| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aparicio, Hainner, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnobotanical study of medicinal and edible plants used in Nhamacoa area, Manica province-Mozambique
- 2021
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 139, s. 318-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnobotanical relevanceMiombo woodlands are an important source of food and medicine for rural communities in Mozambique. Despite their importance as a source of livelihood and healthcare, logging for charcoal production and conversion of forest relicts to agricultural land threaten their biodiversity along with the traditional knowledge associated with this vegetation type.Aim of the studyTo document ethnobotanical knowledge and to identify medicinal and economic species that can be used as potential alternative sources of livelihoods for the inhabitants Miombo woodlands in Mozambique.Materials and methodsThis study was carried out in the Nhamacoa area, Macate district of Manica province, Mozambique. Free listing and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect ethnobotanical data. The informants were heads of families randomly selected from the 329 ha of the area of study. Information about medicinal and edible plants, their uses, harvesting practices, management, preparation and possible commercialisation was recorded and voucher specimens were collected. From October 2019 to January 2020, data collection was carried out and later, plant samples were identified. All the collected data was structured in a database and analysed by using the ethnobotanyR package in R.ResultsA total of 106 species from 52 families were reported as medicinal or edible: 55.2% used as food and 43.1% as traditional medicine. It was possible to identify 94 of the voucher specimens collected (90.3% of the botanical collection). Out of 32 uses, 29 were as medicine. The quantitative indices showed different culturally important species and the local markets situation showed the potential for commercialisation. The results of this study indicate that ailments or illnesses in the digestive system, alleviation of wounds and sexual-reproductive system problems are commonly treated with medicinal plants within the area of study.ConclusionsBotanical knowledge, cultural value, utilisation and management practices of 106 plant species were documented. Promoting the planting and commercialisation of some of these species could offer alternative sources of livelihoods or income to the inhabitants of the region, while ensuring exploitation is sustainable. The important role of non-timber forest products and the need to conserve Miombo woodlands relicts for the communities within and around Nhamacoa have been reaffirmed.
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| 3. |
- Bengtson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Three new species of metalasia (asteraceae gnaphalieae) from the western cape and an updated key to the genus
- 2013
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 84, s. 72-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three new species of Metalasia from the Western Cape of South Africa are described; Metalasia tristis A.Bengtson & P.O.Karis, a small shrublet from the Groot Winterhoek Mountains, and Metalasia formosa A.Bengtson & P.O.Karis and Metalasia eburnea A.Bengtson & P.O.Karis both found in the Langeberg Mountains. The morphology and relationships of the three new species are discussed, and an updated key to the genus is provided.
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| 4. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Review on tannins : Extraction processes, applications and possibilities
- 2020
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 135, s. 58-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tannins are found in most of the species throughout the plant kingdom, where their functions are to protect the plant against predation and might help in regulating the plant growth. There are two major groups of tannins, i.e., hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. The tannins are being used as important and effective chemicals for the tanning of animal hides in the leather processing industry since the beginning of the industry. Additionally, the tannins have been using as mineral absorption and protein precipitation purposes since 1960s. These are also used for iron gall ink production, adhesive production in wood-based industry, anti-corrosive chemical production, uranium recovering chemical from seawater, and removal of mercury and methylmercury from solution. Presently, tannins are considering as bioactive compound in nutrition science. It has also been considered for advanced applications, i.e., 3D printing and biomedical devices. The application of tannins as medicine is another new dimension in medical science. This paper outlines the general information about tannins followed by their extraction process. The utilization of tannins has also been presented in a broader scale. Depending on all these information, the article also describes the impending utilization of tannins for ensuring high-sustainability and better environmental performance.
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| 5. |
- Das, Atanu Kumar
(författare)
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Review on tannins: Extraction processes, applications and possibilities
- 2020
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 135, s. 58-70
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tannins are found in most of the species throughout the plant kingdom, where their functions are to protect the plant against predation and might help in regulating the plant growth. There are two major groups of tannins, i.e., hydrolyzable and condensed tannins. The tannins are being used as important and effective chemicals for the tanning of animal hides in the leather processing industry since the beginning of the industry. Additionally, the tannins have been using as mineral absorption and protein precipitation purposes since 1960s. These are also used for iron gall ink production, adhesive production in wood-based industry, anti-corrosive chemical production, uranium recovering chemical from seawater, and removal of mercury and methylmercury from solution. Presently, tannins are considering as bioactive compound in nutrition science. It has also been considered for advanced applications, i.e., 3D printing and biomedical devices. The application of tannins as medicine is another new dimension in medical science. This paper outlines the general information about tannins followed by their extraction process. The utilization of tannins has also been presented in a broader scale. Depending on all these information, the article also describes the impending utilization of tannins for ensuring high-sustainability and better environmental performance. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of SAAB. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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| 6. |
- Dew, L. Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the efficacy of invasive plant control in response to ecological factors
- 2017
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 109, s. 203-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biological invasions have increased dramatically in the past centuries and are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity today. Chromolaena odorata, a herbaceous shrub from the Americas, is one of the most widespread and problematic invasive plant species in the tropics and sub-tropics. The plant is a serious problem in South Africa, where invasive species threaten biodiversity and use up water resources. This study combines data on the distribution of C. odorata with ecological and clearing management data to evaluate the efficacy of an invasive plant clearing program over its decade of operation in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Densities and local extent of the C. odorata invasion were significantly reduced during the period of operations of the clearing program. Seasonal effects impacted clearing efficacy, namely a reduction in efficacy during the seed dispersal period. Clearing success was positively associated with clearing effort and fire frequency and negatively associated with rainfall. Management implications drawn from the results include halting clearing during the seed-drop period, giving extra attention to areas with more rainfall and other water availability, and incorporating fire with other clearing methods where possible.
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| 7. |
- Hilonga, S., et al.
(författare)
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Trade of wild-harvested medicinal plant species in local markets of Tanzania and its implications for conservation
- 2019
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 122, s. 214-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Tanzania, about 10% of the reported 12,000 species of higher plants are estimated to be used as medicine for treating different human health problems. Most of the medicinal plants are collected from wild populations, but their trade and quantities are not properly recorded. Monitoring of trade in wild-harvested medicinal plants is challenging asmostmaterials are traded in various processed forms and most vendors practice informal trade. Yet, monitoring is important for conservation and sustainability. This study aims to assess the trade of wild-harvested medicinal plant species in local markets of Tanzania and its implications for conservation. Semi-structured interviews were used to record frequency, volume of trade and uses of wild-harvested medicinal plants in Arusha, Dodoma, Mbeya, Morogoro and Mwanza regions. Relative frequency of citation and informant consensus factor were calculated for each species and mentioned use category. Forty vendors were interviewed, and 400 out of 522 collected market samples were identified to 162 species from herbarium-deposited collections. Plant parts with the largest volume of trade were roots (3818 kg), bark (1163 kg) and leaves (492 kg). The most frequently traded species were Zanthoxylum chalybaeum Engl., Albizia anthelmintica Brongn., Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell, Warburgia stuhlmannii and Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb. The most popular medicinal plants in the markets are connected to local health problems including malaria, libido disorders or infertility. The high diversity of commercialized plants used for medicinal issues mainly relies on wild stock for local consumption and international trade, and this has significant implications for conservation concerns. (C) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Karis, Per Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Metalasia namaquana (Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae), a new species from the Kamiesberg (South Africa)
- 2012
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 78, s. 281-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The new species Metalasia namaquana is described from the Kamiesberg, a well known centre of plant endemism in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The species is most similar to Metalasia fastigiata and Metalasia albescens. The morphology, ecology and conservation status of the new species are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Karlsson, Laila, et al.
(författare)
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Seed dormancy pattern and germination preferences of the South African annual Papaver aculeatum
- 2007
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 73:3, s. 422-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seeds from two populations of Papaver aculeatum, collected in South Africa, were subjected to a series of experiments to investigate their dormancy and germination. Dormancy was weak: fresh seeds germinated to nearly 100% at 20/10 and 25/15°C day/night if provided with light, up to 50% at 15/5, but not at all at 30/20°C. Warm stratification increased germination, both in darkness and at 15/5°C, but did not lead to germination at 30/20°C. Cold stratification reduced germination and limited germination to the cooler temperatures. Alternating cold and warm stratifications showed that the species undergoes dormancy cycles. When subjected to three different artificial annual changing climates, with onset both in summer and autumn, most seed germinated in the first autumn. However, in cooler climates, some germination occurred during spring and the second autumn. The general dormancy pattern; reduction during a warm period and induction during a cold, was similar to that of P. rhoeas, a European species and a wide-spread weed. However, germination temperature preferences differed by P. aculeatum avoiding germination at high temperatures, having substantially weaker dormancy when fresh and having more easily reduced dormancy, compared with P. rhoeas. These differences most likely result in differing temporal pattern of germination in the field.
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| 10. |
- Kayani, Waqas Khan
(författare)
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A comparative study of the in vitro enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. and Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret from Pakistan: New sources of natural products for public health problems
- 2019
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 120, s. 146-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infusions, decoctions and tinctures were prepared from flowers of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. and Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poiret and evaluated for in vitro inhibition of enzymes implicated on the onset of neurological diseases (acetylcholinesterase: AChE and butyrylcholinesterase: BuChE), diabetes (alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase), obesity (lipase) and skin hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase). Extracts were also appraised for radical scavenging activity (RSA) on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals, and for metal chelating activity on copper and iron ions. Samples were evaluated for their total contents in different phenolics groups by spectrophotometric methods, for phenolic profile by high performance liquid chromatography e diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and for mineral contents by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AE). Regarding B. monosperma, the tincture allowed for a moderate inhibition of AChE, the decoction was able to inhibit alpha-glucosidase and no activity was observed towards BuChE, alpha-amylase or lipase. All extracts had a low or moderate inhibition towards tyrosinase, and significant RSA and metal chelating potential. As for S. grandiflora, only the decoction inhibited AChE, none of the extracts was able to inhibit BuChE, all samples inhibited alpha-glucosidase and infusions and decoctions had similar inhibitory properties towards alpha-amylase. None of the extracts was active against lipase, but all were able to inhibit tyrosinase. Extracts had also significant RSA, moderate copper chelation and decoctions had the capacity to chelate iron. The most abundant macroelements in both species were potassium and calcium, while iron was the prevalent microelement, especially in B. monosperma. Both species had significant levels of phenolic compounds, and the main components in decoctions and infusions of B. monosperma were syringic and salicylic acids, while the major compound identified in tinctures was the flavonoid luteolin-7-O-glucoside. In S. grandiflora the most abundant were chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and catechin hydrate. Molecular docking studies on the most abundant molecules in S. grandiflora, (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid, indicate that these compounds are able to dock to alpha-glucosidase in a similar manner than acarbose. Our results suggest that flowers of both species are a promising source of high value-added compounds with enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties. (c) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Loots, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Towards better risk assessment for conservation of flowering stones: plant density, spatial pattern and habitat preference of Lithops pseudotruncatella in Namibia
- 2017
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 109, s. 112-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide a better understanding of spatial pattern and habitat preferences for a cryptic xerophyte, a number of variables were investigated in a 10,000 m(2) (1 ha) study area in a population of L. pseudotruncatella; plant density, spatial arrangement of plants, and habitat specificity. Two censuses, carried out in dry season and in rainy season, revealed a total of 448 and 860 plants, respectively, with a severely clumped distribution. Five out of seven plant density estimation methods, applied in dry season, produced data that vastly over-or under-estimated plant number while Adaptive Cluster Sampling and the Belt Transect method were more accurate, with 557 and 540 plants, respectively. Plant number in 10 x 10 m test plots within the study area was positively associated with a high percentage cover of gravel and pebbles as opposed to sand or stones, and with a gentle rise as opposed to a slope in the topography of the plots. A significant association was found between the occurrence of Lithops and Avonia albissima in the test plots suggesting that the latter, which is more visible, can be used as an indicator of Lithops in the field. (C) 2017 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Munkert, Helena C.
(författare)
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Sexual and vegetative regeneration of three leguminous tree species in South African savannas
- 2009
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 75:3, s. 606-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The legume trees Dichrostachys cinerea, Acacia karroo and Acacia nilotica are encroaching a number of African savannas. I quantified the extent to which these species regenerated by seeds and root suckers respectively, and how land management affects the mode of regeneration. I used transects at three sites inside the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park and at three sites in adjacent villages outside the park to score all individuals shorter than 20 cm. I also excavated the roots to determine whether the plant was a gamete or a ramet connected to an established mother tree. I found D. cinerea regenerated to equal extent vegetatively and sexually, while A. karroo and A. nilotica mainly regenerated sexually. The present results suggest that the capacity of sexual regeneration of trees is important to consider in future management of bush encroachment in southern African savannas.
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| 14. |
- Muzila, Mbaki, et al.
(författare)
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Harpagophytum germplasm varies in tuber peel and pulp content of important phenylpropanoids and iridoids
- 2018
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 115, s. 153-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tubers of the xerophytic African plant Harpagophytum procumbens are used as an appreciated medicinal drug whereas the value of H. zeyheri remains uncertain. Due to large and sometimes continuous morphological variation, discrimination between these two species can be difficult. In addition, interspecific hybridization may occur and could further complicate the collection of proper plant material for medicinal purposes. Hence the objectives of this study were to 1) study the content of selected secondary metabolites in peel and pulp of Harpagophytum tubers of different taxa, 2) identify possible species-specific differences in content (profile and amount) of selected secondary metabolites, and 3) investigate associations between content of selected secondary metabolites and sample origin. Although composition and content of the studied compounds varied among populations within species, H. procumbens and H. zeyheri had significantly different phytochemical profiles, with putative hybrids sometimes being intermediate and sometimes transgressive. In both peel and pulp the content of isoverbascoside, verbascoside, acetylacteoside and pagoside were higher in putative hybrids and H. procumbens compared with H. zeyheri. The content of the main bioactive compound harpagoside was significantly higher in H. procumbens compared with putative hybrids and H. zeyheri, with both pulp and peel content of H. procumbens being approximately twice as high as the pulp and peel content of putative hybrids. Accurate identification, selection andmultiplication of germplasm with superior qualities should therefore be performed to provide plant material with a high content of bioactive compounds. (c) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Pereus, D., et al.
(författare)
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Diversity of Hypoxis species used in ethnomedicine in Tanzania
- 2019
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 122, s. 336-341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corms of different Hypoxis species (Hypoxidaceae) are used for the treatment and management of a variety of human ailments and disorders in African traditional medicine. However, the used corms are morphologically similar and it is not known whether this has resulted in different species being harvested, prescribed and sold as the same species. Ethnomedicinal information regarding its use in Tanzania is scanty and the available ethnobotanical information about the plants is mostly from various studies done outside Tanzania. The objective of the study was to document the diverse uses of Hypoxis in Tanzania and study what species are used and whether preferences exist for specific species. Focus group discussions and in depth interviews with informants were done in 15 regions of Tanzania to document local uses of Hypoxis species and collect vouchers for identification. Traditional practitioners use Hypoxis to manage a variety of human illness in Tanzania, and appear to use different species indiscriminately for medicine, socio-cultural applications and for food. Medicinal uses include treatment of benign prostate hypertrophy, cancer, diabetes, gout, headache, HIV/AIDS, infertility, ringworms, stomachache, and urinary tract infections. In Tanzania, different Hypoxis species are used indiscriminately for a range of sociocultural and medicinal purposes. The reported medicinal uses could aid testing and evaluation of traditional herbal medicine and more research is needed to test their pharmacological effects. (C) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Saheed, S. A., et al.
(författare)
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Xylem - as well as phloem sustains severe damage due to feeding by the Russian wheat aphid
- 2007
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 73:4, s. 593-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigation of comparative effects of feeding damage by the Russian wheat aphid (RWA, biotype SAI, Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko) on leaf blades of susceptible and resistant wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L. var Betta and Betta-Dn1 respectively) were carried out to establish the level of ultrastructural damage caused by this aphid and the possible limitation of damage induced which could be ascribed to the resistance gene Dn1 over the susceptible cultivar. Ultrastructurally, Betta-Dn1 sustained less damage to the vascular tissue as well as to the mesophyll during the experimental period. Both inter- and intracellular probes resulted in considerable saliva deposition as the aphids probed for suitable feeding sites. Salivary tracks were observed between and within mesophyll, bundle sheath cells as well as the vascular tissue, including the xylem. Disruption of organelles and cytoplasm resulted from cell probing and sheath deposition. Cell and organelle damage was more evident in the non-resistant Betta cultivar. The aphids probed for and fed from thin-walled sieve tubes preferentially. Few thick-walled sieve tubes showed evidence of either aphid probing or feeding-related damage. Saliva was deposited when the aphids probed inter- and intracellularly for feeding sites. The aphids appeared preferentially to probe for and feed from thin-walled sieve tubes, as few thick-walled sieve tubes showed evidence of damage. Vessels, apparently probed for water, contained watery saliva that encased the secondary walls and scaled pit membranes between probed vessels and xylem parenchyma. The xylem probed by the RWA was rendered non-functional, probably contributing to symptoms of leaf roll, chlorosis and necrosis, which were observed within two weeks of infestation in the susceptible Betta cultivar. This damage was limited in the resistant Betta-Dn] cultivar during the same time frame.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Stångberg, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Intergeneric relationships in the Gorteria clade of Arctotidae-Gorteriinae (Asteraceae), with description of a new genus, Roessleria.
- 2018
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 118, s. 216-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous phylogenetic studies in the Arctotideae-Gorteriinae (Asteraceae) have found support for a Gorteria clade. The results also indicated Hirpicium to be paraphyletic, whereas Gorteria and Gazania were found to be monophyletic. Previous investigations at the genus level on this group have focused only on relationships in Gazania and Gorteria, respectively, with only a few Hirpicium species included. In the present study we include more taxa than in any previous investigation, including all species of Hirpicium, all species of Gorteria and almost all taxa of Gazania. Phylogenetic analyses, based on DNA sequence data from non-coding (rps16, trnL–trnF, and psbA–trnH) as well as coding (ndhF) regions from the plastid genome resolved three major clades, but DNA sequence data from the ribosomal regions (ETS and ITS) from the nuclear genome did not support two of the three clades. The genus Hirpicium, as presently circumscribed, was paraphyletic with one group of four species nested within Gorteria and all remaining species of Hirpicium formed a monophyletic group with two clades, morphologically well-defined. As the name Hirpicium is a synonym of Gorteria, new names for the remaining Hirpicium species are proposed. For one of the Hirpicium clades, comprising Hirpicium echinus, we resurrect the genus Berkheyopsis O. Hoffm., and for the five species belonging to the second clade a new generic name, Roessleria Stångb. & Anderb., is proposed. The necessary new combinations, 12 in total, are made, as well as four lectotypifications and one neotypification. A key to the newly circumscribed genera is presented.
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| 21. |
- Stångberg, Frida K., 1980-
(författare)
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Diaspore capitula in Hirpicium supports close evolutionary relationship to Gorteria (Asteraceae–Arctotideae)
- 2009
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 75:3, s. 600-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the 17 genera in the southern African tribe Arctotideae (Asteraceae), only the three genera of subtribe Gorteriinae (Cuspidia, Gorteria and Didelta) have capitula that function as diaspores. The feature is reported here also in the genus Hirpicium for the first time. The discovery supports recent phylogenetic studies of the group that Hirpicium integrifolium and H. alienation are more closely related to Gorteria than to the rest of the Hirpicium species.
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| 22. |
- Tahir, Haroon Elrasheid, et al.
(författare)
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HPLC-DAD, GC-MS, UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS2, ICP-MS and FT-NIR combined with the chemometrics explain seasonal variation in Cassia senna L. leaves from the coast of Red Sea in Sudan
- 2023
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 163, s. 20-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crops reveal considerable capability to regulate their phytochemicals and trace element contents to seasonal changes in temperature and rainfalls. In this study, we have measured the secondary metabolites, volatiles, and trace elements of Cassia senna L leaves collected from the Red Sea State, Sudan during winter 2018, summer 2019, and autumn 2020. Chemical profiles were evaluated by High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD), Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC); Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier-transform near-infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). 46 metabolites, 33 volatile compounds, and 13 elements were reported. The findings suggested significant seasonal variations in sennoside (A-B) compounds, which were reported to have positive health effects. In this study, aloesin was identified for the first time in senna leaves. Analysis of seasonal variations was obtained by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant model. Additionally, chemical markers for each harvest season were reported. Overall, the number of metabolites and volatiles identified as a function of the season was autumn > summer> winter. Our results have enhanced the knowledge of the selection of harvesting time, with the best characteristics for the intended therapeutic application.(c) 2023 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 23. |
- Vafaee, Yavar, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotypic characterization and seed-micromorphology diversity of the threatened terrestrial orchids : implications for conservation
- 2021
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 137, s. 386-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current study, phenotypic and seed-micromorphology variability of 106 accessions from Dactlorhiza umbrosa (Kar. & Kir.) Nevski, Himantoglossum affine (Boiss.) Schltr., Orchis mascula (L.) L., Orchis simia Lam., Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase, Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm., Ophrys straussii Fleischm. & Bornm., and Orchis collina Sol. ex Russ. species was evaluated. Most of the evaluated traits represented coefficient variations (CV) <30% mainly for economically valuable traits including inflorescence length, flower number, flowering duration, tuber fresh weight, and tuber dry weight. The highest mean value for tuber width (5.61 ± 1.43 cm), tuber length (7.36 ± 1.27 cm), tuber fresh weight (23.38 ± 4.84 g), and tuber dry weight (2.80 ± 0.40 g) was recorded in Ha.JA population belonged to H. affine. The thickest (260.2 ± 1.50 µm) and the thinnest seeds (150.12 ± 9.29 µm) belonged to Os.P population belonged to O. simia and Du.M population belonged to D. umbrosa, respectively. There were highly significant positive or negative correlations between flower, inflorescence, and tuber characteristics. In this regard, the fruit set percentage was positively correlated with flower number (r = 0.36) and flowering date (r = 0.57). Tuber fresh weight was positively correlated with leaf number (r = 0.66), root length (r = 0.77), and root number (r = 0.63). Furthermore, the principal components with eigenvalue more than 0.45 were defined as being significant where eight components explained more than 93.33% of the total variance. The Ward dendrogram based on the Euclidean distance distinguished six distinct groups where accessions within O. collina, H. affine, O. coriophora, and D. umbrosa were placed in I, II, III, and V clusters, respectively. On the other hand, the accessions within O. schulzei and O. straussii formed cluster IV, while the accessions within O. simia and O. mascula were grouped into cluster VI, respectively. Overall, morphological traits at whole plant scale combined with seed-micromorphology characters not only could discriminate and clarify the relationships among the species and their populations collected from geographically different locations but also they could identify the diversity among the accessions within each population and species.
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| 24. |
- Vega-Polanco, Mayumi, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive strategy of an invasive buzz-pollinated plant (Solanum rostratum)
- 2023
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 162, s. 342-352
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some plants that invade environments outside their native range of distribution often face reproductive challenges such as limited pollinators and mates. Thus, the capacity to reproduce autonomously in the absence of pollinators or mates can facilitate establishment and spread of invasive plants. Here, we study the capacity of Solanum rostratum to reproduce through autonomous self-pollination. Although this plant is self-compatible, it strongly depends on visitation of buzzing bees to reproduce in its native range. We compared floral morphology, pollen: ovule ratios, reproductive phenology, and capacity for autonomous self-pollination of two populations of native distribution (Mexico) and another two populations of the invasive range (USA). We found a reduction in anther-stigma distance, pollen: ovule ratio, and plant height in invasive populations, as well as a shift to increased resource allocation to floral vs. vegetative structures and faster flowering compared to native populations. Importantly, invasive populations show a marked increase in the capacity to produce fruits autonomously (without pollen vectors). Our results suggest that the northern invasion of S. rostratum could have been facilitated by a shift in reproductive strategy from outcrossing to autonomous self-pollination.
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| 25. |
- Venter, H. J. T., et al.
(författare)
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Two new species of Cryptolepis (Apocynaceae: Periplocoideae) from Somalia, North-east Africa
- 2006
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 72:1, s. 139-143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new species, Cryptolepis nugaalensis and Cryptolepis somaliensis are described. Both were discovered in and environment in Somalia. Both belong to a unique group of xerophytic, mostly shrub-like species in the Horn of Africa, island of Socotra and southern Arabia, isolated from the rest of the genus.
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| 26. |
- Yong, Jean W.H
(författare)
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Novel insights into the mechanisms of silicon-induced salinity stress tolerance in Penicum turgidum plants revealed by antioxidant defense system and metabolic and nutritional profile
- 2024
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Ingår i: South African Journal of Botany. - 0254-6299 .- 1727-9321. ; 168, s. 328-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salinity is a global challenge to sustainable agriculture, impacting plant growth at cellular and functional levels. Nevertheless, silicon (Si), a multifunctional micro-element, plays a vital role in restoring and maintaining growth and development during unfavourable abiotic conditions such as high salinity exposure. Therefore, in the current research, two salinity levels [S1; 1 M (1000 mM) NaCl and S2; 2 M (2000 mM) NaCl] were used to assess the effects of exogenous Si (Si-1; 150 mg/L and Si-2; 250 mg/L) on key biological characteristics and especially the metabolite profiles of Panicum turgidum plants. Our findings revealed that the salt stress negatively affected the plants through high salt content (Na+ and Cl−) that further antagonized the essential nutrient balance in tissues; increased NH4+, but lowered NO3− and K+ in both roots and leaves. The excessive production of NH4+ led to over-accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG), resulting in the hyper-accumulation of sugars and altering the concentrations of amino acids, thereby inducing diabetes-like symptoms in P. turgidum plants. Interestingly, Si application restored the growth of P. turgidum plants by reducing oxidative damage thereby modifying the nutritional status, metabolic and biochemical characteristics of the plants. Specifically, the application of Si-2 showed improvement of key biological indictors in leaves and roots under both salinity levels. The current study also demonstrated that Si substantially reduced the NH4+-mediated MG-induced stress by lowering the concentration of MG, up-regulating the antioxidant capacity of various enzymes glyoxalase I (Gly-I), glyoxalase II (Gly-II), glutathione (GSH), glutamine: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT), nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH); with concomitant changes in the levels of sugar/carbohydrates in roots and leaves of P. turgidum.
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| 27. |
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