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Sökning: L773:0195 6108 OR L773:1936 959X

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1.
  • Ambarki, Khalid, et al. (författare)
  • Accuracy of Parenchymal Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements Using Pseudocontinuous Arterial Spin-labeling in Healthy Volunteers
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 36:10, s. 1816-1821
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The arterial spin-labeling method for CBF assessment is widely available, but its accuracy is not fully established. We investigated the accuracy of a whole-brain arterial spin-labeling technique for assessing the mean parenchymal CBF and the effect of aging in healthy volunteers. Phase-contrast MR imaging was used as the reference method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two healthy volunteers were included: 49 young (age range, 20-30 years) and 43 elderly (age range, 65-80 years). Arterial spin-labeling parenchymal CBF values were averaged over the whole brain to quantify the mean pCBF(ASL) value. Total. CBF was assessed with phase-contrast MR imaging as the sum of flows in the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, and subsequent division by brain volume returned the pCBF(PCMRI) value. Accuracy was considered as good as that of the reference method if the systematic difference was less than 5 mL/min/100 g of brain tissue and if the 95% confidence intervals were equal to or better than +/- 10 mL/min/100 g. RESULTS: pCBF(ASL) correlated to pCBF(PCMRI) (r = 0.73; P < .001). Significant differences were observed between the pCBF(ASL) and pCBF(PCMRI) values in the young (P = .001) and the elderly (P < .001) volunteers. The systematic differences (mean 2 standard deviations) were -4 +/- 14 mL/min/100 g in the young subjects and 6 +/- 12 mL/min/100 g in the elderly subjects. Young subjects showed higher values than the elderly subjects for pCBF(PCMRI) (young, 57 +/- 8 mL/min/100 g; elderly, 54 +/- 7 mL/min/100 g; P = .05) and pCBF(ASL) (young, 61 +/- 10 mL/min/100 g; elderly, 48 +/- 10 mL/min/100 g; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The limits of agreement were too wide for the arterial spin-labeling method to be considered satisfactorily accurate, whereas the systematic overestimation in the young subjects and underestimation in the elderly subjects were close to acceptable. The age-related decrease in parenchymal CBF was augmented in arterial spin-labeling compared with phase-contrast MR imaging.
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2.
  • Ambarki, Khalid, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of Automatic Measurement of the Intracranial Volume Based on Quantitative MR Imaging
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 33:10, s. 1951-1956
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain size is commonly described in relation to ICV, whereby accurate assessment of this quantity is fundamental. Recently, an optimized MR sequence (QRAPMASTER) was developed for simultaneous quantification of T1, T2, and proton density. ICV can be measured automatically within minutes from QRAPMASTER outputs and a dedicated software, SyMRI. Automatic estimations of ICV were evaluated against the manual segmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 19 healthy subjects, manual segmentation of ICV was performed by 2 neuroradiologists (Obs1, Obs2) by using QBrain software and conventional T2-weighted images. The automatic segmentation from the QRAPMASTER output was performed by using SyMRI. Manual corrections of the automatic segmentation were performed (corrected-automatic) by Obs1 and Obs2, who were blinded from each other. Finally, the repeatability of the automatic method was evaluated in 6 additional healthy subjects, each having 6 repeated QRAPMASTER scans. The time required to measure ICV was recorded. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between reference and automatic (and corrected-automatic) ICV (P greater than .25). The mean difference between the reference and automatic measurement was -4.84 +/- 19.57 mL (or 0.31 +/- 1.35%). Mean differences between the reference and the corrected-automatic measurements were -0.47 +/- 17.95 mL (-0.01 +/- 1.24%) and -1.26 +/- 17.68 mL (-0.06 +/- 1.22%) for Obs1 and Obs2, respectively. The repeatability errors of the automatic and the corrected-automatic method were less than1%. The automatic method required 1 minute 11 seconds (SD = 12 seconds) of processing. Adding manual corrections required another 1 minute 32 seconds (SD = 38 seconds). CONCLUSIONS: Automatic and corrected-automatic quantification of ICV showed good agreement with the reference method. SyMRI software provided a fast and reproducible measure of ICV.
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3.
  • Ambarki, Khalid, et al. (författare)
  • MR imaging of brain volumes : evaluation of a fully automatic software
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 32:2, s. 408-412
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Automatic assessment of brain volumes is needed in researchand clinical practice. Manual tracing is still the criterionstandard but is time-consuming. It is important to validatethe automatic tools to avoid the problems of clinical studiesdrawing conclusions on the basis of brain volumes estimatedwith methodologic errors. The objective of this study was toevaluate a new commercially available fully automatic softwarefor MR imaging of brain volume assessment. Automatic and expertmanual brain volumes were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging (3T, axial T2 and FLAIR) was performed in 41 healthyelderly volunteers (mean age, 70 ± 6 years) and 20 patientswith hydrocephalus (mean age, 73 ± 7 years). The softwareQBrain was used to manually and automatically measure the followingbrain volumes: ICV, BTV, VV, and WMHV. The manual method hasbeen previously validated and was used as the reference. Agreementbetween the manual and automatic methods was evaluated by usinglinear regression and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the automatic andmanual methods regarding all volumes. The mean differences wereICV = 49 ± 93 mL (mean ± 2SD, n = 61), BTV = 11± 70 mL, VV = –6 ± 10 mL, and WMHV = 2.4± 9 mL. The automatic calculations of brain volumes tookapproximately 2 minutes per investigation. CONCLUSIONS: The automatic tool is promising and provides rapid assessmentof brain volumes. However, the software needs improvement beforeit is incorporated into research or daily use. Manual segmentationremains the reference method.
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4.
  • Bajic, Dragan, et al. (författare)
  • Asymmetric Development of the Hippocampal Region Is Common : A Fetal MR Imaging Study
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 33:3, s. 513-518
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hippocampal development is poorly understood. This study evaluated the normal development of the hippocampal region during the fetal period by using MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 63 fetuses without intracranial pathology were reviewed independently by 2 radiologists with no knowledge of the fetal GA. Three MR images were performed postmortem and 60 in vivo. The progress of hippocampal inversion was analyzed in coronal sections, and the left and right sides of the hippocampal region were compared in every case. RESULTS: The fetuses in the postmortem examinations were at GWs 17-18 and in the in vivo examinations, at GWs 19-36. The hippocampal sulcus was open, bi- or unilaterally, in 39 fetuses. The oldest was at GW 32. The sulcus was closed at GW 21 at the earliest, unilaterally. In 26/63 fetuses (41%), the deepening or closure of the hippocampal sulcus or hippocampal inversion was asymmetric; in 23 fetuses, the right side developed faster. A shallow collateral sulcus was found earliest at GW 17. A deep collateral sulcus was visible earliest at GW 26 unilaterally, but in all fetuses from GW 31 onward, it was seen bilaterally. The orientation of the collateral sulcus was not related to the GA. CONCLUSIONS: There are wide individual temporal variations in the development and the inversion process of the hippocampal sulcus as well as in the formation of the collateral sulcus. Asymmetric development is common, and in most of the asymmetric cases, the right hippocampus develops faster.
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5.
  • Barnaure, I., et al. (författare)
  • Clinicoradiologic Correlations of Cerebral Microbleeds in Advanced Age
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 38, s. 39-45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The presence of cerebral microbleeds has been associated with dementia and cognitive decline, although studies report conflicting results. Our aim was to determine the potential role of the presence and location of cerebral microbleeds in early stages of cognitive decline.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Baseline 3T MR imaging examinations including SWI sequences of 328 cognitively intact community-dwelling controls and 72 subjects with mild cognitive impairment were analyzed with respect to the presence and distribution of cerebral microbleeds. A neuropsychological follow-up of controls was performed at 18 months post inclusion and identified cases with subtle cognitive deficits were referred to as controls with a deteriorating condition. Group differences in radiologic parameters were studied by using nonparametric tests, 1-way analysis of variance, and Spearman correlation coefficients.RESULTS: Cerebral microbleed prevalence was similar in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and controls with stable and cognitively deteriorating conditions (25%-31.9%). In all diagnostic groups, lobar cerebral microbleeds were more common. They occurred in 20.1% of all cases compared with 6.5% of cases with deep cerebral microbleeds. None of the investigated variables (age, sex, microbleed number, location and depth, baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score, and the Fazekas score) were significantly associated with cognitive deterioration with the exception of education of >12 years showing a slight but significant protective effect (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22-0.92; P = .028). The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Buschke total score were correlated with neither the total number nor lobar-versus-deep location of cerebral microbleeds.CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral microbleed presence, location, and severity are not related to the early stages of cognitive decline in advanced age.
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6.
  • Blomlie, V., et al. (författare)
  • Manganese Uptake and Accumulation in the Human Brain
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - Oak Brook, IL, United States : American Society of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 41:1, s. E3-E3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • n/a
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7.
  • Blystad, Ida, et al. (författare)
  • Quantitative MRI for Analysis of Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions without Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR). - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 37:1, s. 94-100
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Contrast-enhancing MS lesions are important markers of active inflammation in the diagnostic work-up of MS and in disease monitoring with MR imaging. Because intravenous contrast agents involve an expense and a potential risk of adverse events, it would be desirable to identify active lesions without using a contrast agent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pre-contrast injection tissue-relaxation rates and proton density of MS lesions, by using a new quantitative MR imaging sequence, can identify active lesions.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with a clinical suspicion of MS were studied. MR imaging with a standard clinical MS protocol and a quantitative MR imaging sequence was performed at inclusion (baseline) and after 1 year. ROIs were placed in MS lesions, classified as nonenhancing or enhancing. Longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates, as well as proton density were obtained from the quantitative MR imaging sequence. Statistical analyses of ROI values were performed by using a mixed linear model, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic analysis.RESULTS: Enhancing lesions had a significantly (P < .001) higher mean longitudinal relaxation rate (1.22 ± 0.36 versus 0.89 ± 0.24), a higher mean transverse relaxation rate (9.8 ± 2.6 versus 7.4 ± 1.9), and a lower mean proton density (77 ± 11.2 versus 90 ± 8.4) than nonenhancing lesions. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.832 was obtained.CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhancing MS lesions often have proton density and relaxation times that differ from those in nonenhancing lesions, with lower proton density and shorter relaxation times in enhancing lesions compared with nonenhancing lesions.
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8.
  • Cocozza, S., et al. (författare)
  • Redefining the Pulvinar Sign in Fabry Disease
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 38:12, s. 2264-2269
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The pulvinar sign refers to exclusive T1WI hyperintensity of the lateral pulvinar. Long considered a common sign of Fabry disease, the pulvinar sign has been reported in many pathologic conditions. The exact incidence of the pulvinar sign has never been tested in representative cohorts of patients with Fabry disease. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the pulvinar sign in Fabry disease by analyzing T1WI in a large Fabry disease cohort, determining whether relaxometry changes could be detected in this region independent of the pulvinar sign positivity.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed brain MR imaging of 133 patients with Fabry disease recruited through specialized care clinics. A subgroup of 26 patients underwent a scan including 2 FLASH sequences for relaxometry that were compared with MRI scans of 34 healthy controls.RESULTS:The pulvinar sign was detected in 4 of 133 patients with Fabry disease (3.0%). These 4 subjects were all adult men (4 of 53, 7.5% of the entire male population) with renal failure and under enzyme replacement therapy. When we tested for discrepancies between Fabry disease and healthy controls in quantitative susceptibility mapping and relaxometry maps, no significant difference emerged for any of the tested variables.CONCLUSIONS:The pulvinar sign has a significantly lower incidence in Fabry disease than previously described. This finding, coupled with a lack of significant differences in quantitative MR imaging, allows hypothesizing that selective involvement of the pulvinar is a rare neuroradiologic sign of Fabry disease.
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9.
  • Delgado, A. F., et al. (författare)
  • Arterial Spin-Labeling in Children with Brain Tumor : A Meta-Analysis
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 39:8, s. 1536-1542
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND:The value of arterial spin-labeling in a pediatric population has not been assessed in a meta-analysis. PURPOSE:Our aim was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of arterial spin-labeling-derived cerebral blood flow to discriminate low- and high-grade tumors. DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Library were used. STUDY SELECTION:Pediatric patients with arterial spin-labeling MR imaging with verified neuropathologic diagnoses were included. DATA ANALYSIS:Relative CBF and absolute CBF and tumor grade were extracted, including sequence-specific information. Mean differences in CBF between low- and high-grade tumors were calculated. Study quality was assessed. DATA SYNTHESIS:Data were aggregated using the bivariate summary receiver operating characteristic curve model. Heterogeneity was explored with meta-regression and subgroup analyses. The study protocol was published at PROSPERO (CRD42017075055). Eight studies encompassing 286 pediatric patients were included. The mean differences in absolute CBF were 29.62 mL/min/100 g (95% CI, 10.43-48.82 mL/min/100 g), I-2 = 74, P = .002, and 1.34 mL/min/100 g (95% CI, 0.95-1.74 mL/min/100 g), P < .001, I-2 = 38 for relative CBF. Pooled sensitivity for relative CBF ranged from 0.75 to 0.90, and specificity, from 0.77 to 0.92 with an area under curve = 0.92. Meta-regression showed no moderating effect of sequence parameters TE, TR, acquisition time, or ROI method. LIMITATIONS:Included tumor types, analysis method, and original data varied among included studies. CONCLUSIONS:Arterial spin-labeling-derived CBF measures showed high diagnostic accuracy for discriminating low- and high-grade tumors in pediatric patients with brain tumors. The relative CBF showed less variation among studies than the absolute CBF.
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10.
  • Delgado, Anna F., et al. (författare)
  • Discrimination between Glioma Grades II and III Using Dynamic Susceptibility Perfusion MRI : A Meta-Analysis
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 38:7, s. 1348-1355
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: DSC perfusion has been evaluated in the discrimination between low-grade and high-grade glioma but the diagnostic potential to discriminate beween glioma grades II and III remains unclear.PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of relative maximal CBV from DSC perfusion MR imaging to discriminate glioma grades II and III.DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov.STUDY SELECTION: Eligible studies reported on patients evaluated with relative maximal CBV derived from DSC with a confirmed neuropathologic diagnosis of glioma World Health Organization grades II and III. Studies reporting on mean or individual patient data were considered for inclusion.DATA ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed by using inverse variance with the random-effects model and receiver operating characteristic curves describing optimal cutoffs and areas under the curve. Bivariate diagnostic random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate diagnostic accuracy.DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-eight studies evaluating 727 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. Individual data were available from 10 studies comprising 190 individuals. The mean difference of relative maximal CBV between glioma grades II and III (n = 727) was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.27-2.24; P < .001). Individual patient data (n = 190) had an area under the curve of 0.77 for discriminating glioma grades II and III at an optimal cutoff of 2.02. When we analyzed astrocytomas separately, the area under the curve increased to 0.86 but decreased to 0.61 when we analyzed oligodendrogliomas.LIMITATIONS: A substantial heterogeneity was found among included studies.CONCLUSIONS: Glioma grade III had higher relative maximal CBV compared with glioma grade II. A high diagnostic accuracy was found for all patients and astrocytomas; however, the diagnostic accuracy was substantially reduced when discriminating oligodendroglioma grades II and III.
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11.
  • Dudeck, O., et al. (författare)
  • Embolization of experimental wide-necked aneurysms with iodine-containing polyvinyl alcohol solubilized in a low-angiotoxicity solvent
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 27:9, s. 1849-1855
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the ready-to-use iodine-containing polyvinyl alcohol (I-PVA) dissolved in the low angiotoxic solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) for embolization of porcine wide-necked aneurysms. METHODS: Fourteen broad-based carotid sidewall aneurysms were surgically constructed in 7 swine. I-PVA (40%) in NMP was injected under temporary balloon occlusion bridging the aneurysm neck. After 4 weeks, follow-up angiography, multisection CT angiography (MSCTA), and 3T MR imaging including MR angiography (MRA) sequences were performed. Afterward, harvested aneurysms were investigated histopathologically. RESULTS: The liquid embolic was well visible under fluoroscopy and displayed a favorable precipitation pattern, allowing for controlled polymer delivery. Ten aneurysms (71%) were initially completely occluded, whereas in 1 aneurysm, a minimal polymer leakage was observed. The other 4 aneurysms (29%) were almost completely occluded. One animal suffered a lethal rebleeding from the anastomosis after uneventful embolization. Aneurysms embolized with I-PVA could be discriminated well from the parent artery without beam-hardening artifacts on MSCTA, and no susceptibility artifacts were encountered on MR imaging. Histologic examination revealed all aneurysms covered with a membrane of fibroblasts and an endothelial cell layer while a moderate intraaneurysmal inflammatory response to the polymer was observed. CONCLUSION: I-PVA dissolved in NMP has proved its effectiveness for the embolization of experimental wide-necked aneurysms. This precipitating liquid embolic offers several interesting features in that it needs no preparation before use and no radiopaque admixtures, the latter allowing for artifact-free evaluation of treated aneurysms with MSCTA and MRA. Moreover, it uses NMP as a solvent, which has only a low angiotoxicity.
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12.
  • Fahlström, Markus, et al. (författare)
  • High Intravascular Signal Arterial Transit Time Artifacts Have Negligible Effects on Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrovascular Reserve Capacity Measurement Using Single Postlabel Delay Arterial Spin-Labeling in Patients with Moyamoya Disease
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 41:3, s. 430-436
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Arterial spin-labeling-derived CBF values may be affected by arterial transit time artefacts. Thus, our aim was to assess to what extent arterial spin-labeling–derived CBF and cerebrovascular reserve capacity values in major vascular regions are overestimated due to the arterial transit time artifacts in patients with Moyamoya disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients with Moyamoya disease were included before or after revascularization surgery. CBF maps were acquired using a 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling sequence, before and 5, 15, and 25 minutes after an IV acetazolamide injection and were registered to each patient’s 3D-T1-weighted images. Vascular regions were defined by spatial normalization to a Montreal Neurological Institute–based vascular regional template. The arterial transit time artifacts were defined as voxels with high signal intensity corresponding to the right tail of the histogram for a given vascular region, with the cutoff selected by visual inspection. Arterial transit time artifact maps were created and applied as masks to exclude arterial transit time artifacts on CBF maps, to create corrected CBF maps. The cerebrovascular reserve capacity was calculated as CBF after acetazolamide injection relative to CBF at baseline for corrected and uncorrected CBF values, respectively.RESULTS: A total of 16 examinations were analyzed. Arterial transit time artifacts were present mostly in the MCA, whereas the posterior cerebral artery was generally unaffected. The largest differences between corrected and uncorrected CBF and cerebrovascular reserve capacity values, reported as patient group average ratio and percentage point difference, respectively, were 0.978 (95% CI, 0.968–0.988) and 1.8 percentage points (95% CI, 0.3–3.2 percentage points). Both were found in the left MCA, 15 and 5 minutes post-acetazolamide injection, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Arterial transit time artifacts have negligible overestimation effects on calculated vascular region-based CBF and cerebrovascular reserve capacity values derived from single-delay 3D pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling.
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13.
  • Forslin, Y., et al. (författare)
  • Gadolinium Retention in the Brain: An MRI Relaxometry Study of Linear and Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents in Multiple Sclerosis
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 40:8, s. 1265-1273
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain gadolinium retention is consistently reported for linear gadolinium-based contrast agents, while the results for macrocyclics are contradictory and potential clinical manifestations remain controversial. Furthermore, most previous studies are based on conventional T1-weighted MR imaging. We therefore aimed to quantitatively investigate longitudinal and transversal relaxation in the brain in relation to previous gadolinium-based contrast agent administration and explore associations with disability in multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients with MS and 21 healthy controls underwent longitudinal and transverse relaxation rate (R-1 and R-2) relaxometry. Patients were divided into linear, mixed, and macrocyclic groups based on previous gadolinium-based contrast agent administration. Neuropsychological testing was performed in 53 patients. The dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and thalamus were manually segmented. Repeatability measures were also performed. RESULTS: The relaxometry was robust (2.0% scan-rescan difference) and detected higher R-1 (dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, thalamus) and R-2 (globus pallidus, caudate nucleus) in patients receiving linear gadolinium-based contrast agents compared with controls. The number of linear gadolinium-based contrast agent administrations was associated with higher R-1 and R-2 in all regions (except R-2 in the thalamus). No similar differences and associations were found for the macrocyclic group. Higher relaxation was associated with lower information-processing speed (dentate nucleus, thalamus) and verbal fluency (caudate nucleus, thalamus). No associations were found with physical disability or fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Previous linear, but not macrocyclic, gadolinium-based contrast agent administration is associated with higher relaxation rates in a dose-dependent manner. Higher relaxation in some regions is associated with cognitive impairment but not physical disability or fatigue in MS. The findings should be interpreted with care but encourage studies into gadolinium retention and cognition.
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14.
  • Granberg, T, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical Feasibility of Synthetic MRI in Multiple Sclerosis : A Diagnostic and Volumetric Validation Study.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 37:6, s. 1023-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging techniques are gaining interest as methods of reducing acquisition times while additionally providing robust measurements. This study aimed to implement a synthetic MR imaging method on a new scanner type and to compare its diagnostic accuracy and volumetry with conventional MR imaging in patients with MS and controls.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with MS and 20 healthy controls were enrolled after ethics approval and written informed consent. Synthetic MR imaging was implemented on a Siemens 3T scanner. Comparable conventional and synthetic proton-density-, T1-, and T2-weighted, and FLAIR images were acquired. Diagnostic accuracy, lesion detection, and artifacts were assessed by blinded neuroradiologic evaluation, and contrast-to-noise ratios, by manual tracing. Volumetry was performed with synthetic MR imaging, FreeSurfer, FMRIB Software Library, and Statistical Parametric Mapping. Repeatability was quantified by using the coefficient of variance.RESULTS: Synthetic proton-density-, T1-, and T2-weighted images were of sufficient or good quality and were acquired in 7% less time than with conventional MR imaging. Synthetic FLAIR images were degraded by artifacts. Lesion counts and volumes were higher in synthetic MR imaging due to differences in the contrast of dirty-appearing WM but did not affect the radiologic diagnostic classification or lesion topography (P = .50-.77). Synthetic MR imaging provided segmentations with the shortest processing time (16 seconds) and the lowest repeatability error for brain volume (0.14%), intracranial volume (0.12%), brain parenchymal fraction (0.14%), and GM fraction (0.56%).CONCLUSIONS: Synthetic MR imaging can be an alternative to conventional MR imaging for generating diagnostic proton-density-, T1-, and T2-weighted images in patients with MS and controls while additionally delivering fast and robust volumetric measurements suitable for MS studies.
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15.
  • Gustafsson, M C, et al. (författare)
  • Low Choline Concentrations in Normal-Appearing White Matter of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Normal MR Imaging Brain Scans
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 28:7, s. 1306-1312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spectroscopic studies (1H-MR spectroscopy) of normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with MR imaging brain lesions have already been performed, but our intention was to investigate NAWM in MS patients who lack brain lesions to elucidate whether the same pathologic changes could be identified.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We checked 350 medical files of patients with MS who are registered in our institution. Fourteen patients (11 women and 3 men; mean age, 48.6 years; handicap score, Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] 2.9; range, 1–6.5) with clinically definite MS and a normal MR imaging of the brain were included. 1H-MR spectroscopy was performed in 4 voxels (size approximately 17 × 17 × 17 mm3) using absolute quantification of metabolite concentrations. Fourteen healthy control subjects (11 women and 3 men; mean age, 43.3 years) were analyzed in the same way.RESULTS: Significant differences in absolute metabolite concentrations were observed, with the patients with MS showing a lower total concentration of N-acetyl compounds (tNA), including N-acetylaspartate and N-acetyl aspartylglutamate (13.5 mmol/L versus 14.6 mmol/L; P = .002) compared with the healthy control subjects. Unexpectedly, patients with MS presented significantly lower choline-containing compounds (Cho) compared with healthy control subjects (2.2 mmol/L versus 2.4 mmol/L; P < .001). The EDSS showed a positive correlation to myo-inositol concentrations (0.14 mmol/L per EDSS; r2 = 0.06) and a negative correlation to tNA concentrations (−0.41 mmol/L per EDSS; r2 = 0.22).CONCLUSION: The unexpected finding of lower Cho concentrations has not been reported previously. We suggest that patients with MS who lack lesions in the brain constitute a separate entity and may have increased protective or healing abilities.
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16.
  • Haldorsen, I. S., et al. (författare)
  • Central Nervous System Lymphoma : Characteristic Findings on Traditional and Advanced Imaging
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 32:6, s. 984-992
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • SUMMARY: CNS lymphoma consists of 2 major subtypes: secondary CNS involvement by systemic lymphoma and PCNSL. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging is the method of choice for detecting CNS lymphoma. In leptomeningeal CNS lymphoma, representing two-thirds of secondary CNS lymphomas, imaging typically shows leptomeningeal, subependymal, dural, or cranial nerve enhancement. Single or multiple periventricular and/or superficial contrast-enhancing lesions are characteristic of parenchymal CNS lymphoma, representing one-third of secondary CNS lymphomas and almost 100% of PCNSLs. New CT and MR imaging techniques and metabolic imaging have demonstrated characteristic findings in CNS lymphoma, aiding in its differentiation from other CNS lesions. Advanced imaging techniques may, in the future, substantially improve the diagnostic accuracy of imaging, ultimately facilitating a noninvasive method of diagnosis. Furthermore, these imaging techniques may play a pivotal role in planning targeted therapies, prognostication, and monitoring treatment response.
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17.
  • Haller, Sven, et al. (författare)
  • APOE*E4 Is Associated with Gray Matter Loss in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex in Healthy Elderly Controls Subsequently Developing Subtle Cognitive Decline
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 38:7, s. 1335-1342
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The presence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE*E4) is the strongest currently known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease and is associated with brain gray matter loss, notably in areas involved in Alzheimer disease pathology. Our objective was to assess the effect of APOE*E4 on brain structures in healthy elderly controls who subsequently developed subtle cognitive decline.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 382 community-dwelling elderly controls. At baseline, participants underwent MR imaging at 3T, extensive neuropsychological testing, and genotyping. After neuropsychological follow-up at 18 months, participants were classified into cognitively stable controls and cognitively deteriorating controls. Data analysis included whole-brain voxel-based morphometry and ROI analysis of GM.RESULTS: APOE*E4-related GM loss at baseline was found only in the cognitively deteriorating controls in the posterior cingulate cortex. There was no APOE*E4-related effect in the hippocampus, mesial temporal lobe, or brain areas not involved in Alzheimer disease pathology. Controls in the cognitively deteriorating group had slightly lower GM concentration in the hippocampus at baseline. Higher GM densities in the hippocampus, middle temporal lobe, and amygdala were associated with a decreased risk for cognitively deteriorating group status at follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: APOE*E4-related GM loss in the posterior cingulate cortex (an area involved in Alzheimer disease pathology) was found only in those elderly controls who subsequently developed subtle cognitive decline but not in cognitively stable controls. This finding might explain the partially conflicting results of previous studies that typically did not include detailed neuropsychological assessment and follow-up. Most important, APOE*E4 status had no impact on GM density in areas affected early by neurofibrillary tangle formation such as the hippocampus and mesial temporal lobe.
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18.
  • Haller, Sven, et al. (författare)
  • Imaging of Neurovascular Compression Syndromes : Trigeminal Neuralgia, Hemifacial Spasm, Vestibular Paroxysmia, and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 37:8, s. 1384-1392
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Neurovascular compression syndromes are usually caused by arteries that directly contact the cisternal portion of a cranial nerve. Not all cases of neurovascular contact are clinically symptomatic. The transition zone between the central and peripheral myelin is the most vulnerable region for symptomatic neurovascular compression syndromes. Trigeminal neuralgia (cranial nerve V) has an incidence of 4-20/100,000, a transition zone of 4 mm, with symptomatic neurovascular compression typically proximal. Hemifacial spasm (cranial nerve VII) has an incidence of 1/100,000, a transition zone of 2.5 mm, with symptomatic neurovascular compression typically proximal. Vestibular paroxysmia (cranial nerve VIII) has an unknown incidence, a transition zone of 11 mm, with symptomatic neurovascular compression typically at the internal auditory canal. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (cranial nerve IX) has an incidence of 0.5/100,000, a transition zone of 1.5 mm, with symptomatic neurovascular compression typically proximal. The transition zone overlaps the root entry zone close to the brain stem in cranial nerves V, VII, and IX, yet it is more distal and does not overlap the root entry zone in cranial nerve VIII. Although symptomatic neurovascular compression syndromes may also occur if the neurovascular contact is outside the transition zone, symptomatic neurovascular compression syndromes are more common if the neurovascular contact occurs at the transition zone or central myelin section, in particular when associated with nerve displacement and atrophy.
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19.
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20.
  • Haller, Sven (författare)
  • The Concept of "Number Needed to Image"
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 38:10, s. E79-E80
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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21.
  • Johansson, Elias, et al. (författare)
  • Carotid Near-Occlusion : A Comprehensive Review, Part 1 - Definition, Terminology, and Diagnosis
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 37:1, s. 2-10
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carotid near-occlusion is distal ICA luminal collapse beyond a tight stenosis, where the distal lumen should not be used for calculating percentage stenosis. Near-occlusion with full ICA collapse is well-known, with a threadlike lumen. However, near-occlusion without collapse is often subtle and can be overlooked as a usual severe stenosis. More than 10 different terms have been used to describe near-occlusion, sometimes causing confusion. This systematic review presents what is known about carotid near-occlusion. In this first part, the foci are definition, terminology, and diagnosis.
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22.
  • Johansson, Elias, et al. (författare)
  • Carotid Near-Occlusion : A Comprehensive Review, Part 2 - Prognosis and Treatment, Pathophysiology, Confusions, and Areas for Improvement
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 37:2, s. 200-204
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carotid near-occlusion is distal luminal collapse of the internal carotid artery beyond a tight stenosis. Part 2 of this systematic review focuses on prognosis and treatment and pathophysiology. Areas of confusion regarding terminology, diagnosis, and prognosis are also covered. SUMMARY: In Part 1 of this review, the definition, terminology, and diagnosis of carotid near-occlusion were presented. Carotid near-occlusions (all types) showed a lower risk of stroke than other severe stenoses. However, emerging evidence suggests that the near-occlusion prognosis with full collapse (higher risk) differs from that without full collapse (lower risk). This systematic review presents what is known about carotid near-occlusion. In this second part, the foci are prognosis and treatment, pathophysiology, the current confusion about near-occlusion, and areas in need of future improvement.
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23.
  • Johansson, Elias, et al. (författare)
  • Diagnosing carotid near-occlusion with phase-contrast MRI
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 42:5, s. 927-929
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Carotid near-occlusion is a frequently overlooked diagnosis when CTA examinations are assessed in routine practice. To evaluate the potential value of phase-contrast MR imaging in identifying near-occlusion, we examined 9 carotid near-occlusions and 20 cases of conventional $50% carotid stenosis (mean stenosis degree, 65%) with phase-contrast MR imaging. Mean ICA flow was lower in near-occlusions (52 mL/min) than in conventional $50% stenosis (198 mL/min, P, .001). ICA flow of #110 mL/min was 100% sensitive and specific for near-occlusion. Phase-contrast MR imaging is a promising tool for diagnosing carotid near-occlusion.
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24.
  • Johansson, Elias, et al. (författare)
  • Interaction should guide management decisions
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 39:5, s. E57-E57
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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25.
  • Lennartsson, Finn, et al. (författare)
  • Advanced fiber tracking in early acquired brain injury causing cerebral palsy
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : HighWire Press. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 36:1, s. 181-187
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging and fiber tractography can be used to investigate alterations in white matter tracts in patients with early acquired brain lesions and cerebral palsy. Most existing studies have used diffusion tensor tractography, which is limited in areas of complex fiber structures or pathologic processes. We explored a combined normalization and probabilistic fiber-tracking method for more realistic fiber tractography in this patient group.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 17 children with unilateral cerebral palsy and 24 typically developing controls. DWI data were collected at 1.5T (45 directions, b=1000 s/mm(2)). Regions of interest were defined on a study-specific fractional anisotropy template and mapped onto subjects for fiber tracking. Probabilistic fiber tracking of the corticospinal tract and thalamic projections to the somatosensory cortex was performed by using constrained spherical deconvolution. Tracts were qualitatively assessed, and DTI parameters were extracted close to and distant from lesions and compared between groups.RESULTS: The corticospinal tract and thalamic projections to the somatosensory cortex were realistically reconstructed in both groups. Structural changes to tracts were seen in the cerebral palsy group and included splits, dislocations, compaction of the tracts, or failure to delineate the tract and were associated with underlying pathology seen on conventional MR imaging. Comparisons of DTI parameters indicated primary and secondary neurodegeneration along the corticospinal tract. Corticospinal tract and thalamic projections to the somatosensory cortex showed dissimilarities in both structural changes and DTI parameters.CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed method offers a sensitive means to explore alterations in WM tracts to further understand pathophysiologic changes following early acquired brain injury.
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26.
  • Lindberg, Olof, et al. (författare)
  • Cortical morphometric subclassification of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 30:6, s. 1233-1239
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a primary neurodegenerative disease comprising 3 clinical subtypes: frontotemporal dementia (FTD), semantic dementia (SD), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA). The subdivision is primarily based on the characteristic clinical symptoms displayed by each subtype. We hypothesized that these symptoms would be correlated to characteristic patterns of brain atrophy, which could be indentified and used for subclassification of subjects with FTLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Volumes of 9 cortical regions were manually parcellated and measured on both hemispheres on 27 controls, 12 patients with FTD, 9 patients with PNFA, and 13 patients with SD. The volumetric data were analyzed by traditional t tests and by a multivariate discriminant analysis (partial least squares discriminant analysis). RESULTS: The ensemble or pattern of atrophy was a good discriminator in pair-wise comparison between the subtypes: FTD compared with SD (sensitivity 100% [12/12], specificity 100% [13/13]); FTD compared with PNFA (sensitivity 92% [11/12], specificity 89% [8/9]); and SD compared with PNFA (sensitivity 86% [11/13], specificity 100% [9/9]). Temporal-versus-frontal atrophy was the most important pattern for discriminating SD from the other 2 subtypes. Right-sided versus left-sided atrophy was the most important pattern for discriminating between subjects with FTD and PNFA. CONCLUSIONS: FTLD subtypes generally display a characteristic pattern of atrophy, which may be considered in diagnosing patients with FTLD.
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27.
  • Looi Chee Leong, Jeffrey, et al. (författare)
  • Caudate nucleus volumes in frontotemporal lobar degeneration : differential atrophy in subtypes
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 29:8, s. 1537-1543
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Frontostriatal circuits involving the caudate nucleus have been implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We assessed caudate nucleus volumetrics in FTLD and subtypes: frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 12), semantic dementia (SD, n = 13), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA, n = 9) in comparison with healthy controls (n = 27) and subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD, n = 19). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diagnoses were based on accepted clinical criteria. Manual volume measurement of the head and body of the caudate, excluding the tail, was conducted on T1-weighted brain MR imaging scans, using a published protocol, by a single analyst blinded to the diagnosis. RESULTS: Paired t tests (P < .05) showed that the right caudate nucleus volume was significantly larger than the left in controls and PNFA. No hemispheric asymmetry was found in AD, ETD, and SD. Across the groups, there was a positive partial correlation between the left caudate nucleus volume and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (r = 0.393, n = 76, P = .001) with higher left caudate volumes associated with higher MMSE scores. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to assess the statistical significance between the subject groups (AD, ETD, SD, PNFA, and controls) as independent variables and raw right/left caudate volumes at the within-subject level (covariates: age and intracranial volume; P < .05). Control volume was largest, followed by AD (93% of control volume), SD (92%), PNFA (79%), and ETD (75%). CONCLUSIONS: Volume of the head and body of the caudate nucleus differs in subtypes of FTLD, due to differential frontostriatal dysfunction in subtypes being reflected in structural change in the caudate, and is correlated with cognition
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28.
  • Looi, JC, et al. (författare)
  • Putaminal volume in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and Alzheimer disease: differential volumes in dementia subtypes and controls
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 30:8, s. 1552-1560
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Frontostriatal (including the putamen) circuit-mediated cognitive dysfunction has been implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), but not in Alzheimer disease (AD) or healthy aging. We sought to assess putaminal volume as a measure of the structural basis of relative frontostriatal dysfunction in these groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured putaminal volume in FTLD subtypes: frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 12), semantic dementia (SD, n = 13), and progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA, n = 9) in comparison with healthy controls (n = 25) and patients with AD (n = 18). Diagnoses were based on accepted clinical criteria. We conducted manual volume measurement of the putamen blinded to the diagnosis on T1 brain MR imaging by using a standardized protocol. RESULTS: Paired t tests (P < .05) showed that the left putaminal volume was significantly larger than the right in all groups combined. Multivariate analysis of covariance with a Bonferroni correction was used to assess statistical significance among the subject groups (AD, FTD, SD, PNFA, and controls) as independent variables and right/left putaminal volumes as dependent variables (covariates, age and intracranial volume; P < .05). The right putamen in FTD was significantly smaller than in AD and controls; whereas in SD, it was smaller compared with controls with a trend toward being smaller than in AD. There was also a trend toward the putamen in the PNFA being smaller than that in controls and in patients with AD. Across the groups, there was a positive partial correlation between putaminal volume and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). CONCLUSIONS: Right putaminal volume was significantly smaller in FTD, the FTLD subtype with the greatest expected frontostriatal dysfunction; whereas in SD and PNFA, it showed a trend towards being smaller, consistent with expectation, compared to controls and AD; and in SD, compared with AD and controls. Putaminal volume weakly correlated with MMSE.
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29.
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30.
  • Melberg, Atle, et al. (författare)
  • MR characteristics and neuropathology in adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic symptoms
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 27:4, s. 904-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Three families with adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) presenting autonomic dysfunction as the first symptom are reported. We describe detailed MR appearances of the brain in 2 new families and neuropathology in 2 patients and compare the findings with those in other adult-onset leukodystrophies. METHODS: Twenty subjects (12 women and 8 men; age range, 29-70 years) from 2 unrelated families with ADLD were examined with MR. Six subjects were asymptomatic. Fourteen had autonomic dysfunction. Eleven of them also had pyramidal signs and ataxia. The brains of 2 autopsied patients were examined histopathologically. RESULTS: Two subjects manifested no neurologic symptoms, signs, or MR pathology. Eighteen subjects displayed radiologic abnormalities ranging from subtle T2 high-signal-intensity changes in the upper corticospinal tract to extensive confluent white matter changes, predominantly in a frontoparietal distribution, along the corticospinal tracts down to the medulla oblongata and in the upper and middle cerebellar peduncles. Periventricular white matter was spared or less affected than the adjacent white matter. Histopathology revealed marked loss of cerebral and cerebellar myelin without signs of inflammation. Oligodendrocytes were relatively spared, the number of axons not markedly decreased, and reactive gliosis was modest. The number of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Two families with adult-onset ADLD with the disease entity originally reported by Eldridge et al. (N Engl J Med 1984;311:948-53) were described. We propose naming the disease "adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms." The characteristic radiologic findings, combined with the clinical symptoms and mode of inheritance, enable the diagnosis.
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31.
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32.
  • Pugin, D, et al. (författare)
  • Resting-State Brain Activity for Early Prediction Outcome in Postanoxic Patients in a Coma with Indeterminate Clinical Prognosis.
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR). - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 41:6, s. 1022-1030
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early outcome prediction of postanoxic patients in a coma after cardiac arrest proves challenging. Current prognostication relies on multimodal testing, using clinical examination, electrophysiologic testing, biomarkers, and structural MR imaging. While this multimodal prognostication is accurate for predicting poor outcome (ie, death), it is not sensitive enough to identify good outcome (ie, consciousness recovery), thus leaving many patients with indeterminate prognosis. We specifically assessed whether resting-state fMRI provides prognostic information, notably in postanoxic patients in a coma with indeterminate prognosis early after cardiac arrest, specifically for good outcome.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used resting-state fMRI in a prospective study to compare whole-brain functional connectivity between patients with good and poor outcomes, implementing support vector machine learning. Then, we automatically predicted coma outcome using resting-state fMRI and also compared the prediction based on resting-state fMRI with the outcome prediction based on DWI.RESULTS: Of 17 eligible patients who completed the study procedure (among 351 patients screened), 9 regained consciousness and 8 remained comatose. We found higher functional connectivity in patients recovering consciousness, with greater changes occurring within and between the occipitoparietal and temporofrontal regions. Coma outcome prognostication based on resting-state fMRI machine learning was very accurate, notably for identifying patients with good outcome (accuracy, 94.4%; area under the receiver operating curve, 0.94). Outcome predictors using resting-state fMRI performed significantly better (P < .05) than DWI (accuracy, 60.0%; area under the receiver operating curve, 0.63).CONCLUSIONS: Indeterminate prognosis might lead to major clinical uncertainty and significant variations in life-sustaining treatments. Resting-state fMRI might bridge the gap left in early prognostication of postanoxic patients in a coma by identifying those with both good and poor outcomes.
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33.
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34.
  • Ryska, P., et al. (författare)
  • Variability of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Imaging Biomarkers with Respect to Section Plane Angulation : How Wrong a Radiologist Can Be?
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 42:7, s. 1201-1207
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Systematic analysis of angulation-related variability of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus imaging biomarkers has not been published yet. Our aim was to evaluate the variability of these radiologic biomarkers with respect to imaging plane angulation.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty subjects (35 with clinically confirmed idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and 45 age- and sex-matched healthy controls) were prospectively enrolled in a 3T brain MR imaging study. Two independent readers assessed 12 radiologic idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus biomarkers on sections aligned parallel or perpendicular to the bicallosal, bicommissural, hypophysis-fastigium, and brain stem vertical lines, respectively.RESULTS: Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, simplified callosal angle, frontal horn diameter, z-Evans Index, and cella media vertical width did not show significant systematic differences in any of 6 section plane combinations studied. The remaining 7 biomarkers (including the Evans Index and callosal angle) showed significant differences in up to 4 of 6 mutually compared section plane combinations. The values obtained from sections aligned with the brain stem vertical line (parallel to the posterior brain stem margin) showed the most deviating results from other section angulations.CONCLUSIONS: Seven of 12 idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus biomarkers including the frequently used Evans Index and callosal angle showed statistically significant deviations when measured on sections whose angulations differed or did not comply with the proper section definition published in the original literature. Strict adherence to the methodology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus biomarker assessment is, therefore, essential to avoid an incorrect diagnosis. Increased radiologic and clinical attention should be paid to the biomarkers showing low angulation-related variability yet high specificity for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus-related morphologic changes such as the z-Evans Index, frontal horn diameter, or disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus.
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35.
  • Shams, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • MRI of the swallow tail sign : A useful marker in the diagnosis of lewy body dementia?
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 38:9, s. 1737-1741
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There are, to date, no MR imaging diagnostic markers for Lewy body dementia. Nigrosome 1, containing dopaminergic cells, in the substantia nigra pars compacta is hyperintense on SWI and has been called the swallow tail sign, disappearing with Parkinson disease. We aimed to study the swallow tail sign and its clinical applicability in Lewy body dementia and hypothesized that the sign would be likewise applicable in Lewy body dementia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional multicenter study including 97 patients (mean age, 65 ± 10 years; 46% women), consisting of the following: controls (n = 21) and those with Lewy body dementia (n = 19), Alzheimer disease (n = 20), frontotemporal lobe dementia (n = 20), and mild cognitive impairment (n = 17). All patients underwent brain MR imaging, with susceptibility- weighted imaging at 1.5T (n = 46) and 3T (n = 51). The swallow tail sign was assessed independently by 2 neuroradiologists. RESULTS: Interrater agreement was moderate (- = 0.4) between raters. An abnormal swallow tail sign was most common in Lewy body dementia (63%; 95% CI, 41%-85%; P = .001) and had a predictive value only in Lewy body dementia with an odds ratio of 9 (95% CI, 3-28; P < .001). The consensus rating for Lewy body dementia showed a sensitivity of 63%, a specificity of 79%, a negative predictive value of 89%, and an accuracy of 76%; values were higher on 3T compared with 1.5T. The usefulness of the swallow tail sign was rater-dependent with the highest sensitivity equaling 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The swallow tail sign has diagnostic potential in Lewy body dementia and may be a complement in the diagnostic work-up of this condition.
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36.
  • Shanks, J., et al. (författare)
  • Aqueductal CSF Stroke Volume Is Increased in Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Decreases after Shunt Surgery
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology. - 1936-959X .- 0195-6108. ; 40:3, s. 453-459
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increased CSF stroke volume through the cerebral aqueduct has been proposed as a possible indicator of positive surgical outcome in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus; however, consensus is lacking. In this prospective study, we aimed to compare CSF flow parameters in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with those in healthy controls and change after shunt surgery and to investigate whether any parameter could predict surgical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and 21 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were prospectively included and examined clinically and with MR imaging of the brain. Eighteen patients were treated with shunt implantation and were re-examined clinically and with MR imaging the day before the operation and 3 months postoperatively. All MR imaging scans included a phase-contrast sequence. RESULTS: The median aqueductal CSF stroke volume was significantly larger in patients compared with healthy controls (103.5 μL; interquartile range, 69.8-142.8 μL) compared with 62.5 μL (interquartile range, 58.3-73.8 μL; P < .01) and was significantly reduced 3 months after shunt surgery from 94.8 μL (interquartile range, 81-241 μL) to 88 μL (interquartile range, 51.8-173.3 μL; P < .05). Net flow in the caudocranial direction (retrograde) was present in 11/21 patients and in 10/21 controls. Peak flow and net flow did not differ between patients and controls. There were no correlations between any CSF flow parameters and surgical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueductal CSF stroke volume was increased in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and decreased after shunt surgery, whereas retrograde aqueductal net flow did not seem to be specific for patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. On the basis of the results, the usefulness of CSF flow parameters to predict outcome after shunt surgery seem to be limited.
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37.
  • Shiran, S. I., et al. (författare)
  • MRI-based radiologic scoring system for extent of brain injury in children with hemiplegia
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 35:12, s. 2388-2396
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Brain MR imaging is recommended in children with cerebral palsy. Descriptions of MR imaging findings lack uniformity, due to the absence of a validated quantitative approach. We developed a quantitative scoring method for brain injury based on anatomic MR imaging and examined the reliability and validity in correlation to motor function in children with hemiplegia.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-seven children with hemiplegia underwent MR imaging (T1, T2-weighted sequences, DTI) and motor assessment (Manual Ability Classification System, Gross Motor Functional Classification System, Assisting Hand Assessment, Jebsen Taylor Test of Hand Function, and Children's Hand Experience Questionnaire). A scoring system devised in our center was applied to all scans. Radiologic score covered 4 domains: number of affected lobes, volume and type of white matter injury, extent of gray matter damage, and major white matter tract injury. Inter- and intrarater reliability was evaluated and the relationship between radiologic score and motor assessments determined.RESULTS:Mean total radiologic score was 11.3 ± 4.5 (range 4 -18). Good inter- (p = 0.909, P < .001) and intrarater (p = 0.926, P =<.001) reliability was demonstrated. Radiologic score correlated significantly with manual ability classification systems (p = 0.708, P < .001), and with motor assessments (assisting hand assessment [p = <0.753, P < .001]; Jebsen Taylor test of hand function [p = 0. 766, P < .001]; children's hand experience questionnaire [p=<0. 716, P < .001]), as well as with DTI parameters.CONCLUSIONS:We present a novel MR imaging- based scoring system that demonstrated high inter- and intrarater reliability and significant associations with manual ability classification systems and motor evaluations. This score provides a standardized radiologic assessment of brain injury extent in hemiplegic patients with predominantly unilateral injury, allowing comparison between groups, and providing an additional tool for counseling families.
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38.
  • Sonninen, Pirkko, et al. (författare)
  • Brain involvement in Salla disease
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 20:3, s. 433-43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to document the nature and progression of brain abnormalities in Salla disease, a lysosomal storage disorder, with MR imaging. METHODS: Fifteen patients aged 1 month to 43 years underwent 26 brain MR examinations. In 10 examinations, signal intensity was measured and compared with that of healthy volunteers of comparable ages. RESULTS: MR images of a 1-month-old asymptomatic child showed no pathology. In all other patients, abnormal signal intensity was found: on T2-weighted images, the cerebral white matter had a higher signal intensity than the gray matter, except in the internal capsules. In six patients, the white matter was homogeneous on all images. In four patients, the periventricular white matter showed a somewhat lower signal intensity; in five patients, a higher signal intensity. In the peripheral cerebral white matter, the measured signal intensity remained at a high level throughout life. No abnormalities were seen in the cerebellar white matter. Atrophic changes, if present, were relatively mild but were found even in the cerebellum and brain stem. The corpus callosum was always thin. CONCLUSION: In Salla disease, the cerebral myelination process is defective. In some patients, a centrifugally progressive destructive process is also seen in the cerebral white matter. Better myelination in seen in patients with milder clinical symptoms.
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39.
  • Sundblom, Jimmy, et al. (författare)
  • MR imaging characteristics and neuropathology of the spinal cord in adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic symptoms
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 30:2, s. 328-335
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:MR imaging findings in adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy (ADLD) with autonomic symptoms have been described in the brain, but no descriptions of MR imaging findings in the spinal cord have been published. Here, we describe MR imaging findings in the spinal cord in adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms and histopathologic investigations of the spinal cord.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twelve subjects from 2 families with adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms identified by clinical investigation underwent MR imaging examination of the spinal cord. Sagittal and transverse sections were obtained. MR imaging examination of the brain was performed in 11 patients. One of the patients underwent postmortem examination, and the spinal cord was subjected to histopathologic analysis.RESULTS:In all family members with adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms, even in the asymptomatic person, the spinal cord was thin. All examined family members also had a slight general white matter signal intensity (SI) increase in the whole spinal cord, mainly visible in T2-weighted transverse images. The pathologic examination revealed a discrete demyelination in the spinal cord. Brain MR imaging also showed increased T2 SI in the white matter.CONCLUSIONS:The spinal cord is affected in adult-onset ADLD with autonomic symptoms. Findings consist of atrophy and a diffuse T2 SI increase in the white matter. Transverse images are needed to assess these findings. The typical SI changes of the spinal cord are also present in subjects without clinical symptoms of the disease and with very limited changes in the brain.
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40.
  • Thunell, Evelina, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of COVID-19 on the Human Central Olfactory System : A Natural Pre-Post Experiment
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 43:12, s. 1777-1783
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Reduced olfactory function is the symptom with the highest prevalence in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with nearly 70% of infected individuals experiencing partial or total loss of their sense of smell at some point during the disease. The exact cause is not known, but beyond peripheral damage, studies have demonstrated insults to both the olfactory bulb and central olfactory brain areas. However, these studies often lack both baseline pre-COVID-19 assessments and control groups, and the effects could, therefore, simply reflect pre-existing risk factors.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Shortly before the COVID-19 outbreak, we completed an olfactory-focused study, which included structural MR brain images and a full clinical olfactory test. Opportunistically, we invited participants back 1 year later, including 9 participants who had experienced mild-to-moderate COVID-19 (C19+) and 12 who had not (C19−), creating a natural pre-post experiment with a control group.RESULTS: Despite C19+ participants reporting subjective olfactory dysfunction, few showed signs of objectively altered function. Critically, all except 1 individual in the C19+ group had reduced olfactory bulb volume (average reduction, 14.3%), but this did not amount to a significant statistical difference compared with the control group (2.3%) using inference statistics. We found no morphologic differences in olfactory brain areas but stronger functional connectivity between olfactory brain areas in the C19+ group at the postmeasure.CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that COVID-19 might cause long-term reduction in olfactory bulb volume and altered functional connectivity but with no discernible morphologic differences in cerebral olfactory regions.
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41.
  • van der Thiel, M, et al. (författare)
  • Brain Perfusion Measurements Using Multidelay Arterial Spin-Labeling Are Systematically Biased by the Number of Delays.
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 39:8, s. 1432-1438
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Multidelay arterial spin-labeling is a promising emerging method in clinical practice. The effect of imaging parameters in multidelay arterial spin-labeling on estimated cerebral blood flow measurements remains unknown. We directly compared 3-delay versus 7-delay sequences, assessing the difference in the estimated transit time and blood flow.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 87 cognitively healthy controls (78.7 ± 3.8 years of age; 49 women). We assessed delay and transit time-uncorrected and transit time-corrected CBF maps. Data analysis included voxelwise permutation-based between-sequence comparisons of 3-delay versus 7-delay, within-sequence comparison of transit time-uncorrected versus transit time-corrected maps, and average CBF calculations in regions that have been shown to differ.RESULTS: The 7-delay sequence estimated a higher CBF value than the 3-delay for the transit time-uncorrected and transit time-corrected maps in regions corresponding to the watershed areas (transit time-uncorrected = 27.62 ± 12.23 versus 24.58 ± 11.70 mL/min/100 g, Cohen's d = 0.25; transit time-corrected = 33.48 ± 14.92 versus 30.16 ± 14.32 mL/min/100 g, Cohen's d = 0.23). In the peripheral regions of the brain, the estimated delay was found to be longer for the 3-delay sequence (1.52408 ± 0.25236 seconds versus 1.47755 ± 0.24242 seconds, Cohen's d = 0.19), while the inverse was found in the center of the brain (1.39388 ± 0.22056 seconds versus 1.42565 ± 0.21872 seconds, Cohen's d = 0.14). Moreover, 7-delay had lower hemispheric asymmetry.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the necessity of standardizing acquisition parameters in multidelay arterial spin-labeling and identifying basic parameters as a confounding factor in CBF quantification studies. Our findings conclude that multidelay arterial spin-labeling sequences with a high number of delays estimate higher CBF values than those with a lower number of delays.
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42.
  • Virhammar, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Arterial Spin-Labeling Perfusion MR Imaging Demonstrates Regional CBF Decrease in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 38:11, s. 2081-2088
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Regional cerebral blood flow has previously been studied in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with imaging methods that require an intravenous contrast agent or expose the patient to ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to assess regional CBF in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus compared with healthy controls using the noninvasive quantitative arterial spin-labeling MR imaging technique. A secondary aim was to compare the correlation between symptom severity and CBF.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Differences in regional cerebral perfusion between patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and healthy controls were investigated with pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling perfusion MR imaging. Twenty-one consecutive patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and 21 age- and sex-matched randomly selected healthy controls from the population registry were prospectively included. The controls did not differ from patients with respect to selected vascular risk factors. Twelve different anatomic ROIs were manually drawn on coregistered FLAIR images. The Holm-Bonferroni correction was applied to statistical analyses.RESULTS: In patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, perfusion was reduced in the periventricular white matter (P < .001), lentiform nucleus (P < .001), and thalamus (P < .001) compared with controls. Cognitive function in patients correlated with CBF in the periventricular white matter (r = 0.60, P < .01), cerebellum (r = 0.63, P < .01), and pons (r = 0.71, P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Using pseudocontinuous arterial spin-labeling, we could confirm findings of a reduced perfusion in the periventricular white matter, basal ganglia, and thalamus in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus previously observed with other imaging techniques.
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43.
  • Virhammar, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Preoperative Prognostic Value of MRI Findings in 108 Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 35:12, s. 2311-2318
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:MR imaging is used in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of several imaging features and their prognostic use in the selection of shunt candidates with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Preoperative MR imaging scans of the brain were retrospectively evaluated in 108 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus who had undergone a standardized, clinical evaluation before and 12 months after shunt surgery. The MR imaging features investigated were the Evans index, callosal angle, narrow sulci at the high convexity, dilation of the Sylvian fissure, diameters of the third ventricle and temporal horns, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, flow void through the aqueduct, focal bulging of the roof of the lateral ventricles, deep white matter hyperintensities, periventricular hyperintensities, and focal widening of sulci and aqueductal stenosis.RESULTS:In logistic regression models, with shunt outcome as a dependent variable, the ORs for the independent variables, callosal angle, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, and temporal horns, were significant (P < .05), both in univariate analyses and when adjusted for age, sex, and previous stroke.CONCLUSIONS:A small callosal angle, wide temporal horns, and occurrence of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus are common in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and were significant predictors of a positive shunt outcome. These noninvasive and easily assessed radiologic markers could aid in the selection of candidates for shunt surgery.
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44.
  • Virhammar, Johan, et al. (författare)
  • Quantitative MRI for Rapid and User-Independent Monitoring of Intracranial CSF Volume in Hydrocephalus
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 37:5, s. 797-801
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Quantitative MR imaging allows segmentation of different tissue types and automatic calculation of intracranial volume, CSF volume, and brain parenchymal fraction. Brain parenchymal fraction is calculated as (intracranial volume - CSF volume) / intracranial volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the automatic calculation of intracranial CSF volume or brain parenchymal fraction could be used as an objective method to monitor volume changes in the ventricles.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A lumbar puncture with drainage of 40 mL of CSF was performed in 23 patients under evaluation for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Quantitative MR imaging was performed twice within 1 hour before the lumbar puncture and was repeated 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours afterward. For each time point, the volume of the lateral ventricles was manually segmented and total intracranial CSF volume and brain parenchymal fraction were automatically calculated by using Synthetic MR postprocessing.RESULTS: At 30 minutes after the lumbar puncture, the volume of the lateral ventricles decreased by 5.6 ± 1.9 mL (P < .0001) and the total intracranial CSF volume decreased by 11.3 ± 5.6 mL (P < .001), while brain parenchymal fraction increased by 0.78% ± 0.41% (P < .001). Differences were significant for manual segmentation and brain parenchymal fraction even at 4 hours and 24 hours after the lumbar tap. There was a significant association using a linear mixed model between change in manually segmented ventricular volume and change in brain parenchymal fraction and total CSF volume, (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONS: Brain parenchymal fraction is provided rapidly and fully automatically with Synthetic MRI and can be used to monitor ventricular volume changes. The method may be useful for objective clinical monitoring of hydrocephalus.
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45.
  • Vågberg, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Automated Determination of Brain Parenchymal Fraction in Multiple Sclerosis
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 34:3, s. 498-504
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain atrophy is a manifestation of tissue damage in MS. Reduction in brain parenchymal fraction is an accepted marker of brain atrophy. In this study, the approach of synthetic tissue mapping was applied, in which brain parenchymal fraction was automatically calculated based on absolute quantification of the tissue relaxation rates R1 and R2 and the proton attenuation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The BPF values of 99 patients with MS and 35 control subjects were determined by using SyMap and tested in relationship to clinical variables. A subset of 5 patients with MS and 5 control subjects were also analyzed with a manual segmentation technique as a reference. Reproducibility of SyMap was assessed in a separate group of 6 healthy subjects, each scanned 6 consecutive times. RESULTS: Patients with MS had significantly lower BPF (0.852 0.0041, mean +/- SE) compared with control subjects (0.890 +/- 0.0040). Significant linear relationships between BPF and age, disease duration, and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were observed (P less than .001). A strong correlation existed between SyMap and the reference method (r = 0.96; P less than .001) with no significant difference in mean BPF. Coefficient of variation of repeated SyMap BPF measurements was 0.45%. Scan time was less than6 minutes, and postprocessing time was less than2 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: SyMap is a valid and reproducible method for determining BPF in MS within a clinically acceptable scan time and postprocessing time. Results are highly congruent with those described using other methods and show high agreement with the manual reference method.
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46.
  • Warntjes, Marcel Jan Bertus, et al. (författare)
  • Brain Parcellation Repeatability and Reproducibility Using Conventional and Quantitative 3D MR Imaging
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 44:8, s. 910-915
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Automatic brain parcellation is typically performed on dedicated MR imaging sequences, which require valuable examination time. In this study, a 3D MR imaging quantification sequence to retrieve R-1 and R-2 relaxation rates and proton density maps was used to synthesize a T1-weighted image stack for brain volume measurement, thereby combining image data for multiple purposes. The repeatability and reproducibility of using the conventional and synthetic input data were evaluated.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve subjects with a mean age of 54?years were scanned twice at 1.5T and 3T with 3D-QALAS and a conventionally acquired T1-weighted sequence. Using SyMRI, we converted the R-1, R-2, and proton density maps into synthetic T1-weighted images. Both the conventional T1-weighted and the synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery images were processed for brain parcellation by NeuroQuant. Bland-Altman statistics were used to correlate the volumes of 12 brain structures. The coefficient of variation was used to evaluate the repeatability.RESULTS: A high correlation with medians of 0.97 for 1.5T and 0.92 for 3T was found. A high repeatability was shown with a median coefficient of variation of 1.2% for both T1-weighted and synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery at 1.5T, and 1.5% for T1-weighted imaging and 4.4% for synthetic 3D-T1-weighted inversion recovery at 3T. However, significant biases were observed between the methods and field strengths.CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to perform MR imaging quantification of R-1, R-2, and proton density maps to synthesize a 3D-T1-weighted image stack, which can be used for automatic brain parcellation. Synthetic parameter settings should be reinvestigated to reduce the observed bias.
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47.
  • Warntjes, Marcel Jan Bertus, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of gadolinium contrast agent administration on automatic brain tissue classification of patients with multiple sclerosis
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : American Society of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 35:7, s. 1330-1336
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The administration of gadolinium contrast agent is a common part of MR imaging examinations in patients with MS. The presence of gadolinium may affect the outcome of automated tissue classification. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the presence of gadolinium on the automatic segmentation in patients with MS by using the synthetic tissue-mapping method.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of 20 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis were recruited, and the T1 and T2 relaxation times and proton density were simultaneously quantified before and after the administration of gadolinium. Synthetic tissue-mapping was used to measure white matter, gray matter, CSF, brain parenchymal, and intracranial volumes. For comparison, 20 matched controls were measured twice, without gadolinium.RESULTS: No differences were observed for the control group between the 2 measurements. For the MS group, significant changes were observed pre- and post-gadolinium in intracranial volume (-13 mL, P < .005) and cerebrospinal fluid volume (-16 mL, P < .005) and the remaining, unclassified non-WM/GM/CSF tissue volume within the intracranial volume (+8 mL, P < .05). The changes in the patient group were much smaller than the differences, compared with the controls, which were -129 mL for WM volume, -22 mL for GM volume, +91 mL for CSF volume, 24 mL for the remaining, unclassified non-WM/GM/CSF tissue volume within the intracranial volume, and -126 mL for brain parenchymal volume. No significant differences were observed for linear regression values against age and Expanded Disability Status Scale.CONCLUSIONS: The administration of gadolinium contrast agent had a significant effect on automatic brain-tissue classification in patients with MS by using synthetic tissue-mapping. The observed differences, however, were much smaller than the group differences between MS and controls.
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48.
  • Warntjes, Marcel Jan Bertus, et al. (författare)
  • Improved Precision of Automatic Brain Volume Measurements in Patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis Using Edema Correction
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 39:2, s. 296-302
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The presence of edema will result in increased brain volume, which may obscure progressing brain atrophy. Similarly, treatment-induced edema reduction may appear as accelerated brain tissue loss (pseudoatrophy). The purpose of this study was to correlate brain tissue properties to brain volume, to investigate the possibilities for edema correction and the resulting improvement of the precision of automated brain volume measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 38 patients with clinically isolated syndrome or newly diagnosed MS were imaged at inclusion and after 1, 2, and 4 years using an MR quantification sequence. Brain volume, relaxation rates (R-1 and R-2), and proton density were measured by automated software. RESULTS: The reduction of normalized brain volume with time after inclusion was 0.273%/year. The mean SDs were 0.508%, 0.526%, 0.454%, and 0.687% at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 years. Linear regression of the relative change of normalized brain volume and the relative change of R-1, R-2, and proton density showed slopes of -0.198 (P amp;lt; .001), 0.156 (P = .04), and 0.488 (P amp;lt; .001), respectively. After we applied the measured proton density as a correction factor, the mean SDs decreased to 24.2%, 4.8%, 33.3%, and 17.4%, respectively. The observed atrophy rate reduced from 0.273%/year to 0.238%/year. CONCLUSIONS: Correlations between volume and R-1, R-2, and proton density were observed in the brain, suggesting that a change of brain tissue properties can affect brain volume. Correction using these parameters decreased the variation of brain volume measurements and may have reduced the effect of pseudoatrophy.
  •  
49.
  • Warntjes, Marcel Jan Bertus, et al. (författare)
  • Myelin Detection Using Rapid Quantitative MR Imaging Correlated to Macroscopically Registered Luxol Fast Blue-Stained Brain Specimens
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 38:6, s. 1096-1102
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Myelin detection is of great value in monitoring diseases such as multiple sclerosis and dementia. However, most MR imaging methods to measure myelin are challenging for routine clinical use. Recently, a novel method was published, in which the presence of myelin is inferred by using its effect on the intra- and extracellular water relaxation rates and proton density, observable by rapid quantitative MR imaging. The purpose of this work was to validate this method further on the brains of 12 fresh, intact cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 12 brains were scanned with a quantification sequence to determine the longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates and proton density as input for the myelin estimations. Subsequently, the brains were excised at postmortem examination, and brain slices were stained with Luxol fast blue to verify the presence of myelin. The optical density values of photographs of the stained brain slices were registered with the MR images and correlated with the myelin estimation performed by quantitative MR imaging. RESULTS: A correlation was found between the 2 methods with a mean Spearman for all subjects of 0.74 0.11. Linear regression showed a mean intercept of 1.50% +/- 2.84% and a mean slope of 4.37% +/- 1.73%/%. A lower correlation was found for the separate longitudinal relaxation rates and proton density ( = 0.63 +/- 0.12 and -0.73 +/- 0.09, respectively). For transverse relaxation rates, the was very low (0.11 +/- 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: The observed correlation supports the validity of myelin measurement by using the MR imaging quantification method.
  •  
50.
  • Warntjes, Marcel Jan Bertus, et al. (författare)
  • Synthesizing a Contrast-Enhancement Map in Patients with High-Grade Gliomas Based on a Postcontrast MR Imaging Quantification Only
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - : AMER SOC NEURORADIOLOGY. - 0195-6108 .- 1936-959X. ; 39:12, s. 2194-2199
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Administration of a gadolinium-based contrast agent is an important diagnostic biomarker for blood-brain barrier damage. In clinical use, detection is based on subjective comparison of native and postgadolinium-based contrast agent T1-weighted images. Quantitative MR imaging studies have suggested a relation between the longitudinal relaxation rate and proton-density in the brain parenchyma, which is disturbed by gadolinium-based contrast agents. This discrepancy can be used to synthesize a contrast-enhancement map based solely on the postgadolinium-based contrast agent acquisition. The aim of this study was to compare synthetic enhancement maps with subtraction maps of native and postgadolinium-based contrast agent images.MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 14 patients with high-grade gliomas, quantitative MR imaging was performed before and after gadolinium-based contrast agent administration. The quantification sequence was multidynamic and multiecho, with a scan time of 6 minutes. The 2 image stacks were coregistered using in-plane transformation. The longitudinal relaxation maps were subtracted and correlated with the synthetic longitudinal relaxation enhancement maps on the basis of the postgadolinium-based contrast agent images only. ROIs were drawn for tumor delineation.RESULTS: Linear regression of the subtraction and synthetic longitudinal relaxation enhancement maps showed a slope of 1.02 ± 0.19 and an intercept of 0.05 ± 0.12. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.861 ± 0.059, and the coefficient of variation was 0.18 ± 0.04. On average, a volume of 1.71 ± 1.28 mL of low-intensity enhancement was detected in the synthetic enhancement maps outside the borders of the drawn ROI.CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that there was a good correlation between subtraction longitudinal relaxation enhancement maps and synthetic longitudinal relaxation enhancement maps in patients with high-grade gliomas. The method may improve the sensitivity and objectivity for the detection of gadolinium-based contrast agent enhancement.
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