| 1. |
- Castillo Leon, Jaime, et al.
(författare)
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Purification and substrate specificity of peroxidase from sweet potato tubers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - 0168-9452. ; 163:5, s. 1011-1019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously the screening of tropical plants demonstrated a high peroxidase activity in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) tubers. The major peroxidase pool is localized in peel. Using peel of sweet potato as a source, the sweet potato peroxidase (SPP) has been isolated and purified to homogeneity. The enzyme purification included homogenization, extraction of colored compounds and consecutive chromatographies on Phenyl-Sepharose and DEAE-Toyopearl. The purified SPP had specific activity of 4900 U mg(-1) protein, RZ (ratio of absorbances at 403 and 280 nm, respectively) 3.4, molecular mass of 37 kDa and isoelectric point of 3.5. The spectrum of peroxidase from sweet potato is typical for plant peroxidases with a Soret maximum at 401 nm and the maxima in the visible region at 497 and 638 nm, respectively. The substrate specificity of SPP is distinct from the specificity of other plant peroxidases, ferulic acid being the best substrate for SPP.
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| 2. |
- Heiser, Volker, et al.
(författare)
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Antisense repression of the mitochondrial nadh-binding subunit of complex I in transgenic potato plants affects male fertility
- 1997
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - 0168-9452. ; 127:1, s. 61-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I is a large multi-subunit enzyme composed of both organellar and nuclear encoded proteins. To investigate the role of the nuclear encoded components, expression of the gene for the 55 kDa NADH-binding subunit of complex I was disturbed by antisense repression in transgenic potato plants. The antisense construct driven by the CaMV 35S promoter decreases the steady-state mRNA levels of transcripts for the 55 kDa subunit to 33% of the wild type levels. Quantities of the 55 kDa protein in mitochondrial protein extracts are lowered to about 50% in these plants. Transgenic plants show normal vegetative growth and tuber formation, but pollen maturation is found to be disturbed. The reduced male fertility of the transgenic 55 kDa antisense plants may be caused by an insufficient mitochondrial respiratory chain, impaired by the decreased expression of the NADH-binding component of mitochondrial complex I.
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| 3. |
- Petit, Patrice X., et al.
(författare)
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Properties of submitochondrial particles from plant mitochondria : generation, surface characteristics and NAD(P)H oxidation
- 1991
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 78:2, s. 177-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purified mitochondria isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) tuber, Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosu L.) tuber and rat liver were disrupted at different pH and different EDTA and MgCl2 concentrations either by French Press treatment or by sonication. The submitochondrial particles (SMP) were isolated by differential centrifugation and polarity estimated by the latency of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity. The SMP were 5-9% inside-out depending on the conditions, and the disruption method was more important than the composition of the disruption medium in determining the polarity. At pH 6 and 7 and high-salt conditions sonication yielded SMP of the same polarity (82-91% inside-out) whereas French Press treatment in a low-salt buffer + EDTA gave more inside-out SMP at pH 6 than at pH 7. The inside out vesicles were able to build up a membrane potential in the presence of respiratory substrates (as tested with the anionic dye, oxonol VI) whereas no membrane potantial could be detected with the right-side-out vesicles (as tested with cationic dyes, and optical dye, safranine O, and a fluorescent dye, rhodamine 123) under similar conditions. Binding of Concanavalin A indicated that both the inner and outer surface of the inner membrane have exposed glycoproteins and/or glycolipids. Both right-side-out and inside-out SMP oxidized NADH, NADPH and succinate with good rates but there were clear differences in both donor and acceptor specificity between the outer and inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH oxidation by inside-out SMP was Ca2+-independent and rotenone-inhibited whereas NADPH oxidation by the inside-out SMP was Ca2+-dependent and relatively unaffected by rotenone.
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| 4. |
- Baguma, Yona, et al.
(författare)
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Expression patterns of the gene encoding starch branching enzyme II in the storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 164:5, s. 833-839
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial and temporal expression patterns of the sbeII and sbeI genes, encoding starch branching enzyme II and I, respectively, in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) were studied at different phenological stages of the crop. A partial cDNA for sbeII in cassava was cloned and used along with a cDNA-specific fragment of sbeI. As the cassava plant aged, the transcriptional activity of the sbeII and sbeI genes in the underground storage roots increased, whereas the activity in other organs remained the same or declined. At 180 days after planting (d.a.p.), levels of sbeII and sbeI transcripts in storage roots were very low, whereas at 360 d.a.p., the levels had increased dramatically. The 360 d.a.p. old storage roots also accumulated gbssII and gbssI transcripts, as well as a longer gbssI transcript, gbssI′. The difference between the gbssI and gbssI′ transcripts was shown to be due to differential splicing, whereby the gbssI′ transcript retained the first three introns. Unexpectedly, expression of sbeII and sbeI in the 360 d.a.p. storage roots exhibited fluctuations during the 24 h cycle, both under the normal light/dark regime and under continuous light or continuous dark conditions.
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| 5. |
- Bellini, C., et al.
(författare)
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Stability of a foreign gene in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants during a cycle of dedifferentiation-differentiation
- 1992
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 82:2, s. 193-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum were transformed with the APH(3’)II gene, which confers kanamycin resistance. Plants resistant to kanamycin were differentiated and 3 of them were chosen at random. These were used to study the stability of the foreign gene after a cycle of dedifferentiation, to produce calli, and differentiation, to produce new plants. The effect of the selective pressure was analyzed by performing dedifferentiation and differentiation in the presence or absence of kanamycin. Inbred plants were also produced from the original transformed plants and used as control. Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from 66 regenerated plants showed in all cases that no detectable alteration occurred both in gene structure and insertion site. Furthermore the specific activity of the APH(3’)II enzyme was shown to be at high level in all regenerated plants regardless of the fact that they were regenerated in the presence or absence of kanamycin. The results described here are experimental evidence that a hybrid forcing gene is rather stable in a heterologous genome even after dedifferentiation of the transformed plants and differentiation in vitro, i.e. in those conditions known to be correlated with extensive somaclonal variation.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Carol, R. J., et al.
(författare)
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PASTICCINO1 (AtFKBP70) is a nuclear-localised immunophilin required during Arabidopsis thaliana embryogenesis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 161:3, s. 527-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PASTICCINO1 (PAS1) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a protein with homology to the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) class of immunophilins. To begin to understand more about the possible function of PAS1, we tested some properties of recombinant PAS1 protein and analysed the expression of the gene in Arabidopsis embryos and cell cultures and in tobacco cells. In pas1-1/+ heterozygote embryos the pas1-1 allele is expressed at very low levels in all cells, but it is misexpressed in the pas1-1 homozygote mutant at the same stage. Anti-PAS1 affinity-purified antibodies recognise a 70 kDa protein from dividing cell cultures of Arabidopsis. In indirect immunofluorescence, the same antibodies label the nuclei of dividing tobacco BY-2 cells. In a protease-coupled assay, recombinant PAS1 protein has low peptidylprolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity, which is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drugs FK506 and rapamycin, but not by cyclosporin. PAS1 also binds calmodulin in vitro. This data suggests the importance of the correctly regulated production of functional PAS1 protein, a likely nuclear-localised FKBP, for the correct development of the plant embryo. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Hakman, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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The development of somatic embryos in tissue-cultures initiated from immature embryos of Picea abies (Norway spruce)
- 1985
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 38:1, s. 53-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Embryos of Picea abies at various developmental stages were cultured on defined media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (10−5 M) and N6-benzyladenine (BA) (5×10−6 M). The immature embryos gave rise to a highly friable and embryogenic callus which could be maintained by subculture and contained polarized and organized structures (somatic embryos) consisting of long highly vacuolated cells at one end (suspensor) and a group of small meristematic cells at the other (embryonal end). These structures closely resembled the early stages of normal zygotic embryogeny. Upon further culture these structures formed a bipolar shoot-root axis with an independent and closed vascular system. In many instances either the shoot or the root meristems failed to differentiate. Embryogenic tissues obtained on agar media could be transferred to liquid media and maintained by subculture for at least 6 months. The development of somatic embryos was observed in the liquid cultures also.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Waara, Sylvia, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Production and analysis of intraspecific somatic hybrids of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
- 1991
-
Ingår i: Plant Science. - Shannon : Elsevier. - 0168-9452. ; 75:1, s. 107-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photoplasts of two dihaploid lines of potato were fused to produce a large number of intraspecific somatic hybrid plants among which plants of the expected tetraploid level might be found. Fusion frequencies up to 12% (mean 7%) were observed using a revised polyethylene glycol fusion protocol. Fusion products were identified by the dual fluorescence emission from the chloroplasts in mesophyll protoplasts (red) and from the fluorescein diacetate stain in light and norflurazon bleached protoplasts (yellow-green). Hybrid cells were isolated 2–3 days after fusion and cultured at a cell density of 2000 cells/ml. From a total of 1363 isolated putative hybrid cells, 258 divided to form calli. Plants were regenerated from 166 of these. Isozyme analysis confirmed the hybrid nature in 57 of 58 analysed plants. Ploidy was determined in 51 plants; 12% were tetraploid, 41% hexaploid, 12% octoploid and 35% were mixoploid. Expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes indicated that the majority of the hexaploid hybrids contained 2 genomes of the bleached parent and one genome of the mesophyll parent. This study shows that tetraploid somatic hybrid potato plants can be obtained by the fusion and selection method presented.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Asiegbu, F O, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogen-inducible cDNAs from the interaction of the root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 168:2, s. 365-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Subtractive hybridization was used to select cDNAs representing genes that are differentially expressed during interaction of the necrotroph Heterobasidion annosum and its conifer host (Pinus sylvestris). We obtained 966 ESTs from the subtraction cDNA library, which included 509 singletons and 147 contigs. The sequences of 492 clones (51%) significantly matched National Centre for Biotechnology Information Database entries. Four hundred and seventy-four ESTs (49%) had not been previously described. The ESTs with moderate to high similarity scores based on BlastX were organized into categories based on their putative function. Among the genes identified, 16% were associated with metabolism and other cellular functions, 14% with cell rescue and defence and 39% were classified as unknown. Seven of the genes shared significant homology to fungal genes. A cDNA encoding an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) was the most abundant transcript representing 2% of the total sequenced clones. The expression pattern of five ESTs (peroxidase, anti-microbial peptide, resistance gene analogue, unknown protein, thaumatin) were analysed by virtual Northern blot, and confirmed elevated levels of the gene transcripts upon pathogen infection. These ESTs provide insight into the host-pathogen interaction and also represent a resource for future research on H. annosum-conifer pathosystems.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Betts, Natalie S., et al.
(författare)
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Identification and spatio-temporal expression analysis of barley genes that encode putative modular xylanolytic enzymes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 308
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arabinoxylans are cell wall polysaccharides whose re-modelling and degradation during plant development are mediated by several classes of xylanolytic enzymes. Here, we present the identification and new annotation of twelve putative (1,4)-13-xylanase and six 13-xylosidase genes, and their spatio-temporal expression patterns during vegetative and reproductive growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Navigator). The encoded xylanase proteins are all predicted to contain a conserved carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and a catalytic glycoside hydrolase (GH) 10 domain. Additional domains in some xylanases define three discrete phylogenetic clades: one clade contains proteins with an additional N-terminal signal sequence, while another clade contains proteins with multiple CBMs. Homology modelling revealed that all fifteen xylanases likely contain a third domain, a 13-sandwich folded from two non-contiguous sequence segments that bracket the catalytic GH domain, which may explain why the full length protein is required for correct folding of the active enzyme. Similarly, predicted xylosidase proteins share a highly conserved domain structure, each with an N-terminal signal peptide, a split GH 3 domain, and a C-terminal fibronectin-like domain. Several genes appear to be ubiquitously expressed during barley growth and development, while four newly annotated xylanase and xylosidase genes are expressed at extremely high levels, which may be of broader interest for industrial applications where cell wall degradation is necessary.
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| 18. |
- Blair, Matthew W., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of an ERECTA gene and drought adaptation associations in wild and cultivated common bean
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 242, s. 250-259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this research, we cloned and accessed nucleotide diversity in the common beanERECTA gene which has been implicated in drought tolerance and stomatal patterning.The homologous gene segment was isolated with degenerate primer and was found to be located on Chromosome 1. The gene had at least one paralog on Chromosome 9 and duplicate copies in soybean for each homolog. ERECTA-like genes were also discovered but the function of these was of less interest due to low similarity with the ERECTA gene from Arabidopsis. The diversity of the 5’ end of the large Chr. 1 PvERECTA gene was evaluated in a collection of 145 wild and cultivated common beans that were also characterized by geographic source and drought tolerance, respectively. Our wild population sampled a range of wet to dry habitats, while our cultivated samples were representative of landrace diversity and the patterns of nucleotide variation differed between groups. The 5’ region exhibited lower levels of diversity in the cultivated collection, which was indicative of population bottlenecks associated with the domestication process, compared to the wild collection where diversity was associated with ecological differences. We discuss associations of nucleotide diversity at PvERECTA with drought tolerance prediction for the genotypes.
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| 19. |
- Chawade, Aakash
(författare)
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What is cost-efficient phenotyping? Optimizing costs for different scenarios
- 2019
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 282, s. 14-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Progress in remote sensing and robotic technologies decreases the hardware costs of phenotyping. Here, we first review cost-effective imaging devices and environmental sensors, and present a trade-off between investment and manpower costs. We then discuss the structure of costs in various real-world scenarios. Hand-held low-cost sensors are suitable for quick and infrequent plant diagnostic measurements. In experiments for genetic or agronomic analyses, (i) major costs arise from plant handling and manpower; (ii) the total costs per plant/microplot are similar in robotized platform or field experiments with drones, hand-held or robotized ground vehicles; (iii) the cost of vehicles carrying sensors represents only 5-26% of the total costs. These conclusions depend on the context, in particular for labor cost, the quantitative demand of phenotyping and the number of days available for phenotypic measurements due to climatic constraints. Data analysis represents 10-20% of total cost if pipelines have already been developed. A trade-off exists between the initial high cost of pipeline development and labor cost of manual operations. Overall, depending on the context and objsectives, "cost-effective" phenotyping may involve either low investment ("affordable phenotyping"), or initial high investments in sensors, vehicles and pipelines that result in higher quality and lower operational costs.
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| 20. |
- Christoffer, Johnsson, et al.
(författare)
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Cambial stem cells and their niche
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452. ; 252, s. 239-245
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unlike animals, plants often have an indefinite genetic potency to form new organs throughout their entire lifespan. Growth and organogenesis are driven by cell divisions in meristems at distinct sites within the plant. Since the meristems contributing to axial thickening in dicots (cambia) are separated from places where axes elongate (apical meristems); there is a need of communication to coordinate growth. In their behavior, some meristematic cells resemble animal stem cells whose daughter cells either maintain the capacity to divide over a long period of time or undergo differentiation. The behavior of stem cells is regulated by their microenvironment, the so called niche. The stem- and niche-cell concept is now also widely accepted for apical meristems. An integral part of the cambial niche has recently been localized to the phloem. It steers cell division activity in the cambium via the release of a peptide signal and may be a hub to integrate signals from other stem cell populations to coordinate growth. Although these signals have yet to be determined, the discovery of the cambial niche cells will pave the way for a better understanding of inter-meristematic communication and cambial stem cell behavior. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Feng, c, et al.
(författare)
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Arabidopsis MYB68 in development and responses to environmental cues. Plant Science 167
- 2004
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452. ; 167:5, s. 1099-1107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arabidopsis MYB68 gene encodes a MYB family protein with N-terminal R2R3 DNA-binding domains. Analyses of MYB68 expression by RNA blot and a transposant gene-trap MYB68::GUS reporter indicated that MYB68 is expressed specifically in root pericycle cells. Root cultures of the myb68 mutant, caused by the gene trap insertion in the first MYB68 exon, produced increased biomass and lignin levels compared to wild type. Under high temperature regimes, MYB68::GUS activity was elevated in roots, while vegetative growth of myb68 mutants was reduced compared to wild type. These data suggest that MYB68 is involved in some step(s) in root development. The closest MYB68 homolog, MYB84, exhibited an overlapping expression pattern in pericycle cells, suggesting that their functions may be partly redundant.
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| 22. |
- Jokipii-Lukkari, Soile, et al.
(författare)
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Dual targeted poplar ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase interacts with hemoglobin 1
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452. ; 247, s. 138-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous reports have connected non-symbiotic and truncated hemoglobins (Hbs) to metabolism of nitric oxide (NO), an important signalling molecule involved in wood formation. We have studied the capability of poplar (Populus tremula × tremuloides) Hbs PttHb1 and PttTrHb proteins alone or with a flavin-protein reductase to relieve NO cytotoxicity in living cells. Complementation tests in a Hb-deficient, NO-sensitive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) δyhb1 mutant showed that neither PttHb1 nor PttTrHb alone protected cells against NO. To study the ability of Hbs to interact with a reductase, ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase PtthFNR was characterized by sequencing and proteomics. To date, by far the greatest number of the known dual-targeted plant proteins are directed to chloroplasts and mitochondria. We discovered a novel variant of hFNR that lacks the plastid presequence and resides in cytosol. The coexpression of PttHb1 and PtthFNR partially restored NO resistance of the yeast δyhb1 mutant, whereas PttTrHb coexpressed with PtthFNR failed to rescue growth. YFP fusion proteins confirmed the interaction between PttHb1 and PtthFNR in plant cells. The structural modelling results indicate that PttHb1 and PtthFNR are able to interact as NO dioxygenase. This is the first report on dual targeting of central plant enzyme FNR to plastids and cytosol.
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| 23. |
- Kjellberg, J. Magnus, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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GTP-dependent phosphorylation and GTPγS-dependent thiophosphorylation of proteins and lipids in chloroplasts isolated from leaves of spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452. ; 166:3, s. 601-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the interaction of GTP and its slowly-hydrolysable analogue, GTPγS, with isolated chloroplast envelope, stroma and thylakoids from spinach (Spinacia oleracea). We used a filter assay to monitor [35S]GTPγS-dependent labelling of the chloroplast fractions. All fractions were labelled by [35S]GTPγS and the labelling was competed by unlabelled GTPγS, GTP and GDP over ATP and GMP. The label associated with the chloroplast fractions was, at least partly, covalent thiophosphate labelling of proteins as well as traces of lipid labelling. The pattern of [35S]GTPγS-dependent protein thiophosphorylation differed from [35S]ATPγS dependent thiophosphorylation as well as from [γ-32P]GTP and [γ-32P]ATP dependent protein phosphorylation. Incubation of chloroplast fractions with [γ-32P]GTP also resulted in heavy labelling of several lipids and lipid phosphorylation was markedly more prominent than lipid thiophosphorylation. The results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of guanine nucleotides in the regulation of thylakoid biogenesis
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| 24. |
- Komaraiah, P., et al.
(författare)
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Enhancement of anthraquinone accumulation in Morinda citrifolia suspension cultures
- 2005
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 168:5, s. 1337-1344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enhancement of accumulation of anthraquinones in Morinda citrifolia (Noni fruit) suspension cultures was accomplished by treatment with elicitors, by ultrasonication and by controlled feeding of the carbon source in the growth medium. The elicitation was attained by additions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid), methyl jasmonate, salicylate and nitric oxide (by addition of sodium nitroprusside to the medium) at different concentrations. The accumulation of anthraquinones in the elicited cultures ranged from 5 to 12 mg/g dry weight of cells, which was two to three-fold of what was attained in control cultures. Treatment by short pulses of ultrasonication enhanced the accumulation up to 2.5-fold after 16 s of sonication. A synergistic effect was achieved by simultaneously applying elicitation and controlled addition of sucrose, that increased the anthraquinone production to 16.74 mg/g of dry weight, which was more than a four-fold increase above the control cultures. The accumulation of the anthraquinones in the M. citrifolia cells was confirmed by confocal laser fluorescence microscopy. Minor fluorescence was observed from the cells in the lag phase (1-3 days), while substantially higher fluorescence was observed at late exponential and stationary phase (10-14 days). Rounder spherical cells emitted less fluorescence than elongated slender cells. The fluorescence was assumed to be a result of autofluorescent properties of the aromatic anthraquinone molecules. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Meijer, Johan
(författare)
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The two non-functional myrosinase genes TGG3 and TGG6 in Arabidopsis are expressed predominantly in pollen
- 2009
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 177, s. 371-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myrosinases are a family of β-thioglucoside glucohydrolases (TGGs) that catalyze hydrolysis of glucosinolates to deter pest insects and pathogens. Arabidopsis has six myrosinase genes, of which TGG1, TGG2, TGG4 and TGG5 have been reported as functional, and TGG3 as a pseudogene, while TGG6 has received little attention. Both genomic and cDNA of TGG6 were cloned from five ecotypes and sequenced in this research. TGG6 had the same gene structure as TGG4 and TGG5, but contained several frameshift mutations and should be non-functional. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated that TGG6 was specifically expressed in flowers. Promoter-driven GUS expression showed that TGG6 was solely expressed in mature pollen grains when flowers initiated blossom. TGG6 expression was not detected in other cell types of anthers and other organs. The TGG3 promoter-driven GUS expression was similarly predominantly expressed in mature pollen, but the expression of TGG3 in pollen was initiated before flower bud blossoming, earlier than of TGG6, and there was weak expression in petals and pollen sac cells for a short period
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| 27. |
- Olofsson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Trichome isolation with and without fixation using laser microdissection and pressure catapulting followed by RNA amplification: Expression of genes of terpene metabolism in apical and sub-apical trichome cells of Artemisia annua L.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 183, s. 9-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this project was to evaluate the effect of fixation on plant material prior to Laser Microdissection and Pressure Catapulting (LMPC) and to identify an appropriate method for preserving good RNA quality after cell isolation. Therefore, flower buds from Artemisia annua L. were exposed to either the fixative formaldehyde or a non-fixative buffer prior to cell isolation by LMPC. Proteinase K was used after cell isolation from fixed plant tissue, in an attempt to improve the RNA yield. The ability to detect gene expression using real-time quantitative PCR with or without previous amplification of RNA from cells isolated by LMPC was also evaluated. Conclusively, we describe a new technique, without fixation, enabling complete isolation of intact glandular secretory trichomes and specific single trichome cells of A. annua. This method is based on LMPC and preserves good RNA quality for subsequent RNA expression studies of both whole trichomes, apical and sub-apical cells from trichomes of A. annua. Using this method, expression of genes of terpene metabolism was studied by real-time quantitative PCR. Expression of genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis was observed in both apical and sub-apical cells.
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| 28. |
- Olsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of bovine calmodulin in tobacco plants confers faster germination on saline media
- 2004
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452. ; 166:6, s. 1595-1604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calmodulin is a Ca2+-dependent regulatory protein in eukaryotic cells involved in a variety of intracellular activities. Many responses to abiotic stresses involve signaling by Ca2+ and Ca2+/calmodulin regulation, including water and salinity stress. To investigate how calmodulin affects germination on media with high concentrations of NaCl, transgenic tobacco plants expressing heterologous calmodulin were generated and characterized. Transgenic tobacco seeds showed significantly shortened germination times on media containing varying salt (120-160 mM) and calcium (3 and 13 mM) concentrations, compared to control seeds. Using media containing 140 mM NaCl and 13 mM CaCl2, the average germination time was shortened by 2-3 days compared to control (P < 0.05). In addition, the germinating transgenic seeds contained higher transient levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid compared to control seeds (P < 0.05). The tobacco Ca2+/calmodulin-regulated glutamate decarboxylase, synthesizing gamma-aminobutyric acid may therefore be stimulated by the heterologous calmodulin. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Breeding schemes for the implementation of genomic selection in wheat (Triticum spp.)
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 242, s. 23-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade the breeding technology referred to as ‘genomic selection’ (GS) has been implemented in a variety of species, with particular success in animal breeding. Recent research shows the potential of GS to reshape wheat breeding. Many authors have concluded that the estimated genetic gain per year applying GS is several times that of conventional breeding. GS is, however, a new technology for wheat breeding and many programs worldwide are still struggling to identify the best strategy for its implementation. This article provides practical guidelines on the key considerations when implementing GS. A review of the existing GS literature for a range of species is provided and used to prime breeder-oriented considerations on the practical applications of GS. Furthermore, this article discusses potential breeding schemes for GS, genotyping considerations, and methods for effective training population design. The components of selection intensity, progress toward inbreeding in half- or full-sibs recurrent schemes, and the generation of selection are also presented.
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| 30. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio
(författare)
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Genomic-based root plasticity to enhance abiotic stress adaptation and edible yield in grain crops
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phenotypic plasticity refers to changes expressed by a genotype across different environments and is one of the major means by which plants cope with environmental variability. Multi-fold differences in phenotypic plasticity have been noted across crops, with wild ancestors and landraces being more plastic than crops when under stress. Plasticity in response to abiotic stress adaptation, plant architecture, physio-reproductive and quality traits are multi-genic (QTL). Plasticity QTL (pQTL) were either collocated with main effect QTL and QEI (QTL × environment interaction) or located independently from the main effect QTL. For example, variations in root plasticity have been successfully introgressed to enhance abiotic stress adaptation in rice. The independence of genetic control of a trait and of its plasticity suggests that breeders may select for high or low plasticity in combination with high or low performance of economically important traits. Trait plasticity in stressful environments may be harnessed through breeding stress-tolerant crops. There exists a genetic cost associated with plasticity, so a better understanding of the trade-offs between plasticity and productivity is warranted prior to undertaking breeding for plasticity traits together with productivity in stress environments.
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| 31. |
- Palma, Carolina Falcato Fialho, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic changes in cucumber leaves are enhanced by blue light and differentially affected by UV interactions with light signalling pathways in the visible spectrum
- 2022
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultraviolet radiation (UV, 280-400 nm) as an environmental signal triggers metabolic acclimatory responses. However, how different light qualities affect UV acclimation during growth is poorly understood. Here, cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were grown under blue, green, red, or white light in combination with UV. Their effects on leaf metabolites were determined using untargeted metabolomics. Blue and white growth light triggered the accumulation of compounds related to primary and secondary metabolism, including amino acids, phenolics, hormones, and compounds related to sugar metabolism and the TCA cycle. In contrast, supplementary UV in a blue or white light background decreased leaf content of amino acids, phenolics, sugars, and TCA-related compounds, without affecting abscisic acid, auxin, zeatin, or jasmonic acid levels. However, in plants grown under green light, UV-induced accumulation of phenolics, hormones (auxin, zeatin, dihydrozeatin-7-N-dihydrozeatin, jasmonic acid), amino acids, sugars, and TCA cycle-related compounds. Plants grown under red light with UV mainly showed decreased sugar content. These findings highlight the importance of the blue light component for metabolite accumulation. Also, data on interactions of UV with green light on the one hand, and blue or white light on the other, further contributes to our understanding of light quality regulation of plant metabolism.
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| 32. |
- Raggi, Sara
(författare)
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Coordination of five class III peroxidase-encoding genes for early germination events of Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Class III peroxidases (CIII Prxs) belong to a plant-specific multigene family. Thanks to their double catalytic cycle they can oxidize compounds or release reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are either involved in different cell wall stiffening processes such as lignification and suberization, in cell wall loosening or defense mechanisms. Germination is an important developmental stage requiring specific peroxidase activity. However, lithe is known about which isoforms are involved. Five CIII Prx encoding genes: AtPrx04, AtPrx16, AtPrx62, AtPrx69, and AtPrx71 were identified from published microarray data mining. Delayed or induced testa and endosperm rupture were observed for the corresponding CIII Prx mutant lines indicating either a gene-specific inducing or repressing role during germination, respectively. Via in situ hybridization AtPrx16, AtPrx62, AtPrx69 and AtPrx71 transcripts were exclusively localized to the micropylar endosperm facing the radicle, and transcriptomic data analysis enabled positioning the five CIII Prxs in a co-expression network enriched in germination, cell wall, cell wall proteins and xyloglucan hits. Evidence were produced showing that the five CIII Prxs were cell wall-targeted proteins and that the micropylar endosperm displayed a complex cell wall domain topochemistry. Finally, we drew a spatio-temporal model highlighting the fine sequential gene expression and the possible involvement of micropylar endosperm cell wall domains to explain the non-redundant cell wall stiffening and loosening functions of the CIII Prxs in a single cell type. We also highlighted the necessity of a peroxidase homeostasis to accurately control the micropylar endosperm cell wall dynamics during Arabidopsis germination events.
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| 33. |
- Rampuria, Sakshi, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogen-induced AdDjSKI of the wild peanut, Arachisdiogoi, potentiates tolerance of multiple stresses in E. coli andtobacco
- 2018
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452. ; 272, s. 62-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gene encoding a serine-rich DnaJIII protein called AdDjSKI that has a 4Fe-4S cluster domain was found to be differentially upregulated in the wild peanut, Arachis diogoi in its resistance responses against the late leaf spot causing fungal pathogen Phaeoisariopsis personata when compared with the cultivated peanut, Arachis hypogaea. AdDjSKI is induced in multiple stress conditions in A. diogoi. Recombinant E. coli cells expressing AdDjSKI showed better growth kinetics when compared with vector control cells under salinity, osmotic, acidic and alkaline stress conditions. Overexpression of this type three J-protein potentiates not only abiotic stress tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun, but also enhances its disease resistance against the phytopathogenic fungi Phytophthora parasitica pv nicotianae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In the present study we show transcriptional upregulation of APX, Mn-SOD and HSP70 under heat stress and increased transcripts of PR genes in response to fungal infection. This transmembrane-domain-containing J protein displays punctate localization in chloroplasts. AdDjSKI appears to ensure proper folding of proteins associated with the photosynthetic machinery under stress.
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| 34. |
- Smolka, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Involvement of the ARRO-1 gene in adventitious root formation in apple
- 2009
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 177, s. 710-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adventitious root formation is a limiting factor for vegetative propagation in apple. The molecular mechanisms underlying the rooting process are still largely unknown and need to be extensively investigated. The Adventitious Rooting Related Oxygenase (ARRO-1) has previously been isolated from apple and has been shown to be upregulated during adventitious root induction. However, the function of this gene is still unclear. The aim of this study was to downregulate the ARRO-1 gene expression, using RNAi technique, to study the function of ARRO-I in adventitious root formation in apple. The apple rootstock M26 was transformed with the RNAi-ARRO-1 construct. The transgenic clones, confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis, showed significantly reduced adventitious root formation both with microcuttings and stem discs, indicating the involvement of ARRO-1 in adventitious root formation. The transgenic clones also appeared to be more sensitive to exogenous hormones compared to the untransformed control plants, Suggesting that ARRO-1 may be involved in regulating hormone homeostasis. Relative quantification of the ARRO-1 mRNA showed no obvious difference in transcript levels between untransformed control and the transformants. A possible explanation for this is that the downregulation of the ARRO-1 gene might be translational rather than transcriptional. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Srivastava, A., et al.
(författare)
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Gamma (γ)-radiation stress response of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC7120 : Regulatory role of LexA and photophysiological changes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 326, s. 111529-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High radioresistance of the cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. PCC7120 has been attributed to efficient DNA repair, protein recycling, and oxidative stress management. However, the regulatory network involved in these batteries of responses remains unexplored. In the present study, the role of a global regulator, LexA in modulating gamma (γ)-radiation stress response of Anabaena was investigated. Comparison of the cytosolic proteome profiles upon γ-radiation in recombinant Anabaena strains, AnpAM (vector-control) and AnlexA+ (LexA-overexpressing), revealed 41 differentially accumulated proteins, corresponding to 29 distinct proteins. LexA was found to be involved in the regulation of 27 of the corresponding genes based on the presence of AnLexA-Box, EMSA, and/or qRT-PCR studies. The majority of the regulated genes were found to be involved in C-assimilation either through photosynthesis or C-catabolism and oxidative stress alleviation. Photosynthesis, measured in terms of PSII photophysiological parameters and thylakoid membrane proteome was found to be affected by γ-radiation in both AnpAM and AnlexA+ cells, with LexA affecting them even under control growth conditions. Thus, LexA functioned as one of the transcriptional regulators involved in modulating γ-radiation stress response in Anabaena. This study could pave the way for a deeper understanding of the regulation of γ-radiation-responsive genes in cyanobacteria at large.
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| 36. |
- Tan, Biyue, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic relationships reveal significant dominance effects for growth in hybrid Eucalyptus
- 2018
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 267, s. 84-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-additive genetic effects can be effectively exploited in control-pollinated families with the availability of genome-wide markers. We used 41,304 SNP markers and compared pedigree vs. marker-based genetic models by analysing height, diameter, basic density and pulp yield for Eucalyptus urophylla x E.grandis control-pollinated families represented by 949 informative individuals. We evaluated models accounting for additive, dominance, and first-order epistatic interactions (additive by additive, dominance by dominance, and additive by dominance). We showed that the models can capture a large proportion of the genetic variance from dominance and epistasis for growth traits as those components are typically not independent. We also showed that we could partition genetic variances more precisely when using relationship matrices derived from markers compared to using only pedigree information. In addition, phenotypic prediction accuracies were only slightly increased by including dominance effects for growth traits since estimates of non-additive variances yielded rather high standard errors. This novel result improves our current understanding of the architecture of quantitative traits and recommends accounting for dominance variance when developing genomic selection strategies in hybrid Eucalyptus.
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| 37. |
- Verdaguer, Dolors, et al.
(författare)
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UV-A radiation effects on higher plants : Exploring the known unknown
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 255, s. 72-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultraviolet-A radiation (UV-A: 315–400 nm) is a component of solar radiation that exerts a wide range of physiological responses in plants. Currently, field attenuation experiments are the most reliable source of information on the effects of UV-A. Common plant responses to UV-A include both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on biomass accumulation and morphology. UV-A effects on biomass accumulation can differ from those on root: shoot ratio, and distinct responses are described for different leaf tissues. Inhibitory and enhancing effects of UV-A on photosynthesis are also analysed, as well as activation of photoprotective responses, including UV-absorbing pigments. UV-A-induced leaf flavonoids are highly compound-specific and species-dependent. Many of the effects on growth and development exerted by UV-A are distinct to those triggered by UV-B and vary considerably in terms of the direction the response takes. Such differences may reflect diverse UV-perception mechanisms with multiple photoreceptors operating in the UV-A range and/or variations in the experimental approaches used. This review highlights a role that various photoreceptors (UVR8, phototropins, phytochromes and cryptochromes) may play in plant responses to UV-A when dose, wavelength and other conditions are taken into account.
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| 38. |
- Vico, Giulia
(författare)
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Carbon and water relations in perennial Kernza (Thinopyrum intermedium): An overview
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perennial crops have been proposed as a more sustainable alternative to annual crops, because they have extended growing seasons, continuous ground cover, reduced nutrient leakage, and sequester more carbon in the soils than annual crops. One example is intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), a perennial crop that has been used as a cool-season forage throughout the USA and Canada and also across its native range in Eurasia. Since the 1980's, intermediate wheatgrass has been under domestication to improve seed fertility and grain yield. Commercial products are being sold under the trade name Kernza, owned by The Land Institute, located in Salina, Kansas, USA. This review provides a comprehensive framework about the physical and biological aspects involving the water and carbon cycles in Kernza plants. The main aspects we highlight here are based on previous findings regarding Kernza: i) the ability of maintaining a relatively high water-use efficiency throughout the whole growing season, which is beneficial to mitigate water stress, representing an important physiological mean to acclimate under severe, unfavorable weather conditions, and ii) its higher evapotranspiration (ET) and net carbon uptake rates, particularly when compared to annual counterparts. Only a thorough multifaceted assessment of the repercussion for carbon and water fluxes of a shift from annual crops to Kernza will allow assessing the perspectives of such novel perennial crop to support food security and a number of ecosystem services, particularly under future climates.
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| 39. |
- Wallström, Sabá, et al.
(författare)
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An alternatively spliced domain of the NDC1 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase gene strongly influences the expression of the ACTIN2 reference gene in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452. ; 183, s. 190-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In plant respiratory chains, alternative pathways for NAD(P)H oxidation are mediated by type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases belonging to the NDA, NDB, and NDC families. For the latter type, Arabidopsis thaliana contains a single gene, NDC1, whose functional role has not previously been analyzed in the plant. We found that A. thaliana NDC1 is alternatively spliced. Four base pairs at the 3' end of intron 5 are spliced out in NDC1-1, but retained in the NDC1-2 mRNA, which therefore contains a truncated reading frame. Both variants are conserved in dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants and their relative abundance varies between organs and in response to light. Three analyzed NDC1 T-DNA insertion lines all displayed an early bolting phenotype. A dramatic upregulation of ACTIN2 was characteristic of two lines containing T-DNA inserts upstream of intron 5, whereas a line with an insertion downstream of the NDC1-2 reading frame had an ACTIN2 expression level identical to the wildtype. Thus, the alternatively spliced 5' domain of NDC1 strongly influences the expression of the functionally unrelated ACTIN2, which is a common reference gene for quantitative RT-PCR. Also for other reference genes, strong expressional effects were observed when comparing various mutants and wildtypes in microarray databases.
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| 40. |
- Wang, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical characterization of the novel endo-β-mannanase AtMan5-2 from Arabidopsis thaliana
- 2015
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 241, s. 151-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant mannanases are enzymes that carry out fundamentally important functions in cell wall metabolism during plant growth and development by digesting manno-polysaccharides. In this work, the Arabidopsis mannanase 5-2 (AtMan5-2) from a previously uncharacterized subclade of glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 7 (GH5_7) has been heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris. Purified recombinant AtMan5-2 is a glycosylated protein with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kDa, a pH optimum of 5.5-6.0 and a temperature optimum of 25 degrees C. The enzyme exhibits high substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency on mannan substrates with main chains containing both glucose and mannose units such as konjac glucomannan and spruce galactoglucomannan. Product analysis of manno-oligosaccharide hydrolysis shows that AtMan5-2 requires at least six substrate-binding subsites. No transglycosylation activity for the recombinant enzyme was detected in the present study. Our results demonstrate diversification of catalytic function among members in the Arabidopsis GH5_7 subfamily.
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| 41. |
- WINGSLE, G, et al.
(författare)
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ACTIVITIES OF GLUTATHIONE-REDUCTASE AND SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE IN RELATION TO CHANGES OF LIPIDS AND PIGMENTS DUE TO OZONE IN SEEDLINGS OF PINUS-SYLVESTRIS (L)
- 1992
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 82:2, s. 167-178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scots pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris L.) were exposed to ozone at a high-level, 300 ppb 8 h/day for 5 days, and at a low-level, 70-80 ppb 8 h/day for 10 days. In the high-level and low-level experiment the chlorophyll a content decreased 11% and 8%, respectively. The high-level ozone experiment affected the xanthophyll cycle by a 19% higher level of violaxanthin in the exposed seedlings compared to controls at day 5. This was also accompanied by a 42% lower concentration of zeaxanthin. No significant changes of the carotenoids neoxanthin, lutein, alpha-carotene or beta-carotene were found. The molar ratio monogalactosyl diacylglycerol/digalactosyl diacylglycerol decreased by 11% in the high-level ozone exposure. This suggests that the galactolipid:galactolipid galactosyl transferase, located in the outer envelope membrane of the chloroplast, was stimulated by ozone. No significant changes in the total membrane lipid or the acyl group composition was detected. In the high-level ozone experiment the concentration of soluble protein increased in the exposed seedlings during the last 3 days of the experimental period without any change in total protein. No visible damages were observed. The results showed that the activity of the defence enzymes superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) was not altered after ozone exposure.
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| 42. |
- Yong, Jean W.H
(författare)
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Mechanisms underlying enhanced Cd translocation and tolerance in roots of Populus euramericana in response to nitrogen fertilization
- 2019
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Ingår i: Plant Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9452 .- 1873-2259. ; 287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate how nitrogen (N) availability influences cadmium (Cd) absorption, translocation and stress tolerance in roots of Populus euramericana. Seedling growth was sensitive to N deficiency, but it was unaltered by Cd exposure. Cadmium absorption by roots was promoted by N deficiency, resulting in a higher root Cd concentration compared to the N-sufficient condition. Fine-root length was tightly correlated (R-2 = 0.73) with Cd concentration in roots, indicating that vigorous fine-root proliferation under N deficiency contributed to active absorption and accumulation of Cd in roots. Despite accumulation in roots, Cd translocation from roots to shoots was less active under N deficiency compared to N sufficiency. This was related to elevated glutathione reductase (GR) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels in roots after N application, which may not only promote antioxidant defence, but also facilitate the formation of GSH-Cd complexes that are uploaded into root cylinders. Nitrogen application also promoted antioxidant defense in roots via increased production of phytohormones and the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Transcript levels for genes responsible for antioxidant defense, Cd detoxification and Cd uploading were increased in roots by N application. The N-stimulated Cd tolerance, detoxification and uploading in roots are factors likely to promote Cd translocation from roots to shoots, which may enhance the biological capacity of this poplar species for phytoremediation of Cd pollution.
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