| 1. |
- Bohman, Doris, et al.
(författare)
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"We Clean Our Houses, Prepare for Weddings and Go to Funerals" : Daily Lives of Elderly Africans in Majaneng, South Africa
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This ethnographic study aims to identify and describe how a group of elderly African people in South Africa experience their daily life and related concerns and interests. Data were collected through group interviews involving 16 elderly persons and complementary field observations. The data were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. From the analysis following sub-themes emerged. 1. Lack of basic resources; 2. Routines in daily life; 3. Experience of unsafe conditions; 4. "The disease" - HIV/AIDS. The results have been discussed according to the following themes: keeping normality and changing society. The study illuminates the varied experiences in daily life, including lack of basic resources, experience of unsafe conditions, and the HIV/AIDS pandemic and its consequences for the elderly as contributors to the extended family.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cameron, Lisa J. H., et al.
(författare)
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Earning Their Keep : The Productivity of Older Women and Men in Rural Bangladesh
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 25:1, s. 87-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Bangladesh, being active and able to participate in productive activities is often essential to ensure ongoing health and survival. This study aims to describe and explore the patterns of participation in productive activities by older people in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh. Data from a cross sectional survey of people over 60 years of age was utilised. Six hundred and twenty five men and women participated in home based interviews providing information about their participation in productive activities including work, domestic activities and community groups. Overall, 94.4% of subjects reported participation in at least one productive activity. Men were the main participants in paid work and community groups, with 62% reporting engagement in paid work and 44% contributing to community groups. Both men (95.4%) and women (91.9%) reported performing at least one domestic activity. Performance of higher numbers of domestic tasks was associated with being younger, female, not requiring any assistance with self care, not married, not living with any children and earning between 100–999 Bangladesh Taka in the past month. Participation in community groups was low with only 26% of the sample reporting any involvement. This study indicates a high level of productivity in the older population in Matlab which benefits the individual, the family and the wider community. The safety and suitability of typical productive activities needs further investigation, in order to inform strategies protecting the older population from the effects of over work and harmful activities.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Horstmann, Vibeke, et al.
(författare)
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Life Satisfaction in Older Women in Latvia and Sweden-Relations to Standard of Living, Aspects of Health and Coping Behaviour.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-0719 .- 0169-3816. ; 27:4, s. 391-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To study and compare associations between life satisfaction and standard of living, health, and coping behaviour in older single-living women in two countries with different political, economical and cultural situations: Latvia and Sweden. Cross sectional data included 260 Latvian and 288 Swedish women, aged 75-84 and 80-89, from the ENABLE-AGE Survey Study. Life satisfaction was assessed by the question: All in all, how satisfied are you with your life? Standard of living was assessed by economic and housing conditions, and health by perceived and objective health and activities in daily living. Three factors, Fight, Helplessness, and Distraction, were obtained from the Coping Patterns Schedule. Correlations between Life satisfaction and standard of living, health, and coping were calculated. The variance in Life satisfaction explained by these variables was obtained in each sample by ordinal regression models. Life satisfaction was significantly lower in the Latvian sample than in the Swedish. Standard of living was lower and health poorer in the younger Latvian sample than in the Swedish, but more of the variance in Life satisfaction was explained in the Latvian sample by standard of living (18 % vs 2 %) and less by health (6 % vs 15 %). Coping factors explained 29 % of the variation in Life satisfaction in the Latvian sample as opposed to 15 % in the Swedish. For single-living older women low standard of living seems to be a more serious obstacle than poor health, making it difficult to obtain a reasonable life satisfaction.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kiwi, Mahin
(författare)
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Away from Home or Returned Home? What Iranian Participants with Dementia Experience while Living in a Culturally Profiled Nursing Home in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : SPRINGER. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 38, s. 343-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explores Iranian immigrants with dementia living in a culturally profiled Swedish nursing home and what it means to be at "home." The meaning given to a place, in general, is understood to be generated and formed by experiences, expectations, hopes, and chains of events, and its significance can change over time. Life changes will mainly affect the understanding of what constitutes "home." Such a concept can be challenging to define, especially amongst some immigrant populations and those with dementia, for whom parameters change and choice can be limited. This qualitative research study is based on ethnographic fieldwork following ten participants. The data was analyzed, and three main categories that contribute to understanding "home" as part of the delivery of care to elderly immigrants with dementia, namely "a place to escape to", "a place to be", and "a place to live", were identified. The findings show that living in a culturally profiled nursing home in Sweden gave residents a feeling of self-rule, although the institution did have its codes and rules. Considering the feeling of home, none of the participants felt at home; instead, they stated that the culturally profiled nursing home was merely a place to live. Factors that strengthened their independence were the ability to speak the language they were familiar with and receiving medical help without relying on their children.
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| 9. |
- Kiwi, Mahin, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Deciding upon Transition to Residential Care for Persons Living with Dementia : why Do Iranian Family Caregivers Living in Sweden Cease Caregiving at Home?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 33:1, s. 21-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has shown how filial piety is strong among people of Iranian background and that traditional Iranian culture result in most families’ preferring to care for their elderly (and sick) family members at home. While acknowledging this, this article highlights what living in diaspora could mean in terms of cultural adaption and changing family values. By interviewing people with Iranian background living in Sweden (n = 20), whom all have been former primary caregivers to a relative living with dementia, we are able to show how the decision to cease caregiving at home is taken, and what underlying factors form the basis for such decision. Results indicate that although the existence of a Persian profiled dementia care facility is crucial in the making of the decision, it is the feeling of ‘sheer exhaustion’ that is the main factor for ceasing care at home. And, we argue, the ability to make such a decision based upon ‘being too tired’ must be understood in relation to transition processes and changes in lifestyle having an affect upon cultural values in relation to filial piety. Because, at the same time the changes on cultural values might not change accordingly among the elderly who are the ones moving into residential care, resulting in them quite often being left out of the actual decision.
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| 10. |
- Kylberg, Marianne, et al.
(författare)
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A European Perspective on the Service Delivery Systems for Assistive Technology - Differences and Similarities Between Latvia and Sweden.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-0719 .- 0169-3816. ; 30:1, s. 51-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- National laws and regulations on service delivery systems (SDS) for assistive technology (AT) in Europe aim to support the activity and participation of people with disabilities. The aim of this paper was to study similarities and differences in the SDS for AT of one Eastern and one Western EU member state. The legislation and regulations, and their operationalization were described from the perspective of key actors, with a focus on the ageing population. Semi-structured interviews (N = 14) were conducted in Sweden and Latvia. The informants had various professional backgrounds and organizational roles, and represented different areas of work. Similarities found were connected to legislation and policy, the aim of AT provision, the growth of a private sector and how financial resources affect the SDS. Differences were related to the availability of AT, and to how, and for and by whom the devices were provided, with Latvia prioritizing certain groups over others and excluding older people. In Latvia, despite it not being stated in the legislation, a medical perspective on AT provision was applied, whereas in Sweden, in congruence with the legislation, the perspective was explicitly biopsychosocial. Despite similarities on the legislation and policy level, interpreted based on the perceptions of professionals there are marked differences between Latvia and Sweden in the operationalization of the SDS of AT. To support activity and participation for the ageing population, the services connected to AT need to be carefully thought out and executed, making efficient use of financial resources and professional competencies.
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| 11. |
- Löfqvist, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Home and Health over Nine Years among very Old People in Latvia – Results from the ENABLE-AGE Project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; :1, s. 17-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To meet the needs of an increasing, heterogeneous, ageing population it is imperative to understand links between home and health. In Latvia, only limited research targeting the health and home situation of very old people is available. Consequently, the aim of this study was to describe how the home environment and aspects of health have changed over nine years between 2002 and 2011 for very old people in Latvia, living in their home environment. This study is based on the Latvian part of the cross-national European ENABLE-AGE Project comprising data on objective, as well as perceived, aspects of home and health. Longitudinal data from those involved on both data collection occasions (N = 59) was used. At the nine-year follow-up, participants were between 86 and 90 years of age, still living in their own homes. The results show that not only health aspects varied along the ageing process, objective and perceived aspects of home also changed. The physical as well as the cognitive and emotional bonding to the home significantly increased i.e. aspects of meaning such as familiarity and feeling safe in your home, privacy and independence became more important for the very old participants over time. Life satisfaction increased over the years even though objective health factors decreased. Since aspects of home as well as health can be assumed to impact on the outcome of ageing, the situation for this age group in Latvia must be further studied in order to develop suitable and appropriate social and health services, policies and living conditions.
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| 12. |
- Manasatchakun, Pornpun, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with healthy ageing among older persons in Northeastern Thailand
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - New York : Springer. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 31:4, s. 369-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe factors associated with perceived health and healthy aging among older people in northeastern Thailand. Thailand's aging population is growing and facing an increasing old-age dependency ratio. Northeastern Thailand, known as Isan, is a region in which the number of older residents is projected to grow rapidly. Older people in this region are likely to confront great threats to their health and well-being. These issues require appropriate attention and actions to promote healthy aging. However, healthy aging in this region has not been studied. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 453 older people, aged 60 years or older. Participants completed the Healthy Aging Instrument (HAI) and provided relevant demographic characteristics. Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple regression models were used to analyze the data. Through comparative analyses, significant differences in HAI scores were observed for the following factors: marital status, residential area, disability, income level, and perceived meaningfulness in life. In the multiple regression models, residential area, disability, and marital status explained 24.30 % of the variance in HAI scores. Health promotion strategies and future targeted intervention programs should consider the importance of these factors.
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| 13. |
- Mattiasson, Anne-Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative empirical study of autonomy in nursing homes in Sweden and Florida, USA
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 12:4, s. 299-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study seeks to comparatively examine how autonomy is evaluated by a sample of nursing staff in both Sweden and Florida, USA. In both cultures support for patient autonomy was generally greater from an individual point of view than from the anticipated institutional perspective. Comparisons between the cultures revealed that individual staff members in the Swedish nursing homes generally gave higher priority to patient preference than did their American counterparts. On the other hand, support for patient preference was generally greater in the American nursing homes in regard to institutionally anticipated decision. There were statistically significant mean value differences between Swedish nursing staff's personal opinion and anticipated institutional decisions in five of six case studies. Nursing staff's personal opinion showed a stronger support for patient's preferences. There was a statistically significant mean value difference between American nursing staffs' personal opinion and anticipated institutional decisions in only one of the six case studies. In spite of cultural differences the reported results to some degree reflect a common value-system regarding both the anticipated institutional perspective and nursing staffs' personal opinion.
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| 14. |
- Müller, Nicole, 1963-
(författare)
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Aging with French: Observations from South Louisiana
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 24:2, s. 143-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- South Louisiana is home to long-established French and French-Creole speaking minorities of varied origin. This paper reports on fieldwork observation in a nursing home among whose residents were many French speakers. The research question with which this context was approached was kept deliberately wide, namely, how bilingualism might feature in the lives of participants, or what the linguistic practices and preferences of participants might be. Thus, rather than impose pre-determined analytical categories on the research situation that could be formulated into a hypothesis to be tested by quantificational means, the work reported here is an attempt to describe the participants' practices, and perspectives on the phenomenon under investigation.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Nielsen, T. Rune, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive Advantages in Adult Turkish Bilingual Immigrants - a Question of the Chicken or the Egg
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : SPRINGER. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 34:2, s. 115-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of studies suggest both cognitive disadvantages and advantages of bilingualism. In the current study, it is attempted to provide an account of the cognitive advantages associated with bilingualism in a Turkish immigrant population in Denmark.The total sample consisted of 71 middle-aged and older adults born and raised in Turkey who had migrated to Denmark in their teenage years or later. All participants were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery and degree of Turkish-Danish bilingualism was estimated via rater assessment according to a three-point scale. Associations between bilingualism and cognitive function were established for five cognitive domains: executive function, memory, language, visuospatial function and speed. Analysis of covariance was used to estimate the independent association between bilingualism and cognitive function for each cognitive domain. Covariates included education, gender, ethnicity, and proportion of life lived in Denmark. In unadjusted analyses, greater degree of bilingualism was associated with better executive functioning (pamp;lt;.001), visuospatial functioning (p=.002) and speed (pamp;lt;.001). However, in analyses adjusted for covariates only executive functioning (p=.01) and task switching ability (p=.01) remained significant, while a trend for better memory function was found in those with a high degree of bilingualism (p=.07).The current study indicates that bilingual Turkish immigrants have better executive functioning and episodic memory compared to Turkish immigrant monolinguals. Whether this is due to the effects of bilingualism or reflects inherent cognitive abilities in those able to acquire bilingualism in later life remains to be resolved.
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| 17. |
- Plejert, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Response practices in multilingual interaction with an older Persian woman in a Swedish residential home
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 29:1, s. 1-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present case study, a care encounter between an older multilingual (Farsi/Swedish/English) Persian woman and staff in an ordinary, Swedish residential home is investigated. The woman is perceived as suffering from dementia symptoms, but has not received any formal diagnosis of the disease. More specifically, the study focuses on how the woman's contributions in her mother tongue, Farsi, are responded to by a carer, who is also multilingual and speaks Swedish as a second language (L2), but has a very limited knowledge of Farsi. The data consists of recorded material from a mundane morning activity in the residential home, as the woman is undressed and prepared to go to the shower. The method employed is conversation analysis, and the study addresses the interactional outcome of this type of multilingual encounters, highlighting the way the establishment of mutual understanding is negatively affected by the fact that the participants do not or only to a limited extent share a common language. Analysis of the data shows that most of the woman's contributions in Farsi are responded to in L2-Swedish by the carer, primarily by means of seven different response practices: soothing talk, instrumental talk, minimal responses, explicit expressions of understanding, mitigating talk, questions, and appraisal. The findings are discussed in light of new demands on Swedish (and Western) care- and health care systems to adapt to the increasing number of multilingual, older people, who will become residents in care facilities and attend day centers within the coming years.
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| 18. |
- Plejert, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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'There is a letter called ef': on challanges and repair in interpreter-mediated tests of cognitive functioning in dementia.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 30:2, s. 163-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the Scandinavian countries Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland, the number of first generation migrants reaching an old age, who will be in need of age-related health-care, is rapidly increasing. This situation poses new demands on health-care facilities, such as memory clinics, where patients with memory problems and other dementia symptoms are referred for examination and evaluation. Very many elderly people with a foreign background require the assistance of an interpreter in their encounter with health-care facilities. The use of, and work by an interpreter is crucial in facilitating a smooth assessment. However, interpreters, clinicians, as well as patients and their companions, may be faced with many challenges during the evaluation procedure. The aim of this case-study is to highlight some of the challenges that occur in relation to a specific activity within the dementia evaluation, namely the test of cognitive functioning. Special attention will be paid to the phenomenon 'repair', i.e., participants' joint attempts to solve upcoming difficulties during the course of interaction. Results show that sources of trouble may be related to the lack of cultural, linguistic, and educational adaptation of the test to the patient, and to interpreter and clinician practises. Findings will be discussed in terms of test-validity, clinician and interpreter training, and the institutional goals and constraints of the dementia evaluation. The methodology Conversation Analysis has been used to conduct a highly detailed analysis of participants' practices and actions during the administration of the test.
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| 19. |
- Sternäng, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Different Context but Similar Cognitive Structures : Older Adults in Rural Bangladesh
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 31:2, s. 143-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most research in cognitive aging is based on literate participants from high-income and Western populations. The extent to which findings generalize to low-income and illiterate populations is unknown. The main aim was to examine the structure of between-person differences in cognitive functions among elderly from rural Bangladesh. We used data from the Poverty and Health in Aging (PHA) project in Bangladesh. The participants (n=452) were in the age range 60-92 years. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the fit of a five-factor model (episodic recall, episodic recognition, verbal fluency, semantic knowledge, processing speed) and to examine whether the model generalized across age, sex, and literacy. This study demonstrates that an established model of cognition is valid also among older persons from rural Bangladesh. The model demonstrated strong (or scalar) invariance for age, and partial strong invariance for sex and literacy. Semantic knowledge and processing speed showed weak (or metric) sex invariance, and semantic knowledge demonstrated also sensitivity to illiteracy. In general, women performed poorer on all abilities. The structure of individual cognitive differences established in Western populations also fits a population in rural Bangladesh well. This is an important prerequisite for comparisons of cognitive functioning (e.g., declarative memory) across cultures. It is also worth noting that absolute sex differences in cognitive performance among rural elderly in Bangladesh differ from those usually found in Western samples.
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| 20. |
- Söderman, Mirkka, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Caring and Uncaring Encounters between Assistant Nurses and Immigrants with Dementia Symptoms in Two Group Homes in Sweden : an Observational Study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 33:3, s. 299-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The total number of people with dementia symptoms is expected to double every 20years and there will also be an increase in the number of older immigrants in several countries. There are considerable deficiencies in the present knowledge of how to conduct well-functioning health care for immigrants with dementia symptoms. The aim of this study was to explore caring and uncaring encounters between assistant nurses and immigrants in two group homes for persons with dementia symptoms in Sweden: a Finnish-speaking as well as a Swedish-speaking context. In addition, this study aims to describe how caring and uncaring encounters are manifested in these two contexts according to Halldorsdottir's theory of Caring and Uncaring encounters. Method: Descriptive field notes from 30 separate observations were analyzed using qualitative deductive content analysis. Results: The main category caring encounters focused on reaching out to initiate connection through communication, removing masks of anonymity by acknowledging the unique person, acknowledgment of connection by being personal. Reaching a level of truthfulness by being present and showing respect, raising the level of solidarity by equality and true negotiation of care, based on the residents' needs. The main category, uncaring encounters, focused on disinterest in and insensitivity towards the other, coldness in the connection and lack of humanity in care situations. The observations showed that caring encounters occurred more in the Finnish-speaking context and uncaring encounters more often in the Swedish context. Conclusion: Encounters could be caring, uncaring, and carried out using a person-centered approach. Communication and relationships could be facilitated using the same language but also through learning to interpret residents' needs and desires.
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| 21. |
- Söderman, Mirkka, et al.
(författare)
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Caring for Ethnic Older People Living with Dementia – Experiences of Nursing Staff
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 31:3, s. 311-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The total number of persons living with dementia is estimated to double every 20 years and ageing migrant populations are growing in several countries. There are gaps in the health and social care of people from other countries, regardless of the efforts made when someone has a dementia diagnosis; similarly, receiving care in sheltered accommodation is less common. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the nursing staff's experiences of caring for non-Swedish speaking persons living with dementia in a Finnish speaking group home in relation to a Swedish speaking group home in Sweden. 27 qualitative semi-structured interviews were analysed using qualitative content analyses. The first main category, "communication", concentrated on language abilities and deficiencies, non-verbal language, highlighting the consequences of not understanding and the benefits of a common language. The second main category, "culturally oriented activities", focused on being served traditional food, celebrating holidays at the group home, the importance of traditions and the importance of familiar music as cultural elements. The Swedish speaking nursing staff could provide qualitative and equitable care, but the challenge was greater for them than for the bilingual nursing staff who spoke the same language as the residents.
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| 22. |
- Söderman, Mirkka, et al.
(författare)
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Caring for the ethnic elders living with dementia – experiences of nursing staff
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 31:3, s. 311-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The total number of persons living with dementia is estimated to double every 20 years and ageing migrant populations are growing in several countries. There are gaps in the health and social care of people from other countries, regardless of the efforts made when someone has a dementia diagnosis; similarly, receiving care in sheltered accommodation is less common. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the nursing staff’s experiences of caring for non-Swedish speaking persons living with dementia in a Finnish speaking group home in relation to a Swedish speaking group home in Sweden. 27 qualitative semi-structured interviews were analysed using qualitative content analyses. The first main category, “communication”, concentrated on language abilities and deficiencies, non-verbal language, highlighting the consequences of not understanding and the benefits of a common language. The second main category, “culturally oriented activities”, focused on being served traditional food, celebrating holidays at the group home, the importance of traditions and the importance of familiar music as cultural elements. The Swedish speaking nursing staff could provide qualitative and equitable care, but the challenge was greater for them than for the bilingual nursing staff who spoke the same language as the residents.
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| 23. |
- Torkpoor, Rozita, et al.
(författare)
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"I Know Hyena. Do you Know Hyena?" Challenges in Interpreter-Mediated Dementia Assessment, Focusing on the Role of the Interpreter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 37:1, s. 45-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dementia assessment requires functional communication and interaction between healthcare professionals and the patient being assessed. These can be affected by the requirement for an interpreter to communicate with the patient. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the interactions between patient, healthcare professionals and interpreter, focusing on the role of the interpreter and the challenges that may arise in interpreter-mediated dementia assessment. The study had an ethnographic design in which the data consisted of audio and video recordings of 19 dementia assessments conducted in the presence of an interpreter. The data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The results showed that the interpreter could affect the patient's performance and results during the dementia assessment. The interpreter could alter the meaning and content of what was communicated, sometimes change information and instructions exchanged between the patient and healthcare professionals, could avoid interpreting everything being said, and occasionally made their own corrections to what was being communicated. This occurred mainly because of the interpreter's lack of linguistic skills and the interpreter failing to adhere to the ethical guidelines governing their profession. These challenges could also occur when the interpreter was not familiar with the context of dementia assessment. Alterations made by the interpreter to what was being communicated could lead to incorrect evaluation of the patient's cognitive abilities and health status. This, in turn, may lead to misjudgment of the patient's remaining resources and symptoms and their required treatment and support.
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| 24. |
- Torres, Sandra, 1968-
(författare)
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Different ways of understanding the construct of successful aging : Iranian immigrants speak about what aging well means to them
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 21:1-2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the variations in themes and notions of successful aging that were found in a project that aimed to shed light on the value orientations that people prefer and the understandings of successful aging that they uphold. The project, which aimed also to study the way in which the process of migration challenges the notions in question, shed light on the various types of logic that Iranian immigrants to Sweden use when trying to make sense of the construct of successful aging. This article departs from these variations and discusses, among other things, the inevitable decay with which the aging process seems to be associated, the different purpose-related ideologies that people use when trying to explain how the decay in question ought to be handled, the way in which time-related ideas influence the manner in which notions of aging well are framed, the manner in which divergent views regarding activity shape the understandings of successful aging that people uphold, and the way in which ideas regarding autonomy and dependence shape the way in which one defines a good old age. The complexity of logic types utilized by the informants suggests that, if researchers are to further their understanding of the meaning of the construct of successful aging, they need to dismantle people's ideas as well as the way in which they use culture when trying to make sense of what aging well entails. The article finishes with a brief discussion regarding the importance of intracultural variation and suggests that researchers need a better understanding of culture's impact on the manner in which the construct in question is understood if they are to develop the successful aging paradigm in a culturally informed manner. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Torres, Sandra
(författare)
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Vignette methodology and culture-relevance : Lessons learned through a project on successful aging with Iranian immigrants to Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 24:1, s. 93-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is a well-known fact that cultural values play an important role in the construction of aging and old-age related understandings. This is why ethnogerontologists have tried to expand the gerontological imagination by arguing that research needs to become more culturally-relevant. Tapping into the values that people uphold and the understandings of aging that are shaped by them is a challenging endeavor. This is especially the case if one does not share the cultural background of the people whose values one is studying. The same holds true when one wants to shed light on understandings that mainstream social gerontology regards as deviations from the norm. It is after all relatively easy to "impose the Western template" under such circumstances. Vignette methodology has been found to be particularly useful when studying value-laden understandings. This is why it is an appropriate method to consider when designing research that aims to avoid the imposition of the Western template. This article focuses on the pros and cons of this methodology while discussing some of the lessons learned from a project that explored how the construct of successful aging is understood by a group of Iranian immigrants to Sweden. It will be argued that vignettes are particularly useful when trying to shed culturally-relevant light on aging and old age-related understandings.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Tsuchiya-Ito, Rumiko, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Challenges in the Home for Ageing Societies : a Comparison of Sweden and Japan
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 34:3, s. 265-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden and Japan are developed welfare countries facing serious societal and public health challenges due to demographic ageing. The objective of the present study was to provide a background to environmental challenges in the home, related to demographic ageing. Specific aims were to compare: 1) demography and household composition 2) physical housing stocks 3) indoor accidents and 4) housing adaptations between the two countries. Descriptive analyses were conducted using secondary data sources. Demographic ageing is projected to accelerate faster in Japan compared to Sweden, with overall lower fertility rates expected in Japan. In 2050, 39% of the Japanese population is projected to be aged 65 years or older, compared to 23% of the Swedish population. The Swedish ordinary housing stock was markedly older than the Japanese housing stock, with almost 80% of the dwellings built before 1980, while in Japan about 65% were built after 1980. High occurrences of fatal indoor accidents were noted in both countries, but for different reasons. In Sweden, falls was the dominant cause of fatal accidents among older people, while in Japan, in addition to falls, drowning and suffocation caused most of the fatal accidents. Housing adaptations were less frequent in Japan compared to Sweden, and the procedure for evaluating, granting and carrying out housing adaptations appeared to be more complicated in Japan. To decrease the occurrence of indoor accidents, identifying and removing “risk barriers” could be instrumental. In both countries, large-scale efforts are imperative to improve the housing situation for the ageing population.
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| 29. |
- Wahlin, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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The International Network on Public Health and Aging (INOPA) : Introducing a Life Course Perspective to the Public Health Agenda
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 23:1, s. 97-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we present an international network of researchers from projects examining the human aging process and its consequences. It is both vital and urgent to include aging and a life course perspective on the public health agenda, particularly in low-income countries. By announcing the network in a publication, we wish not just to position the network but, more importantly, to attract the attention of other potential collaborators either at the project, institutional, decision making, or applied level.
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| 30. |
- Wilinska, Monika, et al.
(författare)
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In Search of the Everyday Life of Older People in Japan : Reflections based on Scholarly Literature
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 28:4, s. 435-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main objective of this paper is to critically examine discourses about old age in Japan, a country with perspectives that are culturally different from the European and American perspectives that tend to dominate the scholarly discourse on ageing. We focus our inquiry on the scientific discourse as representative of a system of knowledge that has a crucial role in determining ways of thinking and perceiving old age. Our literature review is based on a study of academic articles, within the field of gerontology, about the everyday life of older people in Japan that were published in the 10-year period between 1999 and 2009. We apply a Foucauldian gerontology perspective as our analytical tool. The results of our study indicate that there is insufficient knowledge about the everyday life of older people in Japan in gerontological research. We identify a number of discursive practices applied in various research projects that present a one-sided story of old age in Japan. In theconclusion of this paper, we identify a need for interdisciplinary and qualitative studies of old age in Japan that would include voices of older people
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| 31. |
- Zambianchi, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes Towards and Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) Among Older Adults in Italy and Sweden : The Influence of Cultural Context, Socio-Demographic Factors, and Time Perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - : Springer. - 0169-3816 .- 1573-0719. ; 34:3, s. 291-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined determinants of attitudes towards and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in older adults, including variations in cultural context, socio-demographic factors (age, education, and gender) and the individual's time perspective. Towards this end, 638 older adults in Italy (n = 262, M = 71.7 years) and Sweden (n = 376, M = 69.9 years) completed the Swedish Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), the Attitude toward Technologies Questionnaire (ATTQ), and questions regarding use of specific digital technologies (e.g. Internet, Skype, Facebook); data were collected in 2013-2014. The results showed more positive attitudes toward ICTs in Swedish compared with Italian elderly as well as more frequent use of technologies. Regardless of nationality, younger age and higher levels of educational attainment was positively associated with attitudes towards ICTs. Male gender was associated with higher ATTQ scores in the Italian, but not in the Swedish, sample. Time perspective accounted for significant variance beyond the foregoing variables. S-ZTPI Past Negative, Future Negative and Present Fatalistic in particular, were (negatively) related to ATTQ scores, with a similar pattern for ICT use. Future Positive and Present Hedonistic were positively associated with ATTQ scores, across the samples. In conclusion, between-person differences in time perspective organization are an important factor to account for variability in attitudes towards and use of ICTs in old age, and appears to exert an influence over and beyond other significant predictors, such as cultural context, age/cohort membership, and educational level.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Nordeström, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the University of Jyvaskyla Active Aging Scale (UJACAS) for Use in Sweden
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Ingår i: Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. - 0169-3816.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives were to translate the University of Jyvaskyla Active Aging Scale (UJACAS) to Swedish, to establish semantic equivalence and evaluate psychometric properties for use among persons 55 years and older in Sweden. The UJACAS contains 17 items to be self-assessed regarding goals, abilities, opportunity, and activity. Psychometric properties content validity, data quality including floor and ceiling effects, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity were evaluated with different samples in three phases, using state-of-the-art statistics. After translating and establishing semantic equivalence, content validity was assessed as high. With ICC=0.88 (95% CI 0.80–0.93) test-retest reliability was moderate. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach alpha=0.84–0.91), and 84% of the questions reached the cut-off value of 0.3 for corrected item-total correlation. Construct validity hypotheses were confirmed. Results indicate that the UJACAS is reliable and valid for use among persons 55 and older in Sweden.
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| 35. |
- Torres, Sandra
(författare)
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A preliminary empirical test of a culturally-relevant theoretical framework for the study of successful aging
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of cross-cultural gerontology. - 0169-3816. ; 18, s. 79-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article aims to shed preliminary empirical light on the assumptions underpinning a culturally relevant theoretical framework for the study of successful aging. On the basis of the Kluckhohnian theory of cultural variation, this framework suggests that congruence exists between value orientations concerned with man-nature, time, activity, and relationships, and the manner in which the construct of successful aging is understood. Methodologically speaking, the research project upon which this article is based started out by adapting and further developing the vignette-based instrument that Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck designed to test the theory of cultural variation. Vignette-based interviews were then conducted with 30 Iranian immigrants to Sweden as a preliminary test of the hypothesis of congruence. The results presented in this article suggest that, as posed in the framework in question, there is a relationship between the value orientations that people prefer and the various understandings of successful aging that they uphold. The results suggest also that there is a variety of ways in which the construct of successful aging can be understood, and that variety encompasses other ways of thinking about successful aging besides the master nature, future, productivity, and individuality-oriented views that characterize the gerontological debate. Although further research is necessary, these preliminary results do infer that this framework might offer a theoretically interesting approach to the study of individual, generational, and cross-cultural understandings of successful aging
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| 36. |
- Zhu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Apolipoprotein M Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Inflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0360-3997 .- 1573-2576. ; 41:2, s. 643-653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: It had been demonstrated that apolipoprotein M (apoM) is an important carrier of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in blood, and the S1P has critical roles in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). In the present study, we investigated whether apoM has beneficial effects in a mouse model after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Forty-eight mice were divided into two groups: male C57BL/6 wild-type (apoM+/+) group (n = 24) and apoM gene-deficient (apoM−/−) group (n = 24) and then randomly subdivided into four subgroups (n = 6 each) according to different intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection: control group, W146 group, LPS group, and LPS + W146 group. Serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and mRNA levels of IL-1β, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), lung histology, wet/dry weight ratio, and immunohistochemistry were measured at 3 h after the baseline and compared in each group. Our results clearly demonstrated that IL-1β mRNA levels and other inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in the lungs of LPS-induced ALI apoM−/− mice compared to those of the apoM+/+ mice. Moreover, when apoM+/+ mice were treated with W146, a S1P receptor (S1PR1) antagonist, these inflammatory biomarkers could be significantly upregulated by LPS-induced ALI. Therefore, it suggests that apoM-S1P-S1PR1 signaling might underlie the pathogenesis of ALI and apoM could have physiological benefits to alleviate LPS-induced ALI.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Fuchs, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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A note on permutation twist defects in topological bilayer phases
- 2014
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Ingår i: Letters in Mathematical Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0377-9017 .- 1573-0530. ; 104:1, s. 1385-1405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a mathematical derivation of some of the most important physical quantities arising in topological bilayer systems with permutation twist defects as introduced by Barkeshli et al. in cond-mat/1208.4834. A crucial tool is the theory of permutation equivariant modular functors developed by Barmeier et al. in math.CT/0812.0986 and math.QA/1004.1825.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Witzell, Johanna
(författare)
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Antagonistic activity of fungal endophyte filtrates against Gremmeniella abietina infections on Aleppo pine seedlings
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Plant Pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-1873 .- 1573-8469. ; 143, s. 691-704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological control agents (BCAs), and among them some species of fungal endophytes, are potential substitutes for chemical pesticides in the control of plant diseases due to their non-toxicity to human beings and their surrounding environment. One mode of action of fungal BCAs is through their bioactive, extracellular products, which can inhibit the growth of pathogens. In this study, the effect of fungal filtrates from four endophyte isolates (Trichoderma viride, Aureobasidium pullulans, Aureobasidium sp. and the unknown endophyte 20.1) on the advance of the pathogen Gremmeniella abietina on 2-year Pinus halepensis seedlings was evaluated. Both preventive and therapeutic treatments of the filtrates were studied by applying the filtrates either before or after the pathogen inoculation, respectively. Since G. abietina is a necrotrophic fungus, the length of the necrosis produced by the pathogen was used as response variable in our experiment. In order to explore the chemical composition of the fungal filtrates, a simple HPLC screening of UV-absorbing components was conducted. The results of the study showed that all fungal filtrates were able to reduce the advance of G. abietina when compared to the control seedlings, regardless of the time of inoculation and the treatment. Low-molecular weight phenolic compounds could be detected in some but not all filtrates, warranting further studies on the possible role of these compounds in fungal filtrates.
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| 41. |
- Nagahage, Isura Sumeda Priyadarshana, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of the applicability of a low-cost sensor–based methane monitoring system for continuous multi-channel sampling
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : Springer. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 193:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systems that are made of several low-cost gas sensors with automatic gas sampling may have the potential to serve as reliable fast methane analyzers. However, there is a lack of reports about such types of systems evaluated under field conditions. Here, we developed a continuous methane monitoring system with automated gas sampling unit using low-cost gas sensors, TGS 2611 and MQ-4, that use a simple cloud-based data acquisition platform. We verified the consistency, repeatability, and reproducibility of the data obtained by TGS 2611 and MQ-4 low-cost gas sensors by measuring high- and low-concentration methane samples. The normalized root-mean-square errors (NRMSEs) of the samples with high methane concentrations, [CH4] of 3, 4, 6, and 7%, were 0.0788, 0.0696, 0.1198, and 0.0719 for the TGS 2611 sensor, respectively, and were confirmed using a gas chromatograph as a reference analyzer. The NRMSEs of the samples with low [CH4] of 0.096, 0.145, 0.193, and 0.241% measured by the TGS 2611 sensor were 0.0641, 0.1749, 0.0157, and 0.1613, whereas those NRMSEs of the same concentrations measured by the MQ-4 sensor were 0.3143, 0.5766, 0.6301, and 0.6859, respectively. Laboratory-scale anaerobic digesters were tested using the developed system. The anaerobic digesters were continuously operated for 2 months, demonstrating the potential use of sensors for detecting and monitoring methane in the field level application. This study utilized a unique way to combine the advantages of low-cost sensors and develop a reliable monitoring system by minimizing drawbacks of low-cost sensors.
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