. Scalable video algorithms (SVAs) using novel priority processing can guarantee real-time performance on programmable platforms even with limited resources. Dynamic resource allocation is required to maximize the overall output quality of independent, competing priority processing algorithms that are executed on a shared platform. In this paper, we describe basic mechanisms for dynamic resource allocation and compare the performance of different implementations on a general purpose platform.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Wang, Desheng, et al.
(författare)
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Optimized Volume Control Architecture for Cascaded Audio System
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 68:2, s. 170-180
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cascaded audio systems (CASs) widely exist in consumer electronics, within which volume control is one of the most basic functions. However, the current volume adjustment schemes cannot automatically achieve optimal control, leading to performance degradation of CASs. Meanwhile, there is a lack of mathematical models and quantitative analysis between CASs performance and volume control position. In this study, an optimal volume control architecture named local processing and amplification (LPA) is proposed to minimize the volume control's adverse impact on CASs' performance automatically. First, a general CAS model is established through effective analysis and reasonable equivalence of diverse complicated CASs. Second, the quantitative relationship between the volume control and the CAS performance is theoretically analyzed using the noise figure theory, hence, the LPA architecture is proposed. Finally, the proposed LPA's performance improvement effect is analyzed and compared with the other volume controls in a wide volume range. Simulations and experiments using multiple indexes show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N) improvement of the proposed architecture are up to 5.2 dB and 4.8 dB, respectively, under a typical -9 dB volume.
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| 18. |
- Xu, Xu, et al.
(författare)
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Robust Gaze Point Estimation for Metaverse With Common Mode Features Suppression Network
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 70:1, s. 2090-2098
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gaze point estimation is an essential technology in extended reality devices, and plays a vital role in the metaverse with consumer health. A challenging issue is the great variation underlying the gaze-related encode information, which makes current methods difficult to generate gaze point with stable quality among different persons. To this end, we propose a robust framework to generate high-accuracy gaze point from appearance. Specifically, eyes and face regions are fused into network to enrich high-level features. Then, we develop a common mode features suppression network (CMFS-Net) to predict the gaze bias between the input image and standard image. It is based on the differential amplifier. In addition, a Point-Mean algorithm is designed to generate the estimated gaze point from candidate points. The performance of the CMFS-Net is evaluated on three gaze estimation datasets, GazePC, GazeCapture, and Rice TabletGaze. Among them, the GazePC is collected by ourselves which composes 41.25K images from 165 participants. Experimental results demonstrate that our model is effective and robust for appearance-based gaze point estimation, and has advantages over peer methods.
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| 19. |
- Yan, Hairong, et al.
(författare)
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Wireless Sensor Network based e-health system - implementation and experimental results
- 2010
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - : IEEE Press. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 56:4, s. 2288-2296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing number senior citizens, E-health is targeted for home use with the special requirements of being usable in everyday life and low cost. A wireless sensor network application is proposed here for 24 hour constant monitoring without disturbing daily activities of elderly people and their caretakers. In the system proposed, both fixed and body (mobile) sensors are used. Since not every elder likes to have a sensor board attached to him/her, and in many cases, he/she may not carry the sensor; the home sensor network independently would have the ability to monitor the health status and living environment based on the multisensor data analysis and fusion. A mixed positioning algorithm is proposed to determine where the elderly person is. The purpose of the positioning is to help the system to determine the person's activities and further to make decisions about his/her health status. The system could take care of two types of the basic needs of an elderly person: everyday needs as abnormal events and emergency alarms to doctors and caretakers through telephone, SMS and e-mail, and day to day requirements such as taking of medicine, having lunch, turn off the microwave oven, and so on. At same time, the system is sensitive to security and privacy issues.
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| 20. |
- Zhang, Yazhou, et al.
(författare)
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A Dual Channel Cyber-Physical Transportation Network for Detecting Traffic Incidents and Driver Emotion
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE transactions on consumer electronics. - New York, NY : IEEE. - 0098-3063 .- 1558-4127. ; 70:1, s. 1766-1774
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligent traffic incident detection provides benefits such as minimizing traffic accidents and fuel consumption, reducing congestion, and enhancing transportation safety. Hence, traffic incident detection has been an active research area in customer-centric intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Given that a driver’s negative emotions (e.g. anger, nervousness) are often a main cause of traffic incidents, we argue there is a close relationship between traffic incident detection and driver emotion recognition. We propose a Dual channel Dual attention Graph Attention neTworks, termed DDGAT. Specifically, the traffic channel builds a sequential-based graph, where words are nodes and their co-occurrences are edges. In contrast, the emotion channel builds a syntactic-based graph with words as nodes and semantic dependencies as edges. The first attention mechanism automatically learns the importance of neighbors in different layers for different tasks. The second attention produces the attentive graph representation for both tasks. Experiments on two benchmarking datasets including GIIE and Twitter, show the effectiveness of the proposed model over state-of-the-art baselines in terms of micro F1 and H@1, with significant improvements of 3.5%, 3.2%, 2.0%, and 1.7%. © 2023 IEEE
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| 21. |
- Casini, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Front-End Reception Requirements for Satellite Broadcast using Interference Processing
- 2008
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. - 0098-3063. ; 54:4, s. 1555-1563
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of fixed satellite broadcast reception is considered. The possibility of reducing the requirements on the antenna front-end dimensions is investigated. Interference processing and mitigation techniques are employed to cope with the increased level of adjacent system interference at the satellite broadcast receiver resulting from the less directive antenna. A novel satellite reception front-end antenna based on a multiple input receiver is proposed to adapt the interference processing methods to the broadcast reception scenario. The potential performance of the devised scheme is thoroughly discussed and assessed by extensive software simulations.
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| 22. |
- Fernández-Getino Garcia, Maria Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Frequency Offset Correction for Coherent OFDM In Wireless Systems
- 2001
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0098-3063. ; 47:1, s. 187-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a new frequency offset correction approach for OFDM is proposed to track a wider range of offsets than conventional proposals, without devoting specific pilot symbols for synchronization. This can be attained since, in coherent OFDM, channel estimation is usually performed employing pilot-symbol assisted-modulation (PSAM), based on inserting known symbols in the time-frequency grid. We show how this two-dimensional embedded signalling can also be used for frequency synchronization, with no need of additional synchronization symbols which reduce the data-rate. The ML estimator has been derived, but also, a frequency-domain low-complex estimator has been proposed, based on only the samples at pilot positions. Additionally, a novel decision-guided strategy is presented, working jointly with the channel-estimation signalling and reducing the variance of the estimation considerably. Also, the stability of the scheme is shown to get significantly better by averaging over a few OFDM symbols. This estimator is efficient against AWGN and multipath fading channels. Simulation results demonstrate that the presented frequency offset correction scheme provides the accuracy required in practical applications for OFDM wireless systems
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| 23. |
- Gonfiotti, A, et al.
(författare)
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Carinal resection
- 2014
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Ingår i: Thoracic surgery clinics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1558-5069 .- 1547-4127. ; 24:4, s. 477-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
- Hashmi, Muhammad Usman, et al.
(författare)
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Concomitant Skew and Phase Correction (CSPC) for Industry 5.0 Enabler Pervasive Distributed Computing Systems
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0098-3063. ; 70:1, s. 1511-1518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synchronizing time among pervasive distributed computing nodes is critical and also a key enabler for proper functioning and coordination in an Industry 5.0 environment. It enables distributed data logging, coordination of distributed algorithms, and event driven interactions in a synchronized manner which is not possible without having a common notion of time in an Industry 5.0 environment. Synchronization ensures that data generated by pervasive nodes is consistent and accurate. Diverse synchronization methods are available, however, these existing methods use multiple timestamp exchanges for correction of clock skew. Concomitant Skew and Phase Correction (CSPC) method proposed in this article uses Phase Embedded and Skew Estimated Timestamp (PESET). In contrary to existing methods, single PESET is sufficient to compute clock skew offset along with phase offset at the receiving node. The experimental results also validate single PESET can be used instead of multiple timestamp exchanges in low latency Industry 5.0 environments. This does not only lead to save the computational resources of the Industry 5.0 environments, also enable them as energy efficient networks.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Nordén, Anna K., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid evolution of sex role specialization in a hermaphrodite under sex-limited selection
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Evolution; international journal of organic evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1558-5646. ; 77:4, s. 1066-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The evolution of separate sexes from hermaphroditism is thought to have occurred independently many times, and may be linked to the evolution of sex chromosomes. Even though we have a good understanding of the theoretical steps in the evolution of sex chromosomes from a hermaphrodite ancestor, the initial stages are still hard to study in animals because many well-studied animal sex chromosome systems are old. We addressed this problem by experimentally selecting a hermaphrodite via sex-limited experimental evolution for several generations, simulating the early stages in the evolution of a sex chromosome. After 14 generations, a fitness assay revealed evidence of incipient sex role specialization in the female-selected lines, presumably reflecting the release from constraints usually imposed by selection on the other sex role. Importantly, however, this was not simply explained by morphology because testis and ovary sizes did not diverge among treatments. There was no evidence of a change in the male-selected lines. Our study shows that sex role specialization can occur rapidly as a result of sex-limited selection, which is consistent with genetic constraints between sex roles, and in line with the first predicted steps toward the evolution of a new sex chromosome system.
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| 27. |
- Kislal, Ahmet Oguz, 1993, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient evaluation of the error probability for pilot-assisted URLLC with Massive MIMO
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. - 0733-8716 .- 1558-0008. ; 41:7, s. 1969-1981
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a numerically efficient method for evaluating the random-coding union bound with parameter s on the error probability achievable in the finite-blocklength regime by a pilot-assisted transmission scheme employing Gaussian code-books and operating over a memoryless block-fading channel. Our method relies on the saddlepoint approximation, which, differently from previous results reported for similar scenarios, is performed with respect to the number of fading blocks (a.k.a. diversity branches) spanned by each codeword, instead of the number of channel uses per block. This different approach avoids a costly numerical averaging of the error probability over the realizations of the fading process and of its pilot-based estimate at the receiver and results in a significant reduction of the number of channel realizations required to estimate the error probability accurately. Our numerical experiments for both single-antenna communication links and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) networks show that, when two or more diversity branches are available, the error probability can be estimated accurately with the saddlepoint approximation with respect to the number of fading blocks using a numerical method that requires about two orders of magnitude fewer Monte-Carlo samples than with the saddlepoint approximation with respect to the number of channel uses per block.
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| 28. |
- Hug, Kristina
(författare)
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Research on Human-animal Entities: Ethical and Regulatory Aspects in Europe.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Stem Cell Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1558-6804. ; 5, s. 181-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To review the ethical and regulatory issues related to the research on human-animal entities at various stages. Review of scientific publications, laws and ethical guidelines in this field up through September 2008. The article presents the overall picture of the research on human-animal entities in Europe, including the public opinion and the country-specific regulations and guidelines regarding such research, discusses the ethical issues, including both arguments opposing and favoring such research, as well as discusses and clarifies the terminology used. Creation of human-animal entities with the potential for what may be viewed as human faculties raises profound questions concerning the rights and responsibilities of human beings. There is great need for informed discussions and interchanges between the expert researchers, ethicists, policymakers, lawyers and the public in general to come to consensus regarding the issues discussed in this paper. Suggestions regarding these rights and responsibilities are overviewed.
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