SwePub - sökning: L773:0164 1212 OR L773:1873 12...

Numrering	Referens	Omslagsbild	Hitta
1.	Petersson, Håkan, et al. (författare) Capture-Recapture in Software Inspections after 10 Years Research : Theory, Evaluation and Application. 2004 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 72:2, s. 249-264 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Software inspection is a method to detect faults in the early phases of the software life cycle. In order to estimate the number of faults not found, capture-recapture was introduced for software inspections in 1992 to estimate remaining faults after an inspection. Since then, several papers have been written in the area, concerning the basic theory, evaluation of models and application of the method. This paper summarizes the work made in capture-recapture for software inspections during these years. Furthermore, and more importantly, the contribution of the papers are classified as theory, evaluation or application, in order to analyse the performed research as well as to highlight the areas of research that need further work. It is concluded that (1) most of the basic theory is investigated within biostatistics, (2) most software engineering research is performed on evaluation, a majority ending up in recommendation of the Mh-JK model, and (3) there is a need for application experiences. In order to support the application, an inspection process is presented with decision points based on capture-recapture estimates.
2.	Andersson, Niclas, et al. (författare) Overview and industrial application of code generator generators 1996 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 32:3, s. 185-214 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract During the past 10 to 15 years, there has been active research in the area of automatically generating the code generator part of compilers from formal specifications. However, little has been reported on the application of these systems in an industrial setting. This paper attempts to fill this gap, in addition to providing a tutorial overview of the most well-known methods. Four systems for automatic generation of code generators are described in this paper. CGSS, BEG, TWIG and BURG. CGSS is an older Graham-Glanville style system based on pattern matching through parsing, whereas BEG, TWIG, and BURG are more recent systems based on tree pattern matching combined with dynamic programming. An industrial-strength code generator previously implemented for a special-purpose language using the CGSS system is described and compared in some detail to our new implementation based on the BEG system. Several problems of integrating local and global register allocations within automatically generated code generators are described, and some solutions are proposed. In addition, the specification of a full code generator for SUN SPARC with register windows using the BEG system is described. We finally conclude that current technology of automatically generating code generators is viable in an industrial setting. However, further research needs to be done on the problem of properly integrating register allocation and instruction scheduling with instruction selection, when both are generated from declarative specifications.
3.	Berglund, Erik (författare) Designing electronic reference documentation for software component libraries 2003 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 68:1, s. 65-75 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Contemporary software development is based on global sharing of software component libraries. As a result, programmers spend much time reading reference documentation rather than writing code, making library reference documentation a central programming tool. Traditionally, reference documentation is designed for textbooks even though it may be distributed online. However, the computer provides new dimensions of change, evolution, and adaptation that can be utilized to support efficiency and quality in software development. What is difficult to determine is how the electronic text dimensions best can be utilized in library reference documentation. This article presents a study of the design of electronic reference documentation for software component libraries. Results are drawn from a study in an industrial environment based on the use of an experimental electronic reference documentation (called Dynamic Javadoc or DJavadoc) used in a real-work situation for 4 months. The results from interviews with programmers indicate that the electronic library reference documentation does not require adaptation or evolution on an individual level. More importantly, reference documentation should facilitate the transfer of code from documentation to source files and also support the integration of multiple documentation sources.
4.	Fritzson, Peter (författare) Symbolic Debugging through Incremental Compilation in an Integrated Environment 1983 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 3:4, s. 285-294 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract It is demonstrated that fine-grained incremental compilation is a relevant technique when implementing powerful debuggers an incremental programming environments. A debugger and an incremental compiler for pascal has been implemented in the DICE system (Distributed Incremental Compiling environment). Incremental compilation is at the statement level which makes it useful for the debugger which also operates at the statement level. The quality of code produced by the incremental compiler approaches that required for production use. The algorithms involved an incremental compilation are not very complicated, but they require information that is easily available only in an integrated system, like DICE, where editor, compiler, linker, debugger and program data-base are well integrated into a single system. The extra information that has to be kept around, like the cross-reference database, can be used for multiple purposes, which makes total system economics favorable.
5.	Fritzson, Peter, et al. (författare) Using assertions in declarative and operational models for automated debugging 1994 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 25:3, s. 223-239 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This article presents an improved method for semiautomatic bug localization, by extending our previous generalized algorithm debugging technique, (GADT) [Fritzson et al. 1991], which uses declarative assertions about program units such as procedures and operational assertions about program behavior. For example, functional properties are best expressed through declarative assertions about procedure units, whereas order-dependent properties, or sequencing constraints in general, are more easily expressed using operational semantics. A powerful assertion language, called FORMAN, has been developed to this end. Such assertions can be collected into assertion libraries, which can greatly increase the degree of automation in bug localization. The long-range goal of this work is a semiautomatic debugging and testing system, which can be used during large-scale program development of nontrivial programs. To our knowledge, the extended GADT (EGADT) presented here is the first method that uses powerful operational assertions integrated with algorithmic debugging. In addition to providing support for local-level bug localization within procedures (which is not handled well by basic algorithmic debugging), the operational assertions reduce the number of irrelevant questions to the programmer during bug localization, thus further improving bug localization. A prototype of the GADT, implemented in PASCAL, supports debugging in a subset of Pascal. An interpreter of FORMAN assertions has also been implemented in PASCAL. During bug localization, both declarative and operational assertions are evaluated on execution traces.
6.	Lundell, Björn, et al. (författare) Changing perceptions of CASE-technology 2004 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 72:2, s. 271-280 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract The level to which CASE technology has been successfully deployed in IS and software development organisations has been at best variable. Much has been written about an apparent mismatch between user expectations of the technology and the products which are developed for the growing marketplace. In this paper we explore how this tension has developed over time, with the aim of identifying and characterising the major factors contributing to it. We identify three primary themes: volatility and plurality in the marketplace; the close relationship between tools and development methods; and the context sensitivity of feature assessment. By exploring the tension and developing these themes we hope to further the debate on how to improve evaluation of CASE prior to adoption.
7.	Shahmehri, Nahid, et al. (författare) Usability criteria for automated debugging systems 1995 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 31:1, s. 55-70 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Much of the current discussion around automated debugging systems is centered around various technical issues. In contrast, this paper focuses on user oriented usability criteria for automated debugging systems, and reviews several systems according to these criteria. We introduce four usability criteria: generality, cognitive plausibility, degree of automation and appreciation of the user's expertise. A debugging system which is general is able to understand a program without restrictive assumptions about the class of algorithms, the implementation, etc. A cognitively plausible debugging system supports debugging according to the user's mental model, e.g. by supporting several levels of abstraction and directions of bug localization. A high degree of automation means that fewer interactions with the user are required to find a bug. A debugging system that appreciates the user's expertise is suitable for both expert and novice programmers, and has the ability to take advantage of the additional knowledge of an expert programmer to speed up and improve the debugging process. Existing automated debugging systems fulfill these user-oriented requirements to a varying degree. However, many improvements are still needed to make automated debugging systems attractive to a broad range of users.
8.	Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-, et al. (författare) ASPLe : a methodology to develop self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 167, s. 1-19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract More than two decades of research have demonstrated an increasing need for software systems to be self-adaptive. Self-adaptation is required to deal with runtime dynamics which are difficult to predict before deployment. A vast body of knowledge to develop Self-Adaptive Software Systems (SASS) has been established. We, however, discovered a lack of process support to develop self-adaptive systems with reuse. To that end, we propose a domain-engineering based methodology, Autonomic Software Product Lines engineering (ASPLe), which provides step-by-step guidelines for developing families of SASS with systematic reuse. The evaluation results from a case study show positive effects on quality and reuse for self-adaptive systems designed using the ASPLe compared to state-of-the-art engineering practices.
9.	Addazi, Lorenzo, et al. (författare) Blended graphical and textual modelling for UML profiles : A proof-of-concept implementation and experiment 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 175 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Domain-specific modelling languages defined by extending or constraining the Unified Modelling Language (UML) through the profiling mechanism have historically relied on graphical notations to maximise human understanding and facilitate communication among stakeholders. Other notations, such as text-, form-, or table-based are, however, often preferred for specific modelling purposes, due to the nature of a specific domain or the available tooling, or for personal preference. Currently, the state of the art support for UML-based languages provides an almost completely detached, or even entirely mutually exclusive, use of graphical and textual modelling. This becomes inadequate when dealing with the development of modern systems carried out by heterogeneous stakeholders. Our intuition is that a modelling framework based on seamless blended multi-notations can disclose several benefits, among which: flexible separation of concerns, multi-view modelling based on multiple notations, convenient text-based editing operations (inside and outside the modelling environment), and eventually faster modelling activities. In this paper we report on: (i) a proof-of-concept implementation of a framework for UML and profiles modelling using blended textual and graphical notations, and (ii) an experiment on the framework, which eventually shows that blended multi-notation modelling performs better than standard single-notation modelling.
10.	Alahyari, Hiva, 1979, et al. (författare) A study of value in agile software development organizations 2017 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 125, s. 271-288 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Agile manifesto focuses on the delivery of valuable software. In Lean, the principles emphasise value, where every activity that does not add value is seen as waste. Despite the strong focus on value, and that the primary critical success factor for software intensive product development lies in the value domain, no empirical study has investigated specifically what value is. This paper presents an empirical study that investigates how value is interpreted and prioritised, and how value is assured and measured. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 23 participants from 14 agile software development organisations. The contribution of this study is fourfold. First, it examines how value is perceived amongst agile software development organisations. Second, it compares the perceptions and priorities of the perceived values by domains and roles. Third, it includes an examination of what practices are used to achieve value in industry, and what hinders the achievement of value. Fourth, it characterises what measurements are used to assure, and evaluate value-creation activities. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
11.	Ali, Nauman bin, et al. (författare) FLOW-assisted value stream mapping in the early phases of large-scale software development 2016 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 111, s. 213-227 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Value stream mapping (VSM) has been successfully applied in the context of software process improvement. However, its current adaptations from Lean manufacturing focus mostly on the flow of artifacts and have taken no account of the essential information flows in software development. A solution specifically targeted toward information flow elicitation and modeling is FLOW. This paper aims to propose and evaluate the combination of VSM and FLOW to identify and alleviate information and communication related challenges in large-scale software development. Using case study research, FLOW-assisted VSM was used for a large product at Ericsson AB, Sweden. Both the process and the outcome of FLOW-assisted VSM have been evaluated from the practitioners’ perspective. It was noted that FLOW helped to systematically identify challenges and improvements related to information flow. Practitioners responded favorably to the use of VSM and FLOW, acknowledged the realistic nature and impact on the improvement on software quality, and found the overview of the entire process using the FLOW notation very useful. The combination of FLOW and VSM presented in this study was successful in systematically uncovering issues and characterizing their solutions, indicating their practical usefulness for waste removal with a focus on information flow related issues.
12.	Ali, Nazakat, et al. (författare) Modeling and safety analysis for collaborative safety-critical systems using hierarchical colored Petri nets 2024 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 210 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Context: Collaborative systems enable multiple independent systems to work together towards a common goal. These systems can include both human-system and system-system interactions and can be found in a variety of settings, including smart manufacturing, smart transportation, and healthcare. Safety is an important consideration for collaborative systems because one system's failure can significantly impact the overall system performance and adversely affect other systems, humans or the environment. Goal: Fail-safe mechanisms for safety-critical systems are designed to bring the system to a safe state in case of a failure in the sensors or actuators. However, a collaborative safety-critical system must do better and be safe-operational, for e.g., a failure of one of the members in a platoon of vehicles in the middle of a highway is not acceptable. Thus, failures must be compensated, and compliance with safety constraints must be ensured even under faults or failures of constituent systems. Method: In this paper, we model and analyze safety for collaborative safety-critical systems using hierarchical Coloured Petri nets (CPN). We used an automated Human Rescue Robot System (HRRS) as a case study, modeled it using hierarchical CPN, and injected some specified failures to check and confirm the safe behavior in case of unexpected scenarios. Results: The system behavior was observed after injecting three types of failures in constituent systems, and then safety mechanisms were applied to mitigate the effect of these failures. After applying safety mechanisms, the HRRS system's overall behavior was again observed both in terms of verification and validation, and the simulated results show that all the identified failures were mitigated and HRRS completed its mission. Conclusion: It was found that the approach based on formal methods (CPN modeling) can be used for the safety analysis, modeling, validation, and verification of collaborative safety-critical systems like HRRS. The hierarchical CPN provides a rigorous way of modeling to implement complex collaborative systems.
13.	Asplund, Fredrik, et al. (författare) The Discourse on Tool Integration Beyond Technology, A Literature Survey 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 106, s. 117-131 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The tool integration research area emerged in the 1980s. This survey focuses on those strands of tool integration research that discuss issues beyond technology. We reveal a discourse centered around six frequently mentioned non-functional properties. These properties have been discussed in relation to technology and high level issues. However, while technical details have been covered, high level issues and, by extension, the contexts in which tool integration can be found, are treated indifferently. We conclude that this indifference needs to be challenged, and research on a larger set of stakeholders and contexts initiated. An inventory of the use of classification schemes underlines the difficulty of evolving the classical classification scheme published by Wasserman. Two frequently mentioned redefinitions are highlighted to facilitate their wider use. A closer look at the limited number of research methods and the poor attention to research design indicates a need for a changed set of research methods. We propose more critical case studies and method diversification through theory triangulation. Additionally, among disparate discourses we highlight several focusing on standardization which are likely to contain relevant findings. This suggests that open communities employed in the context of (pre-)standardization could be especially important in furthering the targeted discourse.
14.	Avritzer, Alberto, et al. (författare) Methods and Opportunities for Rejuvenation in Aging Distributed Software 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 83:9, s. 1568-1578 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper we describe several methods for detecting the need for software rejuvenation in mission critical systems that are subjected to worm infection, and introduce new software rejuvenation algorithms. We evaluate these algorithms' effectiveness using both simulation studies and analytic modeling, by assessing the probability of mission success. The system under study emulates a Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) of processing nodes. Our analysis determined that some of our rejuvenation algorithms are quite effective in maintaining a high probability of mission success while the system is under explicit attack by a worm infection.
15.	Avritzer, Alberto, et al. (författare) Scalability testing automation using multivariate characterization and detection of software performance antipatterns 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 193 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Context: Software Performance Antipatterns (SPAs) research has focused on algorithms for their characterization, detection, and solution. Existing algorithms are based on the analysis of runtime behavior to detect trends on several monitored variables, such as system response time and CPU utilization. However, the lack of computationally efficient methods currently limits their integration into modern agile practices to detect SPAs in large scale systems. Objective: In this paper, we extended our previously proposed approach for the automated SPA characterization and detection designed to support continuous integration/delivery/deployment (CI/CDD) pipelines, with the goal of addressing the lack of computationally efficient algorithms. Method: We introduce a machine learning-based approach to improve the detection of SPA and interpretation of approach's results. The approach is complemented with a simulation-based methodology to analyze different architectural alternatives and measure the precision and recall of our approach. Our approach includes SPA statistical characterization using a multivariate analysis of load testing experimental results to identify the services that have the largest impact on system scalability. Results: To show the effectiveness of our approach, we have applied it to a large complex telecom system at Ericsson. We have built a simulation model of the Ericsson system and we have evaluated the introduced methodology by using simulation-based SPA injection. For this system, we are able to automatically identify the top five services that represent scalability choke points. We applied two machine learning algorithms for the automated detection of SPA. Conclusion: We contributed to the state-of-the-art by introducing a novel approach to support computationally efficient SPA characterization and detection that has been applied to a large complex system using performance testing data. We have compared the computational efficiency of the proposed approach with state-of-the-art heuristics. We have found that the approach introduced in this paper grows linearly, which is a significant improvement over existing techniques. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.
16.	Axelsson, Jakob, et al. (författare) Quality assurance in software ecosystems : A systematic literature mapping and research agenda 2015. - 11 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 114, s. 69-81 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Abstract Software ecosystems are becoming a common model for software development in which different actors cooperate around a shared platform. However, it is not clear what the implications are on software quality when moving from a traditional approach to an ecosystem, and this is becoming increasingly important as ecosystems emerge in critical domains such as embedded applications. Therefore, this paper investigates the challenges related to quality assurance in software ecosystems, and identifies what approaches have been proposed in the literature. The research method used is a systematic literature mapping, which however only resulted in a small set of six papers. The literature findings are complemented with a constructive approach where areas are identified that merit further research, resulting in a set of research topics that form a research agenda for quality assurance in software ecosystems. The agenda spans the entire system life-cycle, and focuses on challenges particular to an ecosystem setting, which are mainly the results of the interactions across organizational borders, and the dynamic system integration being controlled by the users.
17.	Ayala, I., et al. (författare) ProDSPL : Proactive self-adaptation based on Dynamic Software Product Lines 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 175 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dynamic Software Product Lines (DSPLs) are a well-accepted approach to self-adaptation at runtime. In the context of DSPLs, there are plenty of reactive approaches that apply countermeasures as soon as a context change happens. In this paper we propose a proactive approach, PRODSPL, that exploits an automatically learnt model of the system, anticipates future variations of the system and generates the best DSPL configuration that can lessen the negative impact of future events on the quality requirements of the system. Predicting the future fosters adaptations that are good for a longer time and therefore reduces the number of reconfigurations required, making the system more stable. PRODSPL formulates the problem of the generation of dynamic reconfigurations as a proactive controller over a prediction horizon, which includes a mapping of the valid configurations of the DSPL into linear constraints. Our approach is evaluated and compared with a reactive approach, DAGAME, also based on a DSPL, which uses a genetic algorithm to generate quasi-optimal feature model configurations at runtime. PRODSPL has been evaluated using a strategy mobile game and a set of randomly generated feature models. The evaluation shows that PRODSPL gives good results with regard to the quality of the configurations generated when it tries anticipate future events. Moreover, in doing so, PRODSPL enforces the system to make as few reconfigurations as possible.
18.	Badampudi, Deepika, 1984-, et al. (författare) A decision-making process-line for selection of software asset origins and components 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 135, s. 88-104 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Selecting sourcing options for software assets and components is an important process that helps companies to gain and keep their competitive advantage. The sourcing options include: in-house, COTS, open source and outsourcing. The objective of this paper is to further refine, extend and validate a solution presented in our previous work. The refinement includes a set of decision-making activities, which are described in the form of a process-line that can be used by decision-makers to build their specific decision-making process. We conducted five case studies in three companies to validate the coverage of the set of decision-making activities. The solution in our previous work was validated in two cases in the first two companies. In the validation, it was observed that no activity in the proposed set was perceived to be missing, although not all activities were conducted and the activities that were conducted were not executed in a specific order. Therefore, the refinement of the solution into a process-line approach increases the flexibility and hence it is better in capturing the differences in the decision-making processes observed in the case studies. The applicability of the process-line was then validated in three case studies in a third company. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
19.	Badampudi, Deepika, et al. (författare) Software Component Decision-making: In-house, OSS, COTS or Outsourcing : A Systematic Literature Review 2016 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 121, s. 105-124 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Component-based software systems require decisions on component origins for acquiring components. A component origin is an alternative of where to get a component from. Objective: To identify factors that could influence the decision to choose among different component origins and solutions for decision-making (For example, optimization) in the literature. Method: A systematic review study of peer-reviewed literature has been conducted. Results: In total we included 24 primary studies. The component origins compared were mainly focused on in-house vs. COTS and COTS vs. OSS. We identified 11 factors affecting or influencing the decision to select a component origin. When component origins were compared, there was little evidence on the relative (either positive or negative) effect of a component origin on the factor. Most of the solutions were proposed for in-house vs. COTS selection and time, cost and reliability were the most considered factors in the solutions. Optimization models were the most commonly proposed technique used in the solutions. Conclusion: The topic of choosing component origins is a green field for research, and in great need of empirical comparisons between the component origins, as well of how to decide between different combinations of them.
20.	Bagheri, Maryam, et al. (författare) Coordinated actor model of self-adaptive track-based traffic control systems 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 143, s. 116-139 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Self-adaptation is a well-known technique to handle growing complexities of software systems, where a system autonomously adapts itself in response to changes in a dynamic and unpredictable environment. With the increasing need for developing self-adaptive systems, providing a model and an implementation platform to facilitate integration of adaptation mechanisms into the systems and assuring their safety and quality is crucial. In this paper, we target Track-based Traffic Control Systems (TTCSs) in which the traffic flows through pre-specified sub-tracks and is coordinated by a traffic controller. We introduce a coordinated actor model to design self-adaptive TTCSs and provide a general mapping between various TTCSs and the coordinated actor model. The coordinated actor model is extended to build large-scale self-adaptive TTCSs in a decentralized setting. We also discuss the benefits of using Ptolemy II as a framework for model-based development of large-scale self-adaptive systems that supports designing multiple hierarchical MAPE-K feedback loops interacting with each other. We propose a template based on the coordinated actor model to design a self-adaptive TTCS in Ptolemy II that can be instantiated for various TTCSs. We enhance the proposed template with a predictive adaptation feature. We illustrate applicability of the coordinated actor model and consequently the proposed template by designing two real-life case studies in the domains of air traffic control systems and railway traffic control systems in Ptolemy II.
21.	Baldassarre, Maria Teresa, et al. (författare) Affective reactions and test-driven development : Results from three experiments and a survey 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 185 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The research on the claimed effects of Test-Driven Development (TDD) on software quality and developers’ productivity has shown inconclusive results. Some researchers have ascribed such results to the negative affective reactions that TDD would provoke when developers apply it. In this paper, we studied whether and in which phases TDD influences the affective states of developers, who are new to this development approach. To that end, we conducted a baseline experiment and two replications, and analyzed the data from these experiments both individually and jointly. Also, we performed methodological triangulation by means of an explanatory survey, whose respondents were experienced with TDD. The results of the baseline experiment suggested that developers like TDD significantly less, compared to a non-TDD approach. Also, developers who apply TDD like implementing production code significantly less than those who apply a non-TDD approach, while testing production code makes TDD developers significantly less happy. These results were not confirmed in the replicated experiments. We found that the moderator that better explains these differences across experiments is experience (in months) with unit testing, practiced in a test-last manner. The higher the experience with unit testing, the more negative the affective reactions caused by TDD. The results from the survey seem to confirm the role of this moderator. © 2021
22.	Baldassarre, Maria Teresa, et al. (författare) Studying test-driven development and its retainment over a six-month time span 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 176 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In this paper, we investigate the effect of TDD, as compared to a non-TDD approach, as well as its retainment (or retention) over a time span of (about) six months. To pursue these objectives, we conducted a (quantitative) longitudinal cohort study with 30 novice developers (i.e., third-year undergraduate students in Computer Science). We observed that TDD affects neither the external quality of software products nor developers’ productivity. However, we observed that the participants applying TDD produced significantly more tests, with a higher fault-detection capability, than those using a non-TDD approach. As for the retainment of TDD, we found that TDD is retained by novice developers for at least six months. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
23.	Barisic, Ankica, et al. (författare) Multi-paradigm modeling for cyber-physical systems : A systematic mapping review 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 183 Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are heterogeneous and require cross-domain expertise to model. The complexity of these systems leads to questions about prevalent modeling approaches, their ability to integrate heterogeneous models, and their relevance to the application domains and stakeholders. The methodology for Multi-Paradigm Modeling (MPM) of CPS is not yet fully established and standardized, and researchers apply existing methods for modeling of complex systems and introducing their own. No systematic review has been previously performed to create an overview of the field on the methods used for MPM of CPS. In this paper, we present a systematic mapping study that determines the models, formalisms, and development processes used over the last decade. Additionally, to determine the knowledge necessary for developing CPS, our review studied the background of actors involved in modeling and authors of surveyed studies. The results of the survey show a tendency to reuse multiple existing formalisms and their associated paradigms, in addition to a tendency towards applying transformations between models. These findings suggest that MPM is becoming a essential approach to model CPS, and highlight the importance of future integration of models, standardization of development process and education.
24.	Bate, Iain (författare) Systematic approaches to understanding and evaluating design trade-offs 2008 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 81:8, s. 1253-1271 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The use of trade-off analysis as part of optimising designs has been an emerging technique for a number of years. However, only recently has much work been done with respect to systematically deriving the understanding of the system problem to be optimised and using this information as part of the design process. As systems have become larger and more complex then a need has arisen for suitable approaches. The system problem consists of design choices, measures for individual values related to quality attributes and weights to balance the relative importance of each individual quality attribute. In this paper, a method is presented for establishing an understanding of a system problem using the goal structuring notation (GSN). The motivation for this work is borne out of experience working on embedded systems in the context of critical systems where the cost of change can be large and the impact of design errors potentially catastrophic. A particular focus is deriving an understanding of the problem so that different solutions can be assessed quantitatively, which allows more definitive choices to be made. A secondary benefit is it also enables design using heuristic search approaches which is another area of our research. The overall approach is demonstrated through a case study which is a task allocation problem.
25.	Biffl, Stefan, et al. (författare) Architecting for a Sustainable Digital Society 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 200 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Boucké, N., et al. (författare) Composition of architectural models: Empirical analysis and language support 2010 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 83:11, s. 2108-2127 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Managing the architectural description (AD) of a complex software system and maintaining consistency among the different models is a demanding task. To understand the underlying problems, we analyse several non-trivial software architectures. The empirical study shows that a substantial amount of information of ADs is repeated, mainly by integrating information of different models in new models. Closer examination reveals that the absence of rigorously specified dependencies among models and the lack of support for automated composition of models are primary causes of management and consistency problems in software architecture. To tackle these problems, we introduce an approach in which compositions of models, together with relations among models, are explicitly supported in the ADL. We introduce these concepts formally and discuss a proof-of-concept instantiation of composition in xADL and its supporting tools. The approach is evaluated by comparing the original and revised ADs in an empirical study. The study indicates that our approach reduces the number of manually specified elements by 29%, and reduces the number of manual changes to elements for several realistic change scenarios by 52%.
27.	Bousse, Erwan, et al. (författare) Omniscient debugging for executable DSLs 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 137, s. 261-288 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Omniscient debugging is a promising technique that relies on execution traces to enable free traversal of the states reached by a model (or program) during an execution. While a few General-Purpose Languages (GPLs) already have support for omniscient debugging, developing such a complex tool for any executable Domain Specific Language (DSL) remains a challenging and error prone task. A generic solution must: support a wide range of executable DSLs independently of the metaprogramming approaches used for implementing their semantics; be efficient for good responsiveness. Our contribution relies on a generic omniscient debugger supported by efficient generic trace management facilities. To support a wide range of executable DSLs, the debugger provides a common set of debugging facilities, and is based on a pattern to define runtime services independently of metaprogramming approaches. Results show that our debugger can be used with various executable DSLs implemented with different metaprogramming approaches. As compared to a solution that copies the model at each step, it is on average sixtimes more efficient in memory, and at least 2.2 faster when exploring past execution states, while only slowing down the execution 1.6 times on average.
28.	Breivold, Hongyu Pei, et al. (författare) Software architecture evolution through evolvability analysis 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 85:11, s. 2574-2592 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Software evolvability is a multifaceted quality attribute that describes a software system's ability to easily accommodate future changes. It is a fundamental characteristic for the efficient implementation of strategic decisions, and the increasing economic value of software. For long life systems, there is a need to address evolvability explicitly during the entire software lifecycle in order to prolong the productive lifetime of software systems. However, designing and evolving software architectures are the challenging task. To improve the ability to understand and systematically analyze the evolution of software system architectures, in this paper, we describe software architecture evolution characterization, and propose an architecture evolvability analysis process that provides replicable techniques for performing activities to aim at understanding and supporting software architecture evolution. The activities are embedded in: (i) the application of a software evolvability model; (ii) a structured qualitative method for analyzing evolvability at the architectural level; and (iii) a quantitative evolvability analysis method with explicit and quantitative treatment of stakeholders' evolvability concerns and the impact of potential architectural solutions on evolvability. The qualitative and quantitative assessments manifested in the evolvability analysis process have been applied in two large-scale industrial software systems at ABB and Ericsson, with experiences and reflections described. (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
29.	Britto, Ricardo, 1982-, et al. (författare) Evaluating and strategizing the onboarding of software developers in large-scale globally distributed projects 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 169 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The combination of scale and distribution in software projects makes the onboarding of new developers problematic. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research on the relationship between onboarding strategies and the performance evolution of newcomers in large-scale, globally distributed projects. Furthermore, there are no approaches to support the development of strategies to systematically onboard developers. In this paper, we address these gaps by means of an industrial case study. We identified that the following aspects seem to be related to the observed onboarding results: the distance to mentors, the formal training approach used, the allocation of large and distributed tasks in the early stages of the onboarding process, and team instability. We conclude that onboarding must be planned well ahead and should consider avoiding the aspects mentioned above. Based on the results of this investigation, we propose a process to strategize and evaluate onboarding. To develop the process, we used business process modeling. We conducted a static validation of the proposed process utilizing interviews with experts. The static validation of the process indicates that it can help companies to deal with the challenges associated with the onboarding of newcomers through more systematic, effective, and repeatable onboarding strategies. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
30.	Brodnik, Andrej, et al. (författare) Worst case constant time priority queue 2005 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 78:3, s. 249-156 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present a new data structure of size 3M bits, where M is the size of the universe at hand, for realizing a discrete priority queue. When this data structure is used in combination with a new memory topology it executes all discrete priority queue operations in O(1) worst case time. In doing so we demonstrate how an unconventional, but practically implementable, memory architecture can be employed to sidestep known lower bounds and achieve constant time performance.
31.	Bucaioni, Alessio, 1987-, et al. (författare) Enabling automated integration of architectural languages : An experience report from the automotive domain 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 184, s. 111106- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Modern automotive software systems consist of hundreds of heterogeneous software applications, belonging to separated function domains and often developed within distributed automotive ecosystems consisting of original equipment manufactures, tier-1 and tier-2 companies. Hence, the development of modern automotive software systems is a formidable challenge. A well-known instrument for coping with the tremendous heterogeneity and complexity of modern automotive software systems is the use of architectural languages as a way of enabling different and specific views over these systems. However, the use of different architectural languages might come with the cost of reduced interoperability and automation as different languages might have weak to no integration. In this article, we tackle the challenge of integrating two architectural languages heavily used in the automotive domain for the design and timing analysis of automotive software systems: AMALTHEA and Rubus Component Model. The main contributions of this paper are (i) a mapping scheme for the translation of an AMALTHEA architecture into a Rubus Component Model architecture where highprecision timing analysis can be run, and the back annotation of the analysis results on the starting AMALTHEA architecture; (ii) the implementation of the proposed scheme, which uses the concept of model transformations for enabling a full-fledged automated integration; (iii) the application of such automation on three industrial automotive systems being the brake-by-wire, the full blown engine management system and the engine management system. We discuss and evaluate the proposed contributions using an online, experts survey and the above-mentioned use cases. Based on the evaluation results, we conclude that the proposed automation mechanism is correct and applicable in industrial contexts. Besides, we observe that the performance of the automation mechanism does not degrade when translating large models with several thousands of elements. Eventually, we conclude that experts in this field find the proposed contribution industrially relevant.
32.	Bures, Tomas, et al. (författare) Special Issue on software engineering for trustworthy cyber-physical systems 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 178 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
33.	Butler, Simon, et al. (författare) Considerations and challenges for the adoption of open source components in software-intensive businesses 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 186 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Component-Based Software Development is a conventional way of working for software-intensive businesses and OpenSource Software (OSS) components are frequently considered by businesses for adoption and inclusion in softwareproducts. Previous research has found a variety of practices used to support the adoption of OSS components, in-cluding formally specified processes and less formal, developer-led approaches, and that the practices used continue todevelop. Evolutionary pressures identified include the proliferation of available OSS components and increases in thepace of software development as businesses move towards continuous integration and delivery. We investigate workpractices used in six software-intensive businesses in the primary and secondary software sectors to understand currentapproaches to OSS component adoption and the challenges businesses face establishing effective work practices to eval-uate OSS components. We find businesses have established processes for evaluating OSS components and communitiesthat support more complex and nuanced considerations of the cost and risks of component adoption alongside matterssuch as licence compliance and functional requirements. We also found that the increasing pace and volume of softwaredevelopment within some businesses provides pressure to continue to evolve software evaluation processes.
34.	Butler, Simon, et al. (författare) Maintaining interoperability in open source software : A case study of the Apache PDFBox project 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 159 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Software interoperability is commonly achieved through the implementation of standards for communication protocols or data representation formats. Standards documents are often complex, difficult to interpret, and may contain errors and inconsistencies, which can lead to differing interpretations and implementations that inhibit interoperability. Through a case study of two years of activity in the Apache PDFBox project we examine day-to-day decisions made concerning implementation of the PDF specifications and standards in a community open source software (OSS) project. Thematic analysis is used to identify semantic themes describing the context of observed decisions concerning interoperability. Fundamental decision types are identified including emulation of the behaviour of dominant implementations and the extent to which to implement the PDF standards. Many factors influencing the decisions are related to the sustainability of the project itself, while other influences result from decisions made by external actors, including the developers of dependencies of PDFBox. This article contributes a fine grained perspective of decision-making about software interoperability by contributors to a community OSS project. The study identifies how decisions made support the continuing technical relevance of the software, and factors that motivate and constrain project activity.
35.	Börstler, Jürgen, 1960-, et al. (författare) Investigating Acceptance Behavior in Software Engineering – Theoretical Perspectives 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 198 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Software engineering research aims to establish software development practice on a scientific basis. However, the evidence of the efficacy of technology is insufficient to ensure its uptake in industry. In the absence of a theoretical frame of reference, we mainly rely on best practices and expert judgment from industry-academia collaboration and software process improvement research to improve the acceptance of the proposed technology. Objective: To identify acceptance models and theories and discuss their applicability in the research of acceptance behavior related to software development.Method: We analyzed literature reviews within an interdisciplinary team to identify models and theories relevant to software engineering research. We further discuss acceptance behavior from the human information processing perspective of automatic and affect-driven processes (“fast” system 1 thinking) and rational and rule-governed processes (“slow” system 2 thinking). Results: We identified 30 potentially relevant models and theories. Several of them have been used in researching acceptance behavior in contexts related to software development, but few have been validated in such contexts. They use constructs that capture aspects of (automatic) system 1 and (rational) system 2 oriented processes. However, their operationalizations focus on system 2-oriented processes indicating a rational view of behavior, thus overlooking important psychological processes underpinning behavior. Conclusions: Software engineering research may use acceptance behavior models and theories more extensively to understand and predict practice adoption in the industry. Such theoretical foundations will help improve the impact of software engineering research. However, more consideration should be given to their validation, overlap, construct operationalization, and employed data collection mechanisms when using these models and theories.
36.	Campeanu, Gabriel, et al. (författare) Component-based development of embedded systems with GPUs 2020 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 161 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract One pressing challenge of many modern embedded systems is to successfully deal with the considerable amount of data that originates from the interaction with the environment. A recent solution comes from the use of GPUs, providing a significantly improved performance for data-parallel applications. Another trend in the embedded systems domain is component-based development. However, existing component-based approaches lack specific support to develop embedded systems with GPUs. As a result, components with GPU capability need to encapsulate all the required GPU information, leading to component specialization to specific platforms, hence drastically impeding component reusability. To facilitate component-based development of embedded systems with GPUs, we introduce the concept of flexible components. This increases the design flexibility by allowing the system developer to decide component allocation (i.e., either the CPU or GPU) at a later stage of the system development, with no change to the component implementation. Furthermore, we provide means to automatically generate code for adapting flexible components corresponding to their hardware placement, as well as code for component communication. Through the introduced support, components with GPU capability are platform-independent, and can be executed, without manual adjustment, on a large variety of hardware (i.e., platforms with different GPU characteristics).
37.	Caporuscio, Mauro, 1975-, et al. (författare) Engineering Future Internet applications : The Prime approach 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 106, s. 9-27 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Future Internet is envisioned as a worldwide environment connecting a large open-ended collection of heterogeneous and autonomous resources, namely Things, Services and Contents, which interact with each other anywhere and anytime. Applications will possibly emerge dynamically as opportunistic aggregation of resources available at a given time, and will be able to self-adapt according to the environment dynamics. In this context, engineers should be provided with proper modeling and programming abstractions to develop applications able to benefit from Future Internet, by being at the same time fluid, as well as dependable. Indeed, such abstractions should (i) facilitate the development of autonomous and independent interacting resources (loose coupling), (ii) deal with the run-time variability of the application in terms of involved resources (flexibility), (iii) provide mechanisms for run-time resources discovery and access (dynamism), and (iv) enable the running application to accommodate unforeseen resources (serendipity).To this end, Prime (P-Rest at design/run tIME) defines the P-REST architectural style, and a set of P-REST oriented modeling and programming abstractions to provide engineers with both design-time and run-time support for specifying, implementing and operating P-RESTful applications.
38.	Caporuscio, Mauro, 1975-, et al. (författare) Model-based system reconfiguration for dynamic performance management 2007 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 80:4, s. 455-473 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recently, growing attention focused on run-time management of Quality of Service (QoS) of complex software systems. In this context, system reconfiguration is considered a useful technique to manage QoS. Several reconfiguration approaches to performance management exist that help systems to maintain performance requirements at run time. However, many of them use prefixed strategies that are in general coded in the application or in the reconfiguration framework.In this work we propose a framework to manage performance of software systems at run time based on monitoring and model-based performance evaluation. The approach makes use of software architectures as abstractions of the managed system to avoid unnecessary details that can heavily affect the model evaluation in terms of complexity and resolution time.
39.	Ciccozzi, Federico (författare) Explicit connection patterns (ECP) profile and semantics for modelling and generating explicit connections in complex UML composite structures 2016 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 121, s. 329-344 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Model-driven engineering can help in mitigating ever-growing complexity of modern software systems. In this sense, the Unified Modelling Language (UML) has gained a thick share in the market of modelling languages adopted in industry. Nevertheless, the generality of UML can make it hard to build complete code generators, simulators, model-based analysis or testing tools without setting variability in the semantics of the language. To tailor semantics variability the notion of semantic variation point has been introduced in UML 2.0. Our research focuses on the semantic variation point that leaves the rules for matching multiplicities of connected instances of components and ports undecided in UML composite structures. In order to allow model analysability, simulation and code generation, this semantics needs to be set. At the same time, leaving the burden of this task to the developers is often overwhelming for complex systems. In this paper we provide a solution for supporting modelling and automatic calculation and generation of explicit interconnections in complex UML composite structures. This is achieved by (i) defining a set of connection patterns, in terms of a UML profile, and related semantic rules for driving the calculation, (ii) providing a generation algorithm to calculate the explicit interconnections.
40.	Comerio, Marco, et al. (författare) Service portfolio management : A repository-based framework 2015 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 104, s. 112-125 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The paper discusses a framework for managing and evaluating ICT-enabled service portfolios along the service design phase. The framework adopts a service reuse perspective and it is made up of i) a model for the representation of a repository of services, ii) a model for the deﬁnition of a service portfolio representing current production lines of a service provider organization, iii) a set of metrics for service portfolio evaluation, and iv) a tool supporting managers in decision making for the achievement of design objectives. The proposed metrics and the tool are supposed to allow decision makers to get an improved view of the service design process. Furthermore, the framework supports managers in decision making for the achievement of production objectives as well as operational strategies, resulting in potential reuse initiatives, likewise. To provide evidence of the impacts of the proposed framework, experimental activities are discussed focusing on a real life case study, referring to an Italian small size service provider.
41.	Coppola, Riccardo, et al. (författare) Translation from layout-based to visual android test scripts : An empirical evaluation 2021 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 171 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Mobile GUI tests can be classified as layout-based – i.e. using GUI properties as locators – or Visual – i.e. using widgets’ screen captures as locators –. Visual test scripts require significant maintenance efforts to be kept aligned with the tested application as it evolves or it is ported to different devices. This work aims to conceptualize a translation-based approach to automatically derive Visual tests from existing layout-based counterparts or repair them when graphical changes occur, and to develop a tool that implements and validates the approach. We present TOGGLE, a tool that translates Espresso layout-based tests for Android apps to Visual tests that conform to either SikuliX, EyeAutomate, or a combination of the two tools’ syntax. An experiment is conducted to measure the precision of the translation approach, which is evaluated on maintenance tasks triggered by graphical changes due to device diversity. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a translation-based approach, show that script portability to different devices is improved (from 32% to 93%), and indicate that translation can repair up to 90% of Visual locators in failing tests. GUI test translation mitigates challenges with Visual tests like maintenance effort and portability, enabling their wider use in industrial practice. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
42.	Crnkovic, Ivica, et al. (författare) Guest Editorial 2007 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 80:5, s. 641-642 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
43.	Damm, Lars-Ola, et al. (författare) A model for software rework reduction through a combination of anomaly metrics 2008 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 81:11, s. 1968-1982 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Analysis of anomalies reported during testing of a project can tell a lot about how well the processes and products work. Still, organizations rarely use anomaly reports for more than progress tracking although projects commonly spend a significant part of the development time on finding and correcting faults. This paper presents an anomaly metrics model that organizations can use for identifying improvements in the development process, i.e. to reduce the cost and lead-time spent on rework-related activities and to improve the quality of the delivered product. The model is the result of a four year research project performed at Ericsson. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
44.	Danglot, Benjamin, et al. (författare) A snowballing literature study on test amplification 2019 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 157 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The adoption of agile approaches has put an increased emphasis on testing, resulting in extensive test suites. These suites include a large number of tests, in which developers embed knowledge about meaningful input data and expected properties as oracles. This article surveys works that exploit this knowledge to enhance manually written tests with respect to an engineering goal (e.g., improve coverage or refine fault localization). While these works rely on various techniques and address various goals, we believe they form an emerging and coherent field of research, which we coin "test amplification". We devised a first set of papers from DBLP, searching for all papers containing "test" and "amplification" in their title. We reviewed the 70 papers in this set and selected the 4 papers that fit the definition of test amplification. We use them as the seeds for our snowballing study, and systematically followed the citation graph. This study is the first that draws a comprehensive picture of the different engineering goals proposed in the literature for test amplification. We believe that this survey will help researchers and practitioners entering this new field to understand more quickly and more deeply the intuitions, concepts and techniques used for test amplification.
45.	Dobslaw, Felix, 1983-, et al. (författare) Generic and industrial scale many-criteria regression test selection 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 205 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract While several test case selection algorithms (heuristic and optimal) and formulations (linear and non-linear) have been proposed, no multi-criteria framework enables Pareto search — the state-of-the-art approach of doing multi-criteria optimization. Therefore, we introduce the highly parallelizable, openly available Many-Criteria Test-Optimization Algorithm (MC-TOA) framework that combines heuristic Pareto search and optimality gap knowledge per criterion. MC-TOA is largely agnostic to the criteria formulations and can incorporate many criteria where existing approaches offer limited scope (single or few objectives/constraints), lack flexibility in the expression and assurance of constraints, or run into problem complexity issues. For two large-scale systems with up to six criteria and thousands of system test cases, MC-TOA not only produces, over the board, superior Pareto fronts in terms of HVI score compared to the state-of-the-art many-objective heuristic baseline, it also does that within minutes of runtime for worst-case executions, i.e., assuming that a regression affects the entire test-suite. MC-TOA depends on convex solvers. We find that the evaluated open-source solvers are slower but suffice for smaller systems, while being less robust for larger systems. Linear formulations execute faster and obtain near-optimal results, which led to faster and better overall convergence of MC-TOA compared to integer formulations. Editor's note: Open Science material was validated by the Journal of Systems and Software Open Science Board.
46.	Dzhusupova, Rimman, et al. (författare) Choosing the right path for AI integration in engineering companies: A strategic guide 2024 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 210 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) businesses operating within the energy sector are recognizing the increasing importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Many EPC companies and their clients have realized the benefits of applying AI to their businesses in order to reduce manual work, drive productivity, and streamline future operations of engineered installations in a highly competitive industry. The current AI market offers various solutions and services to support this industry, but organizations must understand how to acquire AI technology in the most beneficial way based on their business strategy and available resources. This paper presents a framework for EPC companies in their transformation towards AI. Our work is based on examples of project execution of AI-based products development at one of the biggest EPC contractors worldwide and on insights from EPC vendor companies already integrating AI into their engineering solutions. The paper covers the entire life cycle of building AI solutions, from initial business understanding to deployment and further evolution. The framework identifies how various factors influence the choice of approach toward AI project development within large international engineering corporations. By presenting a practical guide for optimal approach selection, this paper contributes to the research in AI project management and organizational strategies for integrating AI technology into businesses. The framework might also help engineering companies choose the optimum AI approach to create business value.
47.	Eklund, Ulrik, 1967, et al. (författare) Architecture for embedded open software ecosystems 2014 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 92:O, 2003, Std 11898, s. 128-142 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Software is prevalent in embedded products and may be critical for the success of the products, but manufacturers may view software as a necessary evil rather than as a key strategic opportunity and business differentiator. One of the reasons for this can be extensive supplier and subcontractor relationships and the cost, effort or unpredictability of the deliverables from the subcontractors are experienced as a major problem. The paper proposes open software ecosystem as an alternative approach to develop software for embedded systems, and elaborates on the necessary quality attributes of an embedded platform underlying such an ecosystem. The paper then defines a reference architecture consisting of 17 key decisions together with four architectural patterns, and provides the rationale why they are essential for an open software ecosystem platform for embedded systems in general and automotive systems in particular. The reference architecture is validated through a prototypical platform implementation in an industrial setting, providing a deeper understanding of how the architecture could be realised in the automotive domain. Four potential existing platforms, all targeted at the embedded domain (Android, OKL4, AUTOSAR and Robocop), are evaluated against the identified quality attributes to see how they could serve as a basis for an open software ecosystem platform with the conclusion that while none of them is a perfect fit they all have fundamental mechanisms necessary for an open software ecosystem approach.
48.	Eriksson, Magnus, et al. (författare) Managing requirements specifications for product lines : An approach and industry case study 2009 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 82:3, s. 435-447 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Software product line development has emerged as a leading approach for software reuse. This paper describes an approach to manage natural-language requirements specifications in a software product line context. Variability in such product line specifications is modeled and managed using a feature model. The proposed approach has been introduced in the Swedish defense industry. We present a multiple-case study covering two different product lines with in total eight product instances. These were compared to experiences from previous projects in the organization employing clone-and-own reuse. We conclude that the proposed product line approach performs better than clone-and-own reuse of requirements specifications in this particular industrial context.
49.	Etemaadi, Ramin, et al. (författare) Quality-Driven Optimization of System Architecture : Industrial Case Study on an Automotive Sub-System 2013 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 86:10, s. 2559-2573 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Due to the complexity of today's embedded systems and time-to-market competition between companies developing embedded systems, system architects have to perform a complex task. To design a system which meets all its quality requirements becomes increasingly difficult because of customer demand for new innovative user functions. Methods and tools are needed to assist the architect during system design. The goal of this paper is to show how metaheuristic optimization approaches can improve the process of designing efficient architectures for a set of given quality attributes. A case study is conducted in which an architecture optimization framework is applied to an existing sub-system in the automotive industry. The case study shows that metaheuristic optimization approaches can find efficient solutions for all quality attributes while fulfilling given constraints. By optimizing multiple quality attributes the framework proposes revolutionary architecture solutions in contrast to human architects, who tend to propose solutions based on previous architectures. Although the case study shows savings in manual effort, it also shows that the proposed architecture solutions should be assessed by the human architect. So, the paper demonstrates how an architecture optimization framework complements the domain knowledge and experience of the architect.
50.	Etemadi, Khashayar, et al. (författare) Estimating the potential of program repair search spaces with commit analysis 2022 Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier BV. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 188 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The most natural method for evaluating program repair systems is to run them on bug datasets, such as Defects4J. Yet, using this evaluation technique on arbitrary real-world programs requires heavy configuration. In this paper, we propose a purely static method to evaluate the potential of the search space of repair approaches. This new method enables researchers and practitioners to encode the search spaces of repair approaches and select potentially useful ones without struggling with tool configuration and execution. We encode the search spaces by specifying the repair strategies they employ. Next, we use the specifications to check whether past commits lie in repair search spaces. For a repair approach, including many human-written past commits in its search space indicates its potential to generate useful patches. We implement our evaluation method in LIGHTER. LIGHTER gets a Git repository and outputs a list of commits whose source code changes lie in repair search spaces. We run LIGHTER on 55,309 commits from the history of 72 Github repositories with and show that LIGHTER's precision and recall are 77% and 92%, respectively. Overall, our experiments show that our novel method is both lightweight and effective to study the search space of program repair approaches.

Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka

Länka till träfflistan

Träfflista för sökning "L773:0164 1212 OR L773:1873 1228 "

Avgränsa träffmängd

År