| 1. |
- Adevi, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Preferences for Landscapes: A Matter of Cultural Determinants or Innate Reflexes that Point to Our Evolutionary Background?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 37, s. 27-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two different theories exist relating to preferences for landscapes: 1) people prefer certain types of landscape independent of their cultural and ethnic background-preferences are innate; 2) people prefer landscapes experienced during childhood regardless of their appearance owing to learned conceptions-preferences are determined by culture. Our aim was to evaluate relationships among preferences for landscapes and childhood landscapes. Results are based on a questionnaire sent out at random to 2000 people in Sweden, and on a qualitative study comprising 19 people. They show that people: i) feel more at home in the type of landscape they grew up in and more often choose to settle down in this type of landscape, even if they have moved from their childhood region; ii) prefer qualities connected to childhood landscapes. However, some of these qualities, those suggested to be innate, are more preferred than others. In conclusion, people prefer landscapes experienced during childhood, but seem to attach more easily to qualities that are suggested to have an innate significance.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Boda, Chad
(författare)
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The politics of landscape creation in the history of development along Florida's Atlantic coast
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-9710 .- 0142-6397. ; 42:4, s. 361-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The politics of landscape production involve questions about the power to define what landscape means, who or what belongs to landscape and who or what belongs in landscape. Asserting the right to participate in landscape production and thus to help steer landscape along desirable development pathways remains a core component of landscape politics and grows in importance as many societies experience widespread citizen withdrawal from engagement in political processes. In this article, I review the history of landscape production in Florida, USA, to reveal the interrelated consequences of adjustments in political economy, administration, land use, and spatial representations for future landscape development. In particular, my analysis of the strategic contestation of undesirable development in the production of the local landscape in a small coastal community highlights the increasing need to engage strategically in the politics of landscape production in the pursuit of socially and environmentally desirable landscapes the world over.
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| 4. |
- Busse Nielsen, Anders
(författare)
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Are Perceived Sensory Dimensions a Reliable Tool for Urban Green Space Assessment and Planning?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 40, s. 834-854
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental psychologists have developed varying methods for landscape assessment according to how it is perceived and experienced. In the Nordic countries, eight perceived sensory dimensions are increasingly being used as a methodological framework for expert assessments. These are serene, nature, rich in species, space, prospect, refuge, social and culture. Using an onsite questionnaire distributed to green space visitors in Helsingborg, Sweden, this study is the first to examine the representation of the eight sensory dimensions in different types of urban green spaces as experienced by lay people and their relationships with green space attributes. The results showed that (1) prospect then serene and space were the most common, and culture and social the least; (2) the experience of the sensory dimensions varied across the six study sites and was related to their diversity of biotopes and overall size; and (3) respondent experience of the sensory dimensions was consistent across gender, age and frequency and type of recreational use. These results grant legitimacy to the method in assessment and mapping of recreational experience of urban green space.
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| 5. |
- Busse Nielsen, Anders
(författare)
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The representation of time: addressing a theoretical flaw in landscape architecture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 44, s. 997-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the representation of time within landscape architecture. While change is an everyday part of landscape, the lack of a theoretical framework or accepted best practice for the representation of time arguably affects landscape architecture's position in today's society, where flexibility and dynamics are key. The representation of time was explored in a 'design experiment' with landscape architecture students using the case of Hojstrup Parken. Rather than producing one optimum proposal, the experiment revealed different ways of integrating time into traditional drawing types, while new drawing types allowed other sophisticated representations. Some are of relevance for competition entries, others for technical drawings or management prescriptions, and others for user involvement. We conclude that the introduction of temporal representations in addition to spatial representations in the taxonomical system for representation could enrich understanding of the landscape, assessment of existing landscape designs, and the creation of new designs.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Butler, Andrew
(författare)
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Dynamics of integrating landscape values in landscape character assessment: the hidden dominance of the objective outsider
- 2016
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 41, s. 239-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While there has been extensive research undertaken on the values which insiders attribute to landscape there is a lack of literature which looks at how planning professionals handle landscape values. In this article, I develop a framework for questioning how landscape values are taken up in landscape planning, with the aim of conceptualising what landscape values mean in practice. This is undertaken through addressing landscape assessment, more specifically analysing how landscape character assessment (LCA) represents a critical point in the framing of landscape values. Through a synthesis of research on landscape values I examine the underlying logic of the LCA documents. I conclude that the values communicated in these assessments tend to be those of ‘objective' outside experts, predominantly based on aesthetics and focusing on the physicality of landscape. This I argue leads to a questioning the legitimacy of the LCA approach.
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| 8. |
- Butler, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Foraging for identity : the relationships between landscape activities and landscape identity after catastrophic landscape change
- 2019
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Routledge. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 44:3, s. 303-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we deal with landscape activities in relation to changing landscape identity after a major wildfire in Sweden in 2014. The aim was to investigate the relationships between 22 landscape activities (before the fire) and 2 components (emotion and cognition) of landscape identity (before and after the fire). A total of 656 respondents living nearby the fire area participated in this study. Before the fire, a positive association was found between the activities of enjoying nature and foraging, and both components of landscape identity. This suggests that the more participants enjoyed nature and picked berries and mushrooms, the stronger their attachment to the landscape (emotion), and the more they remembered and reasoned about the landscape (cognition). Post fire, these relationships were found only between the two components of landscape identity and foraging. This implies a significant role of this type of activity for keeping alive' landscape identity.
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| 9. |
- Butler, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape Character Assessment as an Approach to Understanding Public Interests within the European Landscape Convention
- 2014
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 39, s. 219-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Landscape Convention's (ELC) definition of landscape, "an area, as perceived by people...'', places the public central to any understanding of landscape. This paper argues for 'just' involvement of the public and looks at how the focus of landscape as a perceived entity has been taken up within Landscape Character Assessment (LCA), an approach applied in England and Scotland for implementing the ELC. Based on a conceptual framework grounded in perception as a phenomenological experience of landscape and informed by principles of participation, LCAs from 2007 to 2011 have been assessed as to how public involvement has been considered. The results show that only a quarter of all assessments accessed involved the public, and that among these there is great disparity in the degree to which the public is engaged.
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| 10. |
- Butler, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape identity, before and after a forest fire
- 2018
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Routledge. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 43:6, s. 878-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our identity is tied to where we are and how we engage with the landscapes in which we find ourselves. But what happens if the landscape which we use for our everyday life is drastically altered by a catastrophic upheaval, for example, when forest fires ravage the landscape? In this paper, interviews with individuals affected by the largest forest fire in modern Swedish history are used to exemplify our conceptualisation of how landscape identity is impacted by dramatic change. We address the phases of stability, change and progression in relation to the case. Finally, we propose that landscape identity can be utilised as a central concept for engaging with the social aspects of the impact of forest fires.
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| 11. |
- Butler, Andrew
(författare)
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Landscape's physiognomic structure: conceptual development and practical applications
- 2018
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 43, s. 410-427
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The past decade has seen an increased interest in approaches for the identification and assessment of landscapes, which has been, in part, a response to the European Landscape Convention (ELC). In this article, we review landscape physiognomy, an important component of the Polish approach to the assessment and identification of its landscape. We address the relevance of physiognomy both in relation to the ELC and to the landscape character assessments approach, and then explore the theoretical basis of landscape physiognomic structure. We also expand the existing classification of landscape interiors; this is followed by combining three approaches: (1) physical geography in the field of comprehensive classification of natural landscapes; (2) landscape ecology studies on the spatial structure of land cover patches against the landscape matrix' and (3) the theory of landscape interiors. Presented ideas create the outline of the concept of landscape's physiognomic structure.
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| 12. |
- Calderon, Camilo
(författare)
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Politicising the landscape: a theoretical contribution towards the development of participation in landscape planning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 45, s. 152-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we engage with the topic of public participation in landscape planning. Academic discussions and policy rhetoric tend to build on a conceptualisation of landscape as a democratic entity, yet practices of participatory landscape planning often fall short of these ideals. Most scholars approach this rhetoric-practice gap from procedural and normative positions, defining what makes a successful participatory process. We take an alternative approach, scrutinising the role of landscape planning theory in participatory shortcomings, and reveal how poor substantive theorisation of 'the political' nature of landscapes contributes to the difficulties in realising participatory ideals. We engage theoretically with the political dimension, conceptualising and explaining the implications that differences, conflicts and power relations have for participation in landscape planning, that is, politicising the landscape. This theoretical engagement helps bring about a much-needed realignment of substantive theory, procedural theory and practice for developing participation in landscape planning.
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| 13. |
- Caretta, Martina Angela, et al.
(författare)
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Local residents’ lived experiences of energy sprawl in West Virginia. A visual exploration of landscape change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-9710 .- 0142-6397. ; 48:6, s. 841-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- West Virginia, sitting fully in the eastern US region of Appalachia, has a long history of resource extraction, including salt, timber, coal and oil. In the late 2000s, gas became another popular resource, obtained through hydraulic fracturing. The once-hilly landscape has been flattened, valleys have been filled, and caves have been dug all because of extraction. In this photo essay we document the latest manifestation of landscape change that local communities have experienced: pipeline development. Pipelines have been put in place across the state, given ever-improving hydraulic fracturing technology and subsequent national and international consumption that requires transportation. This photo essay shows the landscape changes that West Virginia has undergone through the eyes and words of residents. We present data gathered through 33 interviews and visual methods that illustrate the destruction of scenery and memories through erosion, as well as everyday challenges to property access during construction.
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| 14. |
- Cerwén, Gunnar
(författare)
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Urban soundscapes: a quasi-experiment in landscape architecture
- 2016
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 41, s. 481-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soundscapes are becoming increasingly recognised as significant for sustainable development, since they involve issues of health and quality of life. With this in mind, the present study aims to further our understanding of how urban soundscapes can be altered through design of outdoor space. The study took the form of a quasi-experiment on an urban square, involving sound screens covered with ivy to form a small arbour. Assessment was effected using a mixed-method approach that included measurements of sound pressure levels as well as self-reports from (in total) 205 visitors (198 questionnaires and 9 semi-structured interviews were used for analysis). The findings reveal that the arbour improved the soundscape. This effect was further enhanced when forest sounds were added through loudspeakers, underlining the importance of qualitative considerations. The study additionally highlights potential applications of soundscape design, by examining a number of issues encountered during the project in relation to landscape architecture.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Costello, Eugene
(författare)
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Hill farmers, habitats and time : the potential of historical ecology in upland management and conservation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 45:8, s. 951-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article responds to calls for the historical sciences to inform adaptation in the Anthropocene, in this case, the sustainability of hill farming in view of EU habitat conservation. Focusing on Kerry, Ireland, it highlights the difficulties that conservation of upland bog, heath and grassland habitats faces due to rural depopulation. It then uses landscape history to assess the long-term feasibility of conserving/restoring these habitats according to EU directives, pointing to the remarkably recent disappearance of woodland due to grazing and deforestation. Instead of being 'traditional', as conservation discourse holds it to be, historical management of uplands by farmers could vary greatly depending on socio-political factors and economic trends. I discuss how this historical ecology of change helps to explain the failure of conservation in parts of Ireland, and outline how 'lessons from the past' may contribute to sustainable upland management if co-evolution is accepted as an on-going process.
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| 17. |
- Crumley, Carole L.
(författare)
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Historical ecology and the study of landscape
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 42, s. S65-S73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical ecology is a practical framework for studying the management history of landscapes and how such knowledge can inform and help envision their durable futures. Combining evidence from the biological and physical sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities, historical ecology employs a broad spectrum of concepts and methods. The study of landscape of southwestern Burgundy (in central France) is an early example of this comprehensive approach to the combined study of human history with that of environments.
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| 18. |
- Crumley, Carole L., et al.
(författare)
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Studying long-term changes in cultural landscapes : outlines of a research framework and protocol
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 42:8, s. 880-890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Applied historical landscape research often takes place under the umbrella of sustainability issues and sustainability research, but now includes both environmental sustainability and community resilience. This confronts the study of cultural landscapes with new issues and challenges such as how to utilize long-term and more recent perspectives, and to integrate economic, cultural and ecological drivers of landscape change. A key question is how to make landscape studies relevant for both contemporary landscape services and future landscape changes. We propose a new framework for study that combines insights from landscape biography, historical ecology and systems theory. It presents a protocol' for exploratory research with premises and operational principles, and argues for geodesign in connecting environmental issues, heritage practices and question-driven historical analysis. The framework and protocol are based on recent research within the European Community's Seventh Framework project Sustainable Futures for Europe's Heritage in Cultural Landscapes (HERCULES).
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| 19. |
- Dovlén, Sylvia
(författare)
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A relational approach to the implementation of the European Landscape Convention in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 41, s. 950-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Landscape Convention (ELC) aims to promote landscape protection, management and planning and to organise European cooperation on landscape issues. The introduction of the ELC in 2000 created a need for further theoretical work within the field of landscape research, which has historically provided a weak theoretical basis for policy implementation. In this study, a relational approach was used to investigate the ongoing ELC implementation process in Sweden, illustrating government dynamics and highlighting efforts to transform discourses and practices. The conceptual framework used comprised three analytical components (policy community, policy meaning and strategy-making practice) and the relational approach was applied at national, regional and local policy levels. The results revealed both progress and obstacles to ELC implementation in Sweden and confirmed the usefulness of the relational approach.
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| 20. |
- Emmelin, Lars
(författare)
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Landscape Impact Analysis : a systematic approach to landscape impacts of policy
- 1996
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 21:1, s. 13-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for analysis of landscape impacts has been developed and applied to policy analysis in Sweden and Norway. The method uses scenario techniques to solve the methodological problem om lack of specificity of policies and programmes. The paper describes the main steps of the method and show an example of the application to assessemnt of the impact of policy instruments in Norwegian agricultural policy.
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| 21. |
- Eriksson, Ove, et al.
(författare)
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Niche construction, entanglement and landscape domestication in Scandinavian infield systems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 42:1, s. 78-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Domesticated landscapes are formed by complex social and ecological interactions. We study present-day remnants of species-rich hay meadows and pastures in Scandinavia, with historical roots in former infield systems', initially developed during the first centuries AD and maintained until the modernisation of agriculture during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Infield systems include infields, enclosed areas near farms incorporating hay meadows and crop fields, and surrounding outlying land used mainly for grazing. We interpret the development of Scandinavian infield systems and their relationship to vegetation and human culture using concepts of niche construction and entanglement. A key issue revolves around spatio-temporal stabilisation of managed grasslands, in turn related to a complex of interactions between cultural development (e.g. perceptions of land ownership and management practices) and ecological patterns (e.g. species richness). We propose that niche construction and entanglement are useful concepts bridging studies in social history and ecology, and for developing conservation programmes in cultural landscapes.
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| 22. |
- Fredholm, Susanne, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Conservation of historical landscapes: What signifies ‘successful’ management?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 43:5, s. 735-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 Landscape Research Group Ltd This paper focuses on the management of an industrial heritage site in Sweden, which local stakeholders and heritage planners have claimed to be successful. This status of excellence is investigated in relation to the general, county-wide applied heritage planning. The results show that key factors for successful management of the industrial heritage site are not related only to conservation work, but also to personal engagement, sense of responsibility, and well-being among participants. However, heritage planners generally lack methods to address immaterial values and socio-economic benefits of engaging in heritage activities, resulting in a separation between physical and communal aspects of heritage planning. The results highlight the issue of professional legitimacy and the challenges for heritage planners to address regional policy objectives, such as finding ways to utilise historic landscapes in destination-driven strategies and to simultaneously support civil engagement in heritage-related issues.
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| 23. |
- Goudriaan, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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A narrative approach to the formation of place attachments in landscapes of expanding renewable energy technology
- 2023
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Routledge. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 48:4, s. 594-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable energy technologies are expanding in rural landscapes, where they are changing the character and meaning of place. This study explores the experience of living and recreating in proximity to landscapes undergoing this development, namely in a Swedish municipality where a major wind park is located. Using place attachment, it addresses how people construct meaning around places of everyday life through stories of their experience of place. Results show that individuals form coherent narratives of the past, present and future of places undergoing transformation. Stories of experiences of renewable energy technology and their impact on landscape relate to persisting feelings of rootedness, changing land-use activities and hope for a sustainable future. Place attachments are a form of social action as their formulation enables people to deal with change and embrace discourses of sustainability. Results highlight the discourses and practices that rural dwellers adopt in the wake of renewable energy transitions.
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| 24. |
- Grahn, Patrik
(författare)
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Differently Designed Parts of a Garden Support Different Types of Recreational Walks: Evaluating a Healing Garden by Participatory Observation
- 2012
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 37, s. 519-537
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By participatory observation the researchers have observed when and where patients choose to walk while they were undergoing a treatment program for stress related diseases in a healing garden. The aim was to deepen the knowledge on environment-behaviour relations needed when designing gardens, parks, public open spaces and especially therapeutic environments. The purpose was to explore how patients use and interact with this therapeutic setting by looking at behaviour and location. This can be viewed as a kind of qualitative evaluation of the design of the garden. Depending on people's need and intentions, two main types of recreational walks (Introvert and Extrovert walks) have been observed, each with three sub-groups. These walks take place in different parts of the garden having different characteristics, confirming the need for knowledge on the relation between the design of green spaces and the activities this stimulates.
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| 25. |
- Haaland, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Farmland for Multifunctionality
- 2011
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 36, s. 41-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multifunctionality has become a major objective of European agricultural policy. However, recent research concerning the multifunctionality of agriculture has focused on economic, production or abiotic factors and has paid less attention to biotic, landscape and social aspects. In addition, relationships in the form of trade-offs between different landscape values such as biodiversity, cultural heritage, recreation and aesthetics have been little studied. This case study of a farm in southern Sweden explores the synergies and conflicts that can arise between these landscape values when planning at the farm scale. The results demonstrated that it was not easy to integrate the considered landscape values in practice, though we are often asked for them in policy documents. From the case study, we developed some general relationshipssynergies and conflictsbetween biodiversity, cultural heritage, recreation and aesthetics that can occur when improving multifunctionality on farmland. We combined methods originating from the natural sciences and the design traditions of landscape architecture to analyse and develop assessments of landscape values with the aim of improving multifunctionality by integrating these values. Finally, we discuss how the design approach of landscape architects can contribute to developing multifunctional farm plans and how the design process results in farm-specific solutions.
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| 26. |
- Hagen, Dagmar, et al.
(författare)
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Communicative Approaches to Restoration Ecology : a case study from Dovre Mountain and Svalbard, Norway
- 2002
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Carfax. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 27:4, s. 359-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extensive damage to arctic and alpine landscapes raises the question of resoration as a management strategy. Social science and planning concepts and methods are needed to handle the value judgements in resoration. Restoration of two areas was investigated using qualitative and participatory methods. Four possible restoration scenarios were investigated.
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| 27. |
- Hahn, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape heterogeneity correlates with recreational values : a case study from Swedish agricultural landscapes and implications for policy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 43:5, s. 696-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agri-environmental schemes are often targeted at heterogenic landscapes to support several ecosystem services besides food production. The question is whether heterogenic landscapes also support recreation values. Previous studies suggest this but statistical analysis of the relation between heterogeneity and recreation is lacking. To assess this, we used a quantitative Landscape Heterogeneity Index (LHI), developed for biodiversity conservation. We asked five different user groups to score 12 photographs of landscapes depicting different LHI. All user groups, especially conservationists and hunters, preferred the heterogeneous landscapes and this difference was statistically significant for all groups except farmers. Accessibility, in terms of roads, had no obvious impact on the recreational value conveyed by the photos. The paper provides evidence that the recreational value amplifies biodiversity-based values of heterogeneous landscapes and argues that such landscapes also provide resilience and insurance value buffering against unexpected risks. Implications for policy are discussed.HIGHLIGHTSRecreational value was positively correlated to landscape heterogeneity.This correlation was statistically significant for all user groups except farmers.Accessibility, in terms of roads, had no obvious impact on the recreational value.The multi-functionality of heterogeneous agricultural landscapes including resilience and the insurance value should be better acknowledged in policy.
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| 28. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape perception : linking physical monitoring data to perceived landscape properties
- 2020
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Routledge. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 45:2, s. 179-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the landscape affect not only people’s well-being but also how people perceive and use the landscape. An increasing number of policies have highlighted the importance of conserving a landscape’s recreational and aesthetical values. This study develops and evaluates a model that links people’s perceptions of a mountain landscape to physical monitoring data. Using a questionnaire, we revealed how respondents working with the Swedish mountains characterise the Magnificent Mountain landscape (as defined by Swedish policy objectives) and translated these characteristics into data from the National Inventory of Landscapes in Sweden (NILS). We found 14 potential indicators that could be derived from the existing NILS physical monitoring data and which could be used to monitor changes in the landscape values as perceived by people. Based on the results, we suggest how to simultaneously utilise field sampling of physical data and field photos to provide temporal information about landscape perception.
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| 29. |
- Higgins, Lindsey, et al.
(författare)
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Lake extent changes in Basotu, Tanzania : a mixed-methods approach to understanding the impacts of anthropogenic influence and climate variability
- 2019
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 44:1, s. 35-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incompatible land use is a major contributor to ecosystem degradation, and is often exacerbated by climate change impacts. We investigate Lake Basotu, Tanzania as a case study where natural lake variability has been affected by agricultural land use. Comparisons between a satellite-derived history of lake surface area, local precipitation records, and corresponding anthropogenic activity show the impacts of agricultural and historical practices. We argue that insufficient consideration to the wider ecological impacts of large agricultural projects has lasting implications. This is particularly true in semi-arid environments where food production demands need to be continuously met. In the future, major conservation strategies should be investigated to maintain the environmental integrity and sustainability of freshwater resources.
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| 30. |
- Jansson, Märit
(författare)
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Attractive Playgrounds: Some Factors Affecting User Interest and Visiting Patterns
- 2010
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 35, s. 63-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Public playgrounds are often criticised for not corresponding to children's needs for outdoor play areas. However, some playgrounds appear more visited and interesting to users than others. This study reviewed the literature on playground qualities and then explored some well-functioning practical examples in order to identify factors affecting playground attractiveness. Interviews and questionnaire surveys with users and observations of playgrounds in two towns in southern Sweden revealed that playground interest can be created by the presence of particular pieces of play equipment, but that the frequency of visits depends on more than equipment; on the context, placement and place-specific qualities.
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| 31. |
- Jansson, Märit, et al.
(författare)
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The governance of landscape management: new approaches to urban open space development
- 2019
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 44, s. 952-965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept and practice of urban open space (UOS) management is becoming increasingly influenced by varying governance arrangements for participatory co-development. These varying arrangements generate multifaceted approaches to UOS management as well as to landscape architecture more broadly. Governance and management constitute two central themes within UOS development, but their combination has so far been little addressed, despite its potential in addressing different desired values and processes. This paper uses a secondary case study approach to highlight and analyse this combination in different contexts and discusses conceptual use and knowledge gaps within landscape architecture, critically rethinking current process logics, reflecting on new tendencies for co- and self-management and discussing consequences for theory and practice. The conceptual understanding of governance approaches in UOS management presented may be useful for sustainable long-term development of UOS.
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| 32. |
- Jansson, Märit, et al.
(författare)
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The meaning of participation in school ground greening: a study from project to everyday setting
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 43, s. 163-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School ground greening has many acknowledged benefits for play, learning and health, but less is known about the outcomes of such projects from children's perspectives. This study aims to investigate the process, and children's participation, at two Swedish schools over four years of planning, planting, management and maintenance, using short interviews and observations. There was a large general interest among the children to participate in the development and maintenance of their school grounds, but different participatory and pedagogical approaches were used. The participation of children in the planning stage appears to be of specific importance for the functionality of school grounds, while long-term participation in management and maintenance can affect children's experiences from, and perspectives on, greening areas and projects positively over time. The results point to the large impact that greening projects with continuity in participation can have on children's activity and meaning-making.
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| 33. |
- Johansson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Landowners' participation in Biodiversity Conservation Examined through the Value-Belief-Norm Theory
- 2013
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-9710 .- 0142-6397. ; 38:3, s. 295-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landowners' choice of management practices will directly affect the conservation of biodiversity in large-scale productive landscapes such as forests and agricultural areas. Using the value-belief-norm theory, this study identifies the extent to which landowners differ regarding the psychological variables antecedent of a moral obligation to protect local biodiversity after participation in conservation programmes. A survey was carried out among 280 landowners who had to varying degrees participated in either voluntary forest preservation or wetland restoration. The results showed that the landowner groups did not differ in fundamental value structure and ecological worldview. Landowner groups that had participated in the projects tended to be more aware of consequences, ascribing more responsibility to themselves and expressing personal norms obligating them to participate in local biodiversity conservation more than landowners who did not participate. Local biodiversity conservation could benefit from addressing the psychological antecedents of the moral obligation among landowners in parallel with removing structural barriers.
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| 34. |
- Jordan, Gyozo, et al.
(författare)
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Geochemical landscape analysis : Development and application to the risk assessment of acid mine drainage. A Case study in central Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 36:2, s. 231-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acid mine drainage containing toxic contaminants is a major cause of landscape degradation at numerous historic mine sites in Europe. Risk assessment of acid mine drainage and related polluted lands requires an approach that is able to study the complexity of pollution emissions and impacted landscapes. The objective of this paper is to link geochemical contaminant fate modelling and landscape analysis for the risk assessment of acid mine drainage along the source-pathway-receptor chain. A simple geochemical landscape analysis tool is developed using landscape ecology spatial analysis and geochemical modelling methods. A case study is presented for the analysis of geochemical landscapes in central Sweden. Results show that the method can be used efficiently for the risk assessment of toxic mine contaminants in the complex wetland landscape in the study area.
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| 35. |
- Jönsson, Erik
(författare)
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Inescapable Ecologies
- 2009
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-9710 .- 0142-6397. ; 34:4, s. 498-500
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 36. |
- Konijnendijk, Cecil
(författare)
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Affordances of outdoor settings for children in preschool: revisiting heft's functional taxonomy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 42, s. 47-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heft's functional taxonomy for children's outdoor environment based on the concept of affordances was applied and investigated in a Danish preschool context. Affordances here refer to the meaningful action possibilities of the environment. Two groups of children (3-6years) enrolled in preschool were observed during times for free play' in their usual outdoor settings: traditional playground and forest (12 visits, respectively). Modified classes of outdoor features are suggested along with new practical class names: open ground, sloping terrain, shielded places, rigid fixtures, moving fixtures, loose objects, loose material, water, creatures and fire. Each class is specified by distinctive and attractive key activities found by observation. Examining each class indicated that important characteristics apart from availability were variation, sizes and change. The concept of affordances emphasises the ongoing user-environment-activity relationship important for planning with children in mind, but clarification is needed when using the term.
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| 37. |
- Lindström, Kati, 1977-
(författare)
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Universal heritage value, community identities and world heritage : forms, functions, processes and context at a changing Mt Fuji
- 2019
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 44:3, s. 278-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous international documents underline the high identity value of cultural heritage for local communities and its potential for sustainable development. Simultaneously, the inclusion in UNESCO's World Heritage List depends on the outstanding universal value that presumes a global community and prioritises global heritage value before the local ones. This setup holds potential tension.This paper discusses how to define heritage communities and access their heritage identities, differentiating between landscape forms, functions, processes and context. The case study of Mt Fuji World Heritage is used to illustrate the model. While global and national communities emphasise the form of the heritage and policies target the preservation of the present visual shape, the local and religious communities identify with the functions and practices embodied by the sites. Not all communities identify with the proposed interpretative context for Mt Fuji heritage value. Additional tension arises from the Eurocentric mind-set behind world heritage expertise.
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| 38. |
- Löfgren, Sofia
(författare)
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Knowing the landscape : A theoretical discussion on the challenges in forming knowledge about landscapes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 45:8, s. 921-933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about landscapes is highly complex and it is important to clarify how that complexity is reflected in the knowledge claims that feed into a particular planning process. Thus, this paper addresses critical issues and challenges regarding the formation of knowledge about landscapes in spatial planning contexts, based on published landscape research and planning theory. The analysis is rooted in planning theorists’ discussion of various types of knowledge claims involved in spatial planning practices. Thinking in terms of knowledge, and discussing both the character of knowledge production and types of knowledge claims that will be included, is a useful approach for choosing and developing assessment methods. To aid such approaches, two key aspects of formation of knowledge about landscapes are addressed here. One is the trans-disciplinary challenge of capturing landscapes as a whole. The other is the normative element of knowledge pertaining to landscapes, including diverging moral and ethical perspectives.
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| 39. |
- Mack, Jennifer
(författare)
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Impossible Nostalgia : Green Affect in the Landscapes of the Swedish Million Programme
- 2021
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The modernist neighbourhoods of the so-called Swedish Million Programme (1965–1974) were to house a new citizenry in utopian cities of the future, where nuclear families would live in optimal conditions and where ‘rational’ landscapes included playgrounds, courtyards, and traffic separation. Even so, they are ‘problem areas’ in current popular representations: places without history and thus unworthy of preservation. Radical proposals suggest their total demolition. Ethnographic research among residents, however, reveals alternative, multidimensional views instead. In parks, on bridges, and in tunnels, inhabitants have met friends, walked dogs, and sunbathed, often over decades. Their ‘green affect’ – expressed in reveries, poetry, stories, and caring suggestions for repair – challenges portrayals of the areas as disposable. Rather than suburbs without a future, residents express affection, longing, and even a seemingly impossible nostalgia for modernism’s outdoor spaces. This suggests the need for preservation and the inclusion of memories and feelings in planning processes.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Mels, Tom
(författare)
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The trouble with representation : landscape and environmental justice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 41:4, s. 417-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In landscape studies, at the turn of the twenty-first century, the concept of representation has been high on the agenda. Representation has often been understood as the expression of particular cultural politics of landscape, accentuating the socially biased and incomplete nature of textual and visual mediations of the world. In more recent work, it is possible to discern a shift from this emphasis on cultural representation to a fuller engagement with political representation. The concern here, crucially, is to understand representation as a core concept of justice, entwined with the social and material struggle over the right to landscape. In effect, to understand how landscapes materialise struggles over justice, an engagement with political representation is indispensable. As this paper elucidates, one potential consequence of the rediscovery of the political logic of representation is a rapprochement of landscape studies with environmental justice.
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| 42. |
- Mikusinski, Grzegorz, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating Ecological, Social and Cultural Dimensions in the Implementation of the Landscape Convention
- 2013
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 38:3, s. 384-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Implementation of the European Landscape Convention requires new tools that link ecological, social and cultural dimensions in practical planning. Here, we propose connectivity as a conceptual tool to include different dimensions into landscape and spatial planning. We present a short review of the connectivity concept in relation to ecological, social and cultural dimensions and illustrate it by examples from a real landscape planning case.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Mitchell, Don
(författare)
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A relational approach to landscape and urbanism : the view from an exclusive suburb
- 2017
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Ingår i: Landscape research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 42:3, s. 277-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper promotes a relational (that is, dialectical view) of landscape urbanism through the examination of an exclusive, racialised Northern California suburb as it has developed in relationship toand cocooned itself from the problems and disamenities ofthe broader urban region. Through the case of the wealthy, mostly white town of Moraga, it suggests that landscape studies must be attentive to the larger regional dynamics that produce and reproduce specific places. The argument is both intellectual and political: to the degree that the recent turn to discourses of and practices concerning the right to landscape' are inattentive to how landscapes are produced, unjustly, through their regional others, then to that degree the right to landscape threatens to reproduce injustice, not overcome it. Thus, the paper argues that any discourse and struggle for the right to landscape must be conjoined with a struggle for the right to the city. It suggests that the right question to ask of the landscape is not so much whose landscape' (as much work on the right to landscape has it), but landscape for whom.'
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| 45. |
- Nordh, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking Restorative Components: Patterns in Eye Movements as a Consequence of a Restorative Rating Task
- 2013
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-9710 .- 0142-6397. ; 38:1, s. 101-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eye tracking was used to investigate the task of assessing how likely it is that one would be able to rest and recover in small urban spaces and how it affects the view pattern. We assess which environmental components, for example, flowers and trees, participants look at when evaluating restoration likelihood. Further, we compare number of fixations in restorative and non-restorative park photos. Photos were selected based on ratings of low and high likelihood of restoration. Participants were asked to imagine themselves in need of restoration. Photos were presented for 10seconds each. In contrast to studies adapting a free viewing approach, the present study shows that image properties such as contrast and colour did not attract attention; instead participants looked at components that were of importance for assessing restoration likelihood. The components participants looked at the most were trees, followed by benches and bushes. This presents new information on people's view patterns in relation to the task of rating restoration likelihood. In addition, relations between the park components at which participants looked the most and the ratings on restoration likelihood were explored. As expected, we found a positive correlation between grass and restoration likelihood. The relations were negative for all other variables, although not significant. The negative relations were rather unexpected, and possible explanations for them are discussed. Finally, we analysed the association between number of fixations and restoration likelihood ratings, and no correlation was found.
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| 46. |
- Ode Sang, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing Visual Landscape Complexity: Theory and Application
- 2010
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 35, s. 111-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experience of landscape has, through the development of the European Landscape Convention, been highlighted as an important aspect to be incorporated in the management and planning of future landscapes. Complexity is a concept that appears in the development of indicators for several landscape functions, including visual quality and biodiversity. In environmental psychology, complexity has been used as an explanatory factor for landscape preference. This paper outlines the factors which constitute the dimensions of complexity perception and how these relate to coherence-a factor which seems to interact with complexity as regards to landscape experience. The paper further explores how indicators of landscape complexity developed within the framework of landscape ecology may be applied and used to capture relevant information on visually experienced landscape complexity. Particular attention is paid to the dimensional transitions which must be considered in order for map based indicators and perceived environmental qualities to be readily related in an applied setting. The paper concludes with some suggested models for how to link landscape indicators with landscape preference in future research.
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| 47. |
- Ode Sang, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Pasture-An Exploration of Perceptual Attributes and Categorisation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-9710 .- 0142-6397. ; 39:4, s. 402-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores the concept of pasture, looking at how people classify it and the features that determine how an image is classified. The analysis is based on two parallel studies that used the same image material. The first study was a web-based survey in which respondents were asked to make a pairwise comparison of the images they felt best corresponded to pasture. The second study used eye-tracking to investigate the elements viewed by respondents as they considered the degree to which images corresponded to pasture. It is found that the respondents had clear and mostly similar concepts of pasture and that they apply these consistently when categorising pasture.
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| 48. |
- Oles, Thomas
(författare)
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A note from the editor
- 2016
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 41, s. 980-980
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Oles, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The European Landscape Convention, Wind Power, and the Limits of the Local: Notes from Italy and Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Landscape Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0142-6397 .- 1469-9710. ; 36, s. 471-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Landscape Convention is the first international agreement to deal with all aspects of landscape planning, protection, and management. It emphasizes transparency, democracy, and good governance as integral parts of 'landscape'. The ELC may inspire member states of the Council of Europe to develop better tools for planning land use and the environment; however its utility in practice is still largely untested. This article considers the relevance of the ELC to a major land use conflict in Europe today: the development of wind power. Two countries are used as case studies of this conflict. Italy and Sweden both contain iconic European landscapes, and both have become important sites of large-scale wind power development over the last decade. But the two countries also have divergent political, economic, and institutional traditions. The debate around wind power and landscape has therefore unfolded differently in the two countries. The article consists of three parts. The first part gives an overview of the growth in wind power, and the forms that opposition to wind power have taken, in Italy over the past decade. It is argued that implementation of the ELC's clauses on democratic, locally-based landscape planning process will encounter in Italy a major impediment in the form of political and economic corruption. The second part summarizes the development of wind power as part of the Swedish national energy strategy. Using a case study of a wind power planning process guided by the ELC, it is argued that what appear to be common landscape values in local communities often conceal fundamental conflicts among individuals, groups, and institutions. On the basis of these two cases, the third and concluding part sketches both the potential of the ELC to transform the planning process for wind power, and the real challenges it will face, as a non-binding, 'global' agreement, in 'local' places with their own histories, traditions, and social actors.
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