| 1. |
- Bååth, Lars, 1948-
(författare)
-
Noise Spectra from Wind Turbines
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Renewable energy. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 57, s. 512-519
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents observations of audio noise in frequency range 20e20 000 Hz from wind turbines. The observations were performed around the theoretically calculated 40 dBA noise perimeter around the wind turbine farm at Oxhult, Sweden. This paper describes a newly designed and constructed a field qualified data acquisition system to measure spectra and total noise level of sound from wind turbines. The system has been calibrated at SP Borås. It is shown that it has a flat frequency response and is linear with amplitude and time.The total noise level (as integrated 20e20 000 Hz) is shown to be below 35 dBA (below the reference background noise at 36 dBA) at a 10 m altitude wind speed of 4e5 m/s. The measurements were made along the theoretical 40 dBA border at 8 m/s.It is concluded that the theoretical 40 dBA border seems reasonable calculated if the manufacturer specifications are used to extrapolate the sound level to correspond to 8 m/s at 10 m. Our data indicate that a simple sound propagation model is sufficient since the sound level is more affected by the nearby environment than the large scale forest structure. Also, the large scale forestry structure is bound to change with time and the error bars of measurements on total sound level are about 1 dBA, which is larger than any fine tuning with a more sophisticated model. More care should be taken to model the reflections from walls and other obstacles close to the microphones.The distribution of the spectral noise level around the turbine farm suggests that the noise originates from individual wind turbines closest to the measurement location rather than from the wind turbine farm as a whole. The spectra show narrow band spectral line features which do not contribute signifi-cantly to the total noise at this level. The narrow band features are only detectable at very long inte-gration time and at 1 Hz spectral resolution. The spectral features are typical to originate from mechanical noise.The spectral acquisition method described in this paper can be used as a field qualified system for sound measurements in forest areas. The high spectral resolution is a viable remote diagnostic method for mechanical faults in the turbine machinery. Future work will concentrate on these two areas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lindqvist, Kent, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of inter-organizational traffic injury prevention in a WHO safe community
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 33:5, s. 599-607
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to examine the effect of a community-based injury prevention program on traffic injuries. A population-based quasi-experimental design was used with pre- and post-implementation measurements in an intervention and a control area. The program was based on inter-organizational participation in detecting and taking action against traffic injuries. The total relative risk for traffic injury in the study area showed only a tendency to decrease following program exposure (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.81-1.02). No change in relative risk was observed in the control area. The analyses of program impact on injury severity showed that the relative risk for moderate injuries in the study area was reduced by almost half (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.69), the risk for severe or fatal injuries remained constant (odds ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.80-2.02), and the risk for minor injuries increased (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.59). The relative risk for moderate injuries was reduced by at least half for mopedists, cyclists, pedestrians, and those leaving or entering a motor vehicle. Community-based injury prevention can be a complement to national traffic safety programs. ⌐ 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Needham, Paul, 1948-
(författare)
-
Hydrogen Bonding : Homing in on a Tricky Chemical Concept
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Studies in history and philosophy of science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-3681 .- 1879-2510. ; 44:1, s. 51-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The history of the hydrogen bond provides a good example of the of an important chemical concept. It illustrates the interplay between empirical and theoretical approaches to the problem of delimiting what has proved to be quite an elusive notion, with chemists whittling away at the particular sorts of case with a view to obtaining a precise, unitary concept. Even though there is a return to a more theoretically inspired notion in more recent research, empirical characterisations remain a feature of the report of a Task Group recently set up by the IUPAC to reconsider the definition of the hydrogen bond, and this situation-by no means unusual for chemical concepts and principles-is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future. These developments are reviewed in this paper, which includes an extended discussion of the enormous significance hydrogen bonding has for the philosopher's standard example of a "natural kind", water. There is little to suggest a reduction to what philosophers of physics are pleased to call fundamental principles, and the details raise further questions about what essentialists could possibly have in mind when talking about the microscopic essence of water.
|
|
| 6. |
- Needham, Paul, 1948-
(författare)
-
Nagel’s Analysis of Reduction : Comments in Defence as Well as Critique
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Studies in history and philosophy of modern physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1355-2198 .- 1879-2502. ; 41:2, s. 163-170
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite all the criticism showered on Nagel's classic account of reduction, it meets a fundamental desideratum in an analysis of reduction that is difficult to question, namely of providing for a proper identification of the reducing theory. This is not clearly accommodated in radically different accounts. However, the same feature leads me to question Nagel's claim that the reducing theory can be separated from the putative bridge laws, and thus to question his notion of heterogeneous reduction. A further corollary to the requirement that all the necessary conditions be incorporated in an adequate formulation of the putative reducing theory is that the standard example of gas temperature is not reducible to average molecular kinetic energy. As originally conceived, Nagel's conception of reduction takes no account of approximate reasoning and this failure has certainly restricted its applicability, perhaps to the point of making it unrealistic as a model of reduction in science. I suggest approximation can be accommodated by weakening the original requirement of deduction without jeopardizing the fundamental desideratum. Finally, I turn to briefly consider the idea sometimes raised of the ontological reducibility of chemistry.
|
|
| 7. |
- Needham, Paul, 1948-
(författare)
-
The Source of Chemical Bonding
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Studies in history and philosophy of science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-3681 .- 1879-2510. ; 45, s. 1-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Developments in the application of quantum mechanics to the understanding of the chemical bond are traced with a view to examining the evolving conception of the covalent bond. Beginning with the first quantum mechanical resolution of the apparent paradox in Lewis's conception of a shared electron pair bond by Heitler and London, the ensuing account takes up the challenge molecular orbital theory seemed to pose to the classical conception of the bond. We will see that the threat of delocalisation can be overstated, although it is questionable whether this should be seen as reinstating the issue of the existence of the chemical bond. More salient are some recent developments in a longstanding discussion of how to understand the causal aspects of the bonding interaction the nature of the force involved in the covalent link which are taken up in the latter part of the paper.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Oliw, E, 1948-
(författare)
-
Polyunsaturated C-18 fatty acids derivatized with Gly and Ile as an additional tool for studies of the catalytic evolution of fungal 8-and 9-dioxygenases
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1863:11, s. 1378-1387
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungal linoleate diol synthase (LDS) family contains over twenty characterized 8-, 9-, and 10-dioxygenases (DOX), usually fused to catalytically competent cytochromes P450. Crystal structures are not available, but indirect evidence suggests that linoleic acid enters the active site of 8R-DOX-LDS headfirst and enters 9S-DOX-allene oxide synthase (AOS) with the omega-end (tail) first. Fatty acids derivatized with amino acids can conceivably be used to study oxidation in tail first position by enzymes, which bind natural fatty acids headfirst. The results might reveal catalytic similarities of homologous enzymes. 8R-DOX-5,8-LDS oxidize 18:2n-6-Ile and 18:2n-6-Gly in tail first position to 9S-hydroperoxy metabolites, albeit with less position and stereo specificity than 9S-DOX-AOS. The oxygenation mechanism of 9S-DOX-AOS with antarafacial hydrogen abstraction at C-11 and oxygen insertion at C-9 was also retained. Two homologues, 8R-DOX-7,8-LDS and 8R-DOX-AOS, oxidized 18:2n-6-Ile and 18:2n-6-Gly at C-9, suggesting a conserved feature of 8R-DOX domains. 9R-DOX-AOS, with 54% sequence identity to 9S-DOX-AOS, did not oxidize the derivatized C-18 fatty acids. 9Z,12Z-16:2, two carbon shorter than 18:n-6 from the omega-end, was rapidly metabolized to an alpha-ketol, but 7Z,10Z-16:2 was not a substrate. An unsaturated carbon chain from C-1 to C-8 was apparently more important than the configuration at the omega-end. 8R-DOX-LDS and 9R-DOX-AOS may thus bind 18:2n-6 in the same orientation. The oxidation of 18:2n-6 in straight or reverse head-to-tail positions illustrates evolutionary traits between 8- and 9-DOX domains. Fatty acids derivatized with amino acids provide a complementary tool for the analysis of evolution of enzymes.
|
|
| 10. |
- Rahm, Lars, 1948-
(författare)
-
On the thermal adjustment of an almost-enclosed fluid region with through-flow
- 1986
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0017-9310 .- 1879-2189. ; 29:10, s. 1479-1485
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamics of a heat-up process in a horizontally enclosed fluid region, with an imposed through-flow and subject to weak thermal forcing, is investigated. Based on a boundary layer approach, a simple one-dimensional model for the interior fluid region is derived. The predicted response of the temperature field agrees well with numerical solutions of the corresponding undegenerate one-dimensional problem. The analytical results are in reasonably close agreement with numerical results presented in a companion paper by Hyun and Hyun (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 29, 1487–1493 (1986)).
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Gustafsson, Stig-Inge, 1948-
(författare)
-
Energy usage and conservation in surfacing lines
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 41:15, s. 1649-1669
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with energy usage and conservation for a surfacing line in a carpentry factory. In this line, wood panels are coated with paint in a highly automated fashion. The products vary in shapes and the way they shall be coated, and therefore, a number of machines are present in the line which is about 100 m long. Sanding machines, roller coaters, dryers etc. are installed, and all machinery uses electricity for their operation. There are, however, other equipments coupled to the line. One example is the wood dust transportation system, and another is the steam system used for heating purposes. By use of a number of electricity meters, monitoring ventilation flow rates etc., it has been possible to analyze how much energy is used in the surfacing line and also to propose measures to reduce this amount.
|
|
| 13. |
- Gustafsson, Stig-Inge, 1948-
(författare)
-
Energy Usage in Surfacing Lines
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 41:5, s. 1649-1669
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
|
|
| 14. |
- Oliw, Ernst H., 1948-, et al.
(författare)
-
Manganese lipoxygenase oxidizes bis-allylic hydroperoxides and octadecenoic acids by different mechanisms
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1811:3, s. 138-147
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Manganese lipoxygenase (MnLOX) oxidizes (11R)-hydroperoxylinolenic acid (11R-HpOTrE) to a peroxyl radical. Our aim was to compare the enzymatic oxidation of 11R-HpOTrE and octadecenoic acids with LOO-H and allylic C-H bond dissociation enthalpies of ~88 and ~87kcal/mol. Mn(III)LOX oxidized (11Z)-, (12Z)-, and (13Z)-18:1 to hydroperoxides with R configuration, but this occurred at insignificant rates (<1%) compared to 11R-HpOTrE. We next examined whether transitional metals could mimic this oxidation. Ce(4+) and Mn(3+) transformed 11R-HpOTrE to hydroperoxides at C-9 and C-13 via oxidation to a peroxyl radical at C-11, whereas Fe(3+) was a poor catalyst. Our results suggest that MnLOX oxidizes bis-allylic hydroperoxides to peroxyl radicals in analogy with Ce(4+) and Mn(3+). The enzymatic oxidation likely occurs by proton-coupled electron transfer of the electron from the hydroperoxide anion to Mn(III) and H(+) to the catalytic base, Mn(III)OH(-). Hydroperoxides abolish the kinetic lag times of MnLOX and FeLOX by oxidation of their metal centers, but 11R-HpOTrE was isomerized by MnLOX to (13R)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E,15Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (13R-HpOTrE) with a kinetic lag time. This lag time could be explained by two competing transformations, dehydration of 11R-HpOTrE to 11-ketolinolenic acid and oxidation of 11R-HpOTrE to peroxyl radical; the reaction rate then increases as 13R-HpOTrE oxidizes MnLOX with subsequent formation of two epoxyalcohols. We conclude that oxidation of octadecenoic acids and bis-allylic hydroperoxides occurs by different mechanisms, which likely reflect the nature of the hydrogen bonds, steric factors, and the redox potential of the Mn(III) center.
|
|
| 15. |
- Alexanderson, Camilla, 1978, et al.
(författare)
-
A single early postnatal estradiol injection affects morphology and gene expression of the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue in adult female rats.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1220 .- 0960-0760. ; 122:1-3, s. 82-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Events during early life can affect reproductive and metabolic functions in adulthood. We evaluated the programming effects of a single early postnatal estradiol injection (within 3h after birth) in female rats. We assessed ovarian and parametrial adipose tissue morphology, evaluated gene expression related to follicular development and adipose tissue metabolism, and developed a non-invasive volumetric estimation of parametrial adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging. Estradiol reduced ovarian weight, increased antral follicle size and number of atretic antral follicles, and decreased theca interna thickness in atretic antral follicles. Adult estradiol-injected rats also had malformed vaginal openings and lacked corpora lutea, confirming anovulation. Estradiol markedly reduced parametrial adipose tissue mass. Adipocyte size was unchanged, suggesting reduced adipocyte number. Parametrial adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was increased. In ovaries, estradiol increased mRNA expression of adiponectin, complement component 3, estrogen receptor alpha, and glucose transporter 3 and 4; in parametrial adipose tissue, expression of complement component 3 was increased, expression of estrogen receptor alpha was decreased, and expression of leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase was unaffected. These findings suggest that early postnatal estradiol exposure of female rats result in long-lasting effects on the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue at adult age.
|
|
| 16. |
- Algesten, Grete, et al.
(författare)
-
Organic carbon budget for the Gulf of Bothnia
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Marine Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-7963 .- 1879-1573. ; 63:3-4, s. 155-161
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We calculated input of organic carbon to the unproductive, brackish water basin of the Gulf of Bothnia from rivers, point sources and the atmosphere. We also calculated the net exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the adjacent marine system, the Baltic Proper. We compared the input with sinks for organic carbon; permanent incorporation in sediments and mineralization and subsequent evasion of CO2 to the atmosphere. The major fluxes were riverine input (1500 Gg C year(-1)), exchange with the Baltic Proper (depending on which of several possible DOC concentration differences between the basins that was used in the calculation, the flux varied between an outflow of 466 and an input of 950 Gg C year(-1)), sediment burial (1100 Gg C year) and evasion to the atmosphere (3610 Gg C year(-1)). The largest single net flux was the emission of CO2 to the atmosphere, mainly caused by bacterial mineralization of organic carbon. Input and output did not match in our budget which we ascribe uncertainties in the calculation of the exchange of organic carbon between the Gulf of Bothnia and the Baltic Proper, and the fact that CO2 emission, which in our calculation represented 1 year (2002) may have been overestimated in comparison with long-term means. We conclude that net heterotrophy of the Gulf of Bothnia was due to input of organic carbon from both the catchment and from the Baltic Proper and that the future degree of net heterotrophy will be sensible to both catchment export of organic carbon and to the ongoing eutrophication of the Baltic Proper.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Atashipour, Rasoul, 1983, et al.
(författare)
-
On buckling of layered composite heavy columns—Effect of interlayer bonding imperfection
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Solids and Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7683 .- 1879-2146. ; 260-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Buckling loads of partial composite columns under distributed axial loads is investigated in this paper for the first time. The interlayer interaction corresponding to the level of interfacial bonding imperfection in the layered heavy composite columns is formulated in the model by a shear slip/stiffness modulus. Governing differential equations and boundary equations are derived and represented in a general dimensionless form. A semi-analytical solution is applied to the governing buckling equations of the presented model using power-series technique to extract critical loads of partial composite columns. Five different classical end types are considered namely clamped–clamped (C-C), clamped-pinned (C-P), clamped-sliding (C-S), clamped-free (C-F) and pinned–pinned (P-P). Also, for two extreme cases of non-composite/zero-interaction and full-composite/perfectly-bonded layered columns, exact closed-form characteristic buckling equations are introduced. A convergence study is conducted to ensure stability of the applied power-series solution. It is demonstrated that the obtained buckling loads for partial composite columns with different end conditions approach those obtained from the exact closed-from solution for the full-composite extreme case when the interfacial shear modulus approaches infinity. Effect of imperfect bonding between the column layers and slip on critical buckling loads is investigated. It is shown that a more realistic model based on the partial composite interaction hypothesis predicts critical loads that are less than those based on idealized composite columns with perfect interfacial bonding.
|
|
| 19. |
- Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, et al.
(författare)
-
Pre-hospital trauma care resources for road traffic injuries in a middle-income country-A province based study on need and access in Iran.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 42:9, s. 879-884
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Access to pre-hospital trauma care can help minimize many of traffic related mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries with high rate of traffic deaths such as Iran. The aim of this study was to assess if the distribution of pre-hospital trauma care facilities reflect the burden of road traffic injury and mortality in different provinces in Iran. METHODS: This national cross-sectional study is based on ecological data on road traffic mortality (RTM), road traffic injuries (RTIs) and pre-hospital trauma facilities for all 30 provinces in Iran in 2006. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients were used to describe the distributions of RTM/RTIs and pre-hospital trauma care facilities across provinces. Spearman rank-order correlation was performed to assess the relationship between RTM/RTI and pre-hospital trauma care facilities. RESULTS: RTM and RTIs as well as pre-hospital trauma care facilities were distributed unequally between different provinces. There was no significant association between the rate of RTM and RTIs and the number of pre-hospital trauma care facilities across the country. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of pre-hospital trauma care facilities does not reflect the needs in terms of RTM and RTIs for different provinces. These results suggest that traffic related mortality and morbidity could be reduced if the needs in terms of RTM and RTIs were taken into consideration when distributing pre-hospital trauma care facilities between the provinces.
|
|
| 20. |
- Boman, K K, et al.
(författare)
-
Health and persistent functional late effects in adult survivors of childhood CNS tumours: a population-based cohort study.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 45:14, s. 2552-61
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Survivors of central nervous system (CNS) tumours are particularly vulnerable to tumour- and treatment-related disability. We present the incidence of specific and overall functional and health-related late effects in a national adult survivor cohort. Diagnostic subgroups at particular risk for persistent sequels are identified. Data collection targeted 708 eligible >18 years old survivors, 708 parent proxies and 1000 general population controls. Functional disability including sensory and cognitive impairment, emotional status and pain was assessed using the Health Utilities Index Mark 2/3 (HUI2/3). Survivors and controls, and diagnostic subgroups were contrasted to identify the general and relative risk for late effects by sub-diagnosis. Survivors had persistent late effects in sensation, mobility, self-care and cognition. Deficits in these domains indicated clinically important disability in overall health, although indices of emotion and pain were unaffected compared to controls. Late effects tended to aggravate with time, and female survivors had poorer health. Oligodendroglioma, mixed/unspecified glioma, intracranial germ cell tumour and medulloblastoma survivors had poorest overall health. Least late effects were found for other specified/unspecified CNS tumours (including meningeoma and nerve sheath tumours), and for astrocytoma. An impact on educational, vocational and family-related outcomes, and higher utilisation of social insurance or government subsidies validated health-related sequelae in adulthood. Comparisons with controls confirm persistent disability in multiple functional domains in adult CNS tumour survivors. The heightened proportion of survivors presenting severe disability is a factor that specifically differentiates survivors from controls, although diagnostic subgroups differ significantly regarding the amount and severity of late effects.
|
|
| 21. |
- Brown, A. Kyle, et al.
(författare)
-
Lacto-N-fucopentaose-III ameliorates acute and persisting hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission deficits in a Gulf War Illness mouse model
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Life Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0024-3205 .- 1879-0631. ; 279
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The present study investigated if treatment with the immunotherapeutic, lacto-N-fucopentaose-III (LNFPIII), resulted in amelioration of acute and persisting deficits in synaptic plasticity and transmission as well as trophic factor expression along the hippocampal dorsoventral axis in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness (GWI).Main methods: Mice received either coadministered or delayed LNFPIII treatment throughout or following, respectively, exposure to a 15-day GWI induction paradigm. Subsets of animals were subsequently sacrificed 48 h, seven months, or 11 months post GWI-related (GWIR) exposure for hippocampal qPCR or in vitro electrophysiology experiments.Key findings: Progressively worsened impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, as well as a biphasic effect on hippocampal synaptic transmission, were detected in GWIR-exposed animals. Dorsoventral-specific impairments in hippocampal synaptic responses became more pronounced over time, particularly in the dorsal hippocampus. Notably, delayed LNFPIII treatment ameliorated GWI-related aberrations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and transmission seven and 11 months post-exposure, an effect that was consistent with enhanced hippocampal trophic factor expression and absence of increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) in animals treated with LNFPIII.Significance: Approximately a third of Gulf War Veterans have GWI; however, GWI therapeutics are presently limited to targeted and symptomatic treatments. As increasing evidence underscores the substantial role of persisting neuroimmune dysfunction in GWI, efficacious neuroactive immunotherapeutics hold substantial promise in yielding GWI remission. The findings in the present report indicate that LNFPIII may be an efficacious candidate for ameliorating persisting neurological abnormalities presented in GWI.
|
|
| 22. |
- Câmara-Costa, Hugo, et al.
(författare)
-
Neuropsychological Outcome of Children Treated for Standard Risk Medulloblastoma in the PNET4 European Randomized Controlled Trial of Hyperfractionated Versus Standard Radiation Therapy and Maintenance Chemotherapy.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-355X .- 0360-3016. ; 92:5, s. 978-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the European HIT-SIOP PNET4 randomized controlled trial, children with standard risk medulloblastoma were allocated to hyperfractionated radiation therapy (HFRT arm, including a partially focused boost) or standard radiation therapy (STRT arm), followed, in both arms, by maintenance chemotherapy. Event-free survival was similar in both arms. Previous work showed that the HFRT arm was associated with worse growth and better questionnaire-based executive function, especially in children <8years of age at diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare performance-based cognitive outcomes between treatment arms.
|
|
| 23. |
- Dahllöf, Ingela, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of TBT on the Structure of a Marine Sediment Community - a Boxcosm Study
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 42:8, s. 689-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of tri-n-butyl tin (TBT) on an intact marine sediment community after five months exposure was investigated. Changes in the structure of macro- and meiofauna communities were determined, as well as the functional diversity of the microbial community using BIOLOG microplates for Gram negative bacteria. Development of tolerance in the microbial community was investigated using Pollution Induced Community Tolerance (PICT) experiments with fluxes of nutrients as effect indicators. TBT affected the structure and recruitment of the macro- and meiofauna at nominal additions of 30137 mol TBT/m2 sediment. Number of species, diversity, biomass and community similarity was reduced at these concentrations compared to control. Species that molt seemed to be the most tolerant since they were predominant in boxes that had received the highest TBT addition and echinoderms were the most sensitive species. Renewed addition of TBT in PICT experiments with sediment from each boxcosm showed that TBT had an effect on individual nutrient fluxes from all sediments. Analyses of the flux patterns revealed a memory of previous TBT exposure, either due to induced tolerance or other community conditioning.
|
|
| 24. |
- Dapi Nzefa, Léonie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Socioeconomic and gender differences in adolescents' nutritional status in urban Cameroon, Africa.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - New York : Elsevier. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 29:5, s. 313-319
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess adolescents' nutritional status according to socioeconomic status (SES) and sex using anthropometry in urban Cameroon, Africa. Adolescent boys (n = 248) and girls (n = 333) 12 to 16 years old were recruited from randomly selected schools in a cross sectional study in Yaoundé city and grouped according to SES. Weight, height, skinfold thickness, and circumferences were measured, and body mass index, waist/hip ratio, arm muscle, and arm fat areas were calculated. Stunting, underweight, and overweight were determined using international cutoff points. Adolescents with medium and high SES were less likely to be stunted than adolescents with low SES (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; P < .01). Prevalences of stunting (12%, 6%, and 5%) and underweight (3%, 4%, and 1%) were higher among the adolescents with low and medium SES than those with high SES. Overweight prevalence was high among the adolescents with low (8%), medium (11%), and high (9%) SES. The OR for overweight was higher among girls than boys (OR, 4.13; P < .001). Girls were less likely to be stunted and underweight than boys (OR, 0.29 [P < .001] and OR, 0.20 [P < .01], respectively). Prevalences of stunting (15% and 6%) and underweight (5% and 2%) were higher among boys than girls. Pubescent adolescents were less likely to be stunted than nonpubescent (OR, 0.53; P < .05). Adolescents with low and medium SES were more underweight and stunted than adolescents with high SES. Girls were more overweight, less stunted, and underweight than boys.
|
|
| 25. |
- Ekberg, Christian, 1967, et al.
(författare)
-
Using At-211 as internal alpha radiolysis source allowing for simple detection of radiolysis products
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0895 .- 0969-806X. ; 79:4, s. 454-456
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The determination of radiolysis products is an important field both for the basic understanding of the radiolysis process and for process development. The latter case mainly dealing with processes for handling radioactive wastes. There are several kinds of radiolysis processes that originate from the different kinds of radiation. Gamma rays and high-energy beta has a high ability to penetrate barriers while alpha irradiation in principle has to be performed with the radiation emitting nuclide inside the actual sample. This can be a problem since most laboratories able to identify radiolysis products cannot handle alpha contaminated samples. In this paper we suggest the use of At-211 as internal alpha emitting radionuclide. Due to its short half-life and decay to more or less stable daughters the radiolysis products may be examined using normal equipment without causing contamination.
|
|
| 26. |
- Forslund, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Does remediation save lives? - on the cost of cleaning up arsenic-contaminated sites in Sweden.
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Science of the total environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 408:16, s. 3085-91
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has only just begun remediation of its many contaminated sites, a process that will cost an estimated SEK 60,000 million (USD 9100 million). Although the risk assessment method, carried out by the Swedish EPA, is driven by health effects, it does not consider actual exposure. Instead, the sites are assessed based on divergence from guideline values. This paper uses an environmental medicine approach that takes exposure into account to analyse how cancer risks on and near arsenic-contaminated sites are implicitly valued in the remediation process. The results show that the level of ambition is high. At 23 contaminated sites, the cost per life saved varies from SEK 287 million to SEK 1,835,000 million, despite conservative calculations that in fact probably underestimate the costs. It is concluded that if environmental health risks are to be reduced, there are probably other areas where economic resources can be used more cost-effectively.
|
|
| 27. |
- Gabre, Pia, et al.
(författare)
-
Simplified methods of topical fluoride administration: effects in individuals with hyposalivation.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Special Care in Dentistry. - : Wiley. - 1754-4505 .- 0275-1879. ; 33:3, s. 111-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to compare fluoride (F) levels in individuals with normal salivary secretion and hyposalivation in connection with their use of F solutions and toothpaste. Seven individuals with normal salivation and nine with hyposalivation rinsed with 0.2% NaF solution for 1 minute. In addition, individuals with hyposalivation performed the following: (i) 0.2% NaF rinsing for 20 seconds, (ii) rubbing oral mucosa with a swab soaked with 0.2% NaF solution, and (iii) brushing with 5,000 ppm F (1.1% NaF) toothpaste. Subjects characterized by hyposalivation reached approximately five times higher peak values of F concentrations in saliva after 1 minute rinsing with the F solution and higher area under the curve (AUC) values. The simplified methods exhibited the same AUC values as did 1 minute of rinsing. Brushing with 5,000 ppm F toothpaste resulted in higher AUC values than did the simplified methods. The F concentrations reached higher levels in individuals with hyposalivation compared to those with normal salivation. The simplified methods tested showed similar effects as conventional methods.
|
|
| 28. |
- Gripe, Isabella, et al.
(författare)
-
Associations Between Cannabis Use and Mental Distress in Young People: A Longitudinal Study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeDespite a large number of studies on the relation between cannabis use and mental distress in adolescence, results are inconclusive regarding the nature of this association. The aim of the present study is to expand this body of research by analyzing the within-person association between changes in cannabis use and changes in mental distress among young people.MethodsWe used longitudinal data from a national sample of young people in Norway. The cohort was assessed in 1992 (T1), 1994 (T2), 1999 (T3), and 2005 (T4). The cumulative response rate was 60%. Respondents who participated in all four waves, aged 11–18 years at T1 (N = 1,988) were analyzed. Within-person association between changes in cannabis use and changes in mental distress in terms of symptoms of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and deliberate self-harm were estimated by applying fixed-effects modeling.ResultsFor males, an increase in cannabis use from no use to more than 10 times/year was significantly associated with increased risk for anxiety (relative risk [RR]: 1.72, p = .009), depressed mood (RR: 1.49, p < .001), and suicidal ideation (RR: 3.43, p = .012). For females, the corresponding increase in cannabis use yielded an increased risk for anxiety (RR: 1.38, p = .023) and suicidal ideation (RR: 2.47, p = .002).DiscussionIncreased cannabis use during adolescence and young adulthood seem to increase the risk for symptoms of mental distress. Although the associations appear to be more pronounced among males, it was only for depression that there was a statistically significant gender difference in the association.
|
|
| 29. |
- Hallingberg, Britt, et al.
(författare)
-
Joint Family Activities and Adolescent Health and Wellbeing : Further Considerations Following the War in Ukraine
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 71:1, s. 132-133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To the Editors:As the authors of the article, “Typologies of Joint Family Activities and Associations With Mental Health and Wellbeing Among Adolescents From Four Countries,” we would like to provide a statement in light of recent events taking place in Eastern Europe [1]. Following the tragic events surrounding the war in Ukraine which started on February 24, 2022, more than half the country’s 7.5 million children have now been displaced [2]. At the time of this paper’s acceptance, hundreds of thousands of refugees making up mostly women and children have travelled to Slovakia, Czechia, and even Russia [3]; countries of focus in the current study. Families have been separated, and the once familiar routines of school and leisure for many Ukrainian children have been replaced with ensuring survival coupled with trauma and unfamiliarity. Lack of housing, malnutrition/hunger, exposure to infectious disease but also deprivation of education, sport, and leisure, are just some of the devastating impacts from armed conflicts on young people’s health and wellbeing [4]. Families from Ukraine will add to the growing number of refugees in the world, a group of over 21 million people who can often struggle with sociocultural differences in the countries they take refuge, as well as accessing information due to language barriers [5]. Many of the most common family activities for the children in our study, such as eating a meal and talking together, will likely present differently or have very different meaning among the hundreds of children who have arrived and will continue to come to these countries. Similarly, the mental health and wellbeing of both those from Ukraine and those from countries geographically close to the conflict will almost certainly suffer following these terrible events. Júnior et al. [4] highlight the importance of addressing children’s psychosocial needs, recommending parents create a safe space that allows for listening to children. As demonstrated in our paper, spending time together with family is important for adolescent’s health wellbeing and may be particularly crucial for families affected by the crisis. We hope that future research surrounding leisure time use and adolescent health considers the needs of marginalized and vulnerable groups of young people in particular, such as those affected and displaced by war and conflict.
|
|
| 30. |
- Han, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
A study on chest injury mechanism and the effectiveness of a headform impact test for pedestrian chest protection from vehicle collisions
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 50:5, s. 1304-1312
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was aimed at investigating the injury mechanism of pedestrian chests in collisions with passenger vehicles of various frontal shapes and examining the influence of the local structural stiffness on the chest injury risk by using the headform impact test at the chest contact area of the vehicle. Three simulations of vehicle to pedestrian collisions were conducted using three validated pedestrian finite element (FE) models of three pedestrian heights of 177 (AM50th), 165 and 150 cm and three FE vehicles,models representing a one-box vehicle, a minicar and a medium car. The validity of the vehicle models was evaluated by comparing the headform acceleration against the measured responses from headform impact tests. The chest impact kinematics and the injury mechanisms were analyzed in terms of the distribution of the von Mises stress of the ribcage and in terms of the chest deflections. The chest contact locations on the front panel and the bonnet top were identified in connection to the causation of rib fractures. The risk of rib fractures was predicted by using the von Mises stress distribution. The headform impact tests were carried out at the chest contact area on the front panel and bonnet to examine the safety performance with respect to pedestrian chest protection. In simulations of the one-box vehicle to pedestrian collisions, the chest was struck directly by the frontal structure at a high velocity and deformed substantially, since a shear force was generated by the stiff windshield frame. The acceleration of the headform was related to the rib deflections. The injury threshold of the ribcage deflection (42 mm) corresponded to the headform average acceleration of 68G. In the minicar collision, the chest was struck with the bonnet top and cowl area at a low velocity, and the deformation was small due to the distributed contact force between the chest and the bonnet top. Besides, the ribcage deformation was too small for bridging a relation between the headform accelerations and rib deflections. In the medium car collision, the deformation mode of the chest was similar to that in the minicar collision. The chest collided with the bonnet top at a low velocity and deformed uniformly. The deflection of the ribs had an observable correlation with the headform accelerations measured in the headform impact tests. The frontal shape of a vehicle has a large influence on a pedestrian's chest loadings, and the chest deformation depends on the size of the pedestrian and the stiffness of the vehicle. The one-box passenger vehicle causes a high chest injury risk. The headform impactor test can be utilized for the evaluation of the local stiffness of a vehicle's frontal structure. The reduction of the headform acceleration is an effective measure for pedestrian chest protection for specific shapes of vehicles by efficacy in modifying the local structural stiffness.
|
|
| 31. |
- Hendriks, Kasper P., et al.
(författare)
-
Global Brassicaceae phylogeny based on filtering of 1,000-gene dataset
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 33:19, s. 4052-4068
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mustard family (Brassicaceae) is a scientifically and economically important family, containing the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and numerous crop species that feed billions worldwide. Despite its relevance, most phylogenetic trees of the family are incompletely sampled and often contain poorly supported branches. Here, we present the most complete Brassicaceae genus-level family phylogenies to date (Bras-sicaceae Tree of Life or BrassiToL) based on nuclear (1,081 genes, 319 of the 349 genera; 57 of the 58 tribes) and plastome (60 genes, 265 genera; all tribes) data. We found cytonuclear discordance between the two, which is likely a result of rampant hybridization among closely and more distantly related lineages. To eval-uate the impact of such hybridization on the nuclear phylogeny reconstruction, we performed five different gene sampling routines, which increasingly removed putatively paralog genes. Our cleaned subset of 297 genes revealed high support for the tribes, whereas support for the main lineages (supertribes) was moder-ate. Calibration based on the 20 most clock-like nuclear genes suggests a late Eocene to late Oligocene origin of the family. Finally, our results strongly support a recently published new family classification, dividing the family into two subfamilies (one with five supertribes), together representing 58 tribes. This includes five recently described or re-established tribes, including Arabidopsideae, a monogeneric tribe accommodating Arabidopsis without any close relatives. With a worldwide community of thousands of researchers working on Brassicaceae and its diverse members, our new genus-level family phylogeny will be an indispensable tool for studies on biodiversity and plant biology.
|
|
| 32. |
- Holmgren, Jan, 1944, et al.
(författare)
-
Mucosal adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 97:2, s. 181-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucosal immunisation may be used both to protect the mucosal surfaces against infections and as a means for immunological treatment of peripheral immunopathological disorders through the induction of systemic antigen-specific tolerance ('oral tolerance'). The development of mucosal vaccines, whether for prevention of infectious diseases or for oral tolerance immunotherapy, requires efficient antigen delivery and adjuvant systems that can help to present the appropriate vaccine or immunotherapy antigens to the mucosal immune system. The most potent (but also toxic) mucosal adjuvants are cholera toxin (CT) and the closely related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), and much effort and significant progress have been made recently to generate toxicologically acceptable derivatives of these toxins with retained adjuvant activity. Among these are the non-toxic, recombinantly produced cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB). CTB is a specific protective antigen component of a widely registered oral cholera vaccine as well as a promising vector for either giving rise to mucosal anti-infective immunity or for inducing peripheral anti-inflammatory tolerance to chemically or genetically linked foreign antigens administered mucosally. CT and CTB have also recently been used as combined vectors and adjuvants for markedly promoting ex vivo dendritic cell (DC) vaccination with different antigens and also steering the immune response to the in vivo-reinfused DCs towards either broad Th1 + Th2 + CTL immunity (CT) or Th2 or tolerance (CTB). Another type of mucosal adjuvants is represented by bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG-motifs, which especially when linked to CTB have been found to effectively stimulate both innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses. The properties and clinical potential of these different classes of adjuvants are being discussed. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 33. |
- Huang, Sunan, 1979, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Remote Pedestrian Sensor System Based on the Analysis of Car-Pedestrian Accident Scenarios
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 46:9, s. 1345-1355
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of a remote sensor system for pedestrian detection in a vehicle traffic environment. For this purpose, the car-pedestrian accident scenarios were analyzed using selected data from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA), a database developed by collecting accident data from the police and hospitals. The two most common scenarios were identified as cars entering and leaving intersections colliding with pedestrians crossing the road. The knowledge of these two scenarios was then developed in terms of the factors such as the pedestrian’s trajectory, the pedestrian’s speed, the car’s trajectory and the car’s velocity. Based on the developed knowledge, a mathematical model was presented and the remote pedestrian sensor system was evaluated by using this model. It was found that the sensor system can detect almost all the pedestrians in these two scenarios in time, in the case where the detective angle was larger than 60 degrees.
|
|
| 34. |
- Jansson, Stefan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
-
Antenna protein composition of PS I and PS II in thylakoid sub-domains
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. - 0005-2728 .- 1879-2650. ; 1320:3, s. 297-309
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spinach thylakoids were separated into grana core, grana margin, and two different stromal lamella fractions in the absence of detergents. The levels of all light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding (LHC) proteins were determined in all fractions, and were normalised to the amount of Photosystem I (PS I) and Photosystem II (PS II) centres. PS I beta in the stroma lamellae was found to have a full complement of Lhca polypeptides and, probably, one attached LHC II trimer. PS I alpha binds additional LHC II trimers, but PS I centres located in the inner parts of the grana stack lack Lhca1 and are depleted in Lhca4. PS II beta, found in grana margins and stroma lamellae, seems to associate one monomer each of Lhcb4, Lhcb5 and Lhcb6 (CP29, CP76 and CP24, respectively) and one LHC II trimer consisting of two Lhcb1 and one Lhcb3 subunit. PS II alpha has additional LHC II trimers (consisting of Lhcb1 and Lhcb2) attached. We also find evidence for the existence of both PS I and PS II centres in the extreme stroma (probably centres being synthesised or repaired), that lack all LHC proteins. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
|
|
| 35. |
- Jiang, X., et al.
(författare)
-
An investigation of biomechanical mechanisms of occupant femur injuries under compression-bending load
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Lixue Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. - 0459-1879. ; 46:3, s. 465-474
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Occupant femur fractures occur frequently under compression-bending load in the frontal crashes of passenger cars. In order to explore the injury mechanisms and tolerances of occupants' femur in this load condition, a finite element model of the lower extremity in the sitting posture was developed based on the anatomy of a 50th percentile male. Then the model was validated against two types of cadaver tests, including three-point dynamic bending test of the femur and the axial impact test on the knee-thigh complex. A study of femur fractures under compression-bending load has been carried out using an analytical model of the curved beam. Furthermore, six virtual tests were conducted using the validated finite element model. The results show that the location of bone fractures and the tolerance of the femur depend on both bending load and axial compression. With the increasing preload of the bending moment from 0 to 676 Nm, the femur fracture location was shift from the femoral neck to the shaft. Regarding the tests with fractures occurring in the femoral neck, the tolerance of the femur is between 285 and 296 Nm. For the other tests with fractures located in the femoral shaft, the tolerance of the femur is between 381 and 443 Nm. The results indicated that the femur fractures always occurred at the femoral neck in axial impact tests on the knee-thigh complex, but in real world car frontal impacts the femoral shaft fractures can be observed frequently.
|
|
| 36. |
- Johansson, Bengt, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Pulsed dose rate brachytherapy as the sole adjuvant radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery of T1-T2 breast cancer : first long time results from a clinical study
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 90:1, s. 30-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate the long time outcome with regard to local tumour control, cosmetic outcome and side effects of a short (5 days) accelerated interstitial brachytherapy treatment delivered to the surroundings of the operated sector. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 2003 we treated 50 women with early T1 and T2 breast cancer. Radical sector resection was performed and followed later with an interstitial pulsed dose rate (PDR) brachytherapy of 50Gy in 5 days. The treatment was centred on the tumour with a margin of 30mm. One patient was treated bilaterally. The patients were followed for a median of 86 (32-126) months. RESULTS: Ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence was seen in 3 patients (6%). Two of them occurred outside the treated volume. The 5- and 7-year rates of actuarial local control were 96% and 96%, respectively, overall survival 88% and 85%, disease free survival 88% and 88%, respectively. A dosimetrical analysis showed that the partial breast irradiation covered a median of 31% of the total breast volume. Fat necrosis was seen in 12% and local (moderate-strong) fibrosis in 26% of the patients. Independent cosmetic scoring showed good or excellent result in 56% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Local outcome is favourable and very similar to other published studies of accelerated partial breast irradiation. Our long time cosmetic results are lower than other published results.
|
|
| 37. |
- Jonsson, Andreas, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect on transparency and light scattering of dip coated antireflection coatings on window glass and plastics
-
Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High visible transmittance values are interesting for windows in general and for the bleached state of smart windows in particular. For smart windows it is always possible to darken them and therefore the transparency of the bleached state can never become too high. One way of achieving a higher transmittance could be the use of antireflective coatings on the surfaces of the smart window. In this project the use of dip coating for putting antireflective coatings on window surfaces has been studied. The effect on transmittance and surface light scattering has been investigated and the results show that antireflective coatings on windows can have a positive impact on both.
|
|
| 38. |
- Kalla, R, et al.
(författare)
-
Regulation of phycobilisome rod proteins and messenger-RNA at different light intensities in the cyanobacterium synechococcus 6301
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Gene. - 0378-1119 .- 1879-0038. ; 126:1, s. 77-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The regulation of the light-harvesting antennae, the phycobilisome (Pbs), and the cpcB1A1-cpcH-cpcI-cpcD operon encoding the structural proteins of the Pbs rod, was studied in the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301, when grown at different light intensities (li). Pbs were purified and their linker protein (LP) profiles analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. At increasing li, the amount of the distal 30-kDa LP decreased prior to any change in the amount of the proximal 33-kDa LP, indicating a sequential increase in the Pbs rod length. While the amount of LP in the rod decreased with increasing li, the levels of the LP mRNAs increased. Post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of the polycistronic cpcB1A1-cpcH-cpcI-cpcD mRNA was inferred from these observations. The half-life of the mRNAs studied was typically found to be 7 min with four exceptions: (1 and 2) the half-lives for the 3.4- and 3.7-kb polycistronic LP mRNAs were 16 and 1 min at the low (lli) and high li (hli), respectively; (3) the half-life of the 1.4-kb cpcB1A1 mRNA was 2 min at lli; and (4) the 1.3-kb cpcB1A1 transcript had a half-life of 10 min at lli. At hli, it was found that the 1.3-kb cpcB1A1 transcript did not start to disappear until the amount of the 1.4-kb cpcB1A1 transcript had reached the level equal to that of the 1.3-kb mRNA, implying that the 1.4-kb transcript might be processed to the 1.3-kb form.
|
|
| 39. |
- Kanervo, Eira, et al.
(författare)
-
Dissecting a cyanobacterial proteolytic system : Efficiency in inducing degradation of the D1 protein of photosystem II in cyanobacteria and plants
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-2728 .- 1879-2650. ; 1607:2-3, s. 131-140
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A chromatography fraction, prepared from isolated thylakoids of a fatty acid desaturation mutant (Fad6/desAKmr) of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803, could induce an initial cleavage of the D1 protein in Photosystem II (PSII) particles of Synechocystis 6803 mutant and Synechococcus 7002 wild type as well as in supercomplexes of PSII-light harvesting complex II of spinach. Proteolysis was demonstrated both in darkness and in light as a reduction in the amount of full-length D1 protein or as a production of C-terminal initial degradation fragments. In the Synechocystis mutant, the main degradation fragment was a 10-kDa C-terminal one, indicating an initial cleavage occurring in the cytoplasmic DE-loop of the D1 protein. A protein component of 70-90 kDa isolated from the chromatographic fraction was found to be involved in the production of this 10-kDa fragment. In spinach, only traces of the corresponding fragment were detected, whereas a 24-kDa C-terminal fragment accumulated, indicating an initial cleavage in the lumenal AB-loop of the D1 protein. Also in Synechocystis the 24-kDa fragment was detected as a faint band. An antibody raised against the Arabidopsis DegP2 protease recognized a 35-kDa band in the proteolytically active chromatographic fraction, suggesting the existence of a lumenal protease that may be the homologue DegP of Synechocystis. The identity of the other protease cleaving the D1 protein in the DE-loop exposed on the stromal (cytoplasmic) side of the membrane is discussed. ⌐ 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 40. |
- Karlsson, Reine, et al.
(författare)
-
EcoDesign: what's happening? An overview of the subject area of EcoDesign and of the papers in this special issue
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 14:15-16, s. 1291-1298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- EcoDesign is a concept including human sustainability priorities together with business interrelations. Its main objective in the improvementof product development methods is to reduce environmental loads. EcoDesign also includes a more open ambition to use inspiration from a widerfield of positive examples of smart products and methods, effective system solutions and attractive designs. It is not clear what sustainable productdevelopment is; what we can do is to try our best to find better solutions, get going and make sure that we learn from what happens. Our maingoal with this issue was to monitor ‘‘How to make it happen?’’ but we ended up with more questions and the lower ambition of, ‘‘What’s happening’’.Life-style elements such as brand label economy, development of new economies in Asia, aging populations in the old economies etc. makesthe picture even more complex and we still wonder, ‘‘How to make it happen’’. However, a few focal points can be observed:The tools in EcoDesign are not as important as specification and goal setting in early product development phases. How to organize productdevelopment is crucial in order to reach higher degrees of sustainability. The interrelations between resources and functionality must be enhanced.Environmental affection must be integrated into the human life-style and throughout the entire life-cycle of all products and services.To us it seems impossible to define a sustainable life-style and force everyone to follow. We must engage all stakeholders in envisioning andcreating the sustainable societies we hope to achieve.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Kilbo Edlund, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term ambient air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis : results from the Swedish SCAPIS study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Despite firm evidence for an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, results from epidemiological studies on the association between air pollution exposure and atherosclerosis have not been consistent. We investigated associations between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and coronary atherosclerosis.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the large Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS, n = 30 154), a random general population sample. Concentrations of total and locally emitted particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residential address were modelled using high-resolution dispersion models. We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and segment involvement score (SIS), coronary artery calcification score (CACS), number of non-calcified plaques (NCP), and number of significant stenoses, using ordinal regression models extensively adjusted for potential confounders.Results: Median 10-year average PM2.5 exposure was 6.2 μg/m3 (range 3.5–13.4 μg/m3). 51 % of participants were women and 51 % were never-smokers. None of the assessed pollutants were associated with a higher SIS or CACS. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with NCP (adjusted OR 1.34, 95 % CI 1.13, 1.58, per 2.05 μg/m3). Associations with significant stenoses were inconsistent.Conclusions: In this large, middle-aged general population sample with low exposure levels, air pollution was not associated with measures of total burden of coronary atherosclerosis. However, PM2.5 appeared to be associated with a higher prevalence of non-calcified plaques. The results suggest that increased risk of early-stage atherosclerosis or rupture, but not increased total atherosclerotic burden, may be a pathway for long-term air pollution effects on cardiovascular disease.
|
|
| 43. |
- Kilbo Edlund, Karl, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term ambient air pollution and coronary atherosclerosis: Results from the Swedish SCAPIS study.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 1879-1484.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite firm evidence for an association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, results from epidemiological studies on the association between air pollution exposure and atherosclerosis have not been consistent. We investigated associations between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and coronary atherosclerosis.We performed a cross-sectional analysis in the large Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImaging Study (SCAPIS, n=30154), a random general population sample. Concentrations of total and locally emitted particulate matter <2.5μm (PM2.5), <10μm (PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the residential address were modelled using high-resolution dispersion models. We estimated associations between air pollution exposures and segment involvement score (SIS), coronary artery calcification score (CACS), number of non-calcified plaques (NCP), and number of significant stenoses, using ordinal regression models extensively adjusted for potential confounders.Median 10-year average PM2.5 exposure was 6.2μg/m3 (range 3.5-13.4μg/m3). 51% of participants were women and 51% were never-smokers. None of the assessed pollutants were associated with a higher SIS or CACS. Exposure to PM2.5 was associated with NCP (adjusted OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13, 1.58, per 2.05μg/m3). Associations with significant stenoses were inconsistent.In this large, middle-aged general population sample with low exposure levels, air pollution was not associated with measures of total burden of coronary atherosclerosis. However, PM2.5 appeared to be associated with a higher prevalence of non-calcified plaques. The results suggest that increased risk of early-stage atherosclerosis or rupture, but not increased total atherosclerotic burden, may be a pathway for long-term air pollution effects on cardiovascular disease.
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
- Larsson, Mats, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
-
Photoluminescence study of Si/Ge quantum dots
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Surface Science. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 532-535, s. 832-836
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ge quantum dots embedded in Si are studied by means of photoluminescence (PL). The temperature dependent PL measurements show two different types of recombination processes related to the quantum dots. We ascribe a peak near 0.80 eV to the spatially indirect recombination in the type-II band lineup where the electron is located in the surrounding Si close to the interface and the hole in the Ge dot. Furthermore, a peak near 0.85 eV is attributed to the spatially direct recombination. We observe a transition from the spatially indirect to the spatially direct recombination as the temperature is increased. The measurements also show an up-shift of the Ge quantum dot emission energy with increasing excitation power density. The blueshift is primarily ascribed to an enhanced confinement of the electron associated with the increased band bending at the type-II Si/Ge interface at high carrier densities. Comparison is made with results, derived from measurements on uncapped samples. For these uncapped samples, no energy shifts due to excitation power or temperatures are observed in contrast to the capped samples. ⌐ 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 46. |
- Lesniak, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
High-throughput screening and radioligand binding studies reveal monoamine oxidase-B as the primary binding target for D-deprenyl
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Life Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-3205 .- 1879-0631. ; 152, s. 231-237
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: D-deprenyl is a useful positron emission tomography tracer for visualization of inflammatory processes. Studies with [C-11]-D-deprenyl showed robust uptake in peripheral painful sites of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or chronic whiplash injury. The mechanism of preferential D-deprenyl uptake is not yet known, but the existence of a specific binding site was proposed. Thus, in the present study, we sought to identify the binding site for D-deprenyl and verify the hypothesis about the possibility of monoamine oxidase enzymes as major targets for this molecule. Main methods: A high-throughput analysis of D-deprenyl activity towards 165 G-protein coupled receptors and 84 enzyme targets was performed. Additionally, binding studies were used to verify the competition of [H-3]D-deprenyl with ligands specific for targets identified in the high-throughput screen. Key findings: Our high-throughput investigation identified monoamine oxidase-B, monoamine oxidase-A and angiotensin converting enzyme as potential targets for D-deprenyl. Further competitive [3H] D-deprenyl binding studies with specific inhibitors identified monoamine oxidase-B as the major binding site. No evident high-affinity hits were identified among G-protein coupled receptors. Significance: Our study was the first to utilize a high-throughput screening approach to identify putative D-deprenyl targets. It verified 249 candidate proteins and confirmed the role of monoamine oxidase - B in D-deprenyl binding. Our results add knowledge about the possible mechanism of D-deprenyl binding, which might aid in explaining the increased uptake of this compound in peripheral inflammation. Monoamine oxidase-B will be further investigated in future studies utilizing human inflamed synovium.
|
|
| 47. |
- Lozovik, Y. E., et al.
(författare)
-
Strong correlation effects in 2D Bose-Einstein condensed dipolar excitons
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Solid State Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-1098 .- 1879-2766. ; 144:9, s. 399-404
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By doing quantum Monte Carlo ab initio simulations we show that dipolar excitons, which are now under experimental study, actually are strongly correlated systems. Strong correlations manifest in significant deviations of excitation spectra from the Bogoliubov one, large Bose condensate depletion, short-range order in the pair correlation function, and peak(s) in the structure factor. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 48. |
- Malm, Annika, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
The association of drinking water treatment and distribution network disturbances with Health Call Centre contacts for gastrointestinal illness symptoms
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Water Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 47:13, s. 4474-4484
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are relatively few studies on the association between disturbances in drinking waterservices and symptoms of gastrointestinal (GI) illness. Health Call Centres data concerningGI illness may be a useful source of information. This study investigates if there is anincreased frequency of contacts with the Health Call Centre (HCC) concerning gastrointestinal symptoms at times when there is a risk of impaired water quality due to disturbances at water works or the distribution network. The study was conducted inGothenburg, a Swedish city with 0.5 million inhabitants with a surface water source ofdrinking water and two water works. All HCC contacts due to GI symptoms (diarrhoea,vomiting or abdominal pain) were recorded for a three-year period, including also sex, age,and geocoded location of residence. The number of contacts with the HCC in the affectedgeographical areas were recorded during eight periods of disturbances in the water works(e.g. short stops of chlorine dosing), six periods of large disturbances in the distributionnetwork (e.g. pumping station failure or pipe breaks with major consequences), and 818pipe break and leak repairs over a three-year period. For each period of disturbance theobserved number of calls was compared with the number of calls during a control periodwithout disturbances in the same geographical area. In total about 55, 000 calls to the HCCdue to GI symptoms were recorded over the three-year period, 35 per 1000 inhabitants andyear, but much higher (>200) for children
|
|
| 49. |
- Morelli, Paula I, et al.
(författare)
-
IFNgamma regulates PDGF-receptor alpha expression in macrophages, THP-1 cells, and arterial smooth muscle cells.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 184:1, s. 39-47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) contributes to inflammation and development of intimal hyperplasia during atherosclerosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for SMC, signalling through PDGF-receptor subunits alpha (Ralpha) and beta (Rbeta). We have previously found that interferon gamma (IFNgamma) upregulates PDGF-Ralpha mRNA expression in human MDM (hMDM) which causes an increased migration towards PDGF. In the present study, we found that IFNgamma mediated an upregulation of PDGF-Ralpha mRNA also in THP-1 cells. The induction of PDGF-Ralpha in both hMDM and THP-1 cells was caused by STAT1 binding to the PDGF-Ralpha promoter. In human ASMCs, IFNgamma again stimulated a transient STAT1-binding to the PDGF-Ralpha promoter. However, this was not followed by an upregulation of PDGF-Ralpha mRNA. IFNgamma-stimulation resulted in augmented expression of PDGF-Ralpha protein in differentiated hMDM. Early hMDM only expressed an immature and not fully glycosylated form of the PDGF-Ralpha protein. In contrast, THP-1 cells did not synthesize PDGF-Ralpha protein, implying further posttranscriptional inhibition. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the complex regulation of PDGF-Ralpha expression and how proinflammatory factors may contribute to PDGF-related hyperplasia in vascular diseases.
|
|
| 50. |
- Nilsson, Joacim, et al.
(författare)
-
Differentiation-associated redox-regulation in human B cell lines from stem cell/pro-B to plasma cell
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 94:1-2, s. 83-89
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Redox-regulation of receptors and transcription factors are important for lymphocyte activation, differentiation and apoptosis. Thioredoxin (Trx) is a key redox-regulating protein and oxidative stress sensor operating in synergy with Trx-reductase and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The expression of Trx, PDI, and the Trx-regulated transcription-factor Pax5 were analyzed in a panel of human B cell lines and were compared with that of the Bcl-2 family proteins, also redox-controlled. The panel included representative cells from various stages: FLEB14-4 (pro-B), REH and NALM-6 (pre-B), Rael and Daudi (small mature B), U-698 and NC0467.3 (B-blasts), LP-1, U-1996, and U-266 (plasma cells). We found a significant congruence and co-variation of Trx and Bcl-2 levels in the B-lineage, with high expression levels in early stages (pro-B and pre-B) and in the late stage representing terminally-differentiated plasma cells, whereas mid-stage small resting B cells showed a very low expression. PDI increased significantly in plasma-blasts and plasma cells, indicating its importance in the highly specialized immunoglobulin assembly-machinery, including disulfide-bond isomerization. Pax5 was expressed in early and mid-stages, but was silenced in terminal stages. We conclude that the high Trx and Bcl-2-expression early and late in the B cell maturation pathway reflects a redox-strategy favoring an increased survival potential of the B cells at those stages. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
