| 1. |
- Andersson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of OAE-recording as a complementary test method for adults with moderate to profound mental retardation
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 29:2, s. 120-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recording of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) was evaluated as a complementary test method for adults with moderate to profound mental retardation (MR). A portable apparatus, ILO 288 Echoport linked to a Compaq LTE 5100 notebook with software ILO 88 V 4.2, was used. Otoscopy and tympanometry were also performed. Criteria for emissions were S/N 3 dB or more and reproducibility 60% or more for at least three frequency-bands. The criteria for partial emissions were the same, but for only one or two frequencies. Two examiners were needed: one to keep the tested person calm and quiet and the other to handle the keyboard. Thirty-eight people with different degrees of MR in connection with other disabilities were included. They had all exhibited incomplete results in a previous hearing screening of more than 1000 adults with MR. Reproducible transiently evoked OAEs (TEOAE) were recorded from II ears (7 people), partial TEOAEs from 6 ears (4 people) and no emissions from 15 ears (10 people). Registration from 24 ears (13 people) could not be evaluated because of too much external and internal noise. Eight people rejected the examination. Only four people showed emissions in both ears. Accordingly, 34 people (89.5%) had to be re-tested or referred for further investigation, 21 of them (55%) because of noisy recordings or no co-operation. It is concluded that the TEOAE-test in its present form cannot fulfil the demands for a functioning test method for this population. In single cases, however, TEOAE-recording can complement other audiological tests.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Arlinger, Stig, 1939-, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical trial of a digital hearing aid
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 27:1, s. 51-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A clinical trial of Oticon DigiFocus hearing aid was performed. The test aid was evaluated on 33 subjects with several years' experience as users of modern analog hearing aids. These aids were used as reference for the 1-month-long trial. The Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) showed a mean difference in benefit with superior ratings for the test aid concerning ease of communication, speech in reverberation and speech in background noise. The subjects' own aids were rated somewhat better concerning aversiveness of sounds, but this difference was not statistically significant. The Gothenburg Profile showed a statistically significant difference between the test aid and the reference aids in favour of the test aid. The difference was not most evident with regard to speech communication and the effects of hearing loss on social interactions. Sound quality ratings concerning clearness were significantly higher for the test aid. Speech recognition thresholds in noise were on average 0.7 dB better for the test aids when tested at speech levels 60 and 75 dB. The difference was statistically significant only at 75 dB. There was significant interaction between general preference and hearing aid type, indicating that overall sound quality was an important factor affecting the general preference for either the test aid or the reference aid. Twenty-three subjects generally preferred the test aid, six preferred their own aid and four stated no difference.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Arlinger, Stig, 1939-, et al.
(författare)
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Fitting hearing aids to first-time users
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 29:3, s. 150-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical experience indicates that first-time hearing aid users prefer less gain and lower maximum output levels than experienced users. This hypothesis was tested on 20 subjects being fitted with their first aids. The study was double blinded by using a programmable hearing aid, set to either the standard setting according to the manufacturer's software or to reduced gain and maximum output. Half of the subjects started with one hearing aid and half with the other, changing to the other hearing aid after 3 days trial with each setting. At the end of the study, subjects stated preference in specified situations and overall. No significant differences in APHAB, sound quality, estimated communication ability or perceived loudness scores were seen for the two settings. Nine subjects preferred the standard setting, seven the reduced setting and four were undecided. No correlation could be found between preference and audiological variables.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Danermark, Berth, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Social inclusion and career development : transition from upper secondary school to work or post-secondary education among hard of hearing students
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 30:2, s. 120-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the decision process and to analyse the mechanisms involved in the transition from upper secondary education to post-secondary education or the labour market. Sixteen students with sensorioneural hearing loss were selected. Among these eight of the students continued to university and eight did not. Twenty-five per cent of the students were women and the average age was 28 years. The investigation was conducted about 5 years after graduation from the upper secondary school. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The results showed that none of the students came from a family where any or both of the parents had a university or comparable education. The differences in choice between the two groups cannot be explained in terms of social inheritance. Our study indicates that given normal intellectual capacity the level of the hearing loss seems to have no predictive value regarding future educational performance and academic career. The conclusion is that it is of great importance that a hearing impaired pupil with normal intellectual capacity is encouraged and guided to choose an upper secondary educational programme which is orientated towards post-secondary education (instead of a narrow vocational programme). Additional to their hearing impairment and related educational problems, hard of hearing students have much more difficulty than normal hearing peers in coping with changes in intentions and goals regarding their educational career during their upper secondary education.
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| 8. |
- Hällgren, Mathias, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Dichotic speech tests
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 27:Suppl. 49, s. 35-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Larsby, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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A method for evaluating temporal, spectral and combined temporal-spectral resolution of hearing
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 27:1, s. 3-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for evaluating the spectral, temporal and combined spectral temporal resolution of hearing is presented; it was used to obtain masked hearing thresholds using the fixed frequency Békéy technique. The masking noise was a broadband random noise with a 3 dB/octave roll off (pink noise). Spectral resolution was assessed by introducing a spectral gap in the masking noise centered at the test tone frequency. Temporal resolution was assessed by introducing temporal gaps, the centre of which coincided in time with the centre of the test tone-pulses. The spectral and temporal gaps were used either separately or simultaneously. Release of masking values were calculated from masked hearing thresholds. One test group comprised 16 normal-hearing subjects, a second group 16 elderly (age 55-75 years) subjects with normal hearing for their age. Temporal gaps were 20, 50 and 100 ms long. Spectral gaps had a bandwidth of 1/10, 1/3, and 1 octave. Each gap or combination of gaps was tested at the frequencies 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz. Release of masking increased with increasing temporal or spectral gaps. If a temporal gap and a spectral gap were combined, the release of masking increased further. Maximum release of masking was obtained with the 100 ms temporal gap combined with the 1 octave notch filter. The overall difference in release of masking between the young and elderly normal-hearing group was 2 dB.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Niklasson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Audiological disturbances caused by long-term exposure to industrial solvents : Relation to the diagnosis of toxic encephalopathy
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 27:3, s. 131-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty workers, consecutively admitted due to suspicion of solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy (CTE), were investigated with pure-tone audiometry, determination of speech recognition of monosyllabic words and distorted speech and cortical response audiometry (CRA). Eighteen workers not exposed to occupational solvents and noise were also investigated. The scores in the distorted speech test were significantly lower and the CRA latencies were significantly longer in the solvent group than in the control group. There was no difference between the groups in the pure-tone and monosyllabic speech recognition tests. In the solvent group, 19 subjects had one or several pathological audiological test results (values exceeding the mean result of the control group by 2 SD). Independently of the audiological examination all the workers in the solvent group underwent the traditional clinical assessment of CTE, which is based on symptoms, history of exposure, clinical neurological examination and a neuropsychological investigation. They were classified in three groups--CTE, incipient CTE and non-CTE. There was no correlation between these groups and the audiological test results. A previous report on vestibular pathology in the same group of subjects and the present investigation on hearing deficits suggest that long-term exposure to solvents causes disturbances of the central pathways in the otovestibular system. Hitherto, no attention has been paid to these disturbances in the definition of the CTE syndrome.
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| 17. |
- Rönnberg, Jerker, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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A review and evaluation of research on the deaf-blind from perceptual, communicative, social and rehabilitative perspectives
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 30:2, s. 67-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews research on deaf-blind individuals, primarily from behavioral and communicative points of view. Inclusion in the population of deaf-blind is qualified by describing a variety of subgroups and genetically based syndromes associated with deaf-blindness. Sensory assessment procedures - based primarily on residual capacities - are appraised. Consequences for everyday life are described briefly. Non-sensory, alternative classificatory schemes and procedures are presented and the results from behavior modification procedures used for correcting maladaptive behaviors are summarized. Methods for communicating tactilely are described and evaluated. Attention is also drawn to some suggestions regarding learning of alphabetic codes and sign acquisition. Finally, suggestions for future research are proposed.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Rönnberg, Jerker, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Visual cognitive tests, central auditory function and auditory communication
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 29:3, s. 196-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cognitive, text-based test battery, presented as text on a computer screen (TIPS), was used to assess properties of central cognitive processing relevant for visual and audiovisual speech comprehension. TIPS was compared and contrasted with another, purely auditory, battery, ACE, aimed at assessing afferent (A), central (C) and efferent (E) auditory communicative functions. The results show that there is no overlap with the 'A' component, but some overlap between TIPS parameters and the 'C' component, especially when the auditory-language tests are used in the C estimate. However, the TIPS parameters show high correlations with the 'E' component (i.e. measuring output and phonological parameters), suggesting that the efferent component may be composed of an interesting central feature. TIPS parameters do not fare as well in the predictions of the auditory ecological test performances, but the ACE parameters do, especially when organized according to a cognitive complexity parameter. In order to optimize the conceptual and practical benefit of the TIPS and ACE concepts, TIPS needs to be adapted auditorily and ACE tests need to be audiovisual. These developments will become important for ecological audiology.
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| 23. |
- Smeds, K., et al.
(författare)
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Threshold-based fitting methods for non-linear (WDRC) hearing instruments - comparison of acoustic characteristics
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 30:4, s. 213-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six threshold-based prescriptive methods for non-linear hearing instruments were compared for a standard audiogram and three simulated listening situations. Six hearing aids were programmed according to the manufacturers' recommended initial fittings for the specified audiogram. Coupler gain measurements were then made with speech-like signals, and loudness and speech intelligibility index (SII) were calculated. Large differences between estimated insertion gain-frequency responses were seen. These differences resulted in large differences in calculated loudness, whereas the SII calculations showed only small differences between the fitting methods. For two of the methods, DSL[i/o] and FIG6, a comparison between the original prescriptions and the heating aid manufacturers' implementations of the prescriptions was made. The results showed large differences between prescribed and implemented gain.
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| 24. |
- Stenfelt, Stefan, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A bone-anchored hearing aid for patients with pure sensorineural hearing impairment: a pilot study.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian audiology. - : TAYLOR and FRANCIS AS. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 29:3, s. 175-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This pilot study assesses the potential benefits of an optimized bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) for patients with a mild to moderate pure sensorineural high frequency hearing impairment. The evaluation was conducted with eight first-time hearing aid users by means of psycho-acoustic sound field measurements and a questionnaire on subjective experience; all of the patients benefited from the BAHA. On average, the eight patients showed improvement in PTA threshold of 3.4 dB and in speech intelligibility in noise of 14%. Seven of the subjects, also fitted with present standard air conduction hearing aids (ACHA) found the ACHA thresholds to be improved more than the BAHA ones. In speech tests, the ACHA was only slightly better; these patients chose between their different hearing aids according to the sound environment. Although the BAHA was preferred for wearing and sound comfort, it cannot be used as the sole aid for patients with pure sensorineural impairment.
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| 25. |
- Stenfelt, Stefan PY, et al.
(författare)
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A miniaturized artificial mastoid using a skull simulator
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 27:2, s. 67-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A miniaturized artificial mastoid of size and weight that allow calibration and measurement of bone conduction hearing aids in a conventional audiometric soundproof box has been developed. Its level of mechanical impedance corresponds to the standard IEC 373 (1990) within the frequency range 250 Hz to 8 kHz. The miniaturized artificial mastoid consists of three parts: coupler, skull simulator (TU-1000), and an external electrical correction filter. The soupier is a highly damped mass-spring system designed to give the miniaturized artificial mastoid mechanical impedance in accordance with the standard IEC 373 (1990). It was found that the miniaturized artificial mastoid yielded results that are in correspondence with results obtained with the Bruel and Kjaer type 4930 artificial mastoid for frequencies above 350 Hz. Thus, at these frequencies, the miniaturized artificial mastoid can be used for audiometer calibration as well as measurement of bone conduction hearing aids.
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| 26. |
- Stenfelt, Stefan PY, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity to bone-conducted sound : excitation of the mastoid vs the teeth
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 28:3, s. 190-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sensitivity of nine subjects to bone-conducted sound was measured at three positions: osseointegrated percutaneous titanium implants in the temporal bone, the skin-covered mastoid and the teeth. Voltage levels supplied to a bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) transducer and to an Oticon bone-transducer were measured and the thresholds obtained at the three positions were compared. Using the mechanical impedance of the teeth, the parameters of a first order model for the vibration transmission through the teeth was calculated. Also, the equivalent force thresholds were calculated from the voltage threshold levels. The sensitivity to bone-conducted sound, for both voltage and force thresholds, conformed fairly well at the three positions for frequencies below 1 kHz; however, above 1 M-Iz, bone-conducted sound applied at the titanium implant becomes mole sensitive than at the two other positions investigated. It was concluded that the teeth can be used for the application of bone-conducted sound, in particular for pre-operative assessment of a BAHA and to facilitate service and quality control of such a hearing device.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ödkvist, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Audiological and vestibulo-oculomotor findings in workers exposed to solvents and jet fuel
- 1987
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0105-0397 .- 1940-2872. ; 16:2, s. 75-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three groups of subjects with long-term (5-41 years) occupational exposure to industrial solvents have been evaluated with extensive audiological and vestibular test batteries. Group A comprised 16 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of psycho-organic syndrome (POS), while group B consisted of 7 subjects with suspected POS. Both groups had been exposed to mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic solvents. Eight subjects with long-term exposure to jet fuel constituted group C. In the audiological test battery, discrimination of interrupted speech and evoked cortical potentials in response to frequency glides were the tests that yielded significantly abnormal results. In the vestibular test battery, considerable pathology was seen in electronystagmography, and in addition, visual suppression test and saccade test indicated CNS disturbance. In general, when a test yielded pathological results, the incidence of pathology was highest in group A and lowest in group C.
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| 29. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Acupuncture for tinnitus: Time to stop?
- 1996
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY. - : SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS. - 0105-0397. ; 25, s. 273-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 30. |
- ANDERSSON, G, et al.
(författare)
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DEVELOPMENT OF A SHORT SCALE FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT OF EXPERIENCES OF HEARING LOSS
- 1995
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY. - : SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS. - 0105-0397. ; 24:3, s. 147-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A short scale for self-assessment of experiences of hearing impairment-the Hearing Coping Assessment (HCA) was developed and administered to 114 consecutive hearing-impaired patients at a Swedish hearing centre. The scale was evaluated in terms of descri
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Bergman, B, et al.
(författare)
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Vision and hearing in old age
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0105-0397. ; 30:4, s. 255-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Brantberg, Krister, et al.
(författare)
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Symmetry measures of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials using objective detection criteria
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1708-8186. ; 30:3, s. 189-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) has been put forward as a test to evaluate the symmetry of saccular function. In the present study, the symmetry of VEMP was evaluated in 23 healthy subjects using automatic analysis. In response to binaural clicks with a stimulus repetition rate of 4/s all subjects revealed significant VEMP on both sides. The ipsilateral response to monaural clicks was similar to the response to binaural clicks. Although there were large interindividual variations in amplitude, there were only small variations in latency. VEMP measurements were also assessed using different stimulus rates. At the higher stimulus rates there was a decrease in the VEMP amplitude but there were only small changes in the latency. These findings might suggest that amplitude measures are more likely than latency measures to reveal small vestibular lesions.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Grenner, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of wind noise in four hearing instruments
- 2000
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0105-0397. ; 29:3, s. 171-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wind noise was measured in four behind-the-ear hearing instruments with different microphone openings. A silent airflow of 7 m/s was directed toward the ear of a Kemar head and the resulting wind noise was measured. The amplification was set to an insertion gain of 35 dB at 1.6 kHz. The wind noise amplitude at the position of the drum ranged from 84 to 97 dB(A). The hearing instrument with a partially covered microphone entrance proved best, whereas one with an open microphone entrance had the poorest performance. A reduction in wind noise of 6-17 dB could be achieved in all hearing instruments by using a simple windscreen made of Styrofoam. The windscreen affected the frequency response by less than 2 dB. By subtracting the insertion gain from the wind noise, an equivalent wind noise could be presented as a function of frequency. A considerable difference was found between the wind noise sensitivity in different hearing instruments. All could be improved by a windscreen without adversely affecting the frequency response.
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| 44. |
- Grenner, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Hearing thresholds in four-year-old children with weak or no transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0105-0397. ; 26:2, s. 107-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Play audiometry is part of the general developmental screening covering 4-year-old children in the city of Malmo (Sweden). In an open study, 10% of the cohort was tested with transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs), using the ILO88 system. The aim was to reveal a hearing loss exceeding 25 dB HL in 4-year-old children. As the first step in determining whether emissions can be used as an efficient method of screening for hearing loss, 295 children were tested with TEOAEs. Audiometry was performed in 160 children. Audiometry was not performed if the TEOAEs were strong (> or = 10 dB SPL) in both ears. In the group with TEOAEs of 8.8dB SPL or greater, all ears tested with audiometry had a pure-tone average (PTA) of 25 dB HL or better. Twenty-one percent of the ears had TEOAEs < or = 0 dB SPL. Only 9% of the ears had a hearing threshold exceeding 25 dB HL (PTA). In conclusions, the number of pathological TEOAE results was much larger than the number of pathological audiograms, making TEOAEs too sensitive to use as a single screening test, but the method may be used as first-line screening.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hägnebo, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of vertigo, hearing impairment and tinnitus on the daily life of meniere patients
- 1997
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN AUDIOLOGY. - : SCANDINAVIAN UNIVERSITY PRESS. - 0105-0397. ; 26:2, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this questionnaire study was to investigate the impact of the symptoms in Meniere's disease on the daily life of patients and to analyse the relationships between the cardinal symptoms and environmental, emotional and activity factors. The stu
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| 50. |
- Jönsson, Radoslava, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory function in 70- and 75-year-olds of four age cohorts. A cross-sectional and time-lag study of presbyacusis.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian audiology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0105-0397. ; 27:2, s. 81-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the framework of the gerontological and geriatric population studies in Göteborg, Sweden, 473 elderly persons were examined using pure-tone audiometry in two recent cohorts. The aim of this study was to present cross-sectionally acquired hearing data in these contemporary groups aged 70 and 75. Another objective was to compare hearing function at the same age over the last two decades (time-lag study) in three 70-year-old cohorts and three 75-year-old cohorts. The largest time-lags were 14 years (75-year-olds) and 21 years (70-year-olds). The most recently tested cohort of 70-year-olds, studied in 1992, demonstrated median pure-tone averages (PTA: 0.5, 1 and 2 kHz) of 20.2 dB HL in the left ear of men and 18.2 dB HL in women. The left median pure-tone thresholds at 4 kHz were 56.0 dB HL in men and 34.7 dB HL in women. Hearing acuity in 70-year-olds was not demonstrated to have changed in any consistent fashion over a 21-year time-lag. For the most recently evaluated 75-year-olds, the median PTA in the left ear was 27.3 dB HL in men and 21.6 dB in women. The left median 4 kHz threshold was 67.3 in the male group and 45.5 dB HL in the female group. Hearing in 75-year-olds over a time-lag of 14 years demonstrated somewhat better pure-tone thresholds predominantly in the men's better ear in the earliest cohort when compared to the cohort tested in 1990-91. However, there were no consistent differences of pure-tone thresholds between these age cohorts, except for the intermediate cohort 2, in which the men had generally worse hearing. Thus, there was no apparent evidence of changes of the auditory function in elderly of the same age over the last two decades. Gender-specific dissimilarities in annual pure-tone threshold deterioration between the ages of 70 and 75 were found and are discussed.
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