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- Yadav, Manisha, et al.
(författare)
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Cysteine proteinase 30 (CP30) and antibody response to CP30 in serum and vaginal washes of symptomatic and asymptomatic Trichomonas vaginalis-infected women
- 2007
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Ingår i: Parasite Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3024 .- 0141-9838. ; 29:7, s. 359-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis may be asymptomatic or with symptoms suggestive of vaginitis. Because cysteine proteinase 30 (CP30) of T. vaginalis is known to be a virulence marker that plays a role in cytoadherence, the aim of this study was to analyse the presence of CP30 and antibody to CP30 in clinical samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic infected women. CP30 was detected in all the serum and vaginal washes (VWs) of symptomatic women and in 65% of the serum and 80% of the VWs of asymptomatic women. This suggested that the majority of asymptomatic women also exhibit CP30 in the serum and VWs. Antibody to CP30 was detected in all the serum samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic women and in the VWs of only 54.5% of the symptomatic and 35% of the asymptomatic women. Antibody to CP30 was also detected in 3/20 of the serum samples and in none of the VWs from uninfected women. Significantly higher amounts of antibody (mean OD values) were observed in serum and VWs of symptomatic as compared to asymptomatic and healthy women (P<0.001). These results indicate that besides CP30, other factors may also be playing a role in leading to symptomatic infection, because CP30 was detected in clinical samples from all the symptomatic and the majority of the asymptomatic women. Although anti-CP30 antibodies do not appear to be protective, detection of antibody to CP30 antigen in serum samples may be used as a diagnostic tool.
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| 2. |
- Awah, Nancy, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies to the Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry protein RAP-2/RSP-2 in relation to anaemia in Cameroonian children
- 2011
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Ingår i: Parasite immunology (Print). - : Wiley. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 33:2, s. 104-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have implicated reactive antibodies to the low molecular weight rhoptry-associated proteins (RAP-1, RAP-2/RSP-2 and RAP-3) in erythroid cell destruction during Plasmodium falciparum infection. In this pilot study, the frequency, specificity and functional capacity of naturally acquired anti-RAP-2/RSP-2 antibodies were investigated in the sera of anaemic and nonanaemic malaria-infected Cameroonian children. All sera recognized RAP-2/RSP-2 by FACS, irrespective of the clinical status of the subjects. However, the anaemic children showed higher levels of IgG antibodies than the nonanaemic group, while both groups showed similar levels of IgM antibodies. Only few individuals had detectable levels of RAP-2/RSP-2-specific IgG1 and IgG3 subclass antibodies, while no IgG2 and IgG4 subclass antibodies were detected in these subjects. By ELISA, the anaemic group tended to show higher levels of antibodies to RAP-2/RSP-2 regarding all antibody classes tested, except for IgG4 and IgE. Unexpectedly, sera from the nonanaemic group activated complement to a greater extent than those from the anaemic group. These results need to be confirmed in extended studies but indicate that the effector functions of the RAP-2/RSP-2-reactive antibodies may be more important than their amounts. Such antibodies could play a role in both immunity and pathogenesis during P. falciparum infection.
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| 11. |
- Tangteerawatana, P., et al.
(författare)
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Differential regulation of IgG subclasses and IgE antimalarial antibody responses in complicated and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria
- 2007
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Ingår i: Parasite immunology (Print). - Oxford : Blackwell Science. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 29:9, s. 475-483
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the immunoglobulin (Ig)-subclass distribution of antimalarial antibody responses in 110 and 169 Thai patients with complicated and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, respectively. Antimalarial plasma IgG subclasses and IgE antibody levels against a crude malaria blood stages, and antigen preparation were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). On admission, the levels of anti-P. falciparum IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 were significantly lower in patients with complicated malaria than uncomplicated malaria (IgG1, P < 0.0001; IgG2, P < 0.0001; IgG3, P < 0.0001). The levels of antimalarial IgE were slightly lower, but not statistically significant (P = 0.389) in the complicated malaria. After adjusting all antibody levels and age, anti-P. falciparum IgG3 levels remained significantly associated with complicated malaria. None of the other antibody concentrations showed statistically significant associations with complicated malaria. The anti-P. falciparum IgG3 levels were related to the IgG1 as well as IgG2 levels. A correlation between anti-P. falciparum IgG2 and IgE was observed in the complicated malaria group, and this may indicate their roles in the severity of disease. Our data suggest that anti-P. falciparum IgG3 is associated with a reduced risk of complicated malaria and that antimalarial Ig-subclasses are differently regulated in patients with complicated and uncomplicated malaria.
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- Boström, Stephanie, et al.
(författare)
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Neutrophil alterations in pregnancy-associated malaria and induction of neutrophil chemotaxis by Plasmodium falciparum
- 2017
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Ingår i: Parasite immunology (Print). - : Wiley. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 39:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is a severe form of the disease caused by sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in the developing placenta. Pathogenesis of PAM is partially based on immunopathology, with frequent monocyte infiltration into the placenta. Neutrophils are abundant blood cells that are essential for immune defence but may also cause inflammatory pathology. Their role in PAM remains unclear. We analysed neutrophil alterations in the context of PAM to better understand their contribution to disease development. Pregnant women exposed to Plasmodium falciparum had decreased numbers of circulating neutrophils. Placental-like BeWo cells stimulated with malaria parasites produced the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8 and recruited neutrophils in a trans-well assay. Finally, immunostaining of a PAM placenta confirmed neutrophil accumulation in the intervillous space. Our data indicate neutrophils may play a role in placental malaria and should be more closely examined as an etiological agent in the pathophysiology of disease.
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- Goodier, M R, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine profiles for human V gamma 9+ T cells stimulated by Plasmodium falciparum.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Parasite immunology (Print). - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 17:8, s. 413-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- V gamma 9+ T cells from malaria non-exposed donors make proliferative responses to Plasmodium falciparum on in vitro stimulation. V gamma 9+ cells are strongly activated by components of the schizont stage of the parasite and by antigens released into the culture upon schizogony, while CD4+V gamma 9- cells are stimulated by the earlier stages of the parasite. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we determined mRNA expression for 14 cytokines in highly purified V gamma 9+ cells enriched by positive selection after in vitro stimulation with P. falciparum schizont antigens. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected in all samples tested. The majority of samples also expressed TNF-beta, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Only occasional samples expressed IL-2, IL-5 and IL-10. Using the ELISPOT assay we found that a large fraction of the reactive V gamma 9+ cells produced IFN-gamma and that gamma delta T cells are the major producers of IFN-gamma in cultures stimulated with schizont antigens. The majority of V gamma 9+ cells in these cultures also express the membrane-bound form of TNF-alpha. Expression of these cytokines speaks for a cytolytic and/or inflammatory role of gamma delta cells in the response to malaria in non-exposed individuals.
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- Hellman, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine responses to various larval stages of equine strongyles and modulatory effects of the adjuvant G3 in vitro
- 2020
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Ingår i: Parasite Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims To generate different larval stages ofStrongylus vulgarisand to study cytokine responses in cultures of eqPBMC exposed to defined larval stages ofS. vulgarisand cyathostomins with the aim to understand the early immune reaction to these parasites. Methods and results EqPBMC were exposed toS. vulgarislarvae (L3, exsheated L3 and L4) and cyathostomin L3 and analysed for cytokine gene expression. Procedures for decontamination, culturing and attenuation of larvae were established. Transcription of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 was induced by bothS. vulgarisand cyathostomin L3. Moulting ofS. vulgarisfrom L3 to L4 stage was accompanied by a shift to high expression of IL-5 and IL-9 (exsheated L3 and L4) and IFN-gamma (L4 only). In parallel, the adjuvant G3 modified the cytokine profile induced by both parasites by reducing the expression of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 while concomitantly enhancing the expression of IFN-gamma. Conclusion The L4 stage ofS. vulgarisgenerated a cytokine profile different from that induced by the earlier L3 stage ofS. vulgarisand cyathostomins. This diversity depending on the life cycle stage will have implications for the choice of antigen and adjuvant in future vaccine design.
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| 20. |
- Holmgren, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells during Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in calves
- 2014
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Ingår i: Parasite Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 36, s. 78-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to monitor local cytokine responses to Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves during primary infection and re-infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected weekly from experimentally infected calves and interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN- mRNA expression was quantified in BALF cells. The major finding was a prominent transient increase in IL-4 mRNA expression, compared with that of uninfected calves, observed in BALF cells collected 2-3weeks post-primary D.viviparus infection. At 2weeks post-infection, macroscopic worms were also first observed in BALF. Calves re-infected after 10weeks were partially immune which was evident at slaughter 5weeks post-infection as a lower worm burden than in previously naive calves infected at the same time. IL-4 mRNA expression in BALF cells 2weeks post-re-infection was increased compared with that of uninfected animals but not as high as that of primarily infected calves. BALF cell expression of the other cytokines tested for was not as clearly effected by the D.viviparus infection. It seems likely that the strong IL-4 response observed during primary infection reflects an innate response to the worms that may initiate an ensuing Th2 response, which confers protective immunity.
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| 27. |
- Demiri, M., et al.
(författare)
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Distinct DC subsets regulate adaptive Th1 and 2 responses during Trichuris muris infection
- 2017
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Ingår i: Parasite Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0141-9838. ; 39:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low- and high-dose infections with the murine large intestinal nematode Trichuris muris are associated with induction of adaptive Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Classical dendritic cells (cDC) accumulate in the large intestinal mucosa and MLN upon T. muris infection, yet their role in driving adaptive responses to infection remains largely unknown. We performed low- and high-dose T. muris infections of mice deficient in defined cDC subsets to investigate their role in induction of adaptive immune responses. Mice lacking IRF4-dependent cDC failed to clear a high-dose infection and displayed impaired Th2 responses. Conversely, mice lacking IRF8-dependent cDC cleared a low-dose infection and displayed an impaired Th1 response while increased production of Th2 cytokines. Finally, mice lacking both IRF4- and IRF8-dependent cDC were able to generate a Th2 response and clear a low-dose infection. Collectively, these results suggest that IRF4- and IRF8-dependent cDC act antagonistically during T. muris infection, and demonstrate that intestinal Th2 responses can be generated towards T. muris in the absence of IRF4-dependent cDC.
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