| 1. |
- Malmberg Gavelin, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Neural activation in stress-related exhaustion : cross-sectional observations and interventional effects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - Clare : Elsevier. - 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506 .- 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 269, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the association between burnout and neural activation during working memory processing in patients with stress-related exhaustion. Additionally, we investigated the neural effects of cognitive training as part of stress rehabilitation. Fifty-five patients with clinical diagnosis of exhaustion disorder were administered the n-back task during fMRI scanning at baseline. Ten patients completed a 12-week cognitive training intervention, as an addition to stress rehabilitation. Eleven patients served as a treatment-as-usual control group. At baseline, burnout level was positively associated with neural activation in the rostral prefrontal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex and the striatum, primarily in the 2-back condition. Following stress rehabilitation, the striatal activity decreased as a function of improved levels of burnout. No significant association between burnout level and working memory performance was found, however, our findings indicate that frontostriatal neural responses related to working memory were modulated by burnout severity. We suggest that patients with high levels of burnout need to recruit additional cognitive resources to uphold task performance. Following cognitive training, increased neural activation was observed during 3-back in working memory-related regions, including the striatum, however, low sample size limits any firm conclusions.
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| 2. |
- Månsson, Kristoffer N T, et al.
(författare)
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Altered neural correlates of affective processing after internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506 .- 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 214:3, s. 229-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Randomized controlled trials have yielded promising results for internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) for patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD). The present study investigated anxiety-related neural changes after iCBT for SAD. The amygdala is a critical hub in the neural fear network, receptive to change using emotion regulation strategies and a putative target for iCBT. Twenty-two subjects were included in pre- and post-treatment functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T assessing neural changes during an affective face processing task. Treatment outcome was assessed using social anxiety self-reports and the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale. ICBT yielded better outcome than ABM (66% vs. 25% CGI-I responders). A significant differential activation of the left amygdala was found with relatively decreased reactivity after iCBT. Changes in the amygdala were related to a behavioral measure of social anxiety. Functional connectivity analysis in the iCBT group showed that the amygdala attenuation was associated with increased activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex and decreased activity in the right ventrolateral and dorsolateral (dlPFC) cortices. Treatment-induced neural changes with iCBT were consistent with previously reported studies on regular CBT and emotion regulation in general.
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| 3. |
- Naghavi, Hamid Reza, et al.
(författare)
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Personality traits predict response to novel and familiar stimuli in the hippocampal region
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123 .- 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506. ; 173:2, s. 94-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current evidence from genetic, neurochemical, and clinical research supports the notion that a combination of high novelty seeking and low harm avoidance traits (NS-ha) is reliably dissociable from the opposite personality profile (i.e., low novelty seeking and high harm avoidance, ns-HA). Little is known, however, about how the differences between these two types of personality are regulated by brain function. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and recruited two groups of individuals, one group with the NS-ha profile and the other group with the ns-HA profile, to examine whether there is a difference between the two groups in their brain response to novel versus familiar word stimuli. Results revealed a differential pattern of response in an area in the hippocampal region, with the NS-ha group showing a greater sensitivity to novel stimuli and the ns-HA group demonstrating a greater response to familiar stimuli. We conclude that the response pattern to novel and familiar stimuli in the hippocampal region has a role in mediating differences between the NS-ha and ns-HA temperamental profiles.
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| 4. |
- Åhs, Fredrik, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Disentangling the web of fear : amygdala reactivity and functional connectivity in spider and snake phobia
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4927 .- 1872-7506 .- 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 172:2, s. 103-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to study effects of fear on brain activity, functional connectivity and brain-behavior relationships during symptom provocation in subjects with specific phobia. Positron emission tomography (PET) and (15)O water was used to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 16 women phobic of either snakes or spiders but not both. Subjects watched pictures of snakes and spiders serving either as phobic or fear-relevant, but non-phobic, control stimuli depending on phobia type. Presentation of phobic as compared with non-phobic cues was associated with increased activation of the right amygdala and cerebellum as well as the left visual cortex and circumscribed frontal areas. Activity decreased in the prefrontal, orbitofrontal and ventromedial cortices as well as in the primary somatosensory cortex and auditory cortices. Furthermore, amygdala activation correlated positively with the subjective experience of distress. Connectivity analyses of activity in the phobic state revealed increased functional couplings between voxels in the right amygdala and the periamygdaloid area, fusiform gyrus and motor cortex. During non-phobic stimulation, prefrontal activity correlated negatively with amygdala rCBF, suggesting a phobia-related functional decoupling. These results suggest that visually elicited phobic reactions activate object recognition areas and deactivate prefrontal areas involved in cognitive control over emotion-triggering areas like the amygdala, resulting in motor readiness to support fight or flight.
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| 5. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Low prevalence of smoking in patients with autism spectrum disorders
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - Claire, Ireland : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 119:1-2, s. 177-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychiatric patients are significantly more often smokers than the general population, the only known exception being obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and catatonic schizophrenia. We have investigated nicotine use in subjects with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Ninety-five subjects (25 females and 70 males) consecutively diagnosed with any ASD and of normal intelligence were included in the study. Only 12.6% were smokers, compared with 19% in the general population and 47% in a control group of 161 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or a schizophreniform disorder. The results suggest that smoking is rare among subjects with ASD, while the opposite was shown for schizophrenia. If replicated, this finding could suggest biological differences between non-catatonic schizophrenia and ASD, and support the theory of a biological link between ASD and a subtype of OCD, and between ASD and catatonic schizophrenia.
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| 6. |
- Tunving, K, et al.
(författare)
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Regional cerebral blood flow in long-term heavy cannabis use.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 17:1, s. 15-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the 133Xenon inhalation method in nine male chronic cannabis users. The rCBF level in cannabis users was significantly (11%) lower than that of age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Four of the subjects were reexamined after 9-60 days of detoxification and showed a significant (12%) increase of the CBF level at followup. No significant regional flow abnormalities were noted. The global CBF reduction seen in the early phase of detoxification is most likely the consequence of the dysfunction of the central nervous system accompanying chronic cannabis use.
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| 7. |
- Abbass, Allan, et al.
(författare)
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Sustained reduction in health care costs after adjunctive treatment of graded intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in patients with psychotic disorders
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 228:3, s. 538-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the changes in symptom severity and long-term health care cost after intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) individually tailored and administered to patients with psychotic disorders undergoing standard psychiatric care. Eleven therapists with different levels of expertise delivered an average of 13 one-hour sessions of graded ISTDP to 38 patients with psychotic disorders. Costs for health care services were compiled for a one-year period prior to the start of ISTDP (baseline) along with four one-year periods after termination. Two validated self-report scales, the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, were administered at intake and termination of ISTDP. Results revealed that health care cost reductions were significant for the one-year post-treatment period relative to baseline year, for both physician costs and hospital costs, and the reductions were sustained for the follow-up period of four post-treatment years. Furthermore, at treatment termination self-reported symptoms and interpersonal problems were significantly reduced. These preliminary findings suggest that this brief adjunctive psychotherapy may be beneficial and reduce costs in selected patients with psychotic disorders, and that gains are sustained in long-term follow-up. Future research directions are discussed. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Aminoff, Sofie Ragnhild, et al.
(författare)
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An association between affective lability and executive functioning in bipolar disorder.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 198:1, s. 58-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies suggest altered affect regulation manifested by affective lability in manic/mixed and euthymic states in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Altered affect regulation may arise from disturbances in interactions between the cognitive and the emotional brain networks. However, the relationship between affective lability and executive function has not previously been studied. Our aim was to investigate affective lability, as measured with the Affective Lability Scale (ALS) in patients with BD (N=32) compared to healthy controls (HC) (N=60), and its relationship to executive functioning. We found significantly higher ALS scores in the BD than in the HC group, indicating a higher degree of affective lability in patients with BD. Sub-sample analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between affective lability and semantic set shifting abilities in BD only. These findings suggest that higher levels of affective lability compared with controls are a trait as well as state dependent in BD, and that disturbed affective lability may arise from an aberrant interaction between cognitive and emotional brain networks.
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| 10. |
- Aminoff, Sofie R, et al.
(författare)
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Decreased self-reported arousal in schizophrenia during aversive picture viewing compared to bipolar disorder and healthy controls.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 185:3, s. 309-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with disturbances in emotion processing. Previous studies suggest that patients with SCZ assess unpleasant pictures as less arousing than healthy controls (HC), while patients with BD assess neutral pictures as more arousing than HC. No previous studies have investigated whether there is a difference in emotional response across all three groups. Our aim was to explore whether there was a difference in the evaluation of valence and in arousal between SCZ, BD and HC for aversive and neutral pictures. We showed 72 pictures (neutral, non-socially aversive and socially aversive) from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) to 347 subjects. There was a clear interaction effect between the diagnostic group and increasing picture aversiveness for both valence and arousal. There were no significant differences in valence ratings between the different groups or in arousal ratings on any type of stimuli between BD patients and HC. However, SCZ patients reported significantly lower arousal for aversive stimuli, particularly with a social content, when compared to BD patients and HC. This was more pronounced in females. The presence of lifetime psychotic symptoms did not influence emotional responses.
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| 11. |
- Anckarsäter, Henrik, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent regional frontotemporal hypoactivity in violent offenders at follow-up.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 0925-4927 .- 1872-7123. ; 156:1, s. 87-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since cross-sectional brain-imaging studies demonstrating frontotemporal cerebral hypoactivity in violent offenders have generally been carried out around the time of trial and sentencing, the findings might be influenced by the stressful situation of the subjects. It seems that no group of offenders with this finding has yet been followed longitudinally. We have re-examined nine offenders convicted of lethal or near-lethal violence in whom single photon emission tomography (SPECT) previously had demonstrated frontotemporal hypoperfusion. The mean interval between the initial and the follow-up examination was 4 years. The initially observed hypoactivity was found to have remained virtually unchanged at follow-up: no mean change in the group exceeded 5% in 12 assessed regions of interest. Although preliminary due to the small sample size, this study suggests that frontotemporal brain hypoactivity is a trait rather than a state in perpetrators of severe violent crimes.
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| 12. |
- Andreou, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite concentrations as intermediate phenotypes between glutamate-related genes and psychosis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 229:1-2, s. 497-504
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glutamate-related genes have been associated with schizophrenia, but the results have been ambiguous and difficult to replicate. Homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) are the major degradation products of the monoamines dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline, respectively, and their concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), mainly HVA, have been associated with schizophrenia. In the present study, we hypothesized that CSF HVA, 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations represent intermediate phenotypes in the association between glutamate-related genes and psychosis. To test this hypothesis, we searched for association between 238 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ten genes shown to be directly or indirectly implicated in glutamate transmission and CSF HVA, 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations in 74 patients with psychotic disease. Thirty-eight nominally significant associations were found. Further analyses in 111 healthy controls showed that 87% of the nominal associations were restricted to the patients with psychosis. Some of the psychosis-only-associated SNPs found in the D-amino acid oxidase activator (DADA) and the kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) genes have previously been reported to be associated with schizophrenia. The present results suggest that CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations may represent intermediate phenotypes in the association between glutamate-related genes and psychosis.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andreou, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Tryptophan hydroxylase gene 1 (TPH1) variants associated with cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and homovanillic acid concentrations in healthy volunteers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 180:2-3, s. 63-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis. We investigated possible relationships between five TPH1 gene polymorphisms and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of the major serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), the major dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (HVA), and the major norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in healthy volunteers (n = 132). The G-allele of the TPH1 rs4537731 (A-6526G) polymorphism was associated with 5-HIM and HVA, but not MHPG concentrations. None of the other four TPH1 polymorphisms (rs211105, rs1800532, rs1799913 and rs7933505) were significantly associated with any of the monoamine metabolite concentrations. Two (rs4537731G/rs211105T/rs1800532C/rs1799913C/rs7933505G and rs4537731A/rs211105T/rs1800532C/rs1799913C/rs7933505G) of five common TPH1 five-allele haplotypes were associated with 5-HIAA and HVA concentrations in opposite directions. None of the common haplotypes was associated with MHPG concentrations in the CSF. The results suggest that TPH1 gene variation participates in the regulation of serotonin and dopamine turnover rates in the central nervous system of healthy human subjects.
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| 15. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and panic disorder: A replication
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 178:1, s. 196-198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphism and panic disorder was studied in a Swedish sample of 211 patients and 452 controls. We found a significant excess of the Val allele in both male and female patients, the latter but not the former finding being in line with previous studies.
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| 16. |
- Annerbrink, Kristina, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and monoamine metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid
- 2010
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 179:2, s. 231-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angiotensin II has been suggested to influence central dopamine and serotonin turnover. Since the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in angiotensin regulation by converting inactive angiotensin 1 to active angiotensin II, we hypothesised that the functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the ACE gene, which has previously been suggested to be associated with, depression and panic disorder, may influence monoamine activity. A well-established technique for assessing brain monoamine turnover in humans is to measure concentrations of monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We thus investigated possible associations between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations in a population of healthy male subjects. After having found such an association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and CSF levels of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid and the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in this sample, I carriers displaying lower levels, we tried to replicate this observation in a population of violent male offenders from which also both CSF and DNA were available. Also in this sample, the same associations were found. Our results suggest that the ACE I/D polymorphism may play a role in the modulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic turnover in men. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Asellus, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Cholesterol and the "Cycle of Violence" in attempted suicide
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 215:3, s. 646-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An association between low levels of serum cholesterol and violent or suicidal behaviour has frequently been reported. However the role of serum cholesterol in the cycle of violence (Widom, 1989) has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate association between exposure to violence during childhood and used adult violence in suicide attempters with low and high serum cholesterol levels. 81 suicide attempters were assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to violence and expressed violent behaviour in childhood (between 6 and 14 years of age) and during adult life (15 years or older). We used median split to dichotomise groups below and above median serum cholesterol. In patients with serum cholesterol below median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and used adult violence was significant (rho=0.52, p=0.002), while in patients with serum cholesterol above median, the correlation between exposure to violence as a child and expressed violent behaviour as an adult was not significant (rho=0.25, p=0.2). Comorbid substance abuse predicted violent behaviour as an adult only in patients with serum cholesterol above median. Serum cholesterol may modify the effect of the "Cycle of Violence".
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| 18. |
- Ayano, Getinet, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults : Umbrella review of evidence generated across the globe
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 328
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a class of neurodevelopmental disorders which is commonly diagnosed in school-age children, but it can occur in any age group. To provide a robust synthesis of published evidence on the prevalence of ADHD in adults, we conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.MethodsThe review was guided by preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). We searched PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus to retrieve pertinent studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023389704). A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. A random-effects model was used to perform a meta-analysis.ResultsFive systematic reviews and meta-analyses (57 unique primary studies) with data on 21,142,129 adult participants were eligible for inclusion in this umbrella review. Inverse variance weighted random effect meta-analysis of these studies indicated that the pooled prevalence of ADHD in adults was 3.10% (95%CI 2.60–3.60%). ADHD-I (the inattentive type of ADHD) remained the commonest type of ADHD, followed by ADHD-HI (the hyperactive type) and ADHD-C (the combined type).ConclusionThe results indicate that ADHD is relatively high in adults, with ADHD-I remaining the most common subtype. Attention should be given to preventing, reducing, identifying, and managing ADHD in adults.
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| 19. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Social anxiety in adult autism spectrum disorder
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - London : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 220:1-2, s. 705-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A link has been suggested between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and anxiety disorders. The aim of the study was to examine the severity of social anxiety measured by the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Self-Report and prevalence of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) in adults with ASD, with SAD and a non-ASD comparison group. Individuals with ASD showed significantly higher scores of social anxiety and social avoidance relative to the comparison group, but significantly lower scores relative to the SAD sample.
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| 20. |
- Blackwell, Simon E., et al.
(författare)
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Optimism and mental imagery : A possible cognitive marker to promote well-being?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 206:1, s. 56-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimism is associated with a range of benefits not only for general well-being, but also for mental and physical health. The development of psychological interventions to boost optimism derived from cognitive science would have the potential to provide significant public health benefits, yet cognitive markers of optimism are little understood. The current study aimed to take a first step in this direction by identifying a cognitive marker for optimism that could provide a modifiable target for innovative interventions. In particular we predicted that the ability to generate vivid positive mental imagery of the future would be associated with dispositional optimism. A community sample of 237 participants completed a survey comprising measures of mental imagery and optimism, and socio-demographic information. Vividness of positive future imagery was significantly associated with optimism, even when adjusting for socio-demographic factors and everyday imagery use. The ability to generate vivid mental imagery of positive future events may provide a modifiable cognitive marker of optimism. Boosting positive future imagery could provide a cognitive target for treatment innovations to promote optimism, with implications for mental health and even physical well-being. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Blease, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatrists' experiences and opinions of generative artificial intelligence in mental healthcare : An online mixed methods survey
- 2024
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following the launch of ChatGPT in November 2022, interest in large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots has surged with increasing focus on the clinical potential of these tools. Missing from this discussion, however, are the perspectives of physicians. The current study aimed to explore psychiatrists' experiences and opinions on this new generation of chatbots in mental health care. An online survey including both quantitative and qualitative responses was distributed to a non-probability sample of psychiatrists affiliated with the American Psychiatric Association. Findings revealed 44 % of psychiatrists had used OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5 and 33 % had used GPT-4.0 "to assist with answering clinical questions." Administrative tasks were cited as a major benefit of these tools: 70 % somewhat agreed/agreed "documentation will be/is more efficient". Three in four psychiatrists (75 %) somewhat agreed/agreed "the majority of their patients will consult these tools before first seeing a doctor". Nine in ten somewhat agreed/agreed that clinicians need more support/training in understanding these tools. Open-ended responses reflected these opinions but respondents also expressed divergent opinions on the value of generative AI in clinical practice, including its impact on the future of the profession.
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| 22. |
- Brain, Cecilia, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Stigma, discrimination and medication adherence in schizophrenia: Results from the Swedish COAST study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 2014:220(3), s. 811-817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of thisn aturalistic non-interventional study were to quantify the level of stigma and discrimination in persons with schizophrenia and to test for potential associations between different types of stigma and adherence to antipsychotics. Antipsychotic medication use was electronically monitored with a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) for 12 months in 111 outpatients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis (DSM-IV). Stigma was assessed at endpoint using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC). Single DISC items that were most frequently reported included social relationships in making /keeping friends (71%) and in the neighborhood (69%). About half of the patients experienced discrimination by their families, in intimate relationships, regarding employment and by mental health staff. Most patients (88%) wanted to conceal their mental health problems from others; 70% stated that anticipated discrimination resulted in avoidance of close personal relationships. Non-adherence (MEMS adherencer 0.80) was observed in 30 (27.3%). When DISC subscale scores (SD) were entered in separate regression models, neither experienced nor anticipated stigma was associated with adherence. Our data do not support an association between stigma and non-adherence. Further studies in other settings are needed as experiences of stigma and levels of adherence and their potential associations might vary by health care system or cultural and sociodemographic contexts.
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| 23. |
- Brohede, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire in a community sample of Swedish women
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 210:2, s. 647-652
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is characterized by a distressing and impairing preoccupation with a nonexistent or slight defect in appearance. Patients with the disorder present to both psychiatric and non-psychiatric physicians. A few studies have assessed BDD prevalence in the general population and have shown that the disorder is relatively common. To date, no BDD assessment instruments have been validated in the general population. Our aim was to validate a brief self-screening instrument, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ), in a female community sample. The BDDQ was translated into Swedish and filled out by 2891 women from a randomly selected community sample. The questionnaire was validated in a subsample of 88 women, using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) together with clinical assessment as the gold standard. In the validation subsample, the BDDQ showed good concurrent validity, with a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 90% and a likelihood ratio of 9.4. The questionnaire can therefore be of value when screening for BDD in female populations.
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| 24. |
- Brooks, Samantha J, et al.
(författare)
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Obsessive-compulsivity and working memory are associated with differential prefrontal cortex and insula activation in adolescents with a recent diagnosis of an eating disorder
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123 .- 0925-4927. ; 224:3, s. 246-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of rumination at the beginning of eating disorder (ED) is not well understood. We hypothesised that impulsivity, rumination and restriction could be associated with neural activity in response to food stimuli in young individuals with eating disorders (ED). We measured neural responses with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), tested working memory (WM) and administered the eating disorders examination questionnaire (EDE-Q), Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) and obsessive-compulsive inventory (OCI-R) in 15 adolescent females with eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) (mean age 15 years) and 20 age-matched healthy control females. We found that EDNOS subjects had significantly higher scores on the BIS 11, EDE-Q and OCI-R scales. Significantly increased neural responses to food images in the EDNOS group were observed in the prefrontal circuitry. OCI-R scores in the EDNOS group also significantly correlated with activity in the prefrontal circuitry and the cerebellum. Significantly slower WM responses negatively correlated with bilateral superior frontal gyrus activity in the EDNOS group. We conclude that ruminations, linked to WM, are present in adolescent females newly diagnosed with EDNOS. These may be risk factors for the development of an eating disorder and may be detectable before disease onset.
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| 25. |
- Brundin, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) in suicide attempters.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 158:2, s. 117-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) is a neuropeptide expressed in brain regions thought to regulate anxiety levels, depression, addiction and energy homeostasis. Individuals with a CART mutation display increased anxiety and depression. Severe anxiety is a core phenomenon of suicidality. We therefore studied levels of CART in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 98 patients with different psychiatric diagnoses, shortly after a suicide attempt. We also investigated the relationship between CSF-CART and relevant psychiatric symptoms. CART levels were determined using a radioimmunoassay and the psychiatric symptoms rated in structured interviews using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) and the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). No differences in CSF-CART were found between the diagnostic groups or controls. However, lower CART levels were associated with a higher degree of concentration difficulties. No significant association was found between CART levels and other psychiatric symptoms. CSF-CART correlated significantly with CSF-levels of orexin, but not with corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). Further studies on the role of CART in psychiatric diseases where concentration difficulties are prominent, such as attention deficit disorder, are warranted.
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| 26. |
- Cantor-Graae, E, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of stability of regional cerebral blood flow in chronic schizophrenia : an 18-year followup study.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 40:4, s. 253-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements and psychiatric ratings were performed on seven schizophrenic patients (mean age = 41.4 years) who had been examined 18 years previously in a study that used similar psychiatric ratings and a comparable rCBF technique. Neither the clinical symptomatology nor the rCBF level and distribution had changed appreciably between 1972 and 1990. The findings indicate that cerebral functional activity in chronic schizophrenia remains constant in spite of continuous neuroleptic medication.
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| 27. |
- Carlborg, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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CSF kynurenic acid and suicide risk in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 205:1-2, s. 165-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relationships between concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kynurenic acid (KYNA) and suicidal behavior were evaluated in 59 patients with psychosis after 22 years of follow-up. Three patients died from suicide and nine patients had a history of attempted suicide. Patients with attempted suicide had significantly lower concentrations of CSF KYNA.
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| 28. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite levels in human newborn infants born in winter differ from those born in summer.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 145:2-3, s. 189-97
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An earlier study has shown significant differences in the CSF monoamine metabolite levels in adults born during different seasons of the year. We study here the relationship between season of birth and CSF monoamine metabolite levels in 283 newborn febrile infants without neurological abnormalities, with an age distribution ranging from birth to about 3 months, adjusting for the confounding variables age and time at lumbar puncture, weight at birth, estimated gestational age at birth, gender, race, and medicaid status. Each of the three metabolite levels as well as their ratios HVA/5-HIAA and 5-HIAA/MHPG showed significant month-of-birth variations, but not the ratio HVA/MHPG. For HVA and MHPG levels, the maximum was obtained around the winter birth months November-December, whereas for 5-HIAA level, the maximum was obtained around the summer birth months June-July. The correlations between HVA and 5-HIAA were, in general, significantly positive within the different birth seasons and races. Among summer-born Caucasian infants, MHPG was significantly positively correlated with HVA and with 5-HIAA, whereas among winter-born Black infants, MHPG was significantly positively correlated with HVA. Season of birth is an unspecific environmental factor that may be proxy for several possible seasonally varying environmental circumstances such as the length of photoperiod, temperature, infections, nutrition, stress and lifestyle. Studies relating season of birth to monoaminergic turnover at different stages of life may yield important clues about the gestational and perinatal origins of neurodevelopment.
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| 29. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
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Gene-environment interaction in psychiatric disorders as indicated by season of birth variations in tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphisms.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 119:1-2, s. 99-111
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interactions, are likely to be involved in psychiatric disorders. Considerable progress has been made in association and linkage studies with various candidate genes, at times with conflicting or ambiguous results. An environmental factor that has persistently shown associations with several psychiatric and neurological disorders is the season of birth. If it is the interaction of a specific gene allele with a specific season of birth that constitutes an increased (or decreased) risk for a disorder, then the individuals with this disorder are likely to have a season of birth variation in this gene allele. We investigated the variations in TPH, 5-HTTLPR and DRD4 gene polymorphisms according to seasonality of birth in 954 patients with unipolar affective disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and schizophrenia, respectively, and in 395 controls. We first analyzed season of birth variations in the gene alleles with one cycle or two cycles per year, and then compared specified birth seasons with each other. We found season of birth variations in these gene alleles that were different for different psychiatric disorders. Significant differences between cases and controls could be obtained when restricting the analysis within certain birth seasons but not within others. Our results thus suggest an interaction between the seasons of birth and the expression of the candidate genes, and that season of birth is a confounding variable when investigating the role of the candidate genes in susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.
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| 30. |
- Chotai, Jayanti, et al.
(författare)
-
The Temperament Scale of Novelty Seeking in adolescents shows an association with season of birth opposite to that in adults.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 111:1, s. 45-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the relationship between season of birth and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory of Personality (Junior TCI, JTCI) in adolescents. The Temperament Scale of Novelty Seeking (NS) is significantly higher for females born during October-January as compared to females born otherwise. This association is opposite to that obtained earlier for adults. For both genders pooled, NS is significantly higher for those born during October-March compared to April-September. This association is also found when examining the data for those of age up to 18 years in a third independent study on the age range 11-81 years with the adult TCI. There is a greater tendency for exploration and risk-taking behavior as the child individuates from the family. Our study suggests that the effects of such environmental and developmental changes on personality are different in those born during October-March as compared to those born during April-September. The former show a higher rise in NS during adolescence and a steeper fall in NS during the years of adulthood, compared to the latter. Dopamine turnover is likely associated with NS, and the mutually inhibitory systems of dopamine and melatonin are the paracrine signals of day and night, respectively. Thus, the maternal entrainment of these systems during the prenatal period, or the postnatal environmental influence on these systems, may be different for those born during the short photoperiod of October-March as compared to those born during the long photoperiod part of the year.
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| 31. |
- Claesdotter, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Abnormal brainstem auditory response in young females with ADHD
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 229:3, s. 750-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that the auditory brain stem response (ABR) is often affected in neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate possible differences in ABR between young females with ADHD compared to control subjects. This study focuses on young females, age7–17 with ADHD, comparing the ABR of 43 young females with ADHD to 21 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Young females with ADHD have a significantly different ABR in a region between cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex as well as in the thalamic region compared to control subjects. These data indicate specific differences in ABR between girls with ADHD compared to female controls.
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| 32. |
- Clapham, Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
The association between exposure to clozapine, olanzapine, and quetiapine and the outcomes perimyocarditis and heart failure : A population-based cohort study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of cardiac adverse events following clozapine use is debated and is unknown for the chemically related and widely used antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine. National Swedish registers were used to identify all patients 16-75 years old with antipsychotic dispensations between 2005 and 2018. The short-term outcome was a diagnosis of perimyocarditis (pericarditis and/or myocarditis) within two months of first dispensation, and the long-term outcome was heart failure (including cardiomyopathy) within three years. Cox regressions with time varying exposure were used to estimate hazard rates (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 201,045 individuals were included in the cohort. The risk of developing perimyocarditis during clozapine treatment tripled compared to no antipsychotic treatment (HR 3.4, CI 1.6-7.3), although the absolute rate remained comparably low. The long-term risk of heart failure during clozapine treatment was also elevated (HR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.7). Treatment with either or both olanzapine or quetiapine was not associated with an increased relative risk of perimyocarditis, or heart failure compared to no antipsychotic treatment. Clozapine use is therefore associated with a substantially elevated short-term risk of perimyocarditis and an increased risk of heart failure within three years.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Cremaschi, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Prevalences of autoimmune diseases in schizophrenia, bipolar I and II disorder, and controls
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 258, s. 9-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies on the relationship between autoimmune diseases, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder are mainly based on hospital discharge registers with insufficient coverage of outpatient data. Furthermore, data is scant on the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in bipolar subgroups. Here we estimate the self-reported prevalences of autoimmune diseases in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder type I and II, and controls. Lifetime prevalence of autoimmune diseases was assessed through a structured interview in a sample of 9076 patients (schizophrenia N = 5278, bipolar disorder type I N = 1952, type II N = 1846) and 6485 controls. Comparative analyses were performed using logistic regressions. The prevalence of diabetes type 1 did not differ between groups. Hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism regardless of lithium effects, rheumatoid arthritis, and polymyalgia rheumatica were most common in bipolar disorder. Systemic lupus erythematosus was less common in bipolar disorder than in the other groups. The rate of autoimmune diseases did not differ significantly between bipolar subgroups. We conclude that prevalences of autoimmune diseases show clear differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, but not between the bipolar subgroups. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
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| 35. |
- Croy, Ilona, et al.
(författare)
-
Affective touch awareness in mental health and disease relates to autistic traits - An explorative neurophysiological investigation
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 245, s. 491-496
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affective touch is important for social interaction within families and groups and there is evidence that unmyelinated C tactile fibers are involved in this process. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders show alterations in the perception and processing of affective touch. sThus, we hypothesized that affective touch awareness based on C tactile fiber activation is impaired in individuals with high levels of autistic trait. The pleasantness perception of optimal and suboptimal C tactile stimuli was tested in an explorative study in 70 patients recruited from an outpatient psychotherapy clinic and 69 healthy comparison subjects. All participants completed questionnaires about autistic traits, depressive symptomatology, childhood maltreatment, and about the daily amount of touch. Relative to comparison subjects, patients reported engaging in touch less frequently in daily life and rated touch less pleasant. Reduced valence ratings of touch were explained by childhood maltreatment but not by any particular disorder or depression severity. Among all tested variables, the affective touch awareness correlated with autistic traits only - in patients as well as in comparison subjects. Taken together, individuals with mental health issues have a lower baseline of expression and reception of affective touch. Autistic traits and childhood maltreatment modulate the experience of affective touch. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 36. |
- Doering, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
-
Childhood-onset versus adolescent-onset anxiety and depression: Epidemiological and neurodevelopmental aspects.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7123 .- 0165-1781. ; 312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anxiety and depression are common in youth and are frequently accompanied by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, it is unclear how common ADHD, ASD, and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs, i.e., ADHD, ASD, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorder, and tic disorders) are in children versus adolescents with anxiety and depression. We aimed to delineate whether different anxiety/depression age-of-onset groups show distinguishable NDD patterns. The study was based on 4492 twins born in Sweden between 1998 and 2003 from the nation-wide population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated using screening measures of anxiety and depression at ages 9 and 15, and NDDs at age 9. Individuals with childhood-onset anxiety/depression had a substantially higher NDD prevalence compared to individuals with adolescent-onset anxiety/depression. Highest prevalence was found for individuals with anxiety/depression both in childhood and adolescence. In this group, individuals also had substantially higher odds of having at least one NDD (14.7, 95% CI 6.3 - 34.0) compared to individuals without anxiety/depression. This emphasizes the need to further investigate the etiology of childhood and adolescent anxiety/depression, as they most likely represent different constructs depending on age-of-onset, lending support for possibly different treatment approaches.
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| 37. |
- Doering, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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Internalizing and neurodevelopmental problems in young people: Educational outcomes in a large population-based cohort of twins
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2021 The Authors Adolescent internalizing problems such as anxiety and depression have been associated with subsequent educational underachievement. However, it has not been investigated if the association is accounted for by neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs, i.e., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, developmental coordination disorder, tic disorder, learning disorder). This study is the first to describe the relationship between internalizing problems at age 15 and educational outcomes in later adolescence while controlling for a wide range of NDDs in childhood, and applying a genetically sensitive design. We used the nation-wide population-based Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden, comprising 4997 fifteen-year-old Swedish twins born between 1994 and 1998. Internalizing problems and NDDs were measured with parental report. Educational outcomes were merit rating and upper secondary education eligibility, retrieved from the National School Register. Internalizing problems at age 15 were found to be negatively associated with educational outcomes in later adolescence. Additive genetics accounted for 89% of the covariation between internalizing problems and merit rating, out of which roughly half were unique genetic effects of internalizing problems and the remaining half due to NDDs. In conclusion, internalizing problems form an important risk factor for subsequent educational underachievement, going beyond the risk conferred by childhood NDDs.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Dåderman, Anna Maria, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Flunitrazepam abuse and personality characteristics inmale forensic psychiatric patients
- 2001
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - Goettingen : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 103:1, s. 27-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty male non-psychotic forensic psychiatric patients, aged 16-35 years, were studied after they completed their ordinary forensic psychiatric assessment (FPA). The prevalence of flunitrazepam (FZ) abuse was investigated by using both structured and in-depth interviews with the objective of studying the relationship between the abuse and personality traits. The patient’s characteristics, DSM-IV disorders, and actual sentences were obtained by studying their files. In order to obtain measures on their personality traits, self-report inventories were administered to the patients. Eighteen out of 60 patients were FZ abusers, but only 4 of them received a diagnosis related to the FZ abuse during the ordinary FPA. In almost all cases, however, indications of the FZ abuse were found in the files. No differences in personality traits were found between the groups. The frequency of previous admissions to an FPA and actual sentences of robbery, weapons offenses, narcotic-related offenses, and other crimes, such as theft, among the FZ abusers deviated significantly from forensic non-FZ abusers. Therefore, the FZ abuse per se might be more responsible for their tendency to commit crimes characterized by danger and thrill-seeking, such as robbery, weapons offences, and theft, than personality. The most important conclusion is that assessment of FZ abuse is needed in forensic psychiatry.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Ekman, Agneta, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Low density and high affinity of platelet [3H]paroxetine binding in women with bulimia nervosa.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 142:2-3, s. 219-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impaired serotonin transmission has been suggested to be implicated in the pathophysiology of bulimia nervosa. As an indirect measure of brain serotonergic activity, the binding of tritiated ligands to platelet serotonin transporters has been studied in bulimia nervosa as well as in other putatively serotonin-related psychiatric disorders. In this study, the density and affinity of platelet serotonin transporters were assessed in 20 women meeting the DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa and in 14 controls without previous or ongoing eating disorder using [(3)H]paroxetine as a ligand. In comparison to controls, women with bulimia nervosa had a significantly reduced number of platelet binding sites (B(max) = 721 +/- 313 vs. 1145 +/- 293 fmol/mg protein) and an increase in the affinity for the ligand demonstrated by a lower dissociaton constant (K(d) = 33 +/- 10 vs. 44 +/- 10 pM). A significant correlation between B(max) and K(d) values was found in patients but not in controls. Our results support the notion that bulimia nervosa is associated with a reduction in platelet serotonin transporter density. In addition, our study is the first to report that this reduced transporter density in women with bulimia nervosa is accompanied by an increase in the affinity of the transporter for the ligand.
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| 44. |
- Falck-Ytter, Terje, et al.
(författare)
-
Difficulties maintaining prolonged fixation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms share genetic influences in childhood
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 293
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the association between the ability to maintain prolonged (2-minute) fixation on a visual target and ADHD traits in a sample consisting of 120 monozygotic and 120 dizygotic twin pairs, aged 9 to 14 years. More intrusive saccades during the task was associated with higher level of parent-reported ADHD traits. Both intrusive saccades and ADHD symptoms had high heritability estimates, and there was a moderate genetic correlation between number of intrusive saccades and ADHD. This study suggests that inability to maintain ocular fixation for longer times is etiologically linked to ADHD traits in the general population.
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| 45. |
- Falk, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Personality and trait aggression profiles of male and female prison inmates
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 250, s. 302-307
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender specific personality profiles in association with the level of aggressive antisocial behavior in offenders have not been previously investigated. In the present study we analyzed data collected from 65 male and 50 female offenders using structured protocols regarding criminal history (by criminal register data), trait aggression (by the Life History of Aggression (LHA) questionnaire), and personality profiles (by the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)). Prison inmates differed significantly on several personality dimensions, most pronouncedly were they characterized with low character maturity (low scores in the Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness dimensions of TCI) when compared to gender and age matched controls of the general population. The majority of offenders scored distinctively high on trait aggression. There were moderate to strong associations between the personality dimensions and each of the subscales of LHA (Aggression, Self-directed Aggression and Antisocial behavior). These associations were stronger in the female offender sample. Trait aggression could be best explained by a model, which included male gender, younger age, high novelty seeking temperament and low character maturity. Our results suggest that therapies aiming at strengthening self-governance and increasing cooperativeness (focusing on character maturity) may alleviate aggressive antisocial behavior in offenders.
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| 46. |
- Feingold, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Emotion recognition deficits among persons with schizophrenia : Beyond stimulus complexity level and presentation modality
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 240, s. 60-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that persons with schizophrenia have lower accuracy in emotion recognition compared to persons without schizophrenia. However, the impact of the complexity level of the stimuli or the modality of presentation has not been extensively addressed. Forty three persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls, matched for age and gender, were administered tests assessing emotion recognition from stimuli with low and high levels of complexity presented via visual, auditory and semantic channels. For both groups, recognition rates were higher for high-complexity stimuli compared to low-complexity stimuli. Additionally, both groups obtained higher recognition rates for visual and semantic stimuli than for auditory stimuli, but persons with schizophrenia obtained lower accuracy than persons in the control group for all presentation modalities. Persons diagnosed with schizophrenia did not present a level of complexity specific deficit or modality-specific deficit compared to healthy controls. Results suggest that emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia are beyond level of complexity of stimuli and modality, and present a global difficulty in cognitive functioning.
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| 47. |
- Feng, Meng-Yao, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of chronic diseases on the occurrence of depression : A 13-year follow-up study from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The causal association between chronic diseases and depression remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of types and number of chronic diseases on the risk of depression using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A self-admitted questionnaire was used to obtain data on 14 predefined chronic diseases and the European-Depression Scale (EURO-D) was used to assess depression. Among the 16,080 baseline depression-free participants aged 50+, 31.29% (5032) developed depression over 13 years. Multivariate Cox regression models showed that individuals with any chronic diseases were at higher risk of new onset depression compared to disease-free participants. The risk of new onset depression increased with an increasing number of diseases among both younger (50–64) and older (65+) adults. Individuals with heart attack, stroke, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and arthritis were at increased risk of depression across age groups. However, some age-specific associations were observed, with cancer increasing depression risk among younger- and peptic ulcer, Parkinson's disease and cataracts increasing depression risk among older adults. These findings highlight the importance of managing chronic diseases, especially among those with more than two diseases, to prevent the development of depression among middle-aged and older adults.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Forsén Mantilla, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Eating disorder examination questionnaire : Norms and clinical reference data from adolescent boys and girls in Sweden
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 239, s. 156-162
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated norms and clinical reference values for the 14-day time frame version of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) specifically developed to suit adolescent populations. The EDE-Q is a self-report instrument measuring problematic eating behaviors and attitudes. A general population sample (N=487, 239 girls and 248 boys) and a clinical sample (N=1051, 989 girls and 62 boys) aged 12-14 years were analyzed. Descriptive statistics for EDE-Q subscales and Global scale, as well as key behaviors, are presented, along with sex differences and diagnostic differences (clinical sample). General population sample sex differences were consistent and medium to large, with some evidence of floor effects for boys. In the clinical sample there was a main effect of gender, with girls scoring higher overall. The covariate age accounted for more variance in EDE-Q subscale scores than did diagnostic group. Results are discussed in terms of the appropriateness of the EDE-Q for boys, and possible denial of illness among patients. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 50. |
- Frans, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Distance to Threat and Risk of Acute and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Following Bank Robbery : A longitudinal study
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 267, s. 461-466
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental factors surrounding trauma influencing PTSD risk are understudied.Proximal distances to threatening individuals could increase PTSD risk directly or indirectly by increasing ASD risk.Proximity to robber, ASD and PTSD was assessed in bank employees following robbery.We found that proximity to robber increase PTSD risk indirectly by increasing ASD risk.We speculate that proximity to threat may increase stress and arousal making trauma memories intrusive.
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