| 1. |
- Abdal, Noman, et al.
(författare)
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Salinity mitigates cadmium-induced phytotoxicity in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) by limiting the Cd uptake and improved responses to oxidative stress : implications for phytoremediation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 45:1, s. 171-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cadmium (Cd) contamination and soil salinity are the main environmental issues reducing crop productivity. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of salinity (NaCl) and Cd on the physiological and biochemical attributes of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). For this purpose, 30-day-old plants of quinoa genotype “Puno” were transplanted in Hoagland's nutrient solution containing diverse concentrations of Cd: 0, 50, 100, 200 µM Cd, and salinity: 0, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Results demonstrated that plant growth, stomatal conductance, and pigment contents were significantly lower at all Cd concentrations than the control plants. Quinoa plants exhibited improved growth and tolerance against Cd when grown at a lower level of salinity (150 mM NaCl) combined with Cd. In contrast, the elevated concentration of salinity (300 mM NaCl) combined with Cd reduced shoot and root growth of experimental plants more than 50%. Combined application of salinity and Cd increased Na (25-fold), while lessened the Cd (twofold) and K (1.5-fold) uptake. A blend of high concentrations of Na and Cd caused overproduction of H2O2 (eightfold higher than control) contents and triggered lipid peroxidation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes: ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were 13, 12, 7 and ninefold higher than control to mitigate the oxidative stress. Due to restricted root to shoot translocation, and greater tolerance potential against Cd, the quinoa genotype, Puno, is suitable for phytostabilization of Cd in saline soils.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Risk assessment of high concentrations of molybdenum in forage
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 4:6, s. 2685-2694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molybdenum is toxic to ruminants when present in high levels in forage, causing physiological copper deficiency. A critical level for ruminants is 3–10 mg Mo kg−1 dry matter. The average Mo level varies considerably between different arable soils, depending mainly on soil parent material. This study investigated the possibility of using various existing sources of geospatial information (geophysical, biogeochemical and soil chemical) to develop a geography-based risk assessment system. Forage samples (n = 173) were collected in 2006–2007. Three types of national geoscientific datasets were tested: (1) SEPA topsoil, comprising data from arable land within the Swedish environmental monitoring programme; (2) SGU biogeochemical, containing data from aquatic plant root material collected in small streams; and (3) SGU geophysical, consisting of data from airborne gamma-ray scanning. The digital postcode area map was used for geocoding, with Mo concentrations in forage assigned to arable parts of the corresponding postcode area. By combining this with the three national geoscientific databases, it was possible to construct a risk map using fuzzy classification depicting High-risk, Intermediate-risk, Low-risk and Very-low-risk areas. The map was validated using 42 randomly selected samples. All samples but one with Mo > 3 mg kg−1 were found in postcode areas designated High risk. Thus, the risk map developed seems to be useful as a decision support system on where standard forage analyses need to be supplemented with Mo analyses.
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| 3. |
- Battaleb-Looie, Sedigheh, et al.
(författare)
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Geological sources of fluoride and acceptable intake of fluoride in an endemic fluorosis area, southern Iran
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 34:5, s. 641-650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study is the first attempt to put forward possible source(s) of fluoride in the Dashtestan area, Bushehr Province, southern Iran. In response to reports on the high incidence of dental fluorosis, 35 surface and groundwater samples were collected and analysed for fluoride. The results indicate that dissolved fluoride in the study area is above the maximum permissible limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). An additional 35 soil and rock samples were also collected and analysed for fluoride, and rock samples were subjected to petrographic investigations and X-ray diffraction. The results of these analyses show that the most likely source for fluoride in the groundwater is from clay minerals (chlorite) and micas (muscovite, sericite, and biotite) in the soils and rocks in the area. We also note that due to the high average temperatures all year round and excessive water consumption in the area, the optimum fluoride dose level should be lower than that recommended by the WHO.
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| 4. |
- Bhattacharya, Prosun, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater chemistry and arsenic mobilization in the Holocene flood plains in south-central Bangladesh
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 31, s. 23-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparative study of arsenic enrichment in the Bengal Delta (BD) was carried Out in three alluvial aquifers in south-central Bangladesh. Investigated sites included Sonargaon in Narayanganj, Chandina in Comilla and Sirajdikhan in Munshiganj districts. At all sites samples from different depths were collected, and water chemistry and redox status vs. depth trends were determined. The concentrations of DOC and HCO3- were highest at Sirajdikhan site, while at the Sonargaon and Chandina sites the concentrations were lower. On the contrary, the NH4+ concentration was high at the Chandina site as compared to the other sites. There was a good match between dissolved As and Fe at the Sirajdikhan and Sonargaon sites, but not at the Chandina site. The dissolved aqueous concentration of Mn was low at the Chandina site, which suggested that the Mn(IV) redox buffering step was missing. Speciation modeling indicated a possibility of siderite precipitation at all sites, but precipitation of rhodochrosite only at the Sonargaon and Sirajdikhan sites. At the Sirajdikhan site, the log P-CO2 values were very high (-1.37), which revealed the production Of CO2 in redox processes. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated an impact of sea water and redox status of different samples. These results suggest that the dissolved As is de-coupled from dissolved Mn because when released, As is re-adsorbed onto the Fe(Ill) minerals in solid phase, as well as from dissolved Fe when precipitation of Fe(II) minerals controls the aqueous concentrations of Fe. In addition, several other concurrent redox processes may exert kinetic constraints depending on refractory characteristics of Fe(II) minerals.
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| 5. |
- Bindler, Richard
(författare)
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Contaminated lead environments of man : reviewing the lead isotopic evidence in sediments, peat, and soils for the temporal and spatial patterns of atmospheric lead pollution in Sweden.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 33:4, s. 311-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clair Patterson and colleagues demonstrated already four decades ago that the lead cycle was greatly altered on a global scale by humans. Moreover, this change occurred long before the implementation of monitoring programs designed to study lead and other trace metals. Patterson and colleagues also developed stable lead isotope analyses as a tool to differentiate between natural and pollution-derived lead. Since then, stable isotope analyses of sediment, peat, herbaria collections, soils, and forest plants have given us new insights into lead biogeochemical cycling in space and time. Three important conclusions from our studies of lead in the Swedish environment conducted over the past 15 years, which are well supported by extensive results from elsewhere in Europe and in North America, are: (1) lead deposition rates at sites removed from major point sources during the twentieth century were about 1,000 times higher than natural background deposition rates a few thousand years ago (~10 mg Pb m(-2) year(-1) vs. 0.01 mg Pb m(-2) year(-1)), and even today (~1 mg Pb m(-2) year(-1)) are still almost 100 times greater than natural rates. This increase from natural background to maximum fluxes is similar to estimated changes in body burdens of lead from ancient times to the twentieth century. (2) Stable lead isotopes ((206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios shown in this paper) are an effective tool to distinguish anthropogenic lead from the natural lead present in sediments, peat, and soils for both the majority of sites receiving diffuse inputs from long range and regional sources and for sites in close proximity to point sources. In sediments >3,500 years and in the parent soil material of the C-horizon, (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios are higher, 1.3 to >2.0, whereas pollution sources and surface soils and peat have lower ratios that have been in the range 1.14-1.18. (3) Using stable lead isotopes, we have estimated that in southern Sweden the cumulative anthropogenic burden of atmospherically deposited lead is ~2-5 g Pb m(-2) and ~1 g Pb m(-2) in the "pristine" north. Half of this cumulative total was deposited before industrialization. (4) In the vicinity of the Rönnskär smelter in northern Sweden, a major point source during the twentieth century, there is an isotopic pattern that deviates from the general trends elsewhere, reflecting the particular history of ore usage at Rönnskär, which further demonstrates the chronological record of lead loading recorded in peat and in soil mor horizons.
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| 6. |
- Bundschuh, Jochen, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting arsenic-safe aquifers for drinking water supplies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 32:4, s. 307-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, 70 countries worldwide are affected by groundwater contamination by arsenic (As) released from predominantly geogenic sources. Consequently, the As problem is becoming a global issue. The option to target As-safe aquifers, which uses geological, geochemical, hydrogeological, morphological and climatic similarities to delimit As-safe aquifers, appears as a sustainable mitigation option. Two pilot areas, Meghna Flood Plain in Matlab Upazila, representative of Bengal Delta in Bangladesh, and Rio Dulce Alluvial Cone, representing a typical aquifer setting in the Chaco-Pampean Plain in Argentina groundwater As occurrence, were compared. In rural Bangladesh, As removal techniques have been provided to the population, but with low social acceptance. In contrast, "targeting As-safe aquifers" was socially accepted in Bangladesh, where sediment color could be used to identify As-safe aquifer zones and to install safe wells. The investigation in Argentina is more complex because of very different conditions and sources of As. Targeting As-safe aquifers could be a sustainable option for many rural areas and isolated peri-urban areas.
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| 7. |
- Chan, Wing Sze, et al.
(författare)
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Metal accumulations in aquatic organisms and health risks in an acid mine-affected site in South China
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Nature. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 43:11, s. 4415-4440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal contamination from base metal sulphide mines is a major environmental challenge that poses many ecological and health risks. We examined the metal concentrations in the Dabaoshan mine in South China in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms and their specific characteristics (i.e. size, body tissue, species, and habitat) along the Hengshi and Wengjiang River courses to assess acid mine drainage remediation efforts. Metal concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, thallium, and zinc were examined in tissues (i.e. gills, intestines, and muscles) of 17 freshwater species of fish, shrimps, and crabs. Metals in tissues followed the trend: intestines > gills > muscles; nearly all intestine samples exceeded the safe limits of metals analysed in this study. There is a positive correlation between distance from the mine and metal concentrations related to the flow of surface water and the habitat of aquatic organisms. The concentrations of arsenic, copper, and zinc were the highest in aquatic organisms, and the distribution was influenced by physical (distance from mine, currents, and seasonality), chemical (pH and competing ions), and biological (species, habitat, and predator-prey relation) factors. Large demersal fish and benthic fauna had higher concentrations of metals. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of metals, as well as the high metal pollution index and target hazard quotient (arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc), occurred in bottom feeders (C. aumtus, X. argentea) and fish belonging to higher trophic levels (P. fulvidraco, O. mossambicus). Lead and cadmium indicated the highest level of biomagnification from prey to predator. Health risks exist from the dietary intake of common aquatic species such as tilapia and carp besides crustaceans due to high arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium levels. Further reduction of metals is necessary to improve the effects of acid mine drainage in the catchment.
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| 8. |
- Conrad, S. R., et al.
(författare)
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Assessing pesticide, trace metal, and arsenic contamination in soils and dam sediments in a rapidly expanding horticultural area in Australia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 43, s. 3189-3211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial horticulture can release pesticides and trace metals/metalloids to terrestrial and aquatic environments. To assess long-term and more recent land contamination from an expanding horticultural region, we sampled soils from chemical mixing, crop production, and drainage areas, as well as retention reservoirs (dam) sediments, from 3 blueberry farms with varying land-use history in subtropical Australia. Soils were analysed for 97 different pesticides and trace metal/metalloid contents. The most recent farm had fungicides propiconazole and cyprodinil contents that may compromise soil invertebrate survival and/or nutrient recycling (5-125 mg kg(-1)). A site previously used to cultivate bananas had 6 dam sediment subsamples with arsenic contents over sediment quality guidelines (SQG); however, the soil content values were just below Australian health investigation levels (100 mg kg(-1)). Arsenic is suspected to originate from pesticide application during previous banana cultivation in the region. Dam sediment cores at all sites had mercury contents over the SQG likely due to fungicides or fertiliser impurities. Mean contents of mercury from dam sediments (141 +/- 15.5 mu g kg(-1)) were greater than terrestrial soils (78 +/- 6.5 mu g kg(-1)), and sediment profiles suggest mercury retention in anoxic sediments. Soils in chemical mixing areas at two sites were contaminated with copper and zinc which were above the national soil ecological investigation levels. Based on toxicity data, distribution, persistence, and mobility, we identified the fungicide cyprodinil, mercury, and phosphorus as contaminants of the greatest concern in this intensive horticulture area of Australia. Additional sampling (spatial, chemical speciation, biotic) is required to support mitigation efforts of the emerging contamination in the rapidly expanding blueberry farms of this region of Australia.
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| 9. |
- Hao, Yanfen, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution, seasonal variation and inhalation risks of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the atmosphere of Beijing, China
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 40:5, s. 1907-1918
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spatial distribution, seasonal variation and potential inhalation risks of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in the atmosphere of Beijing, using passive air samplers equipped with polyurethane foam disks. Concentrations of ΣPCDD/Fs, ΣPCBs and ΣPBDEs ranged from 8.4 to 179 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m(3), 38.6-139 and 1.5-176 pg/m(3), respectively. PCDFs showed higher air concentrations than those of PCDDs, indicating the influence of industrial activities and other combustion processes. The non-Aroclor congener, PCB-11, was detected in air (12.3-99.4 pg/m(3)) and dominated the PCB congener profiles (61.7-71.5% to ∑PCBs). The congener patterns of PBDEs showed signatures from both penta-BDE and octa-BDE products. Levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs at the industrial and residential sites were higher than those at rural site, indicating human activities in urban area as potential sources. Higher air concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs were observed in summer, which could be associated with atmospheric deposition process, re-volatilization from soil surface and volatilization from use of technical products, respectively. Results of inhalation exposure and cancer risk showed that atmospheric PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and PBDEs did not cause high risks to the local residents of Beijing. This study provides further aid in evaluating emission sources, influencing factors and potential inhalation risks of the persistent organic pollutants to human health in mega-cities of China.
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| 10. |
- Hillier, Stephen
(författare)
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Geophagy among East African Chimpanzees: consumed soils provide protection from plant secondary compounds and bioavailable iron
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 41, s. 2911-2927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geophagy, the intentional consumption of earth materials, has been recorded in humans and other animals. It has been hypothesized that geophagy is an adaptive behavior, and that clay minerals commonly found in eaten soil can provide protection from toxins and/or supplement micronutrients. To test these hypotheses, we monitored chimpanzee geophagy using camera traps in four permanent sites at the Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda, from October 2015-October 2016. We also collected plants, and soil chimpanzees were observed eating. We analyzed 10 plant and 45 soil samples to characterize geophagic behavior and geophagic soil and determine (1) whether micronutrients are available from the soil under physiological conditions and if iron is bioavailable, (2) the concentration of phenolic compounds in plants, and (3) if consumed soils are able to adsorb these phenolics. Chimpanzees ate soil and drank clay-infused water containing 1:1 and 2:1 clay minerals and > 30% sand. Under physiological conditions, the soils released calcium, iron, and magnesium. In vitro Caco-2 experiments found that five times more iron was bioavailable from three of four soil samples found at the base of trees. Plant samples contained approximately 60 mu g/mg gallic acid equivalent. Soil from one site contained 10 times more 2:1 clay minerals, which were better at removing phenolics present in their diet. We suggest that geophagy may provide bioavailable iron and protection from phenolics, which have increased in plants over the last 20 years. In summary, geophagy within the Sonso community is multifunctional and may be an important self-medicative behavior.
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| 11. |
- Hillier, Stephen
(författare)
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Soil eaten by chacma baboons adsorbs polar plant secondary metabolites representative of those found in their diet
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 40, s. 803-813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geophagy, the deliberate consumption of earth materials, is common among humans and animals. However, its etiology and function(s) remain poorly understood. The major hypotheses about its adaptive functions are the supplementation of essential elements and the protection against temporary and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) distress. Because much less work has been done on the protection hypothesis, we investigated whether soil eaten by baboons protected their GI tract from plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) and described best laboratory practices for doing so. We tested a soil that baboons eat/preferred, a soil that baboons never eat/non-preferred, and two clay minerals, montmorillonite a 2:1 clay and kaolinite a 1:1 clay. These were processed using a technique that simulated physiological digestion. The phytochemical concentration of 10 compounds representative of three biosynthetic classes of compounds found in the baboon diet was then assessed with and without earth materials using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). The preferred soil was white, contained 1% halite, 45% illite/mica, 14% kaolinite, and 0.8% sand; the non-preferred soil was pink, contained 1% goethite and 1% hematite but no halite, 40% illite/mica, 19% kaolinite, and 3% sand. Polar phenolics and alkaloids were generally adsorbed at levels 10x higher than less polar terpenes. In terms of PSM adsorption, the montmorillonite was more effective than the kaolinite, which was more effective than the non-preferred soil, which was more effective than the preferred soil. Our findings suggest that HPLC-DAD is best practice for the assessment of PSM adsorption of earth materials due to its reproducibility and accuracy. Further, soil selection was not based on adsorption of PSMs, but on other criteria such as color, mouth feel, and taste. However, the consumption of earth containing clay minerals could be an effective strategy for protecting the GI tract from PSMs.
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| 12. |
- Kirchmann, Holger, et al.
(författare)
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Trace element concentration in wheat grain: results from the Swedish long-term soil fertility experiments and national monitoring program
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 31, s. 561-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concentrations of trace elements in wheat grain sampled between 1967 and 2003 from the Swedish long-term soil fertility experiments were analyzed using ICP-MS. The long-term effect of inorganic and organic fertilization on trace metal concentrations was investigated including the impact of atmospheric deposition and myccorhiza, whereas other factors such as soil conditions, crop cultivar, etc. are not discussed in this paper. Mean values derived from 10 experimental sites were reported. Significantly declining Pb and Cd concentrations in wheat grain could be explained by lower atmospheric deposition. Mean Se contents in all samples were 0.031 mg kg(-1) grain dry weight. No samples had sufficiently high Se concentrations for human (0.05 mg Se kg(-1)) or animal demand (0.1 mg Se kg(-1)). Concentrations of Co in wheat grain were extremely low, 0.002-0.005 mg Co kg(-1) grain dry weight, and far below the minimum levels required by animals, which applied to all fertilizer treatments. A doubling of Mo concentrations in grain since 1975 resulted in Cu/Mo ratios often below one, which may cause molybdenosis in ruminants. The increase in Mo concentrations in crops correlated with the decline in sulfur deposition. Concentrations of Cu and Fe declined in NPK-fertilized wheat as compared to unfertilized or manure-treated wheat. Very low concentrations of Se and Co and low concentrations of Fe and Cu require attention to counteract risks for deficiencies. The main characteristic of the study is that there are few significant changes over time between different fertilizer treatments, but throughout there are low concentrations of most trace elements in all treatments. In general, good agreement between concentrations in wheat from the long-term fertility experiments and the national monitoring program indicate that values are representative.
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| 13. |
- Maity, Jyoti Prakash, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic-induced health crisis in peri-urban Moyna and Ardebok villages, West Bengal, India : an exposure assessment study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 34:5, s. 563-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drinking of arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwater has adverse effects on health of millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to determine the degree of severity of As exposure from drinking water in peri-urban Moyna and Ardebok villages, West Bengal, India. Arsenic concentrations in hair, nail and urine samp les of the individuals were determined. Arsenical dermatosis, keratosis and melanosis were investigated through medical evaluation. We have evaluated the association between As exposure from drinking water, and keratosis and melanosis outcomes. The results showed that 82.7 % of the sampled tube wells contain As concentrations above 10 mu g/L, while 57.7 % contain As concentrations above 50 mu g/L. The hair, nail and urine As concentrations were positively correlated with As concentrations in drinking water. In our study population, we observed a strong association between As concentrations ranging 51-99 mu g/L and keratosis and melanosis outcomes, although the probability decreases at higher concentration ranges perhaps due to switching away from the use of As-contaminated tube wells for drinking and cooking purposes. High As concentrations in hair, nail and urine were observed to be associated with the age of the study population. The level of As concentrations in hair, nail and urine samples of the study population indicated the degree of severity of As exposure in the study region.
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| 14. |
- Minkina, Tatiana, et al.
(författare)
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Sorption of benzo[a]pyrene by Chernozem and carbonaceous sorbents : comparison of kinetics and interaction mechanisms
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 44:1, s. 133-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, highly persistent and toxic and a widespread environmental pollutant. Although various technologies have been developed to remove BaP from the environment, its sorption through solid matrixes has received increasing attention due to cost-effectiveness. The present research compares the adsorption capacity of Haplic Chernozem, granular activated carbon and biochar in relation to BaP from water solution. Laboratory experiments with different initial BaP concentrations in the liquid phase and different ratios of the solid and liquid phases show that Freundlich model describes well the adsorption isotherms of BaP by the soil and both sorbents. Moreover, the BaP isotherm sorption by the Haplic Chernozem is better illustrated by the Freundlich model than the Langmuir equation. The results reveal that the sorption capacity of the carbonaceous adsorbents at a ratio 1:20 (solid to liquid phases) is orders of magnitude higher (13 368 ng mL−1 of activated carbon and 3 578 ng mL−1 of biochar) compared to the soil (57.8 ng mL−1). At the ratio of 0.5:20, the adsorption capacity of the carbonaceous sorbents was 17–45 times higher than that of the soil. This is due to the higher pore volume and specific surface area of the carbonaceous sorbents than soil particles, assessed through scanning electron microscopy. The sorption kinetic of BaP by Chernozem was compared with the adsorption kinetics by the carbonaceous sorbents. Results indicate that the adsorption dynamic involves two steps. The first one is associated with a fast BaP adsorption on the large available surface and inside macro- and meso-pores of the sorbent particles of the granular activated carbon and biochar. Then, the adsorption is followed by a slower process of BaP penetration into the microporous space and/or redistribution into a hydrophobic fraction. The effectiveness of the sorption process depends on both the sorbent properties and the solvent competition. Overall, the granular activated carbon and biochar are highly effective adsorbents for BaP, whereas the Haplic Chernozem has a rather limited capacity to remove BaP from contaminated solutions.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Radelyuk, Ivan, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of groundwater safety surrounding contaminated water storage sites using multivariate statistical analysis and Heckman selection model: a case study of Kazakhstan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Petrochemical enterprises in Kazakhstan discharge polluted wastewater into special recipients. Contaminants infiltrate through the soil into the groundwater, which potentially affects public health and environment safety. This paper presents the evaluation of a 7-year monitoring program from one of the factories and includes nineteen variables from nine wells during 2013–2019. Several multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyse the data: Pearson’s correlation matrix, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The analysis made it possible to specify the contribution of each contaminant to the overall pollution and to identify the most polluted sites. The results also show that concentrations of pollutants in groundwater exceeded both the World Health Organization and Kazakhstani standards for drinking water. For example, average exceedance for total petroleum hydrocarbons was 4 times, for total dissolved solids—5 times, for chlorides—9 times, for sodium—6 times, and total hardness was more than 6 times. It is concluded that host geology and effluents from the petrochemical industrial cluster influence the groundwater quality. Heckman two-step regression analysis was applied to assess the bias of completed analysis for each pollutant, especially to determine a contribution of toxic pollutants into total contamination. The study confirms a high loading of anthropogenic contamination to groundwater from the petrochemical industry coupled with natural geochemical processes.
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| 17. |
- Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic contamination in groundwater in the Southeast Asia region
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 31, s. 9-21
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adverse impact of groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) on humans has been reported worldwide, particularly in Asian countries. In this study, we present an overview of the As crisis in the Southeast Asian region where groundwater is contaminated with naturally occurring As and where contamination has become more widespread in recent years. In this region more than 100 million people are estimated to be at risk from groundwater As contamination, and some 700,000 people are known so far to have been affected by As-related diseases. Despite investments exceeding many millions of dollars, there are still substantial knowledge gaps about the prevalence and impact of As, notably in its epidemiology, temporal variations, social factors, patient identification, treatment, etc. Arsenic-affected people in the affected regions also face serious social problems. Of major concern is the fact that many researchers from different countries have been conducting research in SE Asia region but with a lack of coordination, thus duplicating their work. There is an Urgent need to coordinate these various studies to ensure better delivery of research outcomes. Further research is needed to improve field testing and monitoring of drinking water sources, and to develop new treatments for chronic As toxicity and new sources of safe drinking water.
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| 18. |
- Rosborg, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of inorganic elements in 20 municipal waters in Sweden before and after treatment--links to human health.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Environmental geochemistry and health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 28:3, s. 215-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water chemistry of 20 municipal water treatment plants in southern Sweden, representing various bedrock situations, and water qualities, were investigated. Four water samples, raw and treated, were collected from each plant and analyzed by predominantly ICP-OES and ICP-MS at four occasions from June to December, 2001. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, HCO(3) and a number of micronutrients, varied considerably in treated waters from the studied plants (ranges; Ca: 9.1-53.7 mg L(-1), Mg: 1.4-10.9 mg L(-1), K: 1.1-4.8 mg L(-1), Na; 5.4-75.6 mg L(-1), HCO(3): 27-217 mg L(-1)). The elimination of Fe and Mn from raw water was efficient in all treatments investigated, giving concentrations in treated waters below the detection limits at some plants. Softening filters gave waters with Ca-concentrations comparable to the softest waters in this study. Adjustment of pH by use of chemicals like lye, soda or lime, modified the consumer water composition significantly, besides raising the pH. It was estimated that drinking water contributed to approximately 2.2-13% of the daily Ca uptake, if the gastrointestinal uptake efficiency from food and water was estimated to be around 50%. The corresponding figures for Mg was 1.0-7% and for F 0-59%. None of the studied elements showed any significant time trends in raw or treated waters during the follow-up period. The concentrations of potentially toxic metals such as Al, Pb and U were low and did not indicate risks for adverse health effects (ranges; Al: 0.5-2.3 microg L(-1), Pb: 0-0.3 microg L(-1), U: 0.2.5 microg L(-1)).
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| 19. |
- Rosborg, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of inorganic elements in bottled waters on the Swedish market.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Environmental geochemistry and health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 27:3, s. 217-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents the concentrations of about 50 metals and ions in 33 different brands of bottled waters on the Swedish market. Ten of the brands showed calcium (Ca) concentrations
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| 20. |
- Saeed, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Phenomic profiling to reveal tolerance mechanisms and regulation of ascorbate–glutathione cycle in wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) under arsenic stress
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 46:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The potential of arsenic (As) tolerant and sensitive varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has yet to be explored despite of alarming situation of arsenic toxicity. To fill this gap, the study aimed to explore the role of antioxidants, phytochelatins, and ascorbate–glutathione for As tolerance in wheat. A total of eight varieties were exposed to different arsenate treatments (0, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, and 10,000 μM) initially to screen effective treatment as well as contrasting varieties via Weibull distribution frequency for further analysis. The Weibull analysis found 200 μM as the most effective treatment in the present study. Selected varieties were analyzed for accumulation of total As and As speciation, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase), phytochelatins, and ascorbate–glutathione cycle (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase). Tolerant varieties showed less accumulation and translocation of total As, arsenate, and arsenite to the shoots compared with sensitive varieties under 200 μM treatment. Low concentration in tolerant varieties correlated with better growth and development response. Tolerant varieties showed higher induction of metabolites (glutathione, phytochelatins) compared to sensitive ones. Furthermore, tolerant varieties showed better performance of antioxidant and ascorbate–glutathione cycle enzymes in response to As exposure. The findings of the present study provided great insight into the wheat tolerance mechanism upon As exposure between contrasting varieties.
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| 21. |
- Veldsman, L-M, et al.
(författare)
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A method to determine the combined effects of climate change (temperature and humidity) and eggshell thickness on water loss from bird eggs
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : SPRINGER. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 42:3, s. 781-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Differences in bird eggshell thicknesses occur due to numerous factors, including thinning due to persistent organic pollutants. Not only does thinning weaken the shell; weaker shells combined with elevated ambient temperature and changes in humidities may result in changes in water loss rates from the egg contents. Therefore, thinner eggshells raise concern of water being lost faster than normal at lower relative humidities, which may affect hatching. To investigate the combined effects, we developed and tested an effective method that measures water loss through different thickness eggshells at controlled temperatures and relative humidities to assist in ascertaining the combined effects of climate change (temperature and humidity) and changes in eggshell thickness on bird reproduction. The fastest rate of loss was at 40% RH at 40 degrees C (0.1 mL/cm(2)/day), and the slowest was at 22 degrees C at 80% RH (0.02 mL/cm(2)/day). Eggshell thickness had a significant effect on water loss at all humidity treatments, except at the highest temperature and humidity treatment (80% RH and 40 degrees C). Temperature explained 40% of the variance, RH explained 20%, and interactions between temperature and humidity explained 15% of the variance (repeated-measures, two-way ANOVA). Generalized linear analyses revealed that both factors temperature and humidity contributed significantly in any two-way combinations. We have laid the ground for a system to test the combined effects of temperature and humidity changes associated with climate change and eggshell thinning associated with pollutants, on water loss across eggshells.
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| 22. |
- Veselinović, Gorica, et al.
(författare)
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Connectivity approach in urban protected area management based on soil and vegetation chemical status
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 45, s. 9525-9540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quality and vitality of cities largely depend on the design, management, and maintenance of green areas, including urban protected areas (UPAs), since they provide multiple benefits for the city. Due to urbanization and higher anthropogenic pressure, green areas are decreasing which directly affects natural habitats and biodiversity. This study aims to assess soil and vegetation chemical status in UPAs in the city of Belgrade, Serbia, and to understand how their distance from pollution hotspots affects soil and vegetation quality. Additionally, this paper considers the inclusion of soil and vegetation conditions in the urban protected areas management as a basis for introducing a connectivity approach to expand green infrastructure throughout the city. Chemical properties, the content of nutrients (C, N, P, and K), and microelements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sn, Pb, Zr, U, and Th) in soil and conifer needles were analyzed. Results showed that the distance of pollution hotspots does not affect nutrient and microelements concentrations in soil, i.e., they do not vary significantly between sites and do not exceed remediation intervention values. However, the microelements status of vegetation is affected since Cr, Cu, Zn, Sn, and Pb are higher in needles from trees from the city center. The state of soil and plant composition supports the establishment of a network of green corridors and should become a part of management strategies, thus helping biodiversity protection, climate change mitigation, and human well-being in the cities.
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| 23. |
- Yu, Changxun, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of weathering on abundance and release of potentially toxic elements in soils developed on Lower Cambrian black shales, P. R. China
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - : Springer. - 0269-4042 .- 1573-2983. ; 34:3, s. 375-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the geochemical features of 8 soil profiles developed on metalliferous black shales distributed in the central parts of the South China black shale horizon. The concentrations of 21 trace elements and 8 major elements were determined using ICP-MS and XRF, respectively, and weathering intensity (W) was calculated according to a new technique recently proposed in the literature. The data showed that the black shale soils inherited a heterogeneous geochemical character from their parent materials. A partial least square regression model and EFbedrock (enrichment factor normalized to underlying bedrock) indicated that W was not a major control in the redistribution of trace metals. Barium, Sn, Cu, V, and U tended to be leached in the upper soil horizons and trapped by Al and Fe oxides, whereas Sb, Cd, and Mo with negative EF values across the whole profiles may have been leached out during the first stage of pedogenesis (mainly weathering of black shale). Compared with the Chinese average soils, the soils were strongly enriched in the potentially toxic metals Mo, Cd, Sb, Sn, U, V, Cu, and Ba, among which the 5 first listed were enriched to the highest degrees. Elevated concentrations of these toxic metals can have a long-term negative effect on human health, in particular, the soils in mining areas dominated by strongly acidic conditions. As a whole, the black shale soils have much in common with acid sulfate soils. Therefore, black shale soils together with acid sulfate soils deserve more attention in the context of metal exposure and human health.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Peltola, Pasi, et al.
(författare)
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Urban geochemistry : a multimedia and multielement survey of a northern small-town urban area
- 2003
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Ingår i: Environmental Geochemistry and Health. - 0269-4042. ; 25:4, s. 397-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concentrations and distributions of chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La,Mg,Mn,Mo, Na,Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tl,U, V, Wand Zn) were studied in till, humus and urban soil in Jakobstad, a small town (20,000 inhabitants)in W. Finland. The analyses were performed with ICP-MS after aqua regia leaching of till (n = 37), urban topsoil (n = 32) and subsoil (n = 32), and HNO3 leaching of humus (n = 37). The till and humus samples, collected at the same sites, were divided into urban and rural samples. The urban till was not significantly enriched in metals. In contrast, a majority of the elements occurred in higher concentrations in the urban than the rural humus samples. Statistical and spatial interpretations of the humus data revealed that traffic (Pb, V and Ni), metal industry (Pb, Zn, Bi, Sb and Cr), an abandoned shooting range (Pb and Sb) and other sources contribute to higher metal levels in the urban humus. The urban soil samples were collected at parks, yards, abandoned industrial sites, roadsides, etc. The topsoil samples were enriched in most elements, also by elements not enriched in the urban humus (e.g. Cd). At several sites, the concentrations far exceeded the limit concentrations for contaminatedsoils in Finland. A large variety of sources were identified or indicated.
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| 26. |
- Markström, Urban, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards hybridization : the roles of Swedish non-profit organizations within mental health
- 2013
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Ingår i: VOLUNTAS - International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. - : Springer. - 0957-8765 .- 1573-7888. ; 24:4, s. 917-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many parts of the Western world, interventions for people with mental illness have radically changed in recent decades. In the deinstitutionalized system of today, the role for non-profit organizations is generally characterized by dual goals: political advocacy and service provision. Here, the role and function of the user movement in the Swedish mental health system is examined through a case study of all local branches of the largest non-profit organization within the Swedish mental health field. The empirical material consisted of annual reports from all local branches, and was analysed through two analytical schemes, concerning voice/service and conflict/consensus. The analysis pointed to a user movement that still retained the basic ideas of peer support and mutual aid, but were also increasingly being asked by formal service providers to represent the need of users. A hybrid organization category, a ‘Social Movement Peer Organization’, was identified that where social recreational activities are combined with local political advocacy.
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| 27. |
- Kessler, Vadim
(författare)
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Aqueous route to TiO2-based nanomaterials using pH-neutral carboxylate precursors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-0707 .- 1573-4846. ; 68, s. 464-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The review presents the industrial and laboratory synthesis, molecular structure and reactivity of titanium( IV) carboxylate complexes stable in aqueous medium. A special accent is made on the solution ligandtransfer equilibria that are able to provide uniform TiO2 nanoparticles under rather mild conditions starting from these easily commercially available species. Application of titanium oxide nanostructures derived from solution-generated titania nanoparticles is described in detail.
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