| 1. |
- Afzal, Wasif, et al.
(författare)
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Program committee for icse 2018 posters track
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings / International Conference of Software Engineering. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0270-5257 .- 1558-1225. ; Part F137351
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Alves, C. F., et al.
(författare)
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Welcome from the IWSECO-WEA chairs
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The creation and adoption of a software ecosystem is becoming increasingly pervasive, leading to new research and management challenges. Several companies are platformizing successful products and opening these products up for outside innovation where customers expect to be actively involved in the shaping of the technology they use. This also leads to new opportunities and challenges regarding new business models, open innovation, collaborative development, strategic planning, and coordination of multiple platforms. IWSECO and WEA aim to further increase the body of knowledge in software ecosystems by providing a forum to exchange ideas and discuss the most recent innovations, trends and experiences in the field. It aims to build and shape the community of leading practitioners and research experts by providing a forum for the exchange of research results and industrial practice in software ecosystems. By co-locating both, IWSECO and WEA we aim at attracting and involving interested participants from the larger European software engineering community in an early stage of shaping software ecosystem research and community building. The co-located workshops will be a venue for practitioners and researchers to share experience and lessons learned; with a particular focus on architecture, as the ecosystem architecture can actually determine the success or failure of software ecosystems as a whole.
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| 3. |
- Bainomugisha, Engineer, et al.
(författare)
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Message from Chairs of SEiA 2018
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; 2018, s. x-xi
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Besker, Terese, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Technical Debt Cripples Software Developer Productivity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; , s. 105-114
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Software companies need to continuously deliver customer value, both from a short- and long-term perspective. However, software development can be impeded by what has been described as Technical Debt (TD). The aim of this study is to explore the negative consequences of TD in terms of wasted software development time. This study also investigates on which additional activities this wasted time is spent and whether different types of TD impact the wasted time differently. This study also sets out to examine the benefits of tracking and communicating the amount of wasted time, both from a developer’s and manager’s perspective. This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study, surveying 43 software developers, together with follow-up interviews with 16 industrial software practitioners. The analysis of the reported wasted time revealed that developers waste, on average, 23% of their development time due to TD and that they are frequently forced to introduce new TD due to already existing TD. The most common activity on which additional time is spent is performing additional testing.
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| 5. |
- Borg, Markus
(författare)
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Do Preparatory Programming Lab Sessions Contribute to Even Work Distribution in Student Teams?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering : Companion Proceedings, ICSE-Companion 2020 - Companion Proceedings, ICSE-Companion 2020. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781450371223 ; , s. 254-255
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unfair work distribution is common in project-based learning with teams of students. One contributing factor is that students are differently skilled developers. To mitigate the differences in a course with group work, we introduced mandatory programming lab sessions. The intervention did not affect the work distribution, showing that more is needed to balance the workload. Contrary to our goal, the intervention was very well received among experienced students, but unpopular with students weak at programming.
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| 6. |
- Bosch, Jan, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Message from the RCoSE 2018 Chairs
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. ; Part F137807
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Briand, Lionel, et al.
(författare)
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JF Welcome: ICSE 2021
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0270-5257. ; May 2021, s. xxxiii-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Calikli, Gul, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of automated competency evaluation on software engineers' emotions and motivation: A case study
- 2018
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Ingår i: SEmotion '18 Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Emotion Awareness in Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781450357517
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018 ACM. Software development consulting companies must be able to select the best suited developers for their clients. A method of doing this is through competence evaluation. Sigma IT Consulting uses manual methods consisting of heavy documentation for employees to fill in their competence. Problems such as data inconsistencies in documentation of competency might cause difficulties for managers while making decisions to assign right developer to the right job. Such difficulties may lead to frustration in managers and negatively affect their decision-making process. Similarly, developers might feel themselves under pressure always having to fill in the competency documents whenever the manager makes requests among all the tasks the developers are busy with and feeling under pressure might have negative effects on developers' performance. Researchers have shown that negative emotions lead to poor software development performance, while positive emotions improve developers' performance. Competency evaluation is an integral part of the daily routine at Sigma IT Consulting. Therefore, negative effects of competency sheets on developers and managers cannot be tolerated. In this case study, having investigated how competency is evaluated at Sigma IT and what employees think about competency evaluation in general, we implemented a web-based competency evaluation platform. When supplemented with qualitative data, the results of the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) we conducted show that automation of competency evaluation as a web-based platform has positive effects on developers' and managers' emotions and motivations. Interviews we conducted with developers and managers also include their positive thoughts about automation of the competency evaluation.
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| 9. |
- Cito, Jurgen, et al.
(författare)
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Interactive Production Performance Feedback in the IDE
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. ; 2019-May, s. 971-981
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance problems are hard to track and debug, especially when detected in production and originating from development. Software developers try to reproduce the perfor- mance problem locally and debug it in the source code. However, production environments are too different to what profiling and testing can simulate locally in development environments. Software developers need to consult production monitoring tools to reason about and debug the issue. We propose an integrated approach that constructs an In-IDE performance model from monitoring data from production environments. When developers change source code, we perform incremental analysis to update our performance model to reflect the impact of these changes. This allows us to provide performance feedback to developers in near real time to enable them to prevent performance problems from reaching production. We present a tool, PerformanceHat, an Eclipse plugin that we evaluated in a controlled experiment with 20 professional software developers, in which they work on soft- ware maintenance tasks using our approach and a representative baseline (Kibana). We found that developers were significantly faster in (1) detecting the performance problem, and (2) finding the root-cause of the problem. We conclude that our approach helps detect, prevent and debug performance problems faster.
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| 10. |
- Cito, Jürgen, et al.
(författare)
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PerformanceHat - Augmenting Source Code with Runtime Performance Traces in the IDE
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Performance problems observed in production environments that have their origin in program code are immensely hard to localize and prevent. Data that can help solve such problems is usually found in external dashboards and is thus not integrated into the software development process. We propose an approach that augments source code with runtime traces to tightly integrate runtime performance traces into developer workflows. Our goal is to create operational awareness of performance problems in developers' code and contextualize this information to tasks they are currently working on. We implemented this approach as an Eclipse IDE plugin for Java applications that is available as an open source project on GitHub. A video of PerformanceHat in action is online: https://youtu.be/fTBBiylRhag.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Crnkovic, Ivica, 1955
(författare)
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Message from the ICSE 2018 General Chair
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. - 9781450357449 ; , s. vi-viii
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 14. |
- de Oliveira Neto, Francisco Gomes, et al.
(författare)
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Improving continuous integration with similarity-based test case selection
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Automation of Software Test. - New York : ACM Digital Library. - 0270-5257. - 9781450357432 ; , s. 39-45
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automated testing is an essential component of Continuous Integration (CI) and Delivery (CD), such as scheduling automated test sessions on overnight builds. That allows stakeholders to execute entire test suites and achieve exhaustive test coverage, since running all tests is often infeasible during work hours, i.e., in parallel to development activities. On the other hand, developers also need test feedback from CI servers when pushing changes, even if not all test cases are executed. In this paper we evaluate similarity-based test case selection (SBTCS) on integration-level tests executed on continuous integration pipelines of two companies. We select test cases that maximise diversity of test coverage and reduce feedback time to developers. Our results confirm existing evidence that SBTCS is a strong candidate for test optimisation, by reducing feedback time (up to 92% faster in our case studies) while achieving full test coverage using only information from test artefacts themselves.
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| 15. |
- Dekhtyar, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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From RE cares to SE cares: Software engineering for social good, one venue at a time
- 2020
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Ingår i: ICSE-SEIS '20: Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Society. - 0270-5257.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2020 Association for Computing Machinery. As software practitioners, we can help society by using our communities of experts to address a software need of a socially-conscious organization. Doing so can benefit society in the locale of a software engineering conference, and provides access to international experts for local organizations which may otherwise not have access. Furthermore, established Software Engineering (SE) researchers as well as practitioners and students have the opportunity for a unique learning experience. In this paper, we argue that the SE community should use SE conferences as the focal points for activities that benefit society at the locations of the conferences, and make such activities an integral, valued, and recognized part of the conference programs. The proposed series of events, termed SE Cares, can follow and learn from the model of Requirements Engineering (RE) Cares events that took place in 2018 and 2019, and can be a co-located event at all interested SE-related conferences.
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| 16. |
- Diamantopoulos, Nikos, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering for a science-centric experimentation platform
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; , s. 191-200
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Netflix is an internet entertainment service that routinely employs experimentation to guide strategy around product innovations. As Netflix grew, it had the opportunity to explore increasingly specialized improvements to its service, which generated demand for deeper analyses supported by richer metrics and powered by more diverse statistical methodologies. To facilitate this, and more fully harness the skill sets of both engineering and data science, Netflix engineers created a science-centric experimentation platform that leverages the expertise of scientists from a wide range of backgrounds working on data science tasks by allowing them to make direct code contributions in the languages used by them (Python and R). Moreover, the same code that runs in production is able to be run locally, making it straightforward to explore and graduate both metrics and causal inference methodologies directly into production services. In this paper, we provide two main contributions. Firstly, we report on the architecture of this platform, with a special emphasis on its novel aspects: how it supports science-centric end-to-end workflows without compromising engineering requirements. Secondly, we describe its approach to causal inference, which leverages the potential outcomes conceptual framework to provide a unified abstarction layer for arbitrary statistical models and methodologies.
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| 17. |
- Feldt, Robert, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Ways of applying artificial intelligence in software engineering
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York : IEEE. - 0270-5257. ; Part F137725, s. 35-41
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques become more powerful and easier to use they are increasingly deployed as key components of modern software systems. While this enables new functionality and often allows better adaptation to user needs it also creates additional problems for software engineers and exposes companies to new risks. Some work has been done to better understand the interaction between Software Engineering and AI but we lack methods to classify ways of applying AI in software systems and to analyse and understand the risks this poses. Only by doing so can we devise tools and solutions to help mitigate them. This paper presents the AI in SE Application Levels (AI-SEAL) taxonomy that categorises applications according to their point of application, the type of AI technology used and the automation level allowed. We show the usefulness of this taxonomy by classifying 15 papers from previous editions of the RAISE workshop. Results show that the taxonomy allows classification of distinct AI applications and provides insights concerning the risks associated with them. We argue that this will be important for companies in deciding how to apply AI in their software applications and to create strategies for its use.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Garcia, Sergio
(författare)
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Effective engineering of multi-robot software applications
- 2018
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Ingår i: ICSE '18 Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number and complexity of robotic applications that are being developed both in industry and academia are increasing continuously. However, those applications are not engineered through well-defined system engineering processes, and this leads to time-consuming issues. Besides, robot applications are increasingly based on teams of autonomous robots that work collaboratively with other robots and/or humans to accomplish complex missions. This further increases the complexity of the controlling application. In this Ph.D. project, we aim to bring software engineering best practices to the robotic domain in order to produce processes, architectural models, and methods to be used by developers in order to tackle common challenges such as reusability, variability, and modularity. The goal is to reduce development time and effort, thereby reducing the time-To-market of robotic applications. To validate our results we make use of different models of real robots in real-world scenarios.
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| 20. |
- Garcia, Sergio, et al.
(författare)
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PROMISE: High-level mission specification for multiple robots
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Service robots, a type of robots that perform useful tasks for humans, are foreseen to be broadly used in the near future in both social and industrial scenarios. Those robots will be required to operate in dynamic environments, collaborating among them or with users. Specifying the list of requested tasks to be achieved by a robotic team is far from being trivial. Therefore, mission specification languages and tools need to be expressive enough to allow the specification of complex missions (e.g., detailing recovery actions), while being reachable by domain experts who might not be knowledgeable of programming languages. To support domain experts, we developed PROMISE, a Domain-Specific Language that allows mission specification for multiple robots in a user-friendly, yet rigorous manner. PROMISE is built as an Eclipse plugin that provides a textual and a graphical interface for mission specification. Our tool is in turn integrated into a software framework, which provides functionalities as: (1) automatic generation from specification, (2) sending of missions to the robotic team; and (3) interpretation and management of missions during execution time. PROMISE and its framework implementation have been validated through simulation and real-world experiments with four different robotic models. Video: https://youtu.be/RMtqwY2GOlQ
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| 21. |
- Gissurarson, Matthías Páll, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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PropR: Property-Based Automatic Program Repair
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Automatic program repair (APR) regularly faces the challenge of overfitting patches - patches that pass the test suite, but do not actually address the problems when evaluated manually. Currently, overfit detection requires manual inspection or an oracle making quality control of APR an expensive task. With this work, we want to introduce properties in addition to unit tests for APR to address the problem of overfitting. To that end, we design and implement PropR, a program repair tool for Haskell that leverages both property-based testing (via QuickCheck) and the rich type system and synthesis offered by the Haskell compiler. We compare the repair-ratio, time-to-first-patch and overfitting-ratio when using unit tests, property-based tests, and their combination. Our results show that properties lead to quicker results and have a lower overfit ratio than unit tests. Our results show that while the total number of fixes is reduced, the ratio of overfit patches greatly declines. The created overfit patches provide valuable insight into the underlying problems of the program to repair (e.g., in terms of fault localization or test quality). We consider this step towards fitter, or at least insightful, patches a critical contribution to bring APR into developer workflows.
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| 22. |
- Gomes, Francisco, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Building Collaborative Learning: Exploring Social Annotation in Introductory Programming
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0270-5257. - 9798400704987 ; , s. 12-21
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing demand for software engineering education presents learning challenges in courses due to the diverse range of topics that require practical applications, such as programming or software design, all of which are supported by group work and interaction. Social Annotation (SA) is an approach to teaching that can enhance collaborative learning among students. In SA, both students and teachers utilize platforms like Feedback Fruits, Perusall, and Diigo to collaboratively annotate and discuss course materials. This approach encourages students to share their thoughts and answers with their peers, fostering a more interactive learning environment. We share our experience of implementing social annotation via Perusall as a preparatory tool for lectures in an introductory programming course aimed at undergraduate students in Software Engineering. We report the impact of Perusall on the examination results of 112 students. Our results show that 81% of students engaged in meaningful social annotation successfully passed the course. Notably, the proportion of students passing the exam tends to rise as they complete more Perusall assignments. In contrast, only 56% of students who did not participate in Perusall discussions managed to pass the exam. We did not enforce mandatory Perusall participation in the course. Yet, the feedback from our course evaluation questionnaire reveals that most students ranked Perusall among their favorite components of the course and that their interest in the subject has increased.
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| 23. |
- Gren, Lucas, 1984
(författare)
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On gender, ethnicity, and culture in empirical software engineering research
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE/ACM 11th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE). - New York, NY, USA : IEEE. - 0270-5257 .- 2574-1837. - 9781538661765
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This note highlights the importance of investigating diversity aspects in combination in empirical research. It draws on the psychological discourse and suggests why and how software engineering scholars can use the aspect of diversity in all their research endeavors.
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| 24. |
- Holstein, Tobias, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Avoiding the Intrinsic Unfairness of the Trolley Problem
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781450357463 ; , s. 32-37
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an envisaged future of transportation, self-driving cars are being discussed from various perspectives, including social, economical, engineering, computer science, design, and ethical aspects. On the one hand, self-driving cars present new engineering problems that are being gradually successfully solved. On the other hand, social and ethical problems have up to now being presented in the form of an idealized unsolvable decision-making problem, the so-called "trolley problem", which is built on the assumptions that are neither technically nor ethically justifiable. The intrinsic unfairness of the trolley problem comes from the assumption that lives of different people have different values. In this paper, techno-social arguments are used to show the infeasibility of the trolley problem when addressing the ethics of self-driving cars. We argue that different components can contribute to an "unfair" behaviour and features, which requires ethical analysis on multiple levels and stages of the development process. Instead of an idealized and intrinsically unfair thought experiment, we present real-life techno-social challenges relevant for the domain of software fairness in the context of self-driving cars.
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| 25. |
- Holstein, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Real-world ethics for self-driving cars
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2020 ACM/IEEE 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion, ICSE-Companion 2020. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781450371223 ; , s. 328-329, s. 328-329
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethical and social problems of the emerging technology of selfdriving cars can best be addressed through an applied engineeringethical approach. However, currently social and ethical problemsare typically being presented in terms of an idealized unsolvabledecision-making problem, the so-called Trolley Problem. Instead,we propose that ethical analysis should focus on the study of ethicsof complex real-world engineering problems. As software plays acrucial role in the control of self-driving cars, software engineeringsolutions should handle actual ethical and social considerations. Wetake a closer look at the regulative instruments, standards, design,and implementations of components, systems, and services and wepresent practical social and ethical challenges that must be met inthe ecology of the socio-technological system of self-driving carswhich implies novel expectations for software engineering in theautomotive industry.
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| 26. |
- Hughes, John, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Using temporal relations to specify and test an instant messaging server
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781605589701 ; , s. 95-102
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Asynchronous events are awkward to handle in specification-based testing. State machine specifications become very complex when variable event order, timing constraints, and timing uncertainties must all be captured. We propose an alternative formalism for specifying asynchronous behaviour based on temporal relations, designed to support more declarative and modular specifications. Temporal relations are in a sense a combination of bulk data types and temporal logic. We illustrate the formalism by specifying parts of a simplified instant messaging server, and show that it can handle timing uncertainty very simply. We have implemented the formalism as part of Quviq QuickCheck, a commercial specification-based testing tool, and we describe its application to testing ejabberd, the leading instant messaging server based on the open XMPP protocol. Copyright 2010 ACM.
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| 27. |
- Idowu, Samuel, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Asset Management in Machine Learning: A Survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine Learning (ML) techniques are becoming essential components of many software systems today, causing an increasing need to adapt traditional software engineering practices and tools to the development of ML-based software systems. This need is especially pronounced due to the challenges associated with the large-scale development and deployment of ML systems. Among the most commonly reported challenges during the development, production, and operation of ML-based systems are experiment management, dependency management, monitoring, and logging of ML assets. In recent years, we have seen several efforts to address these challenges as witnessed by an increasing number of tools for tracking and managing ML experiments and their assets. To facilitate research and practice on engineering intelligent systems, it is essential to understand the nature of the current tool support for managing ML assets. What kind of support is provided? What asset types are tracked? What operations are offered to users for managing those assets? We discuss and position ML asset management as an important discipline that provides methods and tools for ML assets as structures and the ML development activities as their operations. We present a feature-based survey of 17 tools with ML asset management support identified in a systematic search. We overview these tools' features for managing the different types of assets used for engineering ML-based systems and performing experiments. We found that most of the asset management support depends on traditional version control systems, while only a few tools support an asset granularity level that differentiates between important ML assets, such as datasets and models.
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| 28. |
- Jägemar, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitively Sustainable ICT with Ubiquitous Mobile Services - Challenges and Opportunities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. - 9781479919352 ; 2, s. 531-540, s. 531-540
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has led to an unprecedented development in almost all areasof human life. It forms the basis for what is called “the cognitive revolution” – a fundamental change in the way wecommunicate, feel, think and learn based on an extension of individual information processing capacities by communicationwith other people through technology. This so-called “extended cognition” shapes human relations in a radically new way. It is accompanied by a decrease of shared attention and affective presence within closely related groups. This weakens the deepest and most important bonds, that used to shape human identity.Sustainability, both environmental and social (economic, technological, political and cultural) is one of the most important issues of our time. In connection with “extended cognition” we have identified a new, basic type of social sustainability that everyone takes for granted, and which we claim is in danger due to our changed ways of communication. We base our conclusion on a detailed analysis of the current state of the practice andobserved trends. The contribution of our article consists of identifying cognitive sustainability and explaining its central rolefor all other aspects of sustainability, showing how it relates to the cognitive revolution, its opportunities and challenges.Complex social structures with different degrees of proximity have always functioned as mechanisms behind belongingness andidentity. To create a long-term cognitive sustainability, we need to rethink and design new communication technologies that supportdifferentiated and complex social relationships.
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| 29. |
- Kim, Jinhan, et al.
(författare)
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Guiding Deep Learning System Testing Using Surprise Adequacy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - : IEEE. - 0270-5257. ; 2019-May, s. 1039-1049, s. 1039-1049
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deep Learning (DL) systems are rapidly being adopted in safety and security critical domains, urgently calling for ways to test their correctness and robustness. Testing of DL systems has traditionally relied on manual collection and labelling of data. Recently, a number of coverage criteria based on neuron activation values have been proposed. These criteria essentially count the number of neurons whose activation during the execution of a DL system satisfied certain properties, such as being above predefined thresholds. However, existing coverage criteria are not sufficiently fine grained to capture subtle behaviours exhibited by DL systems. Moreover, evaluations have focused on showing correlation between adversarial examples and proposed criteria rather than evaluating and guiding their use for actual testing of DL systems. We propose a novel test adequacy criterion for testing of DL systems, called Surprise Adequacy for Deep Learning Systems (SADL), which is based on the behaviour of DL systems with respect to their training data. We measure the surprise of an input as the difference in DL system's behaviour between the input and the training data (i.e., what was learnt during training), and subsequently develop this as an adequacy criterion: a good test input should be sufficiently but not overtly surprising compared to training data. Empirical evaluation using a range of DL systems from simple image classifiers to autonomous driving car platforms shows that systematic sampling of inputs based on their surprise can improve classification accuracy of DL systems against adversarial examples by up to 77.5% via retraining.
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| 30. |
- Laaber, C., et al.
(författare)
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An Evaluation of Open-Source Software Microbenchmark Suites for Continuous Performance Assessment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: MSR '18 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450357166 ; , s. 119-130, s. 119-130
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Continuous integration (CI) emphasizes quick feedback to developers. This is at odds with current practice of performance testing, which predominantely focuses on long-running tests against entire systems in production-like environments. Alternatively, software microbenchmarking attempts to establish a performance baseline for small code fragments in short time. This paper investigates the quality of microbenchmark suites with a focus on suitability to deliver quick performance feedback and CI integration. We study ten open-source libraries written in Java and Go with benchmark suite sizes ranging from 16 to 983 tests, and runtimes between 11 minutes and 8.75 hours. We show that our study subjects include benchmarks with result variability of 50% or higher, indicating that not all benchmarks are useful for reliable discovery of slow-downs. We further artificially inject actual slowdowns into public API methods of the study subjects and test whether test suites are able to discover them. We introduce a performance-test quality metric called the API benchmarking score (ABS). ABS represents a benchmark suite's ability to find slowdowns among a set of defined core API methods. Resulting benchmarking scores (i.e., fraction of discovered slowdowns) vary between 10% and 100% for the study subjects. This paper's methodology and results can be used to (1) assess the quality of existing microbenchmark suites, (2) select a set of tests to be run as part of CI, and (3) suggest or generate benchmarks for currently untested parts of an API.
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| 31. |
- Lenberg, Per, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Psychological Safety and Norm Clarity in Software Engineering Teams
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 IEEE/ACM 11TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COOPERATIVE AND HUMAN ASPECTS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (CHASE). - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 9781450357258 ; , s. 79-86
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the software engineering industry today, companies primarily conduct their work in teams. To increase organizational productivity, it is thus crucial to know the factors that affect team effectiveness. Two team-related concepts that have gained prominence lately are psychological safety and team norms. Still, few studies exist that explore these in a software engineering context. Therefore, with the aim of extending the knowledge of these concepts, we examined if psychological safety and team norm clarity associate positively with software developers' self-assessed team performance and job satisfaction, two important elements of effectiveness. We collected industry survey data from practitioners (N = 217) in 38 development teams working for five different organizations. The result of multiple linear regression analyses indicates that both psychological safety and team norm clarity predict team members' self-assessed performance and job satisfaction. The findings also suggest that clarity of norms is a stronger (30% and 71% stronger) predictor than psychological safety. This research highlights the need to examine, in more detail, the relationship between social norms and software development. The findings of this study could serve as an empirical baseline for such, future work.
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| 32. |
- Lind, Kenneth, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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On the Relationship between Functional Size and Software Code Size
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Metrics (WETSoM 2010), May 4, 2010, Cape Town, South Africa.. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781605589763 ; , s. 47-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SLOC (Source Lines-Of-Code) has been used extensively as a Code Size Measure, and as input to parametric software cost and effort estimation tools. SLOC is obtained by measuring FP (Function Points) on the requirements and multiplying by the SLOC/FP ratio from similar projects. This is done even though several studies show large variations in this ratio, due to weak correlation between FP and SLOC. However, in our previous experiments we have obtained strong correlation between CFP (COSMIC Function Points) and Bytes compiled code as Code Size Measure. The experiments were conducted in the automotive industry using software components developed by GM (General Motors). In this paper we explain the reasons behind the strong correlation. The main reasons are that we apply the COSMIC method on software components of similar type, with a 1-to-1 mapping to COSMIC. A strong correlation between the Functional Size Measure and the Code Size Measure is required to obtain accurate Code Size estimation results. To estimate the Code Size before the software is available, is important both for Cost/Effort estimation and design of electronic hardware.
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| 33. |
- Lindström Claessen, Koen, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Ranking programs using black box testing
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781605589701 ; , s. 103-110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an unbiased method for measuring the relative quality of different solutions to a programming problem. Our method is based on identifying possible bugs from program behaviour through black-box testing. The main motivation for such a method is its use in experimental evaluation of software development methods. We report on the use of our method in a small-scale such experiment, which was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of property-based testing vs. unit testing in software development. Copyright 2010 ACM.
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| 34. |
- Lobo Vesga, Elisabet, 1993
(författare)
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Let's not Make a Fuzz about it
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. ; May 2021, s. 114-116
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The work of Fuzz has pioneered the use of functional programming languages wheretypes allow to reason about the sensitivity of programs. Fuzz and subsequentwork (e.g., DFuzz and Duet) use technical devices like linear types, modal types, and partial evaluation. These features usually require the design of a newprogramming language from scratch - a major task on its own! While thesefeatures are part of the classical toolbox of programming languages, they areoften rather obscure for non-programming language experts. In this work, weexplore a different direction. We propose the design of a library capable ofcalculating the sensitivity of programs. The library is built on a novel use ofpolymorphism to represent (and prove) the sensitivity of functions andthe use of type constraints and type-level natural numbers. We show how ourapproach can be used to reason about the sensitivity of classical examplesworking over vectors, such as sum, map, and sort - we leave reasoning aboutmore complex programs for future work. Our library, called DSencity, isimplemented with just 360 lines of Haskell code.
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| 35. |
- Lwakatare, Lucy, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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On the experiences of adopting automated data validation in an industrial machine learning project
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. ; , s. 248-257
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Data errors are a common challenge in machine learning (ML) projects and generally cause significant performance degradation in ML-enabled software systems. To ensure early detection of erroneous data and avoid training ML models using bad data, research and industrial practice suggest incorporating a data validation process and tool in ML system development process. Aim: The study investigates the adoption of a data validation process and tool in industrial ML projects. The data validation process demands significant engineering resources for tool development and maintenance. Thus, it is important to identify the best practices for their adoption especially by development teams that are in the early phases of deploying ML-enabled software systems. Method: Action research was conducted at a large-software intensive organization in telecommunications, specifically within the analytics R&D organization for an ML use case of classifying faults from returned hardware telecommunication devices. Results: Based on the evaluation results and learning from our action research, we identified three best practices, three benefits, and two barriers to adopting the data validation process and tool in ML projects. We also propose a data validation framework (DVF) for systematizing the adoption of a data validation process. Conclusions: The results show that adopting a data validation process and tool in ML projects is an effective approach of testing ML-enabled software systems. It requires having an overview of the level of data (feature, dataset, cross-dataset, data stream) at which certain data quality tests can be applied.
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| 36. |
- Magazinius, Ana, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the human and organizational aspects of software cost estimation
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Conference on Software Engineering. Proceedings; 2010 ICSE Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering, CHASE 2010, in Conjunction with the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2010; Cape Town; 2 May 2010 through 2 May 2010. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781605589664 ; , s. 92-95
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost estimation is important for planning, scheduling, budgeting and pricing of software development. Previous research has mainly focused on improving estimates and the associated processes. However, there is still a lack of research on human and organizational aspects of cost estimation and informal uses of cost estimates. This paper presents initial findings from a qualitative study addressing these questions. Based on four semi-structured interviews with experienced managers from different software developing organizations we have identified a number of aspects not commonly discussed in the cost estimation literature. The analysis indicates that cost estimates are used not only for prediction and planning, but also play a role in power plays within the organizations based on the stakeholders' differing interests. There are also human and organizational factors that are likely to influence the quality of estimates. We also suggest a basic taxonomy of attributes that could be used to structure the many issues involved in and affecting software cost estimation. We conclude that there are many factors that affect software cost estimation and need to be considered in future research. Longer-term this is important not only for cost estimation but can also be useful to understand how human and organizational factors affect software development processes in general.
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| 37. |
- Mahmood, Wardah, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Seamless Variability Management with the Virtual Platform
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Customization is a general trend in software engineering, demanding systems that support variable stakeholder requirements. Two opposing strategies are commonly used to create variants: software clone&own and software configuration with an integrated platform. Organizations often start with the former, which is cheap, agile, and supports quick innovation, but does not scale. The latter scales by establishing an integrated platform that shares software assets between variants, but requires high up-front investments or risky migration processes. So, could we have a method that allows an easy transition or even combine the benefits of both strategies? We propose a method and tool that supports a truly incremental development of variant rich systems, exploiting a spectrum between both opposing strategies. We design, formalize, and prototype the variability management framework virtual platform . It bridges clone&own and platform-oriented development. Relying on programming language independent conceptual structures representing software assets, it offers operators for engineering and evolving a system, comprising: traditional, asset-oriented operators and novel, feature-oriented operators for incrementally adopting concepts of an integrated platform. The operators record meta-data that is exploited by other operators to support the transition. Among others, they eliminate expensive feature-location effort or the need to trace clones. Our evaluation simulates the evolution of a real-world, clone-based system, measuring its costs and benefits.
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| 38. |
- Mallozzi, Piergiuseppe, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Keeping intelligence under control
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781450357401 ; , s. 37-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modern software systems, such as smart systems, are based on a continuous interaction with the dynamic and partially unknown environment in which they are deployed. Classical development techniques, based on a complete description of how the system must behave in different environmental conditions, are no longer effective. On the contrary, modern techniques should be able to produce systems that autonomously learn how to behave in different environmental conditions. Machine learning techniques allow creating systems that learn how to execute a set of actions to achieve a desired goal. When a change occurs, machine learning techniques allow the system to autonomously learn new policies and strategies for actions execution. This flexibility comes at a cost: the developer has no longer full control on the system behaviour. Thus, there is no way to guarantee that the system will not violate important properties, such as safety-critical properties. To overcome this issue, we believe that machine learning techniques should be combined with suitable reasoning mechanisms aimed at assuring that the decisions taken by the machine learning algorithm do not violate safety-critical requirements. This paper proposes an approach that combines machine learning with run-time monitoring to detect violations of system invariants in the actions execution policies.
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| 39. |
- Martini, Antonio, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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An Empirically Developed Method to Aid Decisions on Architectural Technical Debt Refactoring: AnaConDebt
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781450342056 ; , s. 31-40
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Architectural Technical Debt is regarded as sub-optimal architectural solutions that need to be refactored in order to avoid the payment of a costly interest in the future. However, decisions on if and when to refactor architecture are extremely important and difficult to take, since changing software at the architectural level is quite expensive. Therefore it is important, for software organizations, to have methods and tools that aid architects and managers to understand if Architecture Technical Debt will generate a costly and growing interest to be paid or not. Current knowledge, especially empirically developed and evaluated, is quite scarce. In this paper we developed and evaluated a method, AnaConDebt, by analyzing, together with several practitioners, 12 existing cases of Architecture Debt in 6 companies. The method has been refined several times in order to be useful and effective in practice. We also report the evaluation of the method with a final case, for which we present anonymized results and subsequent refactoring decisions. The method consists of several components that need to be analyzed, combining the theoretical Technical Debt framework and the practical experience of the practitioners, in order to identify the key factors involved in the growth of interest. The output of the method shows summarized indicators that visualizes the factors in a useful way for the stakeholders. This analysis aids the practitioners in deciding on if and when to refactor Architectural Technical Debt items. The method has been evaluated and has been proven useful to support the architects into systematically analyze and decide upon a case.
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| 40. |
- Menghi, Claudio, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Poster: Property specification patterns for robotic missions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; Part F137351, s. 434-435
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Engineering dependable software for mobile robots is becoming increasingly important. A core asset in engineering mobile robots is the mission specification-A formal description of the goals that mobile robots shall achieve. Such mission specifications are used, among others, to synthesize, verify, simulate, or guide the engineering of robot software. Development of precise mission specifications is challenging. Engineers need to translate the mission requirements into specification structures expressed in a logical language-A laborious and error-prone task. To mitigate this problem, we present a catalog of mission specification patterns for mobile robots. Our focus is on robot movement, one of the most prominent and recurrent specification problems for mobile robots. Our catalog maps common mission specification problems to recurrent solutions, which we provide as templates that can be used by engineers. The patterns are the result of analyzing missions extracted from the literature. For each pattern, we describe usage intent, known uses, relationships to other patterns, and-most importantly-A template representing the solution as a logical formula in temporal logic. Our specification patterns constitute reusable building blocks that can be used by engineers to create complex mission specifications while reducing specification mistakes. We believe that our patterns support researchers working on tool support and techniques to synthesize and verify mission specifications, and language designers creating rich domain-specific languages for mobile robots, incorporating our patterns as language concepts.
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| 41. |
- Menghi, Claudio, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Poster: Towards multi-robot applications planning under uncertainty
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; Part F137351, s. 438-439
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel robotic applications are no longer based on single robots. They rather require teams of robots that collaborate and interact to perform a desired mission. They must also be used in contexts in which only partial knowledge about the robots and their environment is present. To ensure mission achievement, robotic applications require the usage of planners that compute the set of actions the robots must perform. Current planning techniques are often based on centralized solutions and hence they do not scale when teams of robots are considered, they consider rather simple missions, and they do not work in partially known environments. To address these challenges, we present a planning solution that decomposes the team of robots into subclasses, considers complex high-level missions given in temporal logic, and at the same time works when only partial knowledge of the environment is available.
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| 42. |
- Mista, Claudio Agustin, 1991
(författare)
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MUTAGEN: Faster Mutation-Based Random Testing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. ; May 2021, s. 120-122
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present MUTAGEN, a fully automated mutation-oriented framework for property-based testing. Our tool usesnovel heuristics to improve the performance of the testing loop, and it is capable of finding complex bugs within seconds. We evaluate MUTAGEN by generating random WebAssembly programs that we use to find bugs in a faulty validator.
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| 43. |
- Mukelabai, Mukelabai, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-view editing of software product lines with PEoPL
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; Part F137351, s. 81-84
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A software product line is a portfolio of software variants in an application domain. It relies on a platform integrating common and variable features of the variants using variability mechanisms-Typically classified into annotative and compositional mechanisms. Annotative mechanisms (e.g., using the C preprocessor) are easy to apply, but annotations clutter source code and feature code is often scattered across the platform, which hinders program comprehension and increases maintenance effort. Compositional mechanisms (e.g., using feature modules) support program comprehension and maintainability by modularizing feature code, but are difficult to adopt. Most importantly, engineers need to choose one mechanism and then stick to it for the whole life cycle of the platform. The PEoPL (Projectional Editing of Product Lines) approach combines the advantages of both kinds of mechanisms. In this paper, we demonstrate the PEoPL IDE, which supports the approach by providing various kinds of editable views, each of which represents the same software product line using annotative or compositional variability mechanisms, or subsets of concrete variants. Software engineers can seamlessly switch these views, or use multiple views side-by-side, based on the current engineering task. A demo video of PEoPL is available at Youtube: https://youtu.be/wByUxSPLoSY.
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| 44. |
- Paulisch, Frances, et al.
(författare)
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Message from the SEIP Chairs of ICSE 2018
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. ; Part F137352
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 45. |
- Pinisetty, Srinivas, et al.
(författare)
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Runtime verification of hyperproperties for deterministic programs
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. - 9781450357180 ; , s. 20-29
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we consider the runtime verification problem of safety hyperproperties for deterministic programs. Several security and information-flow policies such as data minimality, non-interference, integrity, and software doping are naturally expressed formally as safety hyperproperties. Although there are monitoring results for hyperproperties, the algorithms are very complex since these are properties over set of traces, and not over single traces. For the deterministic input-output programs that we consider, and the specific safety hyperproperties we are interested in, the problem can be reduced to monitoring of trace properties. In this paper, we present a simpler monitoring approach for safety hyperproperties of deterministic programs. The approach involves transforming the given safety hyperproperty into a trace property, extracting a characteristic predicate for the given hyperproperty, and providing a parametric monitor taking such predicate as parameter. For any hyperproperty in the considered subclass, we show how runtime verification monitors can be synthesised. We have implemented our approach in the form of a parameterised monitor for the given class, and have applied it to a number of hyperproperties including data minimisation, non-interference, integrity and software doping. We show results concerning both offline and online monitoring.
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| 46. |
- Ronanki, Krishna, 1997
(författare)
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Towards an AI-centric Requirements Engineering Framework for Trustworthy AI
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. - 9798350322637
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethical guidelines are an asset for artificial intel-ligence(AI) development and conforming to them will soon be a procedural requirement once the EU AI Act gets ratified in the European parliament. However, developers often lack explicit knowledge on how to apply these guidelines during the system development process. A literature review of different ethical guidelines from various countries and organizations has revealed inconsistencies in the principles presented and the terminology used to describe such principles. This research begins by identifying the limitations of existing ethical AI development frameworks in performing requirements engineering(RE) processes during the development of trustworthy AI. Recommendations to address those limitations will be proposed to make the frameworks more applicable in the RE process to foster the development of trustworthy AI. This could lead to wider adoption, greater productivity of the AI systems, and reduced workload on humans for non-cognitive tasks. Considering the impact of some of the newer foundation models like GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT, the vision for this research project is to work towards the development of holistic operationalisable RE guidelines for the development and implementation of trustworthy AI not only on a product level but also on process level.
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| 47. |
- Runeson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of duplicate defect reports using natural language processing
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0270-5257. ; , s. 499-508
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defect reports are generated from various testing and development activities in software engineering. Some-times two reports are submitted that describe the same problem, leading to duplicate reports. These reports are mostly written in structured natural language, and as such, it is hard to compare two reports for similarity with formal methods. In order to identify duplicates, we investigate using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to support the identification. A prototype tool is developed and evaluated in a case study analyzing defect reports at Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications. The evaluation shows that about 2/3 of the duplicates can possibly be found using the NLP techniques. Different variants of the techniques provide only minor result differences, indicating a robust technology. User testing shows that the overall attitude towards the technique is positive and that it has a growth potential. © 2007 IEEE.
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| 48. |
- Scandariato, Riccardo, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Generative secure design, defined
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; Part F137347, s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In software-intensive industries, companies face the constant challenge of not having enough security experts on staff in order to validate the design of the high-complexity projects they run. Many of these companies are now realizing that increasing automation in their secure development process is the only way forward in order to cope with the ultra-large scale of modern systems. This paper embraces that viewpoint. We chart the roadmap to the development of a generative design tool that iteratively produces several design alternatives, each attempting to solve the security goals by incorporating security mechanisms. The tool explores the possible solutions by starting from well-known security techniques and by creating variations via mutations and crossovers. By incorporating user feedback, the tool generates increasingly better design alternatives.
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| 49. |
- Schröder, Jan, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Evaluation of a Customizable Multi-Domain Reference Architecture on top of Product Lines of Self- Driving Heavy Vehicles - An Industrial Case Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - : IEEE. - 0270-5257. - 9781479919345 ; 2:O/IEC, 2000, ISO/IEC FDIS 9126-1:2000(E), s. 189-198
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Self-driving vehicles for commercial use cases like logistics or overcast mines increase their owners' economic competitiveness. Volvo maintains, evolves, and distributes a vehicle control product line for different brands like Volvo Trucks, Renault, and Mack in more than 190 markets world-wide. From the different application domains of their customers originates the need for a multi-domain reference architecture concerned with transport mission planning, execution, and tracking on top of the vehicle control product line. This industrial case study is the first of its kind reporting about the systematic process to design such a reference architecture involving all relevant external and internal stakeholders, development documents, low-level artifacts, and literature. Quantitative and qualitative metrics were applied to evaluate non-functional requirements on the reference architecture level before a concrete variant was evaluated using a Volvo FMX truck in an exemplary construction site setting.
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| 50. |
- Scoccia, Gian Luca, et al.
(författare)
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Hey, my data are mine! Active data to empower the user
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering. - New York, NY, USA : ACM. - 0270-5257. ; , s. 5-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Privacy is increasingly getting importance in modern systems. As a matter of fact, personal data are out of the control of the original owner and remain in the hands of the software-systems producers. In this new ideas paper, we drastically change the nature of data from passive to active as a way to empower the user and preserve both the original ownership of the data and the privacy policies specified by the data owner. We demonstrate the idea of active data in the mobile domain.
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