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Sökning: L773:0267 6591 OR L773:1477 111X

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1.
  • Arthursson, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • Cerebral oxygenation and autoregulation during rewarming on cardiopulmonary bypass
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 38:3, s. 523-529
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Rewarming on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with increased metabolic demands; however, it remains unclear whether cerebral autoregulation is affected during this phase. This RCT aims to describe the effects of 20% supranormal, compared to normal CPB flow, on monitoring signs of inadequate perfusion, oxygenation, and disturbed cerebral autoregulation, during the rewarming phase of CPB. Method Thirty two patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting were allocated to a Control group (n = 16) receiving a CPB pump flow corresponding to preoperatively measured cardiac output, and an Intervention group (n = 16) receiving the corresponding CPB pump flow increased by 20% during rewarming. Cerebral Oximetry Index (COx) was calculated with the aid of Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Results Twenty five patients were included in the data. Results show a median COx value of 0.0 (IQR -0.33-0.5) (Control) and 0.0 (IQR -0.15-0.25) (Intervention), respectively; p = .85 with individual variations within groups. The median cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was 55 (52-58) (Control) and 61 (54-66) mmHg (Intervention); p = .08. No significant difference in rSO2 values was observed between the groups (58.5% (50-61) versus 64% (58-68); p = .06). Conclusion The present study showed no difference between increased and normal CPB pump flow with respect to cerebral autoregulation during rewarming. Large variations in cerebral autoregulation were seen at individual level.
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2.
  • Bjursten, Henrik, et al. (författare)
  • Particle separation using ultrasound can be used with human shed mediastinal blood.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 20:1, s. 39-43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Shed mediastinal blood collected by cardiotomy suction has been shown to be a large contributor to lipid microemboli ending up in different organs. The aim of this study was to test the separation efficiency on human shed blood of a new separation method developed to meet this demand. METHODS: Shed mediastinal blood collected from the pericardial cavity of 13 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass was collected. The blood was processed in an eight-channel parallel PARSUS separator, and separation efficiency was determined. RESULTS: Erythrocyte recovery, in terms of a separation ratio, varied between 68% and 91%. Minor electrolyte changes took place, where levels of sodium increased and levels of potassium and calcium decreased. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that PARSUS technology can be used on human shed mediastinal blood with good separation efficiency. The technology is, thereby, suggested to have future clinical relevance.
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3.
  • Blohme, L, et al. (författare)
  • Alternatives for arterial inflow in open surgical descending and thoracoabdominal aortic repair
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 31:4, s. 316-319
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Surgical repair of the descending and thoracoabdominal aorta is regularly performed with the support of extracorporeal circulation. Femoral artery cannulation is the standard for arterial inflow, but presents, along with extremity hypoperfusion, the risk of embolization and malperfusion with retrograde aortic perfusion. There are alternatives for arterial inflow to avoid the drawbacks of the standard approach while accommodating different perfusion strategies. Ideally, with a broadened perfusion armamentarium, the choice of arterial inflow could be individualized to provide safe and efficient extracorporeal circulation.
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4.
  • Blomquist, Sten, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical experience with a novel endotoxin adsorbtion device in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 24:1, s. 13-17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Endotoxaemia is thought to occur in cardiac surgery using extracorporeal circulation (ECC) and a positive correlation has been proposed between the magnitude of endotoxaemia and risk for postoperative complications. We studied the effects of a new endotoxin adsorber device (Alteco(R) LPS adsorber) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with ECC, with special reference to safety and ease of use. Fifteen patients undergoing coronary artery bypass and/or valvular surgery were studied. In 9 patients, the LPS Adsorber was included in the bypass circuit between the arterial filter and the venous reservoir. Flow through the adsorber was started when the aorta was clamped and stopped at the end of perfusion. Flow rate was kept at 150 ml/min. Six patients served as controls with no adsorber in the circuit. Samples were taken for analysis of endotoxin, TNFalpha, IL-1ss and IL-6 as well as complement factors C3, C4 and C1q. Whole blood coagulation status was evaluated using thromboelastograpy (TEG) and platelet count. No adverse events were encountered when the adsorber was used in the circuit. Blood flow through the device was easily monitored and kept at the desired level. Platelet count decreased in both groups during surgery. TEG data revealed a decrease in whole blood clot strength in the control group while it was preserved in the adsorber group. Endotoxin was detected in only 2 patients and IL-1ss in 4 patients. IL-6 decreased in both groups whereas no change in TNF concentrations was found. C3 fell in both groups, but no changes wer found in C4 and C1q. The Alteco(R) LPS adsorber can be used safely and is easy to handle in the bypass circuit. No complications related to the use of the adsorber were noted. The intended effects of the adsorber, i.e. removal of endotoxin from the blood stream could not be evaluated in this study, presumably due to the small number of patients and the relatively short perfusion times.
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5.
  • Braatz, E, et al. (författare)
  • Will high-dose heparin affect blood loss and inflammatory response in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass?
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 36:1, s. 63-69
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We performed a randomized study to investigate if a high versus a standard dose of heparin dose during cardiopulmonary bypass could affect intra- and post-operative bleeding and reduce the inflammatory response. Methods: A total of 30 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were randomized into high or standard dose of heparin during cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood loss was documented peri- and post-operatively, and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C3 were measured in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: Data from 29 patients were analyzed after exclusion of one patient. The mean initial bolus and total heparin doses were 43,000 ± 5,800 IU versus 35,000 ± 4,100 IU, (p < 0.001), and 58,000 ± 9,500 IU versus 45,000 ± 7,900 IU, (p < 0.001) in the intervention and the control group, respectively. The median intra-operative bleeding was 150 mL (interquartile range 100-325) in the control versus 225 mL (IQR 200-350) in the intervention group, p = 0.15. The median chest tube blood loss 12 hour post-operatively was 300 mL (interquartile range 250-385) in the control versus 450 mL (IQR 315-505) in the intervention group, p = 0.029. There was no significant difference between the control group and the intervention group during cardiopulmonary bypass for the measured inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (p = 0.98), tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.72), or C3 (p = 0.13). Conclusion: This small study showed a small increase of post-operative bleeding associated with higher heparin dosage in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass but did not demonstrate an effect of heparin on the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass.
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6.
  • Broman, Lars Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Pressure and flow properties of cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation I : return (arterial) cannulae
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 34, s. 58-64
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adequate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in the adult requires cannulae permitting blood flows up to 6-8 L/minute. In accordance with Poiseuille's law, flow is proportional to the fourth power of cannula inner diameter and inversely proportional to its length. Poiseuille's law can be applied to obtain the pressure drop of an incompressible, Newtonian fluid (such as water) flowing in a cylindrical tube. However, as blood is a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid, the validity of Poiseuille's law is questionable for prediction of cannula properties in clinical practice. Pressure-flow charts with non-Newtonian fluids, such as blood, are typically not provided by the manufacturers. A standardized laboratory test of return (arterial) cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed. The aim was to determine pressure-flow data with human whole blood in addition to manufacturers' water tests to facilitate an appropriate choice of cannula for the desired flow range. In total, 14 cannulae from three manufacturers were tested. Data concerning design, characteristics, and performance were graphically presented for each tested cannula. Measured blood flows were in most cases 3-21% lower than those provided by manufacturers. This was most pronounced in the narrow cannulae (15-17 Fr) where the reduction ranged from 27% to 40% at low flows and 5-15% in the upper flow range. These differences were less apparent with increasing cannula diameter. There was a marked disparity between manufacturers. Based on the measured results, testing of cannulae including whole blood flows in a standardized bench test would be recommended.
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7.
  • Broman, Lars Mikael, et al. (författare)
  • Pressure and flow properties of cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation II : drainage (venous) cannulae
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 34, s. 65-73
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The use of extracorporeal life support devices such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adults requires cannulation of the patient's vessels with comparatively large diameter cannulae to allow circulation of large volumes of blood (>5 L/min). The cannula diameter and length are the major determinants for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow. Manufacturing companies present pressure-flow charts for the cannulae; however, these tests are performed with water. Aims of this study were 1. to investigate the specified pressure-flow charts obtained when using human blood as the circulating medium and 2. to support extracorporeal membrane oxygenation providers with pressure-flow data for correct choice of the cannula to reach an optimal flow with optimal hydrodynamic performance. Eighteen extracorporeal membrane oxygenation drainage cannulae, donated by the manufacturers (n = 6), were studied in a centrifugal pump driven mock loop. Pressure-flow properties and cannula features were described. The results showed that when blood with a hematocrit of 27% was used, the drainage pressure was consistently higher for a given flow (range 10%-350%) than when water was used (data from each respective manufacturer's product information). It is concluded that the information provided by manufacturers in line with regulatory guidelines does not correspond to clinical performance and therefore may not provide the best guidance for clinicians.
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8.
  • Broman, L. M., et al. (författare)
  • Pressure and flow properties of dual-lumen cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: In the last decade, dual-lumen cannulae have been increasingly applied in patients undergoing extracorporeal life support. Well-performing vascular access is crucial for efficient extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support; thus, guidance for proper cannulae size is required. Pressure–flow charts provided by manufacturers are often based on tests performed using water, rarely blood. However, blood is a shear-thinning and viscoelastic fluid characterized by different flow properties than water. Methods: We performed a study evaluating pressure–flow curves during standardized conditions using human whole blood in two commonly available dual-lumen cannulae used in neonates, pediatric, and adult patients. Results were merged and compared with the manufacturer’s corresponding curves obtained from the public domain. Results: The results showed that using blood as compared with water predominantly influenced drainage flow. A 10-80% higher pressure-drop was needed to obtain same drainage flow (hematocrit of 26%) compared with manufacturer’s water charts in 13-31 Fr bi-caval dual-lumen cannulae. The same net difference was found in cavo-atrial cannulae (16-32 Fr), where a lower drainage pressure was required (Hct of 26%) compared with the manufacturer’s test using blood with an Hct of 33%. Return pressure–flow data were similar, independent whether pumping blood or water, to the data reported by manufacturers. Conclusion: Non-standardized testing of pressure–flow properties of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation dual-lumen cannulae prevents an adequate prediction of pressure–flow results when these cannulae are used in patients. Properties of dual-lumen cannulae may vary between sizes within same cannula family, in particular concerning the drainage flow. 
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9.
  • Broman, LM (författare)
  • When antithrombin substitution strikes back
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 35:1_suppl, s. 34-37
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Commercially available products used for antithrombin supplementation, for example, in extracorporeal life support, may contain latent antithrombin, a hyper-stable strongly procoagulative and anti-angiogenic residue. Latent antithrombin is associated with severe thrombosis in the critically ill. In the manufacturing process of fractionated antithrombin from plasma, heat treatment, citrate, and freeze drying speed up the transformation of native antithrombin to latent antithrombin. Manufacturers are not required to assess and report the latent antithrombin content of their products. When reported, the latent antithrombin fractions in their product range from <1% to 40% of total antithrombin compared with <3% in the healthy adult and less in children. The aims of this work were (1) to convey increased awareness to clinicians who may experience defaulted, expected effect after antithrombin supplementation in, for example, heparin anticoagulation during extracorporeal life support and (2) to urge manufacturers to assess and disclose latent antithrombin content in their products.
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10.
  • Chew, Michelle (författare)
  • Does modified ultrafiltration reduce the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass?
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 19 Suppl 1, s. 57-60
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with an accumulation of total body water and a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which, in turn, is associated with organ dysfunction and postoperative morbidity. It has been suggested that modified ultrafiltration (MUF) may be capable of reducing SIRS and improving clinical outcome by filtering out the inflammatory mediators generated during CPB. This paper reviews the data regarding the use of MUF in paediatric and adult settings. Specifically, three issues will be considered: 1) Does MUF improve clinical outcome? 2) Does MUF reduce the systemic inflammatory response to cardiac surgery with CPB? 3) Is MUF more effective than conventional ultrafiltration in improving clinical outcome?
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11.
  • Corderfeldt, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Non-invasive and invasive measurement of skeletal muscular oxygenation during isolated limb perfusion
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Perfusion-Uk. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591. ; 38:5, s. 1019-1028
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is a regional surgical treatment for localized metastatic disease. High doses of chemotherapeutic agents are administered within an extracorporeal circulated isolated extremity, treating the metastasis, while systemic toxicity is avoided. To our knowledge, indexed oxygen supply/demand relationship during ILP has not previously been described. Our aim was to measure and describe oxygen metabolism, specifically oxygen delivery, consumption, and extraction, in an isolated leg/arm during ILP. Also investigate whether invasive oxygenation measurement during ILP correlates and can be used interchangeable with the non-invasive method, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods: Data from 40 patients scheduled for ILP were included. At six time points blood samples were drawn during the procedure. DO2, VO2, and O2ER were calculated according to standard formulas. NIRS and hemodynamics were recorded every 10 min. Results: For all observations, the mean of DO2 was 190 +/- 59 ml/min/m(2), VO2 was 35 +/- 8 ml/min/m(2), and O2ER was 21 +/- 8%. VO2 was significantly higher in legs compared to arms (38 +/- 8 vs. 29 +/- 7 ml/min/m(2), p=0.02). Repeated measures showed a significant decrease in DO2 in legs (209 +/- 65 to 180 +/- 66 ml/min/m(2), p=<0.01) and in arms (252 +/- 72 to 150 +/- 57 ml/min/m(2), p=<0.01). Significant increase in O2ER in arms was also found (p=0.03). Significant correlation was detected between NIRS and venous extremity oxygen saturation (SveO(2)) (r(rm)=0.568, p=<. 001, 95% CI 0.397-0.701). When comparing SveO(2) and NIRS using a Bland-Altman analysis, the mean difference (bias) was 8.26 +/- 13.03 (p=<. 001) and the limit of agreement was - 17.28-33.09, with an error of 32.5%. Conclusion: DO2 above 170 ml/min/m(2) during ILP kept O2ER below 30% for all observations. NIRS correlates significant to SveO(2); however, the two methods do not agree sufficiently to work interchangeable.
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12.
  • Cvetkovic, M, et al. (författare)
  • International survey of neuromonitoring and neurodevelopmental outcome in children and adults supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Europe
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 38:2, s. 245-260
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Adverse neurological events during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are common and may be associated with devastating consequences. Close monitoring, early identification and prompt intervention can mitigate early and late neurological morbidity. Neuromonitoring and neurocognitive/neurodevelopmental follow-up are critically important to optimize outcomes in both adults and children. Objective: To assess current practice of neuromonitoring during ECMO and neurocognitive/neurodevelopmental follow-up after ECMO across Europe and to inform the development of neuromonitoring and follow-up guidelines. Methods: The EuroELSO Neurological Monitoring and Outcome Working Group conducted an electronic, web-based, multi-institutional, multinational survey in Europe. Results: Of the 211 European ECMO centres (including non-ELSO centres) identified and approached in 23 countries, 133 (63%) responded. Of these, 43% reported routine neuromonitoring during ECMO for all patients, 35% indicated selective use, and 22% practiced bedside clinical examination alone. The reported neuromonitoring modalities were NIRS ( n = 88, 66.2%), electroencephalography ( n = 52, 39.1%), transcranial Doppler ( n = 38, 28.5%) and brain injury biomarkers ( n = 33, 24.8%). Paediatric centres (67%) reported using cranial ultrasound, though the frequency of monitoring varied widely. Before hospital discharge following ECMO, 50 (37.6%) reported routine neurological assessment and 22 (16.5%) routinely performed neuroimaging with more paediatric centres offering neurological assessment (65%) as compared to adult centres (20%). Only 15 (11.2%) had a structured longitudinal follow-up pathway (defined followup at regular intervals), while 99 (74.4%) had no follow-up programme. The majority ( n = 96, 72.2%) agreed that there should be a longitudinal structured follow-up for ECMO survivors. Conclusions: This survey demonstrated significant variability in the use of different neuromonitoring modalities during and after ECMO. The perceived importance of neuromonitoring and follow-up was noted to be very high with agreement for a longitudinal structured follow-up programme, particularly in paediatric patients. Scientific society endorsed guidelines and minimum standards should be developed to inform local protocols.
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13.
  • Di Nardo, M, et al. (författare)
  • A narrative review of the technical standards for extracorporeal life support devices (pumps and oxygenators) in Europe
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 33:7, s. 553-561
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This review summarizes the European rules to control the market when introducing new products. In particular, it shows all the steps to achieve the European Conformity (CE Mark), a certification that all new medical products must achieve before being used in Europe. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) devices are exposed to the same procedures. Hereby, we present some regulatory issues regarding pumps and oxygenators, providing technical details as released by the manufacturers on their websites and information charts.
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14.
  • Donker, D. W., et al. (författare)
  • Echocardiography in extracorporeal life support : A key player in procedural guidance, tailoring and monitoring
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 33:1_suppl, s. 31-41
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a mainstay of current practice in severe respiratory, circulatory or cardiac failure refractory to conventional management. The inherent complexity of different ECLS modes and their influence on the native pulmonary and cardiovascular system require patient-specific tailoring to optimize outcome. Echocardiography plays a key role throughout the ECLS care, including patient selection, adequate placement of cannulas, monitoring, weaning and follow-up after decannulation. For this purpose, echocardiographers require specific ECLS-related knowledge and skills, which are outlined here.
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15.
  • Donker, Dirk W., et al. (författare)
  • Left ventricular unloading during veno-arterial ECMO : a review of percutaneous and surgical unloading interventions
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 34:2, s. 98-105
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Short-term mechanical support by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is more and more applied in patients with severe cardiogenic shock. A major shortcoming of VA ECMO is its variable, but inherent increase of left ventricular (LV) mechanical load, which may aggravate pulmonary edema and hamper cardiac recovery. In order to mitigate these negative sequelae of VA ECMO, different adjunct LV unloading interventions have gained a broad interest in recent years. Here, we review the whole spectrum of percutaneous and surgical techniques combined with VA ECMO reported to date.
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16.
  • El-Essawi, A, et al. (författare)
  • Minimized perfusion circuits: an alternative in the surgical treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 28:1, s. 47-53
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Jehovah’s Witnesses present a challenge to cardiac surgeons, as quality of care is not only defined by mortality and morbidity, but also by the avoidance of blood transfusions. Over the last years, minimized perfusion circuits (MPC) have contributed substantially to the achievement of this goal in our clinic. Presented is a retrospective analysis of our experience. Methods: Twenty-nine Jehovah’s Witnesses, aged 69 ± 10 years, have undergone cardiac surgery with a MPC in our institution since 2005. The ROCsafe (Reservoir Optional Circuit) MPC was used in most of these patients (n=27) as it offers the unique possibility of a speedy integration of a reservoir in the event of a major air leak, thereby, negligating any safety concerns. Results: There was no in-hospital or 30-day postoperative mortality. Mean ICU stay was 1.6 ± 2 days with a mean intubation time of 11.3 ± 9.1 hrs. Postoperative complications included one myocardial infarction with accompanying low cardiac output, one stroke, one transient delirium, one idiopathic thrombocytopenia and three re-operations (one sternal infection, one postoperative bleeding and one delayed tamponade). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.9 ± 2.3 days. Mean decrease in hemoglobin was 2.1 ± 1.3 g/dl during cardiopulmonary bypass and 3.4 ±1.4 g/dl at discharge. The lowest postoperative hemoglobin level was 9.3 ±1.8 (Range 6-12.9). Conclusions: These encouraging results emphasize the role MPCs can play in optimizing the quality of patient care. We hope that this report can serve as a stimulus for similar experiences.
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17.
  • Engström, Gunnar, et al. (författare)
  • Fat reduction in pericardial suction blood by spontaneous density separation : an experimental model on human liquid fat versus soya oil
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 18:1, s. 39-45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pericardial suction blood (PSB) contains mediastinal liquid wound fat with an embolic potential to cause brain damage after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aims were to measure how fat separates spontaneously from blood by density and how temperature and fat surface adhesion affect the results under experimental conditions. Human liquid fat was heat-extracted from retrieved pericardial fat tissue of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients ( n=10). Human fat or soya oil, 5% and 10%, respectively, were mixed with postoperatively shed mediastinal blood ( n=20). The mixture was loaded into a temperature-controlled (37°C, 20°C, 10°C) vertical separation column. At 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 minutes, the blood was collected in five fractions, representing layers of density separation, followed by centrifugation. Human fat solidified at 8°C. Soya oil remained liquid below 0°C. Soya oil separated fast in water, but was slower in blood. At 10 minutes and 37°C 73±6% of added soya oil was found in the top 20% fraction. Human fat at 37°C behaved similarly to soya oil, with 58-2% separation at 10 minutes. However, at lower temperatures the density separation became less efficient ( p<0.001), whereas human fat more effectively adhered to the walls of the column, which added to the removal. In total, 66%-78% of the human fat was removed, depending on temperature. In conclusion, fat in PSB can be reduced by simple density separation and surface adhesion while it is temporarily retained from the CPB circuit.
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18.
  • Eyjolfsson, Atli, et al. (författare)
  • Comparison between transcranial Doppler and coulter counter for detection of lipid micro embolization from mediastinal shed blood reinfusion during cardiac surgery.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 26:5, s. 519-523
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Lipid micro embolization (LME) from re-transfused shed blood has been postulated to be a potential reason for short- and long-term cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate if transcranial Doppler (TCD) has the capacity to detect LME. METHODS: Thirteen patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were investigated. Each patient's cerebral circulation was monitored with transcranial Doppler during the first two minutes after re-transfusion of shed blood and blood was simultaneously sampled and characterised by a Coulter counter. RESULTS: Strong correlation was found between embolic loads, as measured by transcranial Doppler and Coulter counter (r=0.79, P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study shows that non-invasive monitoring by transcranial Doppler could be a potential tool to monitor LME during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
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19.
  • Falk, L, et al. (författare)
  • Differential hypoxemia and the clinical significance of venous drainage position during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 38:4, s. 818-825
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Differential hypoxemia (DH) has been recognized as a clinical problem during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) although its features and consequences have not been fully elucidated. This single center retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients manifesting DH as well as the impact of repositioning the drainage point from the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the superior vena cava to alleviate DH. All patients (>15 years) commenced on VA ECMO at our center between 2009 and 2020 were screened. Of 472 eligible patients seven were identified with severe DH. All patients had the drainage cannula tip in the IVC or at the junction between the IVC and right atrium. The mean peripheral capillary saturation increased from 54 (±6.6) to 86 (±6.6) %, ( p = <0.001) after repositioning of the cannula. Pre-oxygenator saturation increased from 62 (±8.9) % prior to adjustment to 74 (±3.7) %, ( p = 0.016) after repositioning. Plasma lactate tended to decrease within 24 h after adjustment. Five patients (71%) survived ECMO treatment, to discharge from hospital, and were alive at 1-year follow-up. Although DH has been described in several studies, the condition has not been investigated in a clinical setting comparing the effect on upper body saturation before and after repositioning of the drainage cannula. This study shows that moving the drainage zone into the upper part of the body has a marked positive effect on upper body saturation in patients with DH.
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20.
  • Falk, L, et al. (författare)
  • Differential hypoxemia during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 34:1_suppl, s. 22-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, indicated for severe cardio-respiratory failure, may result in anatomic regional differences in oxygen saturation. This depends on cannulation, hemodynamic state, and severity of respiratory failure. Differential hypoxemia, often discrete, may cause clinical problems in peripheral femoro-femoral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, when the upper body is perfused with low saturated blood from the heart and the lower body with well-oxygenated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation blood. The key is to diagnose and manage fulminant differential hypoxemia, that is, a state that may develop where the upper body is deprived of oxygen. We summarize physiology, assessment of diagnosis, and management of fulminant differential hypoxemia during venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A possible solution is implantation of an additional jugular venous return cannula. In this article, we propose an even better solution, to drain the venous blood from the superior vena cava. Drainage from the superior vena cava provides superiority to venovenoarterial configuration in terms of physiological rationale, efficiency, safety, and simplicity in clinical circuit design.
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21.
  • Ferrari, Gabriele, 1984-, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term results of percutaneous coronary intervention in no-touch vein grafts are significantly better than in conventional vein grafts
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - London : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Conventional vein grafts have a high risk of thrombosis and early atherosclerosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in conventional vein grafts is associated with a higher incidence of late adverse cardiac events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term results after PCI in saphenous vein grafts (SVG) harvested with the no-touch technique compared to the conventional technique. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, cohort study, based on data from the Swedeheart register. The inclusion criterion was individuals who underwent CABG using different vein graft techniques between January 1992 and July 2020, and who required a PCI in SVGs between January 2006 and July 2020. The primary end point was long-term in-stent restenosis. The secondary endpoints were long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and 1-year re-hospitalization rates. The associations between the graft types and the endpoints were evaluated using the Fine and Gray competing-risk regression analysis. Results: The study included 346 individuals (67 no-touch, 279 conventional). The mean clinical follow-up time was 6.4 years with a standard deviation of 3.7 years. The long-term in-stent restenosis rate for the no-touch grafts was 3.2% compared to 18.7% for the conventional grafts (p <.01), with a subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of 0.16 (p =.010). The long-term MACE rate was 27.0% in the no-touch group and 48.3% in the conventional group (p <.01) with a SHR of 0.53 (p =.017). The short-term results were similar in both groups. Conclusions: Percutaneous coronary intervention in a no-touch vein graft was associated with statistically significantly fewer in-stent restenoses and MACE at long-term follow-up compared to a conventional SVG. © The Author(s) 2024.
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22.
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23.
  • Hjarpe, A. K., et al. (författare)
  • Epoprostenol for the treatment of increasing oxygenator pressure drop during cardiopulmonary bypass. A case report
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Perfusion-Uk. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591. ; 33:3, s. 228-231
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A change of oxygenator during cardiopulmonary bypass is a technically high-risk procedure with potential for a serious adverse event for the patient. This case report describes a case of increased pressure drop and pre-oxygenator blood pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass successfully treated with pre-oxygenator-administered epoprostenol.
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24.
  • Hjarpe, A. K., et al. (författare)
  • Risk factors and treatment of oxygenator high-pressure excursions during cardiopulmonary bypass
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Perfusion-Uk. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591. ; 38:1, s. 156-164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: A high-pressure excursion (HPE) is a sudden increase in oxygenator inlet pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aims of this study were to identify factors associated with HPE, to describe a treatment protocol utilizing epoprostenol in severe cases, and to assess early outcome in HPE patients. Methods: Patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass at Sahlgrenska University Hospital 2016-2018 were included in a retrospective observational study. Pre- and post-operative data collected from electronic health records, local databases, and registries were compared between HPE and non-HPE patients. Factors associated with HPE were identified with logistic regression models. Results: In total, 2024 patients were analyzed, and 37 (1.8%) developed HPE. Large body surface area (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.43 per 0.1 m(2); 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-1.76, p < 0.001), higher hematocrit during CPB (aOR: 1.20 per 1%; (1.09-1.33), p < 0.001), acute surgery (aOR: 2.98; (1.26-6.62), p = 0.018), and previous stroke (aOR: 2.93; (1.03-7.20), p = 0.027) were independently associated with HPE. HPE was treated with hemodilution (n = 29, 78.4%), and/or extra heparin (n = 23, 62.2%), and/or epoprostenol (n = 12, 32.4%). No oxygenator change-out was necessary. While there was no significant difference in 30-day mortality (2.7% vs 3.2%, p = 1.0), HPE was associated with a higher perioperative stroke rate (8.1% vs 1.8%, aOR 5.09 (1.17-15.57), p = 0.011). Conclusions: Large body surface area, high hematocrit during CPB, previous stroke and acute surgery were independently associated with HPE. A treatment protocol including epoprostenol appears to be a safe option. Perioperative stroke rate was increased in HPE patients.
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25.
  • Högevold, H. E., et al. (författare)
  • Effects of heparin coating on the expression of CD11b, CD11c and CD62L by leucocytes in extracorporeal circulation in vitro
  • 1997
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 12:1, s. 9-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Leucocyte adhesion molecules are involved in the leucocyte-endothelial interaction and in the activation of coagulation and binding of complement and endotoxin. Thus, they are important in inflammation, systemic acute phase reaction, ischaemia reperfusion injury and resistance against infections. The expression of the adhesion molecules CD11b, CD11c and CD62L on leucocytes and changes in plasma products of neutrophil activation (myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin) and complement activation (C3bc, SC5b-9 (TCC)) were examined in an extracorporeal circulation (ECC) model and the effects of Carmeda bioactive surface (CBAS) heparin coating (n = 7) of the circuits were compared to uncoated control circuits (n = 5). In this model, new 'unactivated' cells mobilized from the bone marrow could not interfere with descriptive measures of cell activation as seen in in vivo studies. In the control group, CD11b and CD11c were upregulated on monocytes and granulocytes during ECC, whereas CD62L was downregulated. Heparin coating reduced the increase in CD11b and CD11c on granulocytes (p < 0.02 at 2 h), but the delayed increase in CD11c on monocytes and the delayed downregulation of CD62L on granulocytes and monocytes did not reach statistical significance. Further, heparin coating also reduced the initial decrease in the absolute cell counts of monocytes and granulocytes (p = 0.01 at 2 h), reflecting reduced adhesion to the oxygenator/tubing. The increases in plasma myeloperoxidase, lactoferrin, C3bc and TCC were lower in the heparin-coated group compared to the control group. The increases in plasma myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin correlated significantly to the increase in CD11b (r = 0.71, p = 0.02 and r = 0.64, p = 0.05, respectively) and CD11c (r = 0.72, p = 0.008 and r = 0.72, p = 0.008, respectively) on granulocytes, suggesting interacting regulatory pathways in the process of neutrophil adhesion, activation and degranulation. Thus, in this in vitro ECC model, heparin coating of oxygenator/tubing sets reduced leucocyte activation and leucocyte adhesion-related phenomena.
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26.
  • Johagen, Daniel, et al. (författare)
  • The scientific evidence of arterial line filtration in cardiopulmonary bypass
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 31:6, s. 446-457
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: The indication for arterial line filtration (ALF) is to inhibit embolisation during cardiopulmonary bypass. Filtration methods have developed from depth filters to screen filters and from a stand-alone component to an integral part of the oxygenator. For many years, ALF has been a standard adopted by a majority of cardiac centres worldwide. The following review aims to summarize the available evidence in support for ALF and report on its current practice in Europe. Method: The principles and application of ALF in Europe was investigated using a survey conducted in 2014. The scientific evidence for ALF was examined by performing a systematic literature search in six different databases, using the following search terms: Cardiopulmonary bypass AND filters AND arterial. The primary endpoint was protection against cerebral injury verified by the degree of cerebral embolisation or cognitive tests. The secondary endpoint was improvement of the clinical outcome verified elsewise. Only randomised clinical trials were considered. Results: The response rate was 31% (n=112). The great majority (88.5%) of respondents were using ALF, following more than 10 years of experience. Integrated arterial filtration was used by 55%. Of respondents not using ALF, fifty-four percent considered starting using integrated arterial filtration. The systematic literature database search returned 180 unique publications where 82 were specifically addressing ALF in cardiopulmonary bypass. Only four out of the 82 identified publications fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Of these, three were more than 20 years old and based on the use of bubble oxygenation. Conclusion: ALF is a standard implemented in a majority of cardiopulmonary bypass procedures in Europe. The level of scientific evidence available in support of current arterial line filtration methods in cardiopulmonary bypass is, however, poor. Large, well-designed, randomised trials are warranted.
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27.
  • Karlsson, Mattias, et al. (författare)
  • Cardiopulmonary bypass and dual antiplatelet therapy : a strategy to minimise transfusions and blood loss
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 35:3, s. 236-245
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Patients with preoperative dual antiplatelet therapy prior to coronary artery bypass surgery are at risk of bleeding and blood component transfusion. We hypothesise that an optimised cardiopulmonary bypass strategy reduces postoperative blood loss and transfusions.Methods: In total, 60 patients admitted for coronary artery bypass grafting with ticagrelor and aspirin medication withdrawn <96 hours before surgery were prospectively randomised into two equal sized groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass combined a closed Cortiva (R) heparin-coated circuit with low systemic heparinisation (activated clotting time < 250 seconds) and intraoperative cell salvage in the study group, whereas the control group used a Balance (R) coated open circuit, full systemic heparinisation (activated clotting time > 480 seconds) and conventional cardiotomy suction. This perfusion strategy was evaluated by the chest drain volume after 24 hours, perioperative haemoglobin and platelet loss accompanied by global coagulation assessments.Results: Patients in the study group demonstrated significantly better outcomes signified by lower blood loss 554 +/- 224 versus 1,100 +/- 989 mL (p < 0.001), reduced packed red cell transfusion 7% versus 53% (p < 0.001), reduced haemoglobin -28 +/- 15 versus -40 +/- 14 g/L (p = 0.004) and platelet loss -35 +/- 36 versus -82 +/- 67 x 10(9)/L (p = 0.001). Indices of rotational thromboelastometry indicated shorter clotting times within the internal and external pathways. Adenosine diphosphate activated platelet function was within normal range based on Multiplate (R) aggregometry, while ROTEM (R) platelet analyses indicated inhibited function both preoperatively and post-bypass. Platelet inhibition by aspirin was verified throughout the perioperative period. Platelet function showed no intergroup differences.Conclusion: A stringent perfusion strategy reduced blood loss and transfusions in dual antiplatelet therapy patients requiring urgent surgery.
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28.
  • Landenhed Smith, Maya, et al. (författare)
  • Pulmonary collapse alone provides effective de-airing in cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized study.
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 31:4, s. 320-326
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We previously described and showed that the method for cardiac de-airing involving: (1) bilateral, induced pulmonary collapse by opening both pleurae and disconnecting the ventilator before cardioplegic arrest and (2) gradual pulmonary perfusion and ventilation after cardioplegic arrest is superior to conventional de-airing methods, including carbon dioxide insufflation of the open mediastinum. This study investigated whether one or both components of this method are responsible for the effective de-airing of the heart.
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29.
  • Larsson, M., et al. (författare)
  • Experimental extracorporeal membrane oxygenation reduces central venous pressure : an adjunct to control of venous hemorrhage?
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 25:4, s. 217-223
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Venoarterial ECMO has been utilized in trauma patients to improve oxygenation, particularly in the setting of pulmonary contusions and ARDS. We hypothesized that venoarterial ECMO could reduce the central venous pressure in the trauma scenario, thus, alleviating major venous hemorrhage. Methods: Ten swine were cannulated for venoarterial ECMO. Central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, portal vein pressure and portal vein flow were recorded at three different flow rates in both a hemodynamic normal state and a setting of increased central venous pressure and right ventricular load, mimicking acute lung injury. Results: Venoarterial ECMO reduced the central venous pressure (CVP(sup)) from 9.4 +/- 0.8 to 7.3 +/- 0.7 mmHg (p < 0.01) and increased the mean arterial pressure from 103 +/- 8 to 119 +/- 10 mmHg (p < 0.01) in the normal hemodynamic state. In the state of increased right ventricular load, the CVP(sup) declined from 14.3 +/- 0.4 to 11.0 +/- 0.7mmHg (p < 0.01) and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased from 66 +/- 6 to 113 +/- 5 mmHg (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Venoarterial ECMO reduces systemic venous pressure while maintaining or improving systemic perfusion in both a normal circulatory state and in the setting of increased right ventricular load associated with acute lung injury. ECMO may be a useful tool in reducing blood loss during major venous hemorrhage in both trauma and selected elective surgery.
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30.
  • Lepper, PM, et al. (författare)
  • Perception of prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Europe: an EuroELSO survey
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 35:1_suppl, s. 81-85
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The substantial increase in the number of patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation over the last decade has led to an evolution of indications and an expansion into wider patient groups. One of the unanticipated benefits of the increase in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been a change in the understanding of the natural history of many respiratory diseases. Development in technology and materials, reduced extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–specific complications, and improvement of critical care, in general, have facilitated longer extracorporeal membrane oxygenation runs, and the definition of prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was recently expanded to continuous support for more than 28 days. This survey aimed to describe European ECMO centers’ perception and arbitrary definition of prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, patient management, and futility. Of 94 center responses, 37% regarded 14-21 days, 30% 21-28 days, and 28% >28 days as prolonged treatment. Bridge to recovery (64%) or to transplantation (20%) was the most common causes. Awake, and ambulation while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was reported from 34% of the centers. In case of perceived futility, decision to withdraw was taken in 65% of the centers in agreement between profession and family and in 30% by profession only. One-fourth of the centers did not discontinue support. Large differences prevail among European ECMO centers concerning local perception and patient management in prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
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31.
  • Lindholm, J, et al. (författare)
  • Long-term ECMO treatment in Jehovah's Witness patient without transfusions
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 27:4, s. 332-334
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A previously healthy 60-year-old male presented with fever, general pain and a C-reactive protein (CRP) of 160 mg/L. He was prescribed doxycycline. In the emergency room three days later, he was intubated and had a saturation of 70% on 100% oxygen. The chest X-ray showed bilateral lobar pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumonia was later verified. As a Jehovah’s Witness, he had refused blood transfusions, but accepted albumin. Two days after admission, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) was started and the patient was then transported on ECMO to Stockholm. After two days, echocardiography showed right cardiac failure and the patient had to be converted to veno-arterial ECMO (VV-A ECMO) by cannulation of the left femoral artery. The haemoglobin decreased from 10.0 to 6.0 g/dL. Iron, folic acid, and erythropoietin were administered to stimulate erythropoesis. Romiplostim, to stimulate the production of platelets, was also started immediately. Blood samples were reduced to a minimum. The ECMO circuit was changed twice, using saline for priming, and the blood in the old circuit was then given back to the patient. The haemoglobin concentration varied between 4.5 and 6.0 g/dL during the ECMO treatment and the platelets between 80 and 140 x109/L. After 44 days on ECMO, the patient was weaned off ECMO with 50% oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) at 20ppm in the ventilator. Four days after decannulation, he was transferred to a nearby intensive care unit. Long-term ECMO treatment without transfusion of blood products is possible. Being a Jehovah’s Witness should not automatically be a contraindication for ECMO.
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32.
  • Lindholm, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Endogenous gas formation of carbon dioxide used for wound flooding : an experimental study with implications regarding gas microembolism during cardiopulmonary bypass
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 29:3, s. 242-248
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Gas microembolisation is an identified risk in cardiac surgery. Flooding the wound with carbon dioxide is a method proposed to reduce this problem. The high solubility of carbon dioxide is beneficial, but may also cause problems. The gas solubility diminishes at warming and endogenous bubbles are formed when cold blood saturated with carbon dioxide is returned by cardiotomy suction.METHODS: The release of endogenous gas was measured at high resolution in an experimental digital model. A medium (water or blood) was incubated and equilibrated with gas (100% carbon dioxide or air) at a low temperature (10°C or 23°C). The temperature was increased to 37°C and the gas release was measured, at rest and at fluid motion.RESULTS: The amount of carbon dioxide released at warming was substantial for both water and blood (both p=0.005). The effect was more pronounced when the temperature differential increased (p=0.005). However, blood and water differed in these terms: with water, the release of carbon-dioxide started instantly at warming; with blood, carbon dioxide remained dissolved and was released at fluid motion. When blood was warmed from 10°C to 37°C, the gas release corresponded to 44.4% (40.6/46.5) of the medium volume (median with quartile range).CONCLUSION: Gas dissolved in a medium becomes released at warming, as confirmed here. Blood exposed to carbon dioxide became heavily oversaturated at warming, with the gas instantly released at fluid motion. The amount of contained gas increased with a higher temperature differential. Our study has relevance to wound flushing, using carbon dioxide, in cardiac surgery. The clinical consequences of these findings remain to be answered.
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33.
  • Lund, Philip E., et al. (författare)
  • Comparison of two infusion rates of antithrombin concentrate in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 25:5, s. 305-312
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Antithrombin concentrate (AT) is used to treat heparin resistance (HR) in cardiac surgery. It is usually given slowly due to the fear of anaphylaxis. This may delay cardiac catheterisation and the start of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). HR is often defined as the failure to reach or maintain a target activated clotting time (ACT) despite a standard dose of heparin. It is not generally possible to predict which patients will display HR, although there are known risk factors. Routine early administration of AT before heparinisation is probably not cost-effective. Infusing AT relatively quickly after demonstrating HR may be more cost-effective, while not delaying surgery. The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and side effects of a faster infusion of AT. Methods: Forty patients undergoing elective heart surgery were included and randomised to two groups in a double-blind fashion. Each group received 1000 IU of AT intravenously (IV). One group received a slow infusion (100 IU/min) before full-dose heparinisation. The other group received a fast infusion (250 IU/min). Haemodynamic and respiratory data were recorded. Any adverse effects were noted. Thrombin-antithrombin, anti-Xa and antithrombin levels in plasma were measured. Results: No anaphylaxis occurred in either group. No differences were found regarding haemodynamics, respiration or laboratory results. Two patients experienced major haemorrhage and recovered; there were two deaths, thought to be unrelated to the study drugs. Conclusion: AT can be infused at a rate of 250 IU/min. This is faster than the current recommendation of 100 IU/min. This rate of infusion allows restricting AT infusion to those patients who display HR, without delaying surgery. Optimal anticoagulant therapy for CPB probably includes point-of-care measurement of ACT and plasma AT and small, but rapid, infusions of AT in heparin-resistant patients.
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34.
  • Lönnqvist, PA, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of pronounced haemodilution on the plasma protein binding of lidocaine
  • 1995
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 10:1, s. 17-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The effects of pronounced haemodilution on the protein binding of lidocaine was investigated in vitro in plasma from five healthy adult volunteers. The plasma was diluted with a phosphate buffer to reach a plasma protein concentration normally seen during paediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and protein binding was determined at a low (1.5 μg/ml) and a moderate (4 μg/ml) total plasma concentration of lidocaine. The effects of different haematocrits on plasma protein binding was also determined over the haematocrit range 20-60%. The binding of lidocaine was found to be inversely related to the degree of dilution, i.e. the free fraction increased significantly with increasing dilution (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the binding was dependent on the total plasma concentration of lidocaine, since a significantly higher percentage of free drug was found at the higher total lidocaine level (4 μg/ml) compared with the lower level (1.5 μg/ml) (p < 0.05). No significant difference in the free fraction of lidocaine could be found over the studied haematocrit range. The results of the present study indicate that plasma protein levels commonly associated with CPB in neonates and infants are associated with a significant increase in the free, unbound and pharmacologically active fraction of lidocaine compared with normal conditions. The use of commonly recommended dosages of lidocaine might result in toxic-free concentration in this setting.
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35.
  • Malfertheiner, MV, et al. (författare)
  • Ex vivo models for research in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review of the literature
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 35:1_suppl, s. 38-49
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • With ongoing progress of components of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation including improvements of oxygenators, pumps, and coating materials, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation became increasingly accepted in the clinical practice. A suitable testing in an adequate setup is essential for the development of new technical aspects. Relevant tests can be conducted in ex vivo models specifically designed to test certain aspects. Different setups have been used in the past for specific research questions. We conducted a systematic literature review of ex vivo models of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation components. MEDLINE and Embase were searched between January 1996 and October 2017. The inclusion criteria were ex vivo models including features of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technology. The exclusion criteria were clinical studies, abstracts, studies in which the model of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been reported previously, and studies not reporting on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation components. A total of 50 studies reporting on different ex vivo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation models have been identified from the literature search. Models have been grouped according to the specific research question they were designed to test for. The groups are focused on oxygenator performance, pump performance, hemostasis, and pharmacokinetics. Pre-clinical testing including use of ex vivo models is an important step in the development and improvement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation components and materials. Furthermore, ex vivo models offer valuable insights for clinicians to better understand the consequences of choice of components, setup, and management of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit in any given condition. There is a need to standardize the reporting of pre-clinical studies in this area and to develop best practice in their design.
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36.
  • Malfertheiner, SF, et al. (författare)
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during pregnancy and peripartal. An international retrospective multicenter study
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 38:5, s. 966-972
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) may be used in the setting of pregnancy or the peripartal period, however its utility has not been well-characterized. This study aims to give an overview on the prevalence of peripartel ECMO cases and further assess the indications and outcomes of ECMO in this setting across multiple centers and countries. Methods A retrospective, multicenter, international cohort study of pregnant and peripartum ECMO cases was performed. Data were collected from six ECMO centers across three continents over a 10-year period. Results A total of 60 pregnany/peripartal ECMO cases have been identified. Most frequent indications are acute respiratory distress syndrome ( n = 30) and pulmonary embolism ( n = 5). Veno-venous ECMO mode was applied more often (77%). ECMO treatment during pregnancy was performed in 17 cases. Maternal and fetal survival was high with 87% ( n = 52), respectively 73% ( n = 44). Conclusions Various emergency scenarios during pregnancy and at time of delivery may require ECMO treatment. Peripartal mortality in a well-resourced setting is rare, however emergencies in the labor room occur and knowledge of available rescue therapy is essential to improve outcome. Obstetricians and obstetric anesthesiologists should be aware of the availability of ECMO resource at their hospital or region to ensure immediate contact when needed.
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37.
  • Malmqvist, Gunnar, et al. (författare)
  • Cardiopulmonary bypass prime composition : beyond crystalloids versus colloids
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 34:2, s. 130-135
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: In the literature addressing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) prime composition, there is a considerable lack of discussion concerning plasma osmolality changes induced by using a hyperosmolar prime. With this study, we try to determine the magnitude and temporal relationship of plasma osmolality changes related to the use of a hyperosmolar CPB prime.METHOD: In this prospective observational study performed in a university hospital setting, we enrolled thirty patients scheduled for elective coronary bypass surgery. Plasma osmolality was analysed on eight occasions. A hyperosmolar CPB prime was used.RESULTS: Analyses of the perioperative plasma osmolality on eight occasions gave the following results: the preoperative osmolality level was normal (297±4 mOsm/kg); a significant increase to 322±17 mOsm/kg (p<0.001) was observed at the commencement of CPB and remained elevated after 30 minutes (310±4 mOsm/kg) and throughout the procedure (309±4 mOsm/kg); the osmolality level returned to 291±5 mOsm/kg on day 1 postoperatively and remained normal the following day (291±6 mOsm/kg).CONCLUSIONS: Use of hyperosmolar CPB prime resulted in a dramatic and instant elevation of the plasma osmolality. Rapid changes in plasma osmolality are associated with organ dysfunction (e.g. osmotic demyelination syndrome), therefore, effects on plasma osmolality related to the CPB prime composition should be recognised. Influence on organ function and clinical outcome warrants further investigations. - Clinical Trials.gov (NCT03060824). Changes in Plasma Osmolality Related to the Use of Cardiopulmonary Bypass With Hyperosmolar Prime. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03060824?term=cpb&cond=osmolality&rank=1.
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38.
  • Mazimba, S, et al. (författare)
  • Coronary perfusion pressure is associated with adverse outcomes in advanced heart failure
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 38:7, s. 1492-1500
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Myocardial perfusion is an important determinant of cardiac function. We hypothesized that low coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) would be associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure. Myocardial perfusion impacts the contractile efficiency thus a low CPP would signal low myocardial perfusion in the face of increased cardiac demand as a result of volume overload. Methods We analyzed patients with complete hemodynamic data in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness trial using Cox Proportional Hazards regression for the primary outcome of the composite risk of death, heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device [(LVAD). DT × LVAD] and the secondary outcome of the composite risk of DT × LVAD and heart failure hospitalization (DT × LVADHF). CPP was calculated as the difference between diastolic blood pressure and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Heart failure categories (ischemic vs non-ischemic) were also stratified based on CPP strata. Results The 158 patients (56.7 ± 13.6 years, 28.5% female) studied had a median CPP of 40 mmHg (IQR 35–52 mmHg). During 6 months of follow-up, 35 (22.2%) had the composite primary outcome and 109 (69.0%) had the composite secondary outcome. When these outcomes were then stratified based on the median, CPP was associated with these outcomes. Increasing CPP was associated with lower risk of both the primary outcome of DT × LVAD (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.99 p = .002) and as well as the secondary outcome of DT × LVADHF ( p = .0008) There was significant interaction between CPP and ischemic etiology ( p = .04). Conclusion A low coronary artery perfusion pressure below (median) 40mmHg in patients with advanced heart failure undergoing invasive hemodynamic monitoring with a pulmonary artery catheter was associated with adverse outcomes. CPP could useful in guiding risk stratification of advanced heart failure patients and timely evaluation of advanced heart failure therapies.
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39.
  • Meuwese, CL, et al. (författare)
  • The hemodynamic effect of different left ventricular unloading techniques during veno-arterial extracorporeal life support: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 35:7, s. 664-671
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pulmonary edema and left ventricular thrombosis may arise during veno-arterial extracorporeal life support due to an increase in cardiac load. This mechanical stress can be reduced through different left ventricular unloading techniques. We set out to quantitatively summarize the hemodynamic effects of available methods in patients treated with veno-arterial extracorporeal life support. Methods: Literature was systematically searched for studies reporting left ventricular unloading during veno-arterial extracorporeal life support as reflected by changes in left atrial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, diastolic pulmonary artery pressure, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. For studies including ⩾10 patients per group, changes in these parameters were pooled using (1) standardized mean differences and (2) ratio of means. Assessment of potential bias was performed for all studies. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Reported techniques included use of intra-aortic balloon pump (n = 1), micro-axial blood pump (Impella®, n = 2), left ventricular venting (n = 1), and atrial septostomy (n = 4). Overall, left ventricular unloading was associated with a statistically significant reduction in preload parameters (standardized mean differences = −1.05 (95% confidence interval = −1.24 to −0.86) and ratio of means = 0.60 (0.47 to 0.76)). Effect sizes were strongest for micro-axial blood pump and atrial septostomy (standardized mean differences = −1.11 (−1.55 to −0.68) and −1.22 (−1.47 to −0.96), and ratio of means = 0.58 (0.39 to 0.86) and 0.54 (0.36 to 0.83), respectively). Conclusion: Left ventricular unloading was associated with a significant reduction in left ventricular preload parameters in the setting of veno-arterial extracorporeal life support. This effect may be most pronounced for micro-axial blood pump and atrial septostomy.
  •  
40.
  • Moen, Oddvar, et al. (författare)
  • Differences in blood activation related to roller/centrifugal pumps and heparin-coated/uncoated surfaces in a cardiopulmonary bypass model circuit
  • 1996
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 11:2, s. 113-123
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An in vitro model cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit consisting ot tubing, oxygenator and venous reservoirs with either a roller or a centrifugal pump, and with either heparin-coated (Carmeda Bioactive Surface, CBAS) or uncoated surfaces, was studied with respect to 'blood activation', using small-scale-based blood volume (450 + 500 ml). Sixteen circuits were tested in each pump group, eight with and eight without heparin-coated surfaces, by circulating heparinized fresh human blood for 72 hours at 30 degrees C. Blood plasma, sampled at defined intervals, was analysed for haemolysis (lactate dehydrogenase and potassium), complement activation (C3bc and C5b-9 (TCC)), complement lytic inhibitors (vitronectin and clusterin), coagulation activation (fibrinopeptide A), granulocyte (lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase) and platelet (beta-thromboglobulin) activation and contaminating endotoxin. The heparin coating significantly reduced the concentrations of C3bc, TCC, fibrinopeptide A, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and beta-thromboglobulin. The two pump types did not differ with respect to these parameters, but the roller pump caused significantly higher increases in plasma LDH and potassium and significantly greater reductions in clusterin and vitronectin than the centrifugal pump. Endotoxin concentration was low at the start and after 24 hours in all groups. These results confirm that heparin-coated CPB surfaces reduce blood activation, and suggest that centrifugal pumps cause less haemolysis and less reduction in lytic complement inhibitors than roller pumps.
  •  
41.
  • Nyman, J, et al. (författare)
  • Does CO(2) flushing of the empty CPB circuit decrease the number of gaseous emboli in the prime?
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 24:4, s. 249-255
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Twenty (20) CPB-circuits were randomized to a CO2 group or a control group. In the CO 2 group, each circuit was flushed with CO2 (10L/min) at the top of the venous reservoir for 5 minutes, after which priming fluid was added without interruption of the CO2 inflow. Control group circuits were not flushed and contained air. A perfusionist, blinded to the study, started the pump (5L/min), ventilated the oxygenator (3L O2/min), and knocked on the oxygenator 20 times during the first and 14th minutes. Arterial line microemboli counts were registered with a Doppler for 15 minutes. In both groups, the median number of microemboli was highest during the first minute, 380.5 (288.75/422.25, 25th/75th percentile) counts in the control group versus 264.5 (171.75/422.25) counts in the CO 2 group (p=0.01). Throughout the experiment, the median microembolic count minute by minute in the CO2 group remained lower (p≤ 0 .004) than in the control group. Knocking on the reservoir (14th minute) increased the microemboli counts in both groups (p<0.01). The median values during the 15th minute were 15.5 and 0.5 in the control and the CO2 groups, respectively, which were 9% (15.5/173) and 0.5% (0.5/87), respectively, of the values registered after 14 minutes. In conclusion, CO 2 flushing of the empty circuit decreases the number of gaseous emboli in the prime compared with a conventional circuit that contains air before being primed with fluid. Knocking of the oxygenator releases gaseous emboli and the duration of re-circulating the circuit with prime influences the number of microemboli.
  •  
42.
  • Olsson, Anki, et al. (författare)
  • Better platelet function, less fibrinolysis and less hemolysis in re-transfused residual pump blood with the Ringer’s chase technique : a randomized pilot study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 33:3, s. 185-193
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Residual pump blood from the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit is often collected into an infusion bag (IB) and re-transfused. An alternative is to chase the residual blood into the circulation through the arterial cannula with Ringer’s acetate. Our aim was to assess possible differences in hemostatic blood quality between these two techniques.Methods: Forty adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery with CPB were randomized to receive the residual pump blood by either an IB or through the Ringer’s chase (RC) technique. Platelet activation and function (impedance aggregometry), coagulation and hemolysis variables were assessed in the re-transfused blood and in the patients before, during and after surgery. Results are presented as median (25-75 quartiles).Results: Total hemoglobin and platelet levels in the re-transfused blood were comparable with the two methods, as were soluble platelet activation markers P-selectin and soluble glycoprotein VI (GPVI). Platelet aggregation (U) in the IB blood was significantly lower compared to the RC blood, with the agonists adenosine diphosphate (ADP) 24 (10-32) vs 46 (33-65), p<0.01, thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) 50 (29-73) vs 69 (51-92), p=0.04 and collagen 24 (17-28) vs 34 (26-59), p<0.01. The IB blood had higher amounts of free hemoglobin (mg/L) (1086 (891-1717) vs 591(517-646), p<0.01) and D-dimer 0.60 (0.33-0.98) vs 0.3 (0.3-0.48), p<0.01. Other coagulation variables showed no difference between the groups. Conclusions: The handling of blood after CPB increases hemolysis, impairs platelet function and activates coagulation and fibrinolysis. The RC technique preserved the blood better than the commonly used IB technique.
  •  
43.
  • Palmer, K, et al. (författare)
  • Carmeda surface heparinization in neonatal ECMO systems: long-term experiments in a sheep model
  • 1995
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 10:5, s. 307-13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The thromboresistance in three Carmeda (Stockholm, Sweden) heparin- coated neonatal ECMO systems with a runtime of 45, 56 and 96 hours, respectively, and three noncoated systems with a runtime of 12, 42 and 66 hours, respectively, were compared using a sheep model. The flow rate was 200 ml/min and the activated clotting time (ACT) was kept at approximately 120 seconds. At the end of the experiment, the heparin-coated systems only contained minimal clotting while the controls showed major clotting in the entire system. Fibrin monomers were not detected until after 24 hours in the heparin- coated group, but demonstrated within 60 minutes in the noncoated group. It is concluded that the Carmeda heparin coating has a thromboresistant effect, and may be used to reduce the need for systemic heparinization in ECMO treatment of neonates.
  •  
44.
  • Pierre, Leif, et al. (författare)
  • Is it possible to further improve the function of pulmonary grafts by extending the duration of lung reconditioning using ex vivo lung perfusion?
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 28:4, s. 322-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The method of ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has been suggested as a reliable means of differentiating between "good" and "poor" pulmonary grafts in marginal donors as, when grafts identified as good by this method are transplanted, the results do not differ from those using lungs fulfilling standard criteria. The EVLP method is also thought to improve pulmonary grafts by reducing lung edema and eliminating lung atelectasis. In the present study, we investigated whether the pulmonary graft could be further improved by extending the duration of EVLP.Methods and Materials:Six Landrace pigs were used. The lungs were reconditioned and evaluated, using the EVLP method, as double lungs. After the initial evaluation, EVLP was continued for a further 90 minutes. RESULTS: The arterial oxygen level (pO(2)) was 60.8 ± 4.8 kPa after the standard 60 minutes of EVLP and 67.1 ± 2.2 kPa after 150 minutes (p = 0.48). The pulmonary vascular resistance was 453 ± 78 dyne*s/cm(5) after 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes of EVLP (p = 1.0). The pulmonary artery pressure was 17.8 ± 1.0 mmHg after 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes of EVLP (p = 1.0) and the pulmonary artery flow was 3.5 ± 0.4 l/min after 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes of EVLP (p = 1.0). The mean weight of the pulmonary grafts after harvesting was 574 ± 20 g at the beginning of EVLP 541 ± 24 g and, after 150 min of EVLP, 668 ± 33 (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The blood gases and hemodynamic parameters in the pulmonary grafts did not improve as a result of the extra 90 minutes of EVLP. However, the weight of the pulmonary graft increased significantly with increasing duration of EVLP, indicating lung perfusion injury.
  •  
45.
  • Seilitz, Jenny, 1978-, et al. (författare)
  • Perioperative intraperitoneal metabolic markers in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass : an exploratory pilot study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 34:7, s. 552-560
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass and postoperative cardiac dysfunction cause splanchnic hypoperfusion resulting in intra-abdominal anaerobic metabolism and risk for gastrointestinal complications. The intra-abdominal metabolism can be monitored by intraperitoneal measurement of relevant metabolites using microdialysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the intraperitoneal metabolism using microdialysis during and after cardiopulmonary bypass at 34°C.METHODS: In six patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass, microdialysis was used to measure intraperitoneal and subcutaneous glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol and glutamate concentrations, intraoperatively and up to 36 hours postoperatively. Arterial and central venous blood gases were analysed as were haemodynamics and the development of complications.RESULTS: All patients had an ordinary perioperative course and did not develop gastrointestinal complications. The arterial, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous lactate concentrations changed during the perioperative course with differences between compartments. The highest median (interquartile range) concentration was recorded in the intraperitoneal compartment at 1 hour after the end of cardiopulmonary bypass (2.1 (1.9-2.5) mM compared to 1.3 (1.2-1.7) mM and 1.5 (1.0-2.2) mM in the arterial and subcutaneous compartments, respectively). In parallel with the peak increase in lactate concentration, the intraperitoneal lactate/pyruvate ratio was elevated to 33.4 (12.9-54.1).CONCLUSION: In cardiac surgery, intraperitoneal microdialysis detected changes in the abdominal metabolic state, which were more pronounced than could be shown by arterial blood gas analysis. Despite an uneventful perioperative course, patients undergoing low-risk surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass might be subjected to a limited and subclinical intra-abdominal anaerobic state.
  •  
46.
  • Svenmarker, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • A retrospective analysis of the mixed venous oxygen saturation as the target for systemic blood flow control during cardiopulmonary bypass
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 33:6, s. 453-462
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The patient's body surface area serves as the traditional reference for the determination of systemic blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). New strategies refer to different algorithms of oxygen delivery. This study reports on the mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) as the target for systemic blood flow control. We hypothesise that an SvO2>75% (S(v)O(2)75) is associated with better preservation of renal function and improved short-term survival.Methods: This retrospective, 10-year, observational study analysed 6945 consecutive cardiac surgical cases requiring CPB. Endpoints included rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) and short-term survival, also the estimated glomerular filtration rate ((e)GFR), lactate levels and blood transfusions.Results: Seventy-seven percent of the patients attained the S(v)O(2)75 target. For this group, the median SvO2 was 78.1 (5.8) %, with a mean oxygen delivery of 331 (78) ml/min per m(2) body surface area. Overall incidence of AKI levels (I-III): 7.5% - 2.6% - 0.6%. Incidence of (e)GFR (<50%): 3.9%, increasing to 6% for haemoglobin levels <80 g/L (p<0.001). Red cell transfusion was more frequent (p<0.001) within this group (30.6%) compared to levels >100 g/L (0.3%). Further, women (52.8%) were transfused more often than men (14.6%). Lactate level at weaning from CPB was 1.3 (0.7) mmol/L. The S(v)O(2)75 target demonstrated a relative risk reduction of 22.5% (p=0.032) for AKI (I), increasing to 32.3% (p=0.026) for procedures extending >90 minutes. In addition, the risk for death 90-days postop was lower (p=0.039).Conclusion: The S(v)O(2)75 target showed a decreased risk for postoperative AKI and prolonged short-term survival. Good clinical outcomes were also linked to measures of lactate and the (e)GFR. However, anaemia remains a risk factor for AKI.
  •  
47.
  • Svenmarker, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of pericardial suction blood retransfusion on memory function and release of protein S100B
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 19:6, s. 337-343
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: To study the influence of pericardial suction blood (PSB) on postoperative memory disturbances and release patterns of protein S100B during and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Sixty male patients admitted for coronary artery bypass surgery were prospectively randomized to receive PSB either by using conventional cardiotomy suction retransfusion or after cell-saver processing. Results: The concentration of S100B rose during the period of CPB from 0.065 ± 0.004 to 0.24 ± 0.001 μg/L (p <0.001). PSB contained 18.0 ± 1.7 μg/L of S100B. Direct retransfusion from the cardiotomy reservoir made the systemic level increase to 1.42 ± 0.19 μg/L compared to 0.25±0.02 μg/L using a cell-saver. Signs of postoperative memory dysfunction (>1 SD) were discovered in one of three tests, but were unrelated to technique of retransfusion. No associations were found between serum concentrations of S100B and memory function. Conclusion: In this study, retransfusion of PSB during cardiac surgery appeared not to cause memory disturbances. PSB contained high concentrations of protein S100B making its use as a marker of cerebral injury unsuitable. © Arnold 2004.
  •  
48.
  • Svenmarker, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Plasma hyperosmolality during cardiopulmonary bypass is a risk factor for postoperative acute kidney injury : results from double blind randomised controlled trial
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : Sage Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The study objective was to investigate whether a Ringer’s acetate based priming solution with addition of Mannitol and sodium concentrate increases the risk of cardiac surgery associated kidney injury (CSA-AKI).Methods: This is a double blind, prospective randomized controlled trial from a single tertiary teaching hospital in Sweden including patients aged ≥65 years (n = 195) admitted for routine cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients in the study group received Ringer’s acetate 1000 mL + 400 mL Mannitol (60 g) + sodium chloride 40 mL (160 mmol) and heparin 2 mL (10 000 IU) 966 mOsmol (n = 98), while patients in the control group received Ringer’s acetate 1400 mL + heparin 2 mL (10 000 IU), 388 mOsmol (n = 97) as pump prime. Acute kidney injury was analysed based on the Kidney Disease Improving Outcomes (KDIGO 1-3) definition.Results: The overall incidence of CSA-AKI (KDIGO stage 1) was 2.6% on day 1 in the ICU and 5.6% on day 3, postoperatively. The serum creatinine level did not show any postoperative intergroup differences, when compared to baseline preoperative values. Six patients in the Ringer and five patients in the Mannitol group developed CSA-AKI (KDIGO 1-3), all with glomerular filtration rates <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. These patients showed significantly higher plasma osmolality levels compared to preoperative values. Hyperosmolality together with patient age and the duration of the surgery were independent risk factors for postoperative acute kidney injury (KDIGO 1-3).Conclusions: The use of a hyperosmolar prime solution did not increase the incidence of postoperative CSA-AKI in this study, while high plasma osmolality alone increased the associated risk by 30%. The data suggests further examination of plasma hyperosmolality as a relative risk factor of CSA-AKI.
  •  
49.
  • Thomassen, Sisse Anette, et al. (författare)
  • Cerebral blood flow measured by positron emission tomography during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass : an experimental porcine study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 33:5, s. 346-353
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and/or pump flow during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are the most important factors of cerebral perfusion. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of CPB blood flow on cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) using O-15-labelled water with no pharmacological interventions to maintain the MAP.Methods: Eight pigs (69-71 kg) were connected to normothermic CPB. After 60 minutes (min) with a CPB pump flow of 60 mL/kg/min, the pigs were changed to either 35 mL/kg/min or 47.5 mL/kg/min for 60 min and, thereafter, all the pigs returned to 60 mL/kg/min for another 60 min. The MAP was measured continuously and the CBF was measured by positron emission tomography (PET) during spontaneous circulation and at each CPB pump flow after 30 min of steady state.Results: Two pigs were excluded due to complications. CBF increased from spontaneous circulation to a CPB pump flow of 60 mL/kg/min. A reduction in CPB pump flow to 47.5 mL/kg/min (n=3) resulted in only minor changes in CBF while a reduction to 35 mL/kg/min (n=3) caused a pronounced change (correlation coefficient (R-2) 0.56). A return of CPB pump flow to 60 mL/kg/min was followed by an increase in CBF, except in the one pig with the lowest CBF during low flow (R-2=0.44). CBF and MAP were not correlated (R-2=0.20).Conclusion: In this experimental porcine study, a relationship was observed between pump flow and CBF under normothermic low-flow CPB. The effect of low pump flow on MAP showed substantial variations, with no correlation between CBF and MAP.
  •  
50.
  • Thomassen, Sisse Anette, et al. (författare)
  • Regional muscle tissue saturation is an indicator of global inadequate circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass : a randomized porcine study using muscle, intestinal and brain tissue metabolomics
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 0267-6591 .- 1477-111X. ; 32:3, s. 192-199
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Muscle tissue saturation (StO(2)) measured with near-infrared spectroscopy has generally been considered a measurement of the tissue microcirculatory condition. However, we hypothesized that StO2 could be more regarded as a fast and reliable measure of global than of regional circulatory adequacy and tested this with muscle, intestinal and brain metabolomics at normal and two levels of low cardiopulmonary bypass blood flow rates in a porcine model. Methods: Twelve 80 kg pigs were connected to normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with a blood flow of 60 mL/kg/min for one hour, reduced randomly to 47.5 mL/kg/min (Group I) or 35 mL/kg/min (Group II) for one hour followed by one hour of 60 mL/kg/min in both groups. Regional StO(2) was measured continuously above the musculus gracilis (non-cannulated leg). Metabolomics were obtained by brain tissue oxygen monitoring system (Licox) measurements of the brain and microdialysis perfusate from the muscle, intestinal mucosa and brain. A non-parametric statistical method was used. Results: The systemic parameters showed profound systemic ischaemia during low CPB blood flow. StO(2) did not change markedly in Group I, but in Group II, StO(2) decreased immediately when blood flow was reduced and, furthermore, was not restored despite blood flow being normalized. Changes in the metabolomics from the muscle, colon and brain followed the changes in StO(2). Conclusion: We found, in this experimental cardiopulmonary bypass model, that StO(2) reacted rapidly when the systemic circulation became inadequate and, furthermore, reliably indicate insufficient global tissue perfusion even when the systemic circulation was restored after a period of systemic hypoperfusion.
  •  
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