| 1. |
- Gustafsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and partial characterization of an interleukin-1-like factor from rat testis interstitial fluid.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 14:2, s. 139-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Testicular interstitial fluid (ISF) was collected by in vivo perfusion of rat testes and analyzed for the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity by utilizing a murine thymocyte proliferation assay. IS obtained from nine rats were all positive with dose-response curves of IL-1 activity similar to those produced by rat testicular aqueous extracts, rat macrophage IL-1 and human recombinant IL-1α. Chromatofocusing of pooled ISF revealed a single peak of IL-1 activity with an estimated isoelectric point of 6.1–6.3. HPLC size exclusion chromatography demonstrated two active peaks with apparent molecular ratios Mr of 15,000–18,000 and 5000–7000, respectively. The molecular properties of the 15,000–18,000 Mr component are very similar to those of an IL-1-like factor previously isolated from seminiferous tubules. Our results indicate that the testicular IL-1-like factor is secreted by the seminiferous tubules into the interstitial tissue. Its function in the testicular interstitium is unknown but it might be relevant for the tendency to testicular relapse of childhood lymphocytic leukemia.
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| 2. |
- Matthiesen, Leif, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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In-situ detection of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells during pregnancy
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 58:1, s. 49-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Local and possibly systemic curtailment of the maternal immune response is important for a successful pregnancy. Although the local milieu at the utero-placental interface is likely to harbor the most prominent alterations, it is suggested, at least in mice, that systemic immunity is also tolerized during pregnancy. In the present study, we investigated mRNA expression of the key immunomodulatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interferon (IFN)-? during normal pregnancy. Material and methods: In-situ hybridization (ISH) of cytokine mRNA in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was used to detect the number of cells spontaneously expressing cytokines. Eleven women with normal gestations were followed during pregnancy as well as 8 weeks postpartum, and compared with 10 non-pregnant healthy controls. Results: The numbers of IFN-? and IL-4 mRNA expressing cells were found to be significantly increased during pregnancy and postpartum compared with non-pregnant controls. Pregnant women and non-pregnant controls did not differ in their expression of TNF-a and IL-10. Conclusion: Our studies demonstrated increased numbers of both IFN-? and IL-4 mRNA expressing cells in blood suggesting that systemic immunomodulation, albeit partial, takes place during normal pregnancy. It is proposed that enhanced IL-4 expression, possibly in concert with other elevated anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory cytokines, curtail the potentially hazardous effects of IFN-? on systemic immunity during pregnancy.
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| 3. |
- Abelius, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Placental immune response to apple allergen in allergic mothers
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 106, s. 100-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The immunological milieu in the placenta may be crucial for priming the developing foetal immune system. Early imbalances may promote the establishment of immune-mediated diseases in later life, including allergies. The initial exposure to allergens seems to occur in utero, but little is known about allergen-induced placental cytokine and chemokine release. The release of several cytokines and chemokines from placenta tissue after exposure to mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 or apple allergen in placentas from allergic and healthy mothers was to be analysed. Four placentas from women with apple allergy and three controls were applied in a placental perfusion model with two separate cotyledons simultaneously perfused with and without apple allergen (Mal d 1). Two control placentas were perfused with compound 48/80. In outflow, histamine was quantified spectrophotofluorometrically, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IFN-gamma by a cytometric multiplex bead array and IL-13 and CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL17 and CCL22 with an in-house multiplex Luminex assay. Compound 48/80 induced a rapid release of histamine, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL17 and CCL22, but not of the other factors. Apple allergen induced a time-dependent release of IL-6 and TNF, but not of histamine, in placentas of women with apple allergy compared with the unstimulated cotyledon. CCL17 levels were slightly increased after allergen stimulation in control placentas. Allergens can induce placental cytokines and chemokines distinctly in allergic and healthy mothers. These mediators may affect the prenatal development of the immune system and modify the risk of diseases related to immune disorders in childhood such as allergies.
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| 4. |
- Bartoszek, Krzysztof, et al.
(författare)
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Controversies around the statistical presentation of data on mRNA-COVID 19 vaccine safety in pregnant women
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The work entitled "Preliminary Findings of mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine Safety in Pregnant Persons" published on April 21, 2021, in The New England Journal of Medicine, presented data collected from American surveillance systems and registries. However, problems with an unanimous interpretation of those results appeared in the public debate and citing articles. Some stated that the risk of miscarriage in vaccinated women was similar to historical values reported before the vaccines approval. The others stated that risk was highly above-normative in women vaccinated during the first and second trimesters. We found several problems with the statistical treatment/interpretation of the originally presented values: a substantial percentage (up to 95.6%) of missing data, an incorrect denominator used for risk estimation, and too short follow-up that disabled the evaluation of the studys endpoint in numerous participants. Eventually, the Authors published a corrigendum on September 8, 2021, and pointed to updated data. Herein, we explain the statistical controversies raised by the original presentation and stress that analyzing the trade-off between knowledge and confusion brought by the release of incomplete results of such a high social interest, should aid in solving the dilemma of whether to publish preliminary data or none.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bruno, V., et al.
(författare)
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Low molecular weight heparin -induced miRNA changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in pregnancies with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (uRPL) is a clinical condition for which there is a lack of evidenced-based therapies. However, in clinical practice, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) has been widely used as an empirical therapy since immune effects have been hypothesized in modulating immune tolerance at the fetal maternal interface. Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in establishing of immune tolerance, at fetal-maternal interface. To investigate potential induced immune-epigenetic changes at maternal periphery level, which could reflect the maternal-fetal interface condition, seems to open up new therapeutical strategies, since microRNAs circulating in maternal plasma and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may be specific and sensitive immunological markers/predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as RPL.Our aim in this pilot study is to evaluate potential LMWH effects on genes regulating immunological response key mechanisms related to maternal-fetal tolerance processes, by studying circulating miRNAs in maternal peripheral blood. We tested a panel of selected miRNAs on three groups: 18 healthy pregnant women, 20 pregnant women affected by uRPL, 18 pregnant women affected by uRPL, treated with LMWH. The majority of differentially expressed miRNAs (miR 374a-5p, 19a-3p, 30e-5p, 128-3p, 155-5p and 200c-3p) were found to be modulated by LMWH, which seems to have a positive function in RPL patients, by bringing patients values back to those comparable to the control ones. Selected microRNA panels would appear to be an effective clinical tool for uRPL diagnosis and management. LMWH-modified miRNA expression levels could be targets for immunotherapy, as LMWH would appear to restore physiological miRNA levels, which are dysregulated in uRPL.
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| 7. |
- Collin, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Constitutive expression of the antibacterial CXC chemokine GCP-2/CXCL6 by epithelial cells of the male reproductive tract.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7603 .- 0165-0378. ; 79, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reproductive tract is continuously challenged by potential pathogens present in the environment. Therefore, robust host defense mechanisms are essential both for the health of the individual and for fertilization. Antibiotic innate immunity peptides possess broad antimicrobial activity. Recently, we found that the CXC chemokine, granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP)-2/CXCL6, possesses antibacterial activity. In the present study, we investigated, therefore, the presence of GCP-2/CXCL6 in the human male reproductive system. GCP-2/CXCL6 was detected at 19nM (mean; range: 5-47nM; n=14) in seminal plasma of fertile donors, i.e. at levels more than 100 times higher than those previously reported for the related chemokine IL-8/CXCL8. No GCP-2/CXCL6 could be detected in blood plasma of healthy donors, indicating local production in the male reproductive tract. In vasectomized donors, significantly lower levels of GCP-2/CXCL6 were found (mean: 3nM; range 2-7nM; n=7), demonstrating that the testis and epididymis contribute significantly to the GCP-2/CXCL6 content of seminal plasma. Strong expression of GCP-2/CXCL6 was found in the epithelium of the testis, epididymis and seminal vesicles, while the prostate epithelium showed weak expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry. A biological function is suggested, viz. at concentrations of the order of those found in seminal plasma, GCP-2/CXCL6 has antibacterial activity against the urogenital pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae. GCP-2/CXCL6 in seminal plasma may play roles in both host defense of the male urogenital tract and during fertilization.
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| 8. |
- Consiglio, Camila, et al.
(författare)
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Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 159, s. 29-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Biological sex impacts human immune responses, modulating susceptibility and severity to immune-related diseases. Female generally mount more robust immune responses than males, resulting in lower infection severity and greater autoimmunity incidence. Here, we addressed the contribution of testosterone to human immune function by analyzing a cohort of subjects undergoing gender-affirming testosterone treatment. We performed systems-level immunomonitoring through mass cytometry, scRNA and scA-TAC-Sequencing, and proteome profiling of blood samples at baseline and following 3 and 12 months of treatment. Testosterone treatment was associated with a low-grade inflammatory profile, evidenced by upregulation of proinflammatory plasma proteome (e.g., EN-RAGE, OSM, TNF), and induction of an inflammatory transcriptional program associated with NFkB signaling, and TNF signaling. Following testosterone treatment, higher NFkB activity was revealed in CD4 T, CD8 T, and NK cells in scATACseq analyses. Further, testosterone increased monocytic inflammatory responses upon bacterial stimulation in vitro. Although testosterone was associated with this inflammatory profile, it also exerted negative effects on antiviral immunity. Firstly, the percentage of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) decreased over transition, with pDC also displaying phenotypic changes associated with lower IFN responses. Secondly, bulk transcriptomics analyses show an overall reduction of IFNa responses. Thirdly, testosterone treatment led to reduced IFNa production upon PBMCs stimulation with a viral agonist. Our results show that testosterone has broad effects on the human immune system, and significantly modulates important players in antiviral immunity and inflammatory response. Identifying pathways involved in immune sexual dimorphism will help define novel targets for effective prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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| 9. |
- Cunningham, Kelly A, et al.
(författare)
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CTA1-DD is an effective adjuvant for targeting anti-chlamydial immunity to the murine genital mucosa.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of reproductive immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7603 .- 0165-0378. ; 81:1, s. 34-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlamydia trachomatis is a significant human pathogen with potentially severe disease sequelae in the genital tract, including infertility. A successful vaccine will need to effectively target immunity to the genital mucosa. Intranasal immunisation with cholera toxin (CT) can target immunity to the genital tract, but has the potential to cause neurological side effects. CTA1-DD is a non-toxic potent mucosal adjuvant which combines the enzymatic properties of CT, with a B cell targeting moiety. Here, we demonstrate that intranasal immunisation with CTA1-DD and chlamydial Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) results in the induction of neutralising systemic and mucosal antibodies, and reduces the level of chlamydial shedding following intravaginal challenge with Chlamydia muridarum. Thus, CTA1-DD is an effective adjuvant for vaccine development against Chlamydia trachomatis, and possibly also a range of other genital pathogens.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Dubicke, Aurelija, et al.
(författare)
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High-mobility group box protein 1 and its signalling receptors in human preterm and term cervix
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7603 .- 0165-0378. ; 84:1, s. 86-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to identify possible changes in mRNA and protein expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and its suggested receptors - receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 - in human cervix during pregnancy, term and preterm labor. Cervical biopsies were taken from 58 women: 20 at preterm labor, 24 at term labor, 10 at term not in labor and 4 from non-pregnant women. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression, and immunohistochemistry and ELISA for protein analysis. HMGB1, RAGE, TLR2 and TLR4 proteins were localized and their mRNA expression was detected in the cervix. There was more extranuclear HMGB1 in the cervical epithelium and stroma in preterm and term labor compared to the term not in labor. TLR2 mRNA expression was upregulated 5-fold in term labor and 3-fold in preterm labor compared to term not in labor and non-pregnant controls. There was lower expression of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNAs in preterm labor compared to term. Lower mRNA expression of HMGB1 was found in the subgroup with preterm premature rupture of membranes than in the rest of the preterm group, where levels were significantly higher than in term labor. In conclusion, extranuclear expression of HMGB1 during labor suggests a possible role of HMGB1 during the process of cervical ripening. Changes in expression of mRNAs encoding HMGB1, TLR2 and TLR4 in preterm labor suggest differences in the mechanism of cervical ripening at preterm and term delivery. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Dubicke, Aurelija, et al.
(författare)
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Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human preterm and term cervical ripening
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 84:2, s. 176-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical ripening is necessary for successful delivery. Since cytokines are believed to be involved in this process, the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-12, IL-18) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13)in the human cervix during pregnancy, term and preterm labor. Cervical biopsies were taken from 59 women: 21 at preterm labor, 24 at term labor, 10 at term not in labor and 4 from non-pregnant women. mRNA was analyzed with real-time RT-PCR and protein expression and/or secretion with immunohistochemistry and ELISA. There was an upregulation of mRNA for IL-10, IL-13, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in the laboring groups, while mRNA for IL-12 and IL-18 was downregulated. IL-4 mRNA was detected more frequently, while IL-12 mRNA expression was lower, in the preterm labor group than in the term labor group. The protein levels of IL-4 and IL-12 were lower and IL-18 tended to be higher in the labor groups, while IL-10 protein levels were unaffected by labor. IL-4 protein levels were significantly higher in the preterm subgroup with bacterial infection than in the non-infected group. IL-10 had higher expression in squamous epithelium at preterm labor than at term. In conclusion, the major changes in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein expression in cervix occur during the labor process irrespective of the length of gestation. Our results indicate that dysregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the human cervix could be involved in the pathogenesis of preterm labor.
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| 14. |
- Hartmann, S., et al.
(författare)
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Can single-cell and spatial omics unravel the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Characterised by the onset of hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of pregnancy, it can lead to maternal end-organ injury such as cerebral ischemia and oedema, pulmonary oedema and renal failure, and potentially fatal outcomes for both mother and fetus. The causes of the different maternal end-organ phenotypes of pre-eclampsia and why some women develop pre-eclampsia condition early in pregnancy have yet to be elucidated. Omics methods include proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics. These omics techniques, previously mostly used on bulk tissue and individually, are increasingly available at a single cellular level and can be combined with each other. Multi-omics techniques on a single-cell or spatial level provide us with a powerful tool to understand the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia. This review will explore the status of omics methods and how they can and could contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.
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| 15. |
- Ibitokou, Samad, et al.
(författare)
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Gestational age-related changes in the peripheral blood cell composition of sub-Saharan African women
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 98:1-2, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gestational age-related changes in the cellular composition of peripheral blood have not been described in sub-Saharan African settings. We conducted longitudinal cohort studies in Beninese and Tanzanian mothers with quantification of peripheral blood mononuclear cell-types ex vivo using flow cytometry. Between the second trimester and delivery the frequency of CD4(+) T cells declined significantly, contrasting with a non-significant increase in CD8(+) T cells, but no changes in T-regulatory, NK or NKT cell frequencies. Antigen-presenting cell profiles were also unaltered, although non-significant trends were evident. These changes resemble in some respects those reported during pregnancies in developed countries, but differ in others.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Kempe, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Immune profile in relation to sex steroid cyclicity in healthy women and women with multiple sclerosis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 1:26, s. 53-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To prospectively study systemic in vivo immunological effects of sex hormones, using different phases of oral combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC), and the natural menstrual cycles in both healthy women and in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), blood samples from sixty female MS patients and healthy controls with and without CHC were drawn in high and low estrogenic/progestogenic phases. Expression of Th-associated genes in blood cells was determined by qPCR and a panel of cytokines and chemokines was measured in plasma. High hormone level phases were associated with increases in Th1 (TBX21) and Th2 (GATA3) associated markers, as well as the B cell-associated chemokine CXCL13, while the inhibitory regulator CTLA-4 was decreased. These changes were not observed in MS patients, of whom most were treated with immunomodulatory drugs. Our data indicate immune activating properties in vivo of high steroid sex hormone levels during both CHC and normal menstrual cyclicity.
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| 18. |
- Lash, Gendie E., et al.
(författare)
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Decidual cytokines and pregnancy complications: focus on spontaneous miscarriage
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 108, s. 83-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The establishment of pregnancy requires the co-ordinated implantation of the embryo into the receptive decidua, placentation, trophoblast invasion of the maternal decidua and myometrium in addition to remodelling of the uterine spiral arteries. Failure of any of these steps can lead to a range of pregnancy complications, including miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placenta accreta and pre-term birth. Cytokines are small multifunctional proteins often derived from leucocytes and have primarily been described through their immunomodulatory actions. The maternal-fetal interface is considered to be immunosuppressed to allow development of the semi-allogeneic placental fetal unit. However, cytokine profiles of the decidua and different decidual cell types suggest that the in vivo situation might be more complex. Data suggest that decidual-derived cytokines not only play roles in immunosuppression, but also in other aspects of the establishment of pregnancy, including the regulation of trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodelling. This review focuses on the potential role of decidua-derived cytokines in the aetiology of unexplained spontaneous miscarriage. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
- Lindau, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Decidual stromal cells support tolerance at the human foetal-maternal interface by inducing regulatory M2 macrophages and regulatory T-cells
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During pregnancy, the semi-allogeneic nature of the foetus requires maternal immune adaption and acquisition of tolerance at the foetal-maternal interface. Macrophages with regulatory properties and regulatory T (Treg) cells are central in promoting foetal tolerance and are enriched in the decidua (the uterine endometrium during pregnancy). Although tissue-resident decidual stromal cells (DSC) have been implicated in regulatory functions, it is not known if they are able to induce the regulatory phenotype of macrophages and T-cells. In this study we report that maternally derived DSC are able to induce homeostatic M2 macrophages and Treg cells. CD14+ monocytes and CD4+ T-cells from healthy non-pregnant women were cultured in the presence or absence of conditioned medium (CM) from DSC isolated from 1st trimester and term placentas. DSC-CM alone was able to promote the survival of macrophages and to induce a regulatory CD14brightCD163+CD209+CD86dim phenotype, typical for decidual macrophages and similar to that induced by M-CSF. Interestingly, DSC-CM was also able to overrule the pro-inflammatory effects of GM-CSF by upregulating CD14, CD163 and CD209. Protein-profiling showed that M-CSF was secreted by DSC, and blocking of M-CSF partially reversed the M2 phenotype and reduced viability. DSC-CM also expanded CD25brightFoxp3+ Treg cells, an expansion that was abolished by a SMAD3-inhibitor, indicating the contribution of TGF-beta signaling. In conclusion, our findings collectively emphasize the role of tissue-resident stromal cells in shaping the tolerogenic environment at the foetal-maternal interface.
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| 20. |
- Lindehammer, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Seroconversion to islet autoantibodies between early pregnancy and delivery in non-diabetic mothers
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7603 .- 0165-0378. ; 88:1, s. 72-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Islet autoantibodies are currently used to classify type 1 diabetes at diagnosis as they reflect the autoimmune pathogenesis of the disease. The presence of maternal autoantibodies reactive with pancreatic islet antigens is thought to increase the risk for type 1 diabetes in the offspring. The objective of this study was to determine seroconversion to islet autoantibodies in non-diabetic mothers during pregnancy. Screening of 33,682 mothers between September 2000 and August 2004 in the Diabetes Prediction in Skane (DiPiS) study showed that at delivery, 242 non-diabetic mothers had increased titers of islet autoantibodies reactive with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) or insulin (IAA), alone or in combination. Control mothers (n = 1419), who were islet autoantibody negative at delivery, were randomly selected and matched by age, parity and pregnancy sampling date. Mothers positive for GADA (92%), IA-2A (84%) or IAA (65%) at delivery had increased titers already evident in early pregnancy. Titers declined for GADA (p<0.0001). IA-2A (p<0.0001) and IAA (p<0.0001). Seroconversion during pregnancy was observed for GADA in 10 (8%), IA-2A in 3 (16%) and IAA in 37 (35%) mothers. It is concluded that non-diabetic mothers with islet autoantibodies at delivery had significantly higher titers during early pregnancy than at delivery. As the statistical power in the seroconverting mothers was insufficient, further studies are needed to determine if the risk for type 1 diabetes in the offspring differs between mothers who already had increased titers of islet autoantibodies during early pregnancy or acquired them during pregnancy. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Nongbua, Thanapol, et al.
(författare)
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Bull seminal plasma stimulates in vitro production of TGF-beta, IL-6 and IL-8 from bovine endometrial epithelial cells, depending on dose and bull fertility
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seminal plasma (SP) regulates immune responses in the female reproductive tract through specific cytokines. It is not known whether SP from high fertility bulls (H) differs from SP from low fertility bulls (L). In this study, the cytokine response of bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEEC) in culture was investigated after challenge with SP from two bulls of below average (L) or three bulls of above average fertility (H). The bEECs were challenged with 1% or 4% SP from L- or H-fertility bulls (L1, L4, H1, H4, respectively) or 1%, or 4% PBS as control (C1, C4) for 72 h. The culture media were analysed for concentrations (pg/million cells) of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3) by Luminex, and Interleukin 6 and 8 (IL-6, IL-8) by ELISA. Challenge significantly affected production of TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2 and IL-8 compared to controls and was affected by bull fertility (p < 0.0001), SP concentration (p < 0.0001) and their interaction (p < 0.0001). A higher production of TGF beta 1, TGF-beta 2 and IL-8 (p < 0.0001), and also IL-6 (p < 0.01), resulted from challenge with high doses of SP, being higher for L than H (p < 0.05). For TGF-beta 3, fertility of bull (p < 0.05). For TGF-B3, fertility of bull (p < 0.05) and the interaction between fertility and concentration of SP were significant (p < 0.01). In conclusion, 4% SP from L bulls stimulated more TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, TGF-beta 3, IL-6 and IL-8 production than SP from H bulls, indicating that stimulation of the endometrium is relevant for fertility. Seminal plasma from high fertility bulls seems to affect cytokine production in utero positively in inseminated cows.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Persson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Immunological status in patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation : responses to hormone treatment and relationship to outcome
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 96:1-2, s. 58-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We aimed to prospectively investigate the paternal antigen-induced cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in response to hormone treatment in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and to examine the predictive value of the cytokine secretion profile in the outcome of IVF treatment, in a pilot study. Twenty-five women were included and IVF treatment was successful for six and unsuccessful for 19 women. Blood samples were collected before IVF treatment, on four occasions during IVF and four weeks after embryo transfer. The numbers of Th1-, Th2- and Th17-associated cytokine-secreting cells and cytokine levels in cell supernatants were analysed by enzyme-linked immunospot-forming (ELISpot), enzyme-linked immune-sorbent (ELISA) or Luminex assay. None of the cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, TNF and GM-CSF) had any predictive value regarding IVF outcome. The majority of the cytokines reached their peak levels at ovum pick-up, suggesting an enhancing influence of the hormonal stimulation. Pregnancy was associated with a high number of IL-4-, IL-5- and IL-13-secreting cells four weeks after ET. In conclusion, the results do not support our hypothesis of a more pronounced peripheral Th1 and Th17 deviation towards paternal antigens in infertile women with an unsuccessful IVF outcome, although this is based on a small number of observations. A larger study is required to confirm this conclusion. Higher numbers of Th2-associated cytokine-secreting cells in pregnant women four weeks after ET do corroborate the hypothesis of a Th2 deviation during pregnancy.
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| 25. |
- Persson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Increased circulating paternal antigen-specific IFN-γ- and IL-4-secreting cells during pregnancy in allergic and non-allergic women
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 79:1, s. 70-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Allergic women have been reported to give birth to more children than non-allergic women, speculatively explained by the former's predisposition for Th2 polarization, possibly favoring pregnancy.AIM: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that allergy is associated with more Th2-deviated responses to paternal antigens throughout pregnancy.METHODS: Blood samples were collected on six occasions during pregnancy and two occasions postpartum (pp). Of the 86 women initially included, 54 women had a normal pregnancy and completed the sampling procedures. Eleven women fulfilled the strict criteria for allergy (allergic symptoms and circulating IgE antibodies to inhalant allergens) and 23 were strictly non-allergic (non-sensitized without symptoms). The numbers of blood mononuclear cells secreting IFN-gamma and IL-4, spontaneously and in response to paternal alloantigens, were compared between the groups.RESULTS: The numbers of spontaneously as well as paternal antigen-induced IFN-gamma- and IL-4-secreting cells were similar in allergic and non-allergic pregnant women on all occasions. A similar increase in the numbers of both IFN-gamma- and IL-4-secreting cells were found in allergic and non-allergic women during pregnancy, both regarding spontaneous and paternal antigen-induced secretion.CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the hypothesis of a more pronounced Th2-deviation to paternal antigens in allergic pregnant women compared with non-allergic pregnant women, as measured by number of cytokine-secreting cells. The observed increase of both IFN-gamma- and IL-4-secreting cells during normal pregnancy may be interpreted as a Th2-situation, since the effects of IL-4 predominate over the effects of IFN-gamma.
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| 26. |
- Persson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced IFN-γ and IL-10 responses to paternal antigens during and after pregnancy in allergic women
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 95:1-2, s. 50-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal pregnancy and allergy are both characterized by a T helper (Th) 2 deviation. In the current study, we hypothesized that paternal antigen-induced cytokine responses during pregnancy would be deviated toward Th2 and an anti-inflammatory profile, and that the Th2 deviation would be more pronounced in allergic pregnant women. Blood samples were collected longitudinally on three occasions during pregnancy and two occasions post partum (pp). Of the 86 women initially included, 54 women had a normal pregnancy and completed the sampling procedures. Twelve women fulfilled the criteria for allergy (allergic symptoms and circulating immunoglobulin [Ig] E antibodies to inhalant allergens) and 20 were non-allergic (nonsensitized without symptoms). The levels of Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines, the Th17 cytokine IL-17 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 of the groups were compared. Paternal antigen-induced IL-4 and IL-10 responses increased between the first and the third trimester. Allergy was associated with decreased paternal antigen-induced IFN-γ and CXCL10 secretion in the nonpregnant state (one year pp) and also decreased IFN-γ/IL-4 and IFN-γ/IL-13 ratios during pregnancy. We also observed a decreased paternal antigen-induced IL-10 response in allergic compared with non-allergic women during pregnancy, along with a decreased IL-10/IL-13 ratio. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis of lower Th1 responses toward paternal antigens in allergic than in non-allergic women, but also indicate that allergy is associated with a lower capacity to induce anti-inflammatory IL-10 responses after paternal antigen stimulation during pregnancy.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Rodriguez-Martinez, Heriberto, et al.
(författare)
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Spermadhesin PSP-I/PSP-II heterodimer induces migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils into the uterine cavity of the sow
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 84:1, s. 57-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seminal plasma (SP) is a complex fluid which exerts biological actions in the female reproductive tract. In pigs, SP elicits endometrial inflammation and consequent immune changes after mating. This study tested whether heparin-binding spermadhesins (HBPs) and the heterodimer of porcine sperm adhesions I and II (PSP-I/PSP-II) in SP recruit different lymphocyte subsets (CD2(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells) or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the superficial endometrium or luminal epithelium and lumen, respectively, of oestrous sows. In Experiment 1, endometrial biopsies were taken between 2 and 120 min after infusion of uterine horns with HBPs, PSP-I/PSP-II or saline and evaluated by immunohistochemistry or histology. In Experiment 2, the uterus of oestrous sows was infused with PSP-I/PSP-II or saline to assess PMN numbers in the uterine lumen 3 h later. PSP-I/PSP-II elicited CD2(+) T cell recruitment from 10 min, and CD8(+) T cells from 60 min after infusion, while HBPs increased CD4(+) T cell recruitment by 120 min. PSP-I/PSP-II but not HBPs induced PMN migration to the surface epithelium by 10 min. PMN numbers were elevated 5-fold by 30 min and 7-fold from 60 min. with PMNs detectable in the lumen from 30 min after infusion. Six-fold more PMNs were collected from the uterine lumen of PSP-I/PSP-II-infused sows compared to controls at 3 h after infusion. These data show that PSP-I/PSP-II heterodimer in seminal plasma has a predominant role in triggering the recruitment of uterine PMNs and T cells after mating, initiating a cascade of transient and long-lasting immunological events. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 30. |
- Svensson, Alexandra, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Role of IFN-alpha/beta signaling in the prevention of genital herpes virus type 2 infection.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of reproductive immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 74:1-2, s. 114-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has shown that IFN-alpha/beta signaling is crucial for combating primary herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection and for responding to immunotherapy using ligands to TLR3, 7 and 9, but not for vaccine-induced immunity. Both genital viral replication and the disease progression were enhanced in HSV-2-infected mice lacking the IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFN-alpha/betaR-/-). IFN-alpha/betaR-/- mice were, however, able to mount a normal HSV-2-specific Th1 response and acquired sterilizing immunity following vaccination. Anti-viral treatments using agonists to TLR3, 7 and 9 by administration of synthetic dsRNA, imiquimod and oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs, respectively, were strongly dependent on IFN-alpha/beta receptor signaling for their efficacy. Even though all treatments had a weak impact on local vaginal viral replication in infected IFN-alpha/betaR-/- animals, they did not affect disease progression or mortality in these animals as opposed to wild type controls where all three treatments reduced viral replication as well as disease severity and mortality. Lack of IFN-alpha/betaR signaling also blocked production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in response to TLR9 activation. These studies have shown that IFN-alpha/beta receptor signaling is important for multiple events in the anti-viral defense.
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| 31. |
- Svensson, Judit, et al.
(författare)
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Gene expression and protein secretion patterns in decidual macrophages and different M1 and M2 macrophage populations with focus on M-CSF and IL-10 as polarising factors in JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, vol 90, issue 2, pp 151-151
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378 .- 1872-7603. ; 90:2, s. 151-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: We have recently observed (Svensson et al., data to be published) that M-CSF and IL-10, among several factors tested, are able to induce macrophages (MΦ) with phenotypic characteristics of decidual MΦ with expression of typical M2, or immune regulatory, cell surface markers (scavenger receptor, mannose receptor, DC-SIGN). The aim of this study was to investigate in a comprehensive manner whether this finding could be shown by an extended mapping of secreted molecules and also at the gene expression level.Materials and methods: CD14+ blood monocytes and decidual MΦ from healthy first trimester pregnant women (n = 11) were isolated by immunomagnetic cell sorting (MACS). MΦ were also generated in vitro from MACS-sorted CD14+ blood monocytes from non-pregnant women. RNA was isolated from blood monocytes and MΦ and the expression of 100 decidual MΦ-associated genes (Gustafsson et al., PlosOne 2008) was analysed with a custom microarray. RT-PCR was used to analyse the gene expression of IRF5, which was recently associated with classically activated (M1) MΦ. A multiplex bead assay was used to quantify the levels of cytokines and chemokines in conditioned media.Results: To estimate the similarity of the in vitro differentiated MΦ with decidual MΦ, we performed hierarchical clustering of differentially regulated genes. M1 MΦ and MΦ treated with GM-CSF and IL-4/13 formed their own branches, indicating transcriptional profiles clearly differing from all other MΦ types analysed. MΦ differentiated with M-CSF alone or with IL-10, regardless of the growth factor used, clustered together with decidual MΦ, supporting their close relationship. Genes similarly regulated in these macrophages were not restricted to immune modulating genes. This group included the M2-associated chemokines CCL2 and CCL18, the immune modulating B7 family-related VSIG4, the angiogenic insulin-like growth factor-1 and the M2-associated folate receptor β-encoding FOLR2 and selenoprotein-encoding SEPP1. The M2 polarisation status of decidual MΦ was confirmed by low expression of the M1-associated transcription factor IRF5, and comparable levels were detected in M-CSF- and IL-10-stimulated MΦ. IRF5 expression was higher in M1 MΦ and, surprisingly, also in IL-4/13-stimulated MΦ. As to protein secretion, decidual and M-CSF/IL-10-stimulated MΦ were found to produce comparable levels of IL-10 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF, while M1 MΦ produced significantly higher levels of TNF and did not produce IL-10. Decidual and M-CSF/IL-10-stimulated MΦ also produced high levels of the monocyte- and granulocyte-recruiting chemokines CCL2, CCL4 and CXCL1, while the Th1 cell-recruiting CXCL10 and the Th2 cell-recruiting CCL22 were only produced at low levels. CXCL10 was highest in M1 MΦ, while CCL22 levels were highest in GM-CSF and/or IL-4/13-stimulated MΦ.Conclusions: Our data consistently shows a central role for M-CSF and IL-10 as polarising agents for decidual MΦ, while Th2 and pro-inflammatory agents induce MΦ with clearly differing characteristics. We hypothesise that decidual MΦ have a predominant homeostatic function. This is supported by their low production of both Th1 and Th2 cell-recruiting chemokines. It is thus likely that M-CSF and IL-10 shape the polarisation of decidual MΦ contributing to the homeostatic and tolerant immune environment required for successful fetal development.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Leukocyte networks and ovulation.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of reproductive immunology. - 0165-0378. ; 57:1-2, s. 47-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovulation, the process whereby the oocyte is expelled from the interior of the follicle, is the final process of folliculogenesis. During the last decade, data have accumulated to suggest that tissue-bound leukocytes are major effector cells in several physiological processes within the reproductive tract. Some specific subclasses of leukocytes seem to be critically involved in the process of ovulation. The main components of this ovulatory process are degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) at the follicular apex and changes in the follicular vasculature. The leukocytes participate actively in these events by secretion of proteases and vasoactive substances. This review covers our current understanding of the mechanisms by which the leukocytes are attracted to the preovulatory follicle after the LH-surge and the roles that the activated leukocytes play in the follicle during the ovulatory period.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Forsberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Plasticity and flexibility of T cells in human pregnancy in JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, vol 90, issue 2, pp 149-149
- 2011
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0378. ; , s. 149-149
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:Pregnancy challenges the immune system. Thus, tolerance to the semi-allogenic fetus must be supported while the mother and fetus still must be protected against infectious agents. Pregnancy is associated with a Th2 deviated immune system, away from a harmful Th1 associated immunity, although this may be a simplified view. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are enriched in the uterus, but occur at normal frequency in the circulation. It has become increasingly evident that Tregs and T helper cells are not stably committed lineages but are plastic, showing close relationships between subsets. We hypothesize that an increased T cell flexibility in pregnancy can help to explain the paradox of simultaneous tolerance and strong antimicrobial responses. Our aim was to investigate whether the plasticity concept is applicable for the Treg subset, and if it involves the entire T helper population. Material and methods: Isolated Tregs (CD4dimCD25high) and control cells (CD4+CD25−) from second trimester pregnant (n = 14) and non-pregnant women (n = 14) were stimulated for 24 h with plate-bound anti-CD3/anti-CD28. Signature gene and protein expression of each T cell subset was measured using transcription factor expression by real time-PCR and multiplex bead array of cell culture supernatants, respectively. The whole PBMC fraction is also used in ongoing experiments and either stimulated with plate-bound anti-CD3/anti-CD28 or with the Th1, Th2 and Th17 deviating microbial agents PPD (Th1), TT (Th2) and C. albicans hyphae (Th17). After culturing, the cells are stained for intracellular transcription factors associated with Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg immunity. Results: Stimulated Tregs from pregnant compared to non-pregnant women showed significantly higher levels of markers for Treg cells (Foxp3 mRNA), Th2 cells (GATA-3 mRNA and IL4 protein) and a tendency to increase in markers of Th17 (RORC mRNA and IL-17 protein), whereas Th1 markers (Tbet mRNA and IFN-γ) showed no difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Further, ongoing studies may reveal if the entire T helper population shows a higher degree of responsiveness during pregnancy. Conclusions: Our results imply an increased plasticity of the Treg population during pregnancy, suggesting that Treg cells are able to switch to a Th2/Th17-like phenotype, depending on current demands of tolerance or infectious threats.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Gustafsson (Lidström), Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine secretion in decidual mononuclear cells from term human pregnancy with or without labour : ELISPOT detection of IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta and TNF-alpha
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of reproductive immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378. ; 71:1, s. 41-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytokines are believed to be important in maintaining pregnancy and in the process of labour induction in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the secretion of the cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in decidual tissue with or without labour. Decidual tissue was collected from 32 healthy women undergoing elective caesarean sections before the onset of labour (n = 17) or after normal vaginal delivery (n = 15). Mononuclear cells were analysed for cytokine secretion with ELISPOT. To validate the widely used method of tissue collected at caesarean sections and after vaginal deliveries as a representative of before and after labour, respectively, placenta biopsies were collected from 12 healthy women to study the expression of the prostaglandin pathway enzymes cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES). Decidual mononuclear cells from term human pregnancy spontaneously secrete IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β and TNF-α. No difference was seen in cytokine secretion with or without labour, indicating that decidual leukocytes are not the main cell population responsible for plausible cytokine regulation in the process of termination of pregnancy. Placental tissues obtained after vaginal delivery showed a higher mRNA expression of the prostaglandin regulating molecules COX-2 and mPGES than tissues from caesarean sections before the onset of labour, validating that the model can be used as a representative of the state before and after labour.
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| 46. |
- Jonsson, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine mapping of sera from women with preeclampsia and from women with normal pregnancies
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378. ; 70:1-2, s. 83-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome. The immune system in preeclampsia is changed with an increased innate activity and there is a hypothesis of a shift towards Th1-type immunity. The aim of this study was to determine a spectrum of soluble immunological factors denoting different aspects of immune activation in third trimester sera from women with preeclampsia (N = 15) and compare with levels in sera from normal pregnant women (N = 15). Material and methods IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 p40, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, IFN-α, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, MIP-lα, MIP-1β, MCP-1, eotaxin and RANTES were measured in serum using multiplex bead arrays. The levels of soluble CD14 and soluble IL-4 receptor were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Results Preeclamptic women had significantly increased levels of circulating IL-6 (p = 0.002), IL-8 (p = 0.003) and soluble IL-4R (p = 0.037), compared to women with normal pregnancies. Conclusion This study supports the hypothesis of increased inflammatory responses in preeclampsia, illustrated by the increased levels of IL-6 and IL-8. The finding of increased levels of soluble IL-4 receptor is an intriguing finding with several interpretations, which may partly support the hypothesis of a Th1 shift in preeclampsia.
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| 47. |
- Jonsson, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Indications of an altered immune balance in preeclampsia : A decrease in in vitro secretion of IL-5 and IL-10 from blood mononuclear cells and in blood basophil counts compared with normal pregnancy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378. ; 66:1, s. 69-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been suggested that maladaptation of the maternal immune response during pregnancy might be a causal factor for preeclampsia. This study was designed to examine the systemic immune status at both the innate level and the adaptive level in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (n = 15) and normal pregnancies (n = 15). Spontaneous and in vitro-induced secretion of IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and TNF-α, in response to paternal blood cells and the vaccination antigens purified protein derivate of tuberculin (PPD) and tetanus toxoid (TT), was detected in cell culture supernatants from blood mononuclear cells by ELISA. Preeclamptic women showed reduced numbers of basophil granulocytes in the blood (p = 0.004) and lower spontaneous secretion of IL-5 from blood mononuclear cells (p = 0.016). In addition, paternal antigen-induced secretion of IL-10 was decreased in preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy (p = 0.012). No further differences between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy were found for any stimuli or cytokines. The present findings of reduced basophil numbers and lower spontaneous in vitro secretion of IL-5 in preeclampsia compared with normal pregnancy indicate a decrease in systemic Th2 immunity in preeclampsia. Furthermore, the decrease in paternal antigen-induced secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 in preeclampsia indicates a fetus-specific decrease in immunosuppression mediated by blood mononuclear cells. Whether these systemic changes are a cause or a consequence of preeclampsia remains to be elucidated.
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| 48. |
- Kelemu, Tsehayneh, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphism in killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigen-c and predisposition to preeclampsia in Ethiopian pregnant women population
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378. ; 141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a human specific pregnancy-related syndrome of unknown etiology that affects 2–8 % of pregnancies. Polymorphism in maternal Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs) and the ligand fetal Human Leukocyte Antigen-C (HLA-C) may predispose pregnant mothers for PE due to defective trophoblast invasion into the maternal decidua. Our study aimed to investigate the association between maternal KIR and fetal HLA-C polymorphism and PE in Ethiopian pregnant women. Methods: We included a total of 288 (157 controls and 131 PE cases) in a case-controls study at Adama Regional Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. The KIR and HLA-C genotyping was done using traditional polymerase chain reaction on genomic DNA extracted form maternal venous and cord blood followed by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: The statistical associations between variables were evaluated using Pearson's Chi-square test. P < 0.05, with 95 % confidence interval was considered statistically significant. A significant association was observed between the KIR2DS1 and PE, with a higher frequency (60.5 %) of the gene in the control group. Similarly, a significant association was observed between KIR AA genotype and PE, with a higher frequency (38.2 %) of this genotype in the PE group. Ethiopians share the same risk genotype for PE as seen in previous African and European studies, namely homozygosity of a maternal KIR AA genotype. However, Ethiopians differ from other East African populations by sharing the same protective KIR2DS1 gene as Europeans.
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| 49. |
- Lind, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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First trimester enterovirus IgM and beta cell autoantibodies in mothers to children affected by type 1 diabetes autoimmunity before 7 years of age
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Reproductive Immunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0378. ; 127, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Autoimmune (type 1) diabetes (T1D) is a frequent chronic disease in children and adolescents globally. Gestational enterovirus (EV) infections have been associated with an increased risk for T1D in the offspring. We test the hypothesis that EV infections during the first trimester were associated with beta cell autoantibodies in mothers of children who developed islet autoantibodies before 7 years of age. Materials and methods: Local registries were used to identify mothers to children born 2000–2007 who developed either beta cell autoantibodies or T1D during follow up. Serum samples from the first trimester were located in the Biobank. A total of 448 index mothers were identified and compared to 891 matched control mothers. EV-IgM was determined in a capture enzyme immunoassay. Beta cell autoantibodies were analyzed in standard radio binding assays. Results: The frequency of EV-IgM in index mothers was 20% (89/448), which did not differ from the control mothers 20% (175/891) (p = 0.922). Index mothers had multiple beta cell autoantibodies more often than control mothers (p = 0.037). Beta cell autoantibodies were increased during the November–April winter months in index compared to control mothers (p = 0.022). The observed difference was possibly explained by the months of February-April (p = 0.014). Concomitant EV-IgM and beta cell autoantibodies tended to be more common among index compared to control mothers (p = 0.039). Conclusion: EV-IgM during the first trimester may be associated with beta cell autoantibodies in mothers to children who developed either beta cell autoantibodies or T1D before 7 years of age.
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| 50. |
- Lindgren, Ida, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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It takes three points to define a common ground : breathing apparatus fire-fighters' communication during rescue operations
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary quarterly of language studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2516. ; 39:9, s. 1482-1502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares two styles of communication used by fire-fighters during breathing apparatus (BA) rescue operations. BA rescue is a risky business and while performing a BA rescue operation, effective communication is essential for the operation to be successful. This communication involves information sharing, coordination, safety, and so on. How this communication is supposed to be carried out is not regulated. To study the establishment and maintenance of common ground between fire-fighters, communication in two pairs of BA fire-fighters was analyzed. One pair did well, while the other performed less successfully. The pair that performed better communicated using a three-step procedure: step I was an informative utterance by speaker A; step II was a confirmation by speaker B of step I; and step III was an acknowledgment by speaker A of B's confirmation. The less successful pair seldom communicated using more than two steps.
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