| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, Tommy, et al.
(author)
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Quantifying the Family Frailty Effect in Infant and Child Mortality by Using Median Hazard Ratio (MHR)
- 2010
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In: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440. ; 43:1, s. 15-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Most microlevel studies in the social sciences have focused on the impact of different measured variables. While some studies have also dealt with unobserved variation, it has usually only been controlled for to perfect the estimates of the observables. In this article, the authors applied a modified version of a recently developed method designed to quantify the effect of unobserved variation in continuous time multilevel models, called a median hazard ratio. It allows a direct comparison of the effect of unobserved heterogeneity with standard relative risks. The method is used in an analysis of infant and child mortality in southern Sweden during the period 1766-1895. The empirical findings indicate that unmeasured differences between families were more important than either socioeconomic status or gender throughout this period.
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| 3. |
- Berg, Heléne, et al.
(author)
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Post-WWI military disarmament and interwar fascism in Sweden
- 2019
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In: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440 .- 1940-1906. ; 52:1, s. 37-56
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The emergence of anti-democratic movements is a central puzzle to social science. We study a novel and rich historical dataset covering Swedish municipalities during the interwar years and find a strong link between the presence of a military garrison and the emergence of fascist parties. We interpret these results as suggesting that fascist mobilization in Sweden was driven by discontent with the process of disarmament brought about by democratization. In contrast, poor economic conditions, as captured both by levels of and changes in the local poverty rate and tax base, do not explain the strong link between the fascists and military garrisons. We relate these results to influential theories of democratization.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Costello, Eugene, PhD, et al.
(author)
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Adapting to the Little Ice Age in pastoral regions : an interdisciplinary approach to climate history in north-west Europe
- 2023
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In: Historical Methods. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0161-5440 .- 1940-1906. ; 56, s. 1-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper uses interdisciplinary methods to investigate responses to the Little Ice Age in regions where livestock farming was dominant, a neglected subject due to the scarcity of detailed written records regarding pastoral land use. It argues that landscape-level histories which include pollen evidence and archaeology can address this challenge and reveal local processes of climate adaptation. Here we focus on Ireland and Scotland and a fascinating rise in small-scale cereal cultivation on upland pastures during the Little Ice Age. Bayesian modeling is used to test the chronological resolution of field evidence and compare it with climate reconstructions. We can see that the cultivation emerged in late medieval times, when cattle were facing climate-related stresses, and increased in early modern times during the Little Ice Age’s main phase. We suggest that it started in an indirect adaptation to climate change, supplementing supplies of food and fodder for pastoralists, but increased as rural populations and external market demands grew. There is a need for finer temporal resolution in pollen records and archaeology, as well as greater integration with socio-economic history, if we are to be more certain about changes in the relative significance of climate in pastoral land use.
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| 6. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Regional GDP estimates for Sweden, 1571–1850
- 2018
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In: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440. ; 51:2, s. 115-137
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides regional GDP estimates for the 24 Swedish regions (NUTS-3) for the benchmark year 1571 and for 11 ten-year benchmarks for the period 1750–1850. The 1571 estimates are based on tax sources and agricultural statistics. The 1750–1850 estimates are produced following the widely used methodology by Geary and Stark (2002): labour force figures from population censuses at regional level are used to allocate to regions the national estimates of agriculture, industry andservices while wages are used to correct for productivity differentials. By connecting our series to the existing ones by Enflo, Henning, and Schon ( € 2014) for the period 1860–2010, we are able to produce the longest set of regional GDP series to date for any single country.
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| 7. |
- Enflo, Kerstin, et al.
(author)
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Regional GDP estimates for Sweden, 1571–18501
- 2018
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In: Historical Methods. - 0161-5440 .- 1940-1906. ; 51, s. 115-137
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper provides regional GDP estimates for the 24 Swedish regions (NUTS-3) for the benchmark year 1571 and for 11 ten-year benchmarks for the period 1750–1850. The 1571 estimates are based on tax sources and agricultural statistics. The 1750–1850 estimates are produced following the widely used methodology by Geary and Stark (2002): labour force figures from population censuses at regional level are used to allocate to regions the national estimates of agriculture, industry and services while wages are used to correct for productivity differentials. By connecting our series to the existing ones by Enflo, Henning, and Schön (2014) for the period 1860–2010, we are able to produce the longest set of regional GDP series to date for any single country.
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| 8. |
- Hedefalk, Finn, et al.
(author)
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Methods to Create a Longitudinal Integrated Demographic and Geographic Database on the Micro-Level: A Case Study of Five Swedish Rural Parishes, 1813–1914
- 2015
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In: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440. ; 48:3, s. 153-173
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors develop a methodology to create databases that can be used to add micro-level geographic context to longitudinal historical demographic analyses. The method transforms geographic objects as snapshots (digitized from historical maps) into temporal representations of longitudinal object lifelines and links individuals to these geographic objects. The methodology is evaluated via a case study using historical data from the Scanian Economic Demographic Database. The authors link approximately 53,000 individuals in five parishes for the period 1813–1914 to the property units in which they had lived. The results of this study are a unique contribution in terms of linking individuals to micro level longitudinal geographic data over such long periods. Thus, these data may provide new knowledge for historical demographic research.
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| 9. |
- Helgertz, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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A new strategy for linking U.S. historical censuses : A case study for the IPUMS multigenerational longitudinal panel
- 2022
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In: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440. ; 55:1, s. 12-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a probabilistic method of record linkage, developed using the U.S. full count censuses of 1900 and 1910 but applicable to many sources of digitized historical records. The method links records using a two-step approach, first establishing high confidence matches among men by exploiting a comprehensive set of individual and contextual characteristics. The method then proceeds to link both men and women by leveraging links between households established in the first step. While only the first stage links can be directly comparable to other popular methods in research on the U.S., our method yields both considerably higher linkage rates and greater accuracy while only performing negligibly worse than other algorithms in resembling the target population.
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Lena, 1973-
(author)
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Advanced ages at death in Sápmi during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries : with special attention to longevity among the Sami population
- 2016
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In: Historical Methods. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0161-5440 .- 1940-1906. ; 49:1, s. 34-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article examines advanced ages at death in a historical population in northern Sweden between 1780 and 1900. The source material used is a set of data files from the Demographic Data Base (DDB) at Umeå University supplemented with the search tool Indiko. The belief that the Sami died at very high ages was tested, and life tables and values of remaining life expectancies at older ages were calculated. The information of the age at death was analysed using a model containing four levels of certainty. The analysis reveals that the Sami did not live to extreme ages. The analysis also reveals large differences between the parishes concerning extreme longevity and correctness of age at death.
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| 11. |
- Rijpma, Auke, et al.
(author)
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Record linkage in the Cape of Good Hope Panel
- 2020
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In: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440. ; 53:2, s. 112-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, we describe the record linkage procedure to create a panel from Cape Colony census returns, or opgaafrolle, for 1787–1828, a dataset of 42,354 household-level observations. Based on a subset of manually linked records, we first evaluate statistical models and deterministic algorithms to best identify and match households over time. By using household-level characteristics in the linking process and near-annual data, we are able to create high-quality links for 84% of the dataset. We compare basic analyses on the linked panel dataset to the original cross-sectional data, evaluate the feasibility of the strategy when linking to supplementary sources, and discuss the scalability of our approach to the full Cape panel.
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| 12. |
- Scalone, Francesco, et al.
(author)
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Testing child-woman ratios and the own-children method on the 1900 Sweden census : Examples of indirect fertility estimates by socioeconomic status in a historical population
- 2017
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In: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440. ; 50:1, s. 16-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Focusing on the Swedish census of 1900, the child-woman ratio and own-children method have been applied to assess socioeconomic differences in fertility. These indirect estimates of fertility have been compared to the vital statistics at the national level to assess their reliability. This comparison demonstrated that the estimated results suffered from few errors. Even if these indirect estimates of fertility could be affected by possible socioeconomic differences in mortality, the tests show that at least in the Swedish case, the impact of mortality on the indirect measures is limited. As infant mortality differences by socioeconomic status are relatively small, indirect fertility estimates are mainly affected by differences in reproductive behavior.
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| 13. |
- Stanfors, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Estimating historical wage profiles
- 2015
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In: Historical Methods. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0161-5440. ; 48:1, s. 35-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this article, researchers evaluate the empirical performance of the Mincer earnings equation, which has been the benchmark model for assessment of wage profiles since 1974. The analysis concerns workers in the manufacturing industry in three countries before 1900. The Mincer equation must be adjusted with respect to functional form in order to capture the wage profiles of past industrial workers. The quadratic spline consistently provides the best fit, while the standard quadratic produces misleading estimates of wage changes and gender wage gaps. These conclusions hold across contexts, for men and women, and for both age and experience profiles. The results have methodological relevance for estimating historical wage profiles and also have implications for the assessment of gender wage gaps in the past.
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| 14. |
- Wisselgren, Maria J., 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Behind the numbers : authorities’ approach to measuring disability in Swedish populations from 1860 to 1930
- 2023
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In: Historical Methods. - : Routledge. - 0161-5440 .- 1940-1906. ; 56:2, s. 63-76
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the main features of collected disability statistics for the censuses in Sweden, 1860–1930, when the disability prevalence rose from four to 21 individuals per thousand of the population. We use qualitative methods to analyze the means of collecting, categorizing, and defining disability, while quantitative methods help us calculate the prevalence by disability type and gender in urban and rural areas. Our long-term findings reveal that this increase reflects new approaches whereby authorities applied alternative methods to collect disability data, using additional sources, wider definitions, and introducing new disability categories. The temporal variations in disability prevalence were influenced by the social and political context and normative views on who was considered disabled or not.
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| 15. |
- Wisselgren, Maria J., 1967-, et al.
(author)
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Testing Methods of Record Linkage on Swedish Censuses
- 2014
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In: Historical Methods. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0161-5440 .- 1940-1906. ; 47:3, s. 138-151
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research benefits a great deal when different kinds of registers can be combined. Record linkage is an important tool for connecting sources to create longitudinal databases of individual data. In this article, researchers test and evaluate different methods of record linkage used when linking two censuses. By comparing the results of the census linkage with other continuous Swedish parish registers, they find that applying constructed name variables and household links considerably increases the success rate without the risk of introducing bias. Missing links are mainly related to name problems, and appear most frequently among children and when the family structure has changed between the censuses. Faulty links are very few and must be regarded as only a marginal problem for analysis. The study underlines the importance of adapting the linkage process to the special characteristics of the sources.
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