| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Chapman, T, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexual conflict
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 18, s. 41-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 5. |
- GIBSON, RM, et al.
(författare)
-
COPYING AND SEXUAL SELECTION
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 7:7, s. 229-232
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 6. |
- Hoffmann, AA, et al.
(författare)
-
Heritable variation and evolution under favourable and unfavourable conditions
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 14:3, s. 96-101
-
Recension (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variability in quantitative traits can change as a direct response to the environmental conditions in which they are expressed. Consequently, similar selection in different environments might not be equally effective in leading to adaptation. Several hypotheses, including recent ones that focus on the historical impact of selection on populations, predict that the expression of genetic variation will increase in unfavourable conditions. However, other hypotheses lead to the opposite prediction. Although a consensus is unlikely, recent Drosophila and bird studies suggest consistent trends for morphological traits under particular conditions.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Sih, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
-
New insights on how temporal variation in predation risk shapes prey behavior
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - 0169-5347. ; 15, s. 3-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fact that predators come and go, so that individual prey experience temporal variations in predation risk, is an almost unavoidable aspect of nature. Predation risk routinely varies seasonally1, across lunar cycles2 and diurnal cycles3, or on a moment-to-moment basis4. In spite of its near ubiquity in nature, until recently no theory has focused explicitly on the effects of temporal variation in risk on prey behavior. That is, existing theory has generally taken a static view – contrasting antipredator effort for prey facing constant high versus constant low predation risk. Now, however, a new model by Steven Lima and Peter Bednekoff5 has extended the ‘Risk Spreading Theorem’6, to show that the pattern of temporal variation in predation risk experienced by individual prey can be crucial for understanding patterns of antipredator effort. Their model has produced insights that are important for empiricists because, to date, experiments have not addressed these temporal effects, and because, perhaps more importantly, the model suggests that standard laboratory protocols might err systematically in estimating the importance of predation risk in nature.
|
|
| 10. |
- Vincent, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
-
Pipefishes and seahorses : are they all sex-role reversed?
- 1992
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 7:7, s. 237-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The male pregnancy of pipefishes and seahorses has led to the inference that females compete most intensely for access to mates, because males limit female reproduction. However, recent work has shown that in different species either sex may be the predominant competitor for mates. In this family, there is an apparent association between the mating pattern and the sex roles: polygamous species show reversed sex roles whereas monogamous species exhibit 'conventional' sex roles. These studies emphasize that sex role reversal is not synonymous with male parental care.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Bommarco, Riccardo
(författare)
-
Ecological Intensification: Bridging the Gap between Science and Practice
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 34, s. 154-166
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is worldwide concern about the environmental costs of conventional intensification of agriculture. Growing evidence suggests that ecological intensification of mainstream farming can safeguard food production, with accompanying environmental benefits; however, the approach is rarely adopted by farmers. Our review of the evidence for replacing external inputs with ecosystem services shows that scientists tend to focus on processes (e.g., pollination) rather than outcomes (e.g., profits), and express benefits at spatio-temporal scales that are not always relevant to farmers. This results in mismatches in perceived benefits of ecological intensification between scientists and farmers, which hinders its uptake. We provide recommendations for overcoming these mismatches and highlight important additional factors driving uptake of nature based management practices, such as social acceptability of farming.
|
|
| 13. |
- Abbott, Jessica K., et al.
(författare)
-
Obtaining snapshots of genetic variation using hemiclonal analysis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 26:7, s. 359-368
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hemiclones are naturally occurring or artificially produced individuals that share a single specific genetic haplotype. Natural hemiclones are produced via hybridization between two closely related species, whereas hemiclonal analysis in Drosophila is carried out in the laboratory via crosses with artificially created 'clone-generator' females with a specific genetic make-up. Hemiclonal analysis in Drosophila has been applied successfully to date to obtain measures of standing genetic variation for numerous traits. Here, we review the current hemiclonal literature and suggest future directions for hemiclonal research, including its application in molecular and genomic studies, and the adaptation of natural hemiclonal systems to carry out Drosophila-type studies of standing genetic variation.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Ah-King, Malin, 1973-
(författare)
-
On anisogamy and the evolution of 'sex-roles'
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 28:1, s. 1-2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 16. |
- Aleklett Kadish, Kristin
(författare)
-
Fungal behaviour: a new frontier in behavioural ecology
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 36, s. 787-796
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As human beings, behaviours make up our everyday lives. What we do from the moment we wake up to the moment we go back to sleep at night can all be classified and studied through the concepts of behavioural ecology. The same applies to all vertebrates and, to some extent, invertebrates. Fungi are, in most people's eyes perhaps, the eukaryotic multicellular organisms with which we humans share the least commonalities. However, they still express behaviours, and we argue that we could obtain a better understanding of their lives - although they are very different from ours - through the lens of behavioural ecology. Moreover, insights from fungal behaviour may drive a better understanding of behavioural ecology in general.
|
|
| 17. |
- Allendorf, Fred W, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic effects of harvest on wild animal populations.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Trends Ecol Evol. - 0169-5347. ; 23:6, s. 327-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human harvest of animals in the wild occurs in terrestrial and aquatic habitats throughout the world and is often intense. Harvest has the potential to cause three types of genetic change: alteration of population subdivision, loss of genetic variation, and selective genetic changes. To sustain the productivity of harvested populations, it is crucial to incorporate genetic considerations into management. Nevertheless, it is not necessary to disentangle genetic and environmental causes of phenotypic changes to develop management plans for individual species. We recommend recognizing that some genetic change due to harvest is inevitable. Management plans should be developed by applying basic genetic principles combined with molecular genetic monitoring to minimize harmful genetic change.
|
|
| 18. |
- Andersson, Malte, 1941, et al.
(författare)
-
Sexual selection and mate choice
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347. ; 21:6, s. 296-302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The past two decades have seen extensive growth of sexual selection research. Theoretical and empirical work has clarified many components of pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection, such as aggressive competition, mate choice, sperm utilization and sexual conflict. Genetic mechanisms of mate choice evolution have been less amenable to empirical testing, but molecular genetic analyses can now be used for incisive experimentation. Here, we highlight some of the currently debated areas in pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection. We identify where new techniques can help estimate the relative roles of the various selection mechanisms that might work together in the evolution of mating preferences and attractive traits, and in spermegg interactions.
|
|
| 19. |
- Arnqvist, Göran
(författare)
-
Editorial rejects? : Novelty, schnovelty!
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 28:8, s. 448-449
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Because many journals are currently increasing the rate of pre-peer-review editorial rejects, the editorial criteria upon which such decisions are based are very important. Here, I spotlight 'novelty' as a criterion and argue that it is a very problematic decisive factor at this stage of the editorial process.
|
|
| 20. |
- Arnqvist, Göran, Professor, 1961-
(författare)
-
Mixed Models Offer No Freedom from Degress Of Freedom
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 35:4, s. 329-335
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Statistics matter greatly in biology, whether we like it or not. As a discipline with an empirical inclination, we are faced with data every day and we rely on inferential statistical models to make sense of it and to provide us with novel insights. Much of the time, the growing level of complexity and sophistication of the models we put to use in ecology and evolution have led to more appropriate analyses of our data. However, this is not always the case. Here, I draw attention to a classic flaw in inferential statistics that has resurfaced in a new flavor as a result of increased reliance on complex linear mixed models -the multifaceted and disturbingly persistent problem of pseudoreplication.
|
|
| 21. |
- Balint, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental DNA time series in ecology
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - London : Elsevier. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 33:12, s. 945-957
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecological communities change in time and space, but long-term dynamics at the century-to-millennia scale are poorly documented due to lack of relevant data sets. Nevertheless, understanding long-term dynamics is important for explaining present-day biodiversity patterns and placing conservation goals in a historical context. Here, we use recent examples and new perspectives to highlight how environmental DNA (eDNA) is starting to provide a powerful new source of temporal data for research questions that have so far been overlooked, by helping to resolve the ecological dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems over hundreds to thousands of years. We give examples of hypotheses that may be addressed by temporal eDNA biodiversity data, discuss possible research directions, and outline related challenges.
|
|
| 22. |
- Berggren, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
-
Approaching Ecological Sustainability in the Emerging Insects-as-Food Industry
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 34, s. 132-138
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emerging insects-as-food industry is increasingly promoted as a sustainable alternative to other animal protein production systems. However, the exact nature of its environmental benefits are uncertain because of the overwhelming lack of knowledge concerning almost every aspect of production: from suitable species, their housing and feed requirements, and potential for accidental release. If ecological sustainability is to be a hallmark of mass insect rearing for consumption, ecologists need to engage in research related to sustainability criteria that are directly linked to key elements of the development of the industry. There is more to this subject than simply comparing feed-conversion ratios (FCRs) of insects to traditional livestock production, and we highlight areas where research needs to be immediately focused.
|
|
| 23. |
- Berglund, Anders
(författare)
-
The ups and downs of parental care
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 28:7, s. 387-388
-
Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 24. |
- Bernatchez, Louis, et al.
(författare)
-
Harnessing the Power of Genomics to Secure the Future of Seafood
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347. ; 32:9, s. 665-680
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Best use of scientific knowledge is required to maintain the fundamental role of seafood in human nutrition. While it is acknowledged that genomic-based methods allow the collection of powerful data, their value to inform fisheries management, aquaculture, and biosecurity applications remains underestimated. We review genomic applications of relevance to the sustainable management of seafood resources, illustrate the benefits of, and identify barriers to their integration. We conclude that the value of genomic information towards securing the future of seafood does not need to be further demonstrated. Instead, we need immediate efforts to remove structural roadblocks and focus on ways that support integration of genomic-informed methods into management and production practices. We propose solutions to pave the way forward. Advancements of genetic technologies now allow the collection of genome-wide data in nonmodel species in a cost-effective manner. These genomic-informed technologies allow addressing a comprehensive spectrum of needs and applications relevant to fisheries, aquaculture, and biosecurity. Genomics tools also improve our understanding of how aquatic organisms adapt and respond to the environment, and improve our ability to monitor environmental variation and exploited species. Genomic approaches are now rapidly replacing traditional genetic markers, but their application in fisheries and aquaculture management has stagnated when compared to agriculture where they have long been used for improved production. There is no reason to further delay the application of genomic tools in fisheries management and aquaculture production.
|
|
| 25. |
- Björklund, Mats
(författare)
-
Lamarck, the Father of Evolutionary Ecology?
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 34:10, s. 874-875
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lamarck realized life had evolved from simple to more complex forms, due to adaptation to a changing environment over time. Though he was wrong in many details, he got the overall picture right. Thus, he can be seen as the first evolutionary ecologist, connecting evolutionary change in organisms to their environment.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Bohan, A, et al.
(författare)
-
Networking our way to better Ecosystem Service provision
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8383 .- 0169-5347. ; 31:2, s. 105-115
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ecosystem services (EcoS) concept is being used increasingly to attach values to natural systems and the multiple benefits they provide to human societies. Ecosystem processes or functions only become EcoS if they are shown to have social and/or economic value. This should assure an explicit connection between the natural and social sciences, but EcoS approaches have been criticized for retaining little natural science. Preserving the natural, ecological science context within EcoS research is challenging because the multiple disciplines involved have very different traditions and vocabularies (common-language challenge) and span many organizational levels and temporal and spatial scales (scale challenge) that define the relevant interacting entities (interaction challenge). We propose a network-based approach to transcend these discipline challenges and place the natural science context at the heart of EcoS research.
|
|
| 28. |
- Bommarco, Riccardo
(författare)
-
Ecological intensification: harnessing ecosystem services for food security
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 28, s. 230-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rising demands for agricultural products will increase pressure to further intensify crop production, while negative environmental impacts have to be minimized. Ecological intensification entails the environmentally friendly replacement of anthropogenic inputs and/or enhancement of crop productivity, by including regulating and supporting ecosystem services management in agricultural practices. Effective ecological intensification requires an understanding of the relations between land use at different scales and the community composition of ecosystem service-providing organisms above and below ground, and the flow, stability, contribution to yield, and management costs of the multiple services delivered by these organisms. Research efforts and investments are particularly needed to reduce existing yield gaps by integrating context-appropriate bundles of ecosystem services into crop production systems.
|
|
| 29. |
- Brand, Jack
(författare)
-
Mitochondrial genetic variation as a potential mediator of intraspecific behavioural diversity
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 39, s. 199-212
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondrial genes play an essential role in energy metabolism. Variation in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence often exists within species, and this variation can have consequences for energy production and organismal life history. Yet, despite potential links between energy metabolism and the expression of animal behaviour, mtDNA variation has been largely neglected to date in studies investigating intraspecific behavioural diversity. We outline how mtDNA variation and interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes may contribute to the expression of individual-to-individual behavioural differences within populations, and why such effects may lead to sex differences in behaviour. We contend that integration of the mitochondrial genome into behavioural ecology research may be key to fully understanding the evolutionary genetics of animal behaviour.
|
|
| 30. |
- Brand, Jack
(författare)
-
Sexual selection and speciation in the Anthropocene
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 39, s. 654-665
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic change threatens global biodiversity by causing severe ecological disturbance and extinction. Here, we consider the effects of anthropogenic change on one process that generates biodiversity. Sexual selection (a potent evolutionary force and driver of speciation) is highly sensitive to the environment and, thus, vulnerable to anthropogenic ecological change. Anthropogenic alterations to sexual display and mate preference can make it harder to distinguish between conspecific and heterospecific mates or can weaken divergence via sexual selection, leading to higher rates of hybridization and biodiversity loss. Occasionally, anthropogenically altered sexual selection can abet diversification, but this appears less likely than biodiversity loss. In our rapidly changing world, a full understanding of sexual selection and speciation requires a global change perspective.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Burki, Fabien, et al.
(författare)
-
The New Tree of Eukaryotes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 35:1, s. 43-55
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For 15 years, the eukaryote Tree of Life (eToL) has been divided into five to eight major groupings, known as 'supergroups'. However, the tree has been profoundly rearranged during this time. The new eToL results from the widespread application of phylogenomics and numerous discoveries of major lineages of eukaryotes, mostly free-living heterotrophic protists. The evidence that supports the tree has transitioned from a synthesis of molecular phylogenetics and biological characters to purely molecular phylogenetics. Most current supergroups lack defining morphological or cell-biological characteristics, making the supergroup label even more arbitrary than before. Going forward, the combination of traditional culturing with maturing culture-free approaches and phylogenomics should accelerate the process of completing and resolving the eToL at its deepest levels.
|
|
| 33. |
- Chaguaceda, Fernando
(författare)
-
The role of vital dietary biomolecules in eco-evo-devo dynamics
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 38, s. 72-84
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physiological dependence of animals on dietary intake of vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids is ubiquitous. Sharp differences in the availability of these vital dietary biomolecules among different resources mean that consumers must adopt a range of strategies to meet their physiological needs. We review the emerging work on omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, focusing predominantly on predator-prey interactions, to illustrate that trade-off between capacities to consume resources rich in vital biomolecules and internal synthesis capacity drives differences in phenotype and fitness of consumers. This can then feedback to impact ecosystem functioning. We outline how focus on vital dietary biomolecules in eco-eco-devo dynamics can improve our understanding of anthropogenic changes across multiple levels of biological organization.
|
|
| 34. |
- Chapin, F. Stuart, III, et al.
(författare)
-
Ecosystem stewardship : sustainability strategies for a rapidly changing planet
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 25:4, s. 241-249
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystem stewardship is an action-oriented framework intended to foster the social ecological sustainability of a rapidly changing planet. Recent developments identify three strategies that make optimal use of current understanding in an environment of inevitable uncertainty and abrupt change: reducing the magnitude of, and exposure and sensitivity to, known stresses; focusing on proactive policies that shape change; and avoiding or escaping unsustainable social ecological traps. As we discuss here, all social ecological systems are vulnerable to recent and projected changes but have sources of adaptive capacity and resilience that can sustain ecosystem services and human well-being through active ecosystem stewardship.
|
|
| 35. |
- Chapron, Guillaume
(författare)
-
A Final Warning to Planet Earth
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 33, s. 651-652
-
Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
- Chapron, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
-
Coexistence with Large Carnivores Informed by Community Ecology
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 31, s. 578-580
-
Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conserving predators on an increasingly crowded planet brings very difficult challenges. Here, we argue that community ecology theory can help conserve these species in human-dominated landscapes. Letting humans and predators share the same landscapes is similar to maintaining a community of predatory species, one of which is humans.
|
|
| 38. |
- Chapron, Guillaume
(författare)
-
Satire for Conservation in the 21st Century
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Trends in ecology & evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 33, s. 478-480
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 39. |
- Chomicki, G., et al.
(författare)
-
The Impact of Mutualisms on Species Richness
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347. ; 34:8, s. 698-711
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutualisms - cooperative interactions among different species - are known to influence global biodiversity. Nevertheless, theoretical and empirical work has led to divergent hypotheses about how mutualisms modulate diversity. We ask here when and how mutualisms influence species richness. Our synthesis suggests that mutualisms can promote or restrict species richness depending on mutualist function, the level of partner dependence, and the specificity of the partnership. These characteristics, which themselves are influenced by environmental and geographic variables, regulate species richness at different scales by modulating speciation, extinction, and community coexistence. Understanding the relative impact of these mechanisms on species richness will require the integration of new phylogenetic comparative models as well as the manipulation and monitoring of experimental communities and their resulting interaction networks.
|
|
| 40. |
|
|
| 41. |
- Cumming, Graeme S., et al.
(författare)
-
Unifying Research on Social-Ecological Resilience and Collapse
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 32:9, s. 695-713
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecosystems influence human societies, leading people to manage ecosystems for human benefit. Poor environmental management can lead to reduced ecological resilience and social-ecological collapse. We review research on resilience and collapse across different systems and propose a unifying social-ecological framework based on (i) a clear definition of system identity; (ii) the use of quantitative thresholds to define collapse; (iii) relating collapse processes to system structure; and (iv) explicit comparison of alternative hypotheses and models of collapse. Analysis of 17 representative cases identified 14 mechanisms, in five classes, that explain social-ecological collapse. System structure influences the kind of collapse a system may experience. Mechanistic theories of collapse that unite structure and process can make fundamental contributions to solving global environmental problems.
|
|
| 42. |
- Cunillera-Montcusí, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Freshwater salinisation : a research agenda for a saltier world
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 37:5, s. 440-453
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The widespread salinisation of freshwater ecosystems poses a major threat to the biodiversity, functioning, and services that they provide. Human activities promote freshwater salinisation through multiple drivers (e.g., agriculture, resource extraction, urbanisation) that are amplified by climate change. Due to its complexity, we are still far from fully understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of freshwater salinisation. Here, we assess current research gaps and present a research agenda to guide future studies. We identified different gaps in taxonomic groups, levels of biological organisation, and geographic regions. We suggest focusing on global- and landscape-scale processes, functional approaches, genetic and molecular levels, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as key future avenues to predict the consequences of freshwater salinisation for ecosystems and human societies.
|
|
| 43. |
- Dall, SRX, et al.
(författare)
-
Information and its use by animals in evolutionary ecology
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8383 .- 0169-5347. ; 20:4, s. 187-193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information is a crucial currency for animals from both a behavioural and evolutionary perspective. Adaptive behaviour relies upon accurate estimation of relevant ecological parameters; the better informed an individual, the better it can develop and adjust its behaviour to meet the demands of a variable world. Here, we focus on the burgeoning interest in the impact of ecological uncertainty on adaptation, and the means by which it can be reduced by gathering information, from both 'passive' and 'responsive' sources. Our overview demonstrates the value of adopting an explicitly informational approach, and highlights the components that one needs to develop useful approaches to studying information use by animals. We propose a quantitative framework, based on statistical decision theory, for analysing animal information use in evolutionary ecology. Our purpose is to promote an integrative approach to studying information use by animals, which is itself integral to adaptive animal behaviour and organismal biology.
|
|
| 44. |
- Dall, Sasha R. X., et al.
(författare)
-
Genes as cues : phenotypic integration of genetic and epigenetic information from a Darwinian perspective
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 30:6, s. 327-333
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of multicellular organisms involves a delicate interplay between genetic and environmental influences. It is often useful to think of developmental systems as integrating available sources of information about current conditions to produce organisms. Genes and inherited physiology provide cues, as does the state of the environment during development. The integration systems themselves are under genetic control and subject to Darwinian selection, so we expect them to evolve to produce organisms that fit well with current ecological (including social) conditions. We argue for the scientific value of this explicitly informational perspective by providing detailed examples of how it can elucidate taxonomically diverse phenomena. We also present a general framework for linking genetic and phenotypic variation from an informational perspective. This application of Darwinian logic at the organismal level can elucidate genetic influences on phenotypic variation in novel and counterintuitive ways.
|
|
| 45. |
- Daum, Thomas, 1990
(författare)
-
Farm robots: ecological utopia or dystopia?
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347. ; 36:9, s. 774-777
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Farm robots may lead to an ecological utopia where swarms of small robots help in overcoming the yield penalties and labor requirements associated with agroecological farming – or a dystopia with large robots cultivating monocultures. Societal discussions and policy action are needed to harness the potential of robots to serve people and the planet.
|
|
| 46. |
- Dee, Laura E., et al.
(författare)
-
Operationalizing Network Theory for Ecosystem Service Assessments
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 32:2, s. 118-130
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Managing ecosystems to provide ecosystem services in the face of global change is a pressing challenge for policy and science. Predicting how alternative management actions and changing future conditions will alter services is complicated by interactions among components in ecological and socioeconomic systems. Failure to understand those interactions can lead to detrimental outcomes from management decisions. Network theory that integrates ecological and socioeconomic systems may provide a path to meeting this challenge. While network theory offers promising approaches to examine ecosystem services, few studies have identified how to operationalize networks for managing and assessing diverse ecosystem services. We propose a framework for how to use networks to assess how drivers and management actions will directly and indirectly alter ecosystem services.
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
- Dowling, Damian K., et al.
(författare)
-
Evolutionary implications of non-neutral mitochondrial genetic variation
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Cell Press. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 23:10, s. 546-554
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sequence variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was traditionally considered to be selectively neutral. However, an accumulating body of evidence indicates that this assumption is invalid. Furthermore, recent advances indicate that mtDNA polymorphism can be maintained within populations via selection on the joint mitochondrial-nuclear genotype. Here, we review the latest findings that show mitochondrial and cytoplasmic genetic variation for life-history traits and fitness. We highlight the key importance of the mitochondrial-nuclear interaction as a unit of selection and discuss the consequences of mitochondrially encoded fitness effects on several key evolutionary processes. Our goal is to draw attention to the profound, yet neglected, influence of the mitochondrial genome on the fields of ecology and evolution.
|
|
| 49. |
- Ebenman, Bo, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Using community viability analysis to identify fragile systems and keystone species
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 20:10, s. 568-575
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to interdependences among species in ecological communities, the loss of one species can trigger a cascade of secondary extinctions with potentially dramatic effects on the functioning and stability of the community. It is, therefore, important to assess the risk and likely extent of secondary extinctions. Community viability analysis is a new technique that can be used to accomplish this goal. The analysis can also be used to identify fragile community structures and keystone species and, hence, to provide guidelines for conservation priorities. Here, we describe the principles underlying community viability analysis and review its contributions to our understanding of the response of ecological communities to species loss.
|
|
| 50. |
- Eckert, Christopher G., et al.
(författare)
-
Plant mating systems in a changing world
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347. ; In Press, Corrected Proof
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing evidence that human disturbance can negatively impact plant-pollinator interactions such as outcross pollination. We present a meta-analysis of 22 studies involving 27 plant species showing a significant reduction in the proportion of seeds outcrossed in response to anthropogenic habitat modifications. We discuss the evolutionary consequences of disturbance on plant mating systems, and in particular whether reproductive assurance through selfing effectively compensates for reduced outcrossing. The extent to which disturbance reduces pollinator versus mate availability could generate diverse selective forces on reproductive traits. Investigating how anthropogenic change influences plant mating will lead to new opportunities for better understanding of how mating systems evolve, as well as of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of human activities and how to mitigate them.
|
|
