| 1. |
- Hagman, Ragnvi
(författare)
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Serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein concentrations in 26 dogs with pyometra
- 2011
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 40, s. 52-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyometra was associated with increased serum concentrations of the acute phase protein AGP. AGP concentrations were associated with severity of disease as measured by duration of hospitalization. As AGP binds basic drugs, further studies of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic propreties in cases of pyometra may be of clinical interest.
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| 2. |
- Hamlin, Helene, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of antinuclear antibodies by the Inno-Lia ANA update test in canine systemic rheumatic disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Veterinary clinical pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 39:2, s. 215-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Certain systemic autoimmune diseases in dogs are characterized by high titers of circulating antinuclear antibodies (ANA), which can be demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). In an earlier study of IIF-ANA-positive dogs, the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion (DID) test was used to identify specific autoantibodies. The DID test has largely been replaced with line blot tests in human diagnostic settings. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the line blot assay Inno-Lia ANA update test is a useful tool in demonstrating ANA specificities in canine patients with previously diagnosed IIF-ANA-positive rheumatic disorders. Methods: Serum samples from 3 clinically healthy control dogs and 20 canine patients with clinical signs of systemic rheumatic disease and documented positive results for IIF-ANA and DID tests were included in the study. The Inno-Lia ANA update assay was performed with an anti-canine detection antibody. Results: Six serum samples that had DID positivity with anti-spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) reactivity showed reactivity to multiple snRNP proteins in the Inno-Lia test. Samples from 2 dogs that had other types of DID positivity also had clear SmB reactivity and 1 had weak reactivity to RNP-70K. The other serum samples, including controls, were negative. Conclusions: Using the Inno-Lia ANA update test, multiple snRNP specificities were demonstrated in some canine patients with autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Other canine autoantibodies may exist that are not detected by this test. Further studies are necessary to characterize the target antigen(s) of these remaining autoantibodies in canine sera.
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| 3. |
- Hillström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of cytologic findings in feline conjunctivitis
- 2012
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 41, s. 283-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Cytologic examination of smears prepared from ocular swabs of conjunctiva from cats with conjunctivitis permits identification of the type of inflammation and possibly specific microorganisms. Results of studies of the diagnostic utility of cytology for detection of infectious causes of feline conjunctivitis have been inconsistent. Objectives The objectives of this study were to describe cytologic findings in cats with conjunctivitis and to compare those findings with results of PCR analysis for feline herpesvirus (FHV-1), Chlamydophila felis (C felis), and Mycoplasma felis (M felis). Methods Conjunctival smears from 88 cats with conjunctivitis and 10 healthy control cats were stained with a Romanowsky stain and evaluated for the type of inflammation and evidence of an infectious agent. PCR analysis for FHV-1, C felis, and M felis was performed. Results Infectious agents identified by PCR analysis were FHV-1 in 9 cats (10%), C felis in 8 cats (9%), and M felis in 6 cats (7%). Inclusions interpreted as chlamydial inclusions were found in all cytologic smears from cats positive for C felis by PCR analysis and in 3 PCR-negative cats. Inclusions interpreted as Mycoplasma organisms were found in 3 of 6 cats that were PCR-positive for M felis and in 1 PCR-negative cat. FHV-1 inclusion bodies were not detected on cytologic examination. Conclusions Cytologic examination can be diagnostic for C felis infection when many typical inclusions are present. Cytologic examination was unreliable in diagnosing M felis infection, and viral inclusions of FHV-1 were not found in specimens stained with Romanowsky stains.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Lilliehöök, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of the Sysmex XT-2000iV hematology system for dogs, cats, and horses. I. Erythrocytes, platelets, and total leukocyte counts
- 2009
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 38, s. 163-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sysmex XT-2000iV performed as well as the CELL-DYN on blood samples from dogs, cats, and horses with a variety of hematologic abnormalities. In addition, the Sysmex detected large platelets and provided accurate reticulocyte counts.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Strage, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of feline serum insulin
- 2012
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 41, s. 518-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Feline insulin has been measured previously using assays developed for measuring human insulin. As feline insulin differs from human insulin, it is important to validate the assay before use. Objectives The aims of this study were to validate an ELISA, the Mercodia Feline Insulin ELISA, intended for measuring feline insulin and to determine the stability of feline insulin in serum. Methods Validation of the ELISA, which uses monoclonal antibodies that recognize both human and feline insulin, included evaluation of coefficients of variation (CVs), patterns of variation, and consistency after dilution and spiking with feline insulin. Stability was evaluated by measuring insulin in feline serum samples stored at 20 degrees C, 28 degrees C, and -80 degrees C. Results The intra-assay CV in 1420 adjacent replicates (excluding position effects) was 2.04.2% and the inter-assay CV was 7.614%. The systematic and random position effect yielded a CV of 6.210%. When 3 feline serum samples were set at fixed positions and analyzed on 8 plates, microplate effects and interaction were significant for all 3 samples. Recovery upon dilution and spiking was 78105% and 86126%, respectively. Feline serum insulin concentration was stable for 24 hours at 20 degrees C, for 4 days at 28 degrees C, and for 15 months at -80 degrees C. Conclusions The Mercodia Feline Insulin ELISA can be used for measuring serum feline insulin. Recovery after spiking and dilution was acceptable. As in many ELISAs, intra-assay CV for adjacent replicates was low, whereas the position and between-assay CVs were considerably higher.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Tvedten, Harold, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of Advia plateletcrit for assessing platelet mass in dogs, including Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
- 2012
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 41, s. 336-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Determination of the plateletcrit (PCT) is the most effective way to evaluate platelet mass in dogs, such as Cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) dogs, with macrothrombocytopenia. The IDEXX VetAutoread hematology analyzer, which performs quantitative buffy coat (QBC) analysis, has been validated to determine platelet mass in CKCS dogs. The Advia 2120 reports a PCT, but the validity of this value has not been evaluated for dogs with macrothrombocytopenia. Objectives The goal of this study was to validate MPV and PCT determined by the Advia 2120 in dogs, including CKCS dogs, comparing values with those obtained from QBC analysis. Methods Advia PCT was compared with QBC results from 43 CKCS dogs and 15 dogs of other breeds in one study. Advia PCT, platelet count, and MPV were evaluated to identify biologic patterns in 31 clinically healthy CKCS dogs and 66 dogs of 3 other breeds and to generate values used for comparisons. Results Advia PCT agreed well with QBC results in general, but had a negative bias and appeared to underestimate PCT in CKCS dogs with the lowest PCTs. Advia PCT and MPV results followed expected biologic patterns in CKCS dogs and dogs of other breeds with MPVs being highest in dogs with the lowest platelet counts. Conclusions Advia 2120 PCT and MPV satisfactorily identified changes in platelet mass and size in CKCS dogs, but PCTs were lower than expected, especially in CKCS dogs with the lowest PCTs, when compared with QBC results.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Öberg, Josefine, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a species-optimized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of serum concentrations of insulin in dogs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 40, s. 66-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Measurement of canine serum insulin has relied on methods developed to measure human insulin. A species-optimized test for measurement of serum insulin in dogs is now commercially available. Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the canine ELISA for determination of serum insulin concentration in dogs. Methods: Precision was determined by evaluating intra- and interassay coefficient of variation (CV), and accuracy was determined by dilution and spike recovery studies. A method comparison study with samples from 34 clinically healthy dogs and 73 dogs examined for various illnesses and disorders (“patients”) was performed using the canine ELISA and an ELISA for human insulin. Biologic relevance of the canine assay was evaluated by measuring insulin in samples collected from 8 healthy dogs after administration of glucagon. A stability study was preformed with 6 samples stored at 20°C, 4–8°C, and −20°C. Results: For the canine ELISA, intra- and interassay CVs were 4.3–7.8% and 4.4–7.7%, respectively. Mean recovery after dilution was 99% and recovery after spiking with porcine insulin was 116%. The canine and human ELISAs correlated well (r2=.94 for healthy dogs, r2=.88 for patient samples). After glucagon injection serum insulin concentrations increased significantly in 8 dogs. Insulin was stable for 30 days in 6 serum samples stored at −20°C and in most samples for 8 days at 4–8°C. Insulin was stable for <3 days at room temperature (20°C). Conclusions: The new canine serum insulin ELISA had good precision and accuracy and correlated well with the previously used assay
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bergman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of interference from canine anti-mouse antibodies in hormone immunoassays
- 2019
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Ingår i: Veterinary clinical pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 48:S1, s. 59-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Canine anti-mouse antibodies are a potential source of immunoassay interference, but erroneous immunoassay results are not always easily identifiable. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a marker for the presence of gonads in dogs, but elevated AMH concentrations in neutered dogs could also be caused by antibody interference. For other assays, a discrepant result obtained after antibody precipitation might indicate antibody interference.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate if canine anti-mouse antibodies are a source of erroneous results in the AMH assay and if antibody precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a useful tool for detecting antibody interference in a variety of immunoassays used in the veterinary clinical laboratory.METHODS: Twenty-nine positive and 25 negative samples for anti-mouse antibodies were analyzed for AMH, canine total thyroxine (TT4), canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and progesterone before and after treatment with PEG. Results that differed by more than four SDs from the intra-assay coefficients of variation were considered discrepant. Elevated AMH concentrations in neutered dogs with anti-mouse antibodies and no visible gonads present were considered evidence of interference.RESULTS: Evidence of antibody interference was found in two samples analyzed for AMH. The presence of anti-mouse antibodies did not lead to a higher proportion of discrepant results after PEG treatment for any of the immunoassays. The overall incidence of discrepant results for healthy controls was very high (73%).CONCLUSIONS: Canine anti-mouse antibodies are a source of erroneous AMH results. Antibody precipitation with PEG is not a useful tool for detecting interference caused by such antibodies.
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| 18. |
- Bergman, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of interfering antibodies in dogs and cats evaluated using a species-independent assay.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Veterinary clinical pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 47:2, s. 205-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Interfering antibodies in human serum and plasma are known to react with mammalian antibodies in immunoassays and cause false-positive test results. Although this phenomenon was recently shown in companion animals, knowledge regarding immunoassay interference in veterinary medicine is very limited.OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to set up a species-independent immunoassay procedure to detect interference in serum samples, to screen for interference in a cross-section of canine and feline patient samples from an animal hospital, and to determine if the detected interference could be neutralized using an immunoassay based on nonmammalian reagents.METHODS: A 2-site sandwich-type interference assay was set up using commercially available mouse reagents. A total of 369 serum samples from 320 dogs and 263 samples from 218 cats were analyzed using the interference assay. Multiple samples were submitted from 36 dogs and 39 cats. Nineteen samples identified as interference-positive were analyzed in an assay using chicken antibodies.RESULTS: Interference was detected in samples from 28 dogs (9%) and 10 cats (5%) screened with the interference assay. Except for 1 cat, consistent results were obtained for all 75 dogs and cats that submitted more than 1 sample. The interference was eliminated when analyzed in the chicken-based assay (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS: Substances with reactivity toward mouse IgG can be detected in serum samples from dog and cat patients using a 2-site interference assay. The detected substances are most likely interfering antibodies, possibly originating from immunization with other mammalian species.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Hillström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Letter to the Editor
- 2016
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 45, s. 7-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hillström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a commercially available automated canine-specific immunoturbidimetric method for measuring canine C-reactive protein
- 2014
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 43, s. 235-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) is used for diagnosing and monitoring systemic inflammatory disease in canine patients. An automated human immunoturbidimetric assay has been validated for measuring canine CRP, but cross-reactivity with canine CRP is unpredictable. Objective The purpose of the study was to validate a new automated canine-specific immunoturbidimetric CRP method (Gentian cCRP). Methods Studies of imprecision, accuracy, prozone effect, interference, limit of quantification, and stability under different storage conditions were performed. The new method was compared with a human CRP assay previously validated for canine CRP determination. Samples from 40 healthy dogs were analyzed to establish a reference interval. Results Total imprecision was < 2.4% for 4 tested serum pools analyzed twice daily over 10days. The method was linear under dilution, and no prozone effect was detected at a concentration of 1200mg/L. Recovery after spiking serum with purified canine CRP at 2 different concentrations was 123% and 116%, respectively. No interference from hemoglobin or triglycerides (10g/L) was detected. CRP was stable for 14days at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C. In the method comparison study, there was good agreement between the validated human CRP assay and the new canine-specific assay. Healthy dogs had CRP concentrations that were less than the limit of quantification of the Gentian cCRP method (6.8mg/L). Conclusions The new canine-specific immunoturbidimetric CRP assay is a reliable and rapid method for measuring canine CRP, suitable for clinical use due to the option for an automated assay.
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| 25. |
- Höglund, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Interbreed variation of biomarkers of lipid and glucose metabolism in dogs
- 2018
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 47, s. 582-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Markers of lipid and glucose metabolism are used in both clinical practice and research. Detection of abnormal laboratory results often relies on species-specific reference intervals, but interbreed variation can also affect data interpretation. Objectives The purpose of the present study was to compare concentrations of selected biochemical variables among different dog breeds. Methods We analyzed a database containing information on biochemical variables from 534 dogs belonging to nine different breeds. All dogs were confirmed to be healthy based on history, physical examination, and ancillary tests. Concentrations of glucose, fructosamine, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, fatty acids, and C-reactive protein were compared using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. Results All variables tested showed significant interbreed differences, although all breeds remained within the previously established RIs for dogs. Fructosamine, insulin, and cholesterol showed a wide interbreed variation that could affect the interpretation of results. Conclusions Breed is an important factor to consider when assessing energy metabolism in dogs, especially for markers like fructosamine, insulin, and cholesterol, which vary considerably among breeds.
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| 26. |
- Jakus, Paulina, et al.
(författare)
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Partial validation of the Vcheck canine pancreatic lipase assay
- 2023
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 52, s. 271-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurement of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) is used for diagnosing pancreatitis in dogs. Because pancreatitis can be a life-threatening disease with severe complications, an in-house cPLI test would be valuable to obtain rapid test results. The aim of this study was to evaluate a point-of-care cPLI test, Vcheck cPL. Precision, determined according to EP15, and linearity under dilution were determined and judged against preset quality goals. Results from the Vcheck cPL were compared with a previously validated cPLI ELISA, Spec cPL. In a retrospective study, cPLI results from dogs with and without acute pancreatitis, as determined by pancreatic ultrasound examination, were investigated to assess the performance of the assay in a clinical setting. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test, and Passing-Bablok regression analysis with a significance level of 0.05. Precision of the assay was acceptable, with intra-, inter-, and total coefficients of variation (CV%) less than 12.1%, 6.4%, and 12.1%, respectively. Results from the linearity study indicated that the method was acceptably linear at lower concentrations but not in the high-concentration range. The method comparison study revealed that Vcheck generally measured higher concentrations compared with Spec cPL, and that the methods should not be used interchangeably. Dogs with acute pancreatitis had significantly higher cPLI concentrations compared with dogs without pancreatitis (P < 0.01), but there was a marked overlap in cPL concentrations between the two groups.
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| 27. |
- Jensen, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a dry-slide immunoassay for progesterone analysis in canine plasma in a clinical setting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 51, s. 524-532
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The identification of canine ovulation is critical for successful breeding. Progesterone measurements are useful for identifying ovulation. Progesterone assays are also quantitative and easily accessed, making them valuable in veterinary practice.Objectives: We aimed to validate a dry-slide immunoassay (DSI) for use in dogs, including a method comparison with the chemiluminescence assay (CLIA) and mass spectrometry.Methods: Twenty-nine bitches were prospectively recruited. Accuracy, precision, interference, and stability were evaluated. Method comparison between DSI and CLIA and mass spectrometry was conducted, and bias was calculated. Results: Repeatability was 8.0%-10.8%, and within-laboratory imprecision was 8.8%-11.1% for four concentration levels. Recovery under dilution was 61%-100%, and the method was linear to a concentration of similar to 50 nmol/L. Recovery after the addition of a high progesterone sample was 76%-83%. Minor changes were seen in one hemolytic and two lipemic samples. Storage at room temperature for 12-24 hours resulted in concentrations that were 57%-96% of the initial concentrations. For samples frozen at -80 degrees C, the concentrations were reduced 17%-27%. There was a significant difference between results from the DSI and CLIA, and a proportional bias was seen when DSI was compared with mass spectrometry, where CLIA correlated better than DSI.Conclusions: Precision and accuracy were acceptable. A proportional bias was seen between DSI and CLIA. A small amount of interference was seen with hemolysis and lipemia. Progesterone concentrations were decreased in samples stored at room temperature and -80 degrees C. The results support the use of the DSI for ovulation timing but not for artificial insemination with frozen semen since progesterone concentrations might exceed the assay's linearity and precision limits.
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| 28. |
- Lilliehöök, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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ADVIA 2120 plateletcrit for assessing platelet status in cavalier king charles spaniels
- 2011
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 40, s. 581-581
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The plateletcrit method of the IDEXX VetAutoread hematology analyzer (QBC) is the best way to evaluate platelet status in dogs with very large platelets such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with macrothrombocytosis. It is unknown if Advia plateletcrit is accurate in CKCS. Objective: To test if the plateletcrit (A-PCT) of the Advia 2120 (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics) could be used to evaluate platelet status in CKCS with and without macrothrombocytosis. Methods: Fresh EDTA blood samples from 43 CKCS in a study of myxomatous mitral valve disease were analyzed with Advia 2120 and compared with the QBC plateletcrit, which is reported as a platelet count (QBC PLT). Results: The number of CKCS considered thrombocytopenic varied with method. Advia PLT counts were under 150 x 109/L in 23 CKCS (53%), A-PCT was under preliminary reference values of 0.18-0.44 in 9 (21%) CKCS, while no CKCS had a QBC PLT count under 150 x 109/L. A-PCT agreed quite well with QBC (correlation r = 0.84), but appeared to underestimate PCT in CKCS with pronounced macrothrombocytosis. Conclusions: Advia plateletcrit should reflect the platelet status of dogs with large platelets fairly well but seem to underestimated plateletcrit in CKCS with pronounced macrothrombocytosis and thus overestimate how many CKCS that have decreased platelet volume. The Advia PCT is, however, much better than the platelet count to evaluate platelet status in dogs with macrothrombocytosis
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| 29. |
- Lilliehöök, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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AUTOMATIC DIGITAL IMAGE ANALYSIS SYSTEM (CELLAVISION DM96) AS A TOOL FOR CANINE LEUKOCYTE DIFFERENTIAL COUNTS
- 2009
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 38
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- CellaVision DM96 (CellaVision AB, Lund, Sweden) is a computerized microscope that automatically make digital photos of cell and structures in stained blood smears and pre-classified them in 16 groups. The aim was to evaluate if CellaVision DM96 could be a useful tool for leukocyte differential counts in samples from dogs. Blood smears from107 fresh samples from canine patients were stained with May Grunewald Giemsa stain and analysed with DM96. The DM96 was set to count 125 leukocytes. After analysis the pre-classified cells were nicely displayed with photographs of very good quality. It was possible to magnify the pictures, compare different cell groups and easy to change cell classification. In average 174 cells/structures were detected on the smears. The over all agreement of DM96 pre-classification and after reclassification was 78%. In average 38 cells/structures per smear was to be reclassified. Pre-classification was in agreement with final results for 91% of the lymphocytes, 88% of the neutrophils, 69% of the monocytes and 97% of the NRBCs. DM96 did, however, only identify 37% of the eosinophils and 2% of the basophils. CellaVision DM96 has very high demands on staining quality and size/form of the blood smear. In some samples with weak staining many neutrophils were erroneously classified as artefacts. DM96 was easy to work with and showed excellent pictures of all cells in spite of the fact that the instrument only has human software The pre-classification facilitated the differential count considerably especially in samples with abnormal cells or leukopenia
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| 30. |
- Lilliehöök, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Failure of the Advia 2120, Sysmex XT-2000iV and Cell-Dyn 3500 to detect canine basophils
- 2010
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 39, s. 541-541
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Currently available veterinary hematology analyzers do not detect canine basophils. A flag, numerical change or a morphologic change in instrument graphical displays is needed to suggest occult basophilia to the operator. In this study the inability of the automated basophil count of three major veterinary hematology analyzers (Advia 2120, Sysmex XT-2000iV and CELL-DYN 3500) to detect basophils was verified and the apparent location of basophils in instrument leukocyte cytograms was identified in dogs with prominent basophilia. Ten canine blood samples with prominent basophilia (≥ 5% with manual differential leukocyte count) were analyzed with one or more instruments. Sysmex XT-2000iV and Advia 2120 utilize the human basophil's resistance to lysis by a basophil reagent and subsequent larger size for detection. Canine basophils appear to lyse in these “basophil” reagents like other leukocytes and therefore Advia and Sysmex fails to detect them. Basophil counts were not increased in Sysmex XT-2000iV (9 samples), CELL-DYN 3500 (6 samples) or Advia 2120 (4 samples) in the canine samples with 5-15% of basophils with manual differential count. The probable basophil cell population was identified in the cytograms of all three instruments, therefore recognition of this pattern may suggest the presence of basophilia to the operator. Increased Advia LUC cells may also suggested basophilia. These criteria may be used to recommend a manual differential leukocyte count
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| 31. |
- Lilliehöök, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Hematologic, prostaglandin F-2 alpha-metabolite, serum amyloid A, and serum iron changes in horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 49, s. 319-325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Endotoxemia is a common and severe disease of horses. Most previous studies have monitored changes caused by a bolus dose of endotoxin over short time periods. Objectives We aimed to describe inflammatory responses to endotoxin with inflammatory and hematologic markers monitored over a longer time than has been performed in the past using more prolonged endotoxin exposures. Methods Escherichia coliO55:B5 endotoxin was administered as a 6-hour continuous intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to eight horses. Blood cell counts, and prostaglandin F-2 alpha-metabolite (PGM), serum amyloid A (SAA), and serum total iron concentrations were monitored for up to 3 or 6 days. Results An immediate and severe decrease in neutrophils and monocytes occurred in all horses, which subsequently changed to a moderate to strong neutrophilia and monocytosis that persisted for more than 78 hours postinfusion (PI) of LPS. Lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers decreased gradually and then normalized after 66- and 78-hours PI, respectively. Mild to moderate, biphasic thrombocytopenia occurred. A pronounced, transient increase in PGM occurred between 1 and 7 hours, peaking at 2 hours. Serum amyloid A began to increase after 6 hours PI and remained elevated after 72 hours PI. Serum iron was decreased between 6 and 48 hours. The clinical signs were most prominent during the first 24 hours PI and subsided within 48 hours PI. Conclusions Neutrophilia, monocytoses, and high SAA concentrations were present in horses even after the clinical signs had subsided. Serum iron normalized before SAA. Knowledge of these findings is imperative when interpreting laboratory results in horses with possible endotoxin exposure.
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| 32. |
- Lilliehöök, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Hepatozoon canis infection causing a strong monocytosis with intra-monocytic gamonts and leading to erroneous leukocyte determinations
- 2019
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 48, s. 435-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this case report, a Swedish flat-coated retriever was diagnosed with an extensive Hepatozoon canis infection. The dog had a prominent monocytosis (14.0 x 10(9)/L) with H canis gamonts detected in most monocytes, but none were found in the neutrophils. On the hematology system ADVIA 2120 peroxidase (PEROX) cytogram, most leukocytes were seen as a distinct cell population above the lymphocytes, which indicated that most of the cells were larger than lymphocytes and had weak myeloperoxidase staining. This distinct cell cluster appeared to be of a single cell type but was incorrectly divided by the ADVIA 2120 into lymphocytes, monocytes, and large unstained cells (LUC). The total leukocyte counts on the ADVIA 2120 WBC basophil (BASO) channel were much higher than that on the WBC PEROX count. The WBC BASO cytogram appeared abnormal with two parallel cell populations, so the BASO WBC count was considered erroneous. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing verified H canis infection. The dog was treated with subcutaneous imidocarb dipropionate (6 mg/kg) injections every other week. Post-treatment hematology analyses indicated that the percentage of parasitized leukocytes decreased from 40% to 5% about 4 weeks after the start of treatment and were not found in any monocytes 6 weeks after the beginning of the treatment. In conclusion, H canis infection in this dog was associated with a strong monocytosis, and gamonts were present in many monocytes, which caused aberrant automated leukocyte counts to occur.
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| 33. |
- Lilliehöök, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Time-related changes in equine neutrophils after experimental endotoxemia: myeloperoxidase staining, size, and numbers
- 2016
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 45, s. 66-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neutrophil myeloperoxidase content is determined by the Advia 2120 hematology system by staining characteristics. Changes in myeloperoxidase staining are shown by location of neutrophils on Advia peroxidase dot plots and as myeloperoxidase index (MPXI). Significant changes in MPXI have been reported during severe inflammation in horses, dogs, and people but conclusions were inconsistent.Objectives: Infusion of endotoxin was used to initiate an inflammatory stimulus under controlled conditions and over a longer time period than in previous studies to document kinetics of changes in neutrophil numbers, morphology, and myeloperoxidase staining. Identification of consistent time-related changes may allow better interpretation of changes in neutrophil characteristics during inflammation.Materials: Five Standardbred trotting horses received an intravenous infusion over a 6-hour period with Escherichia coli endotoxin. Neutrophil count, MPXI, neutrophil characteristics in Advia 2120 Perox dot plots and neutrophil morphology in blood smears were monitored with repeated sampling for up to 10 days.Results: Endotoxin infusion immediately caused severe neutropenia which converted to neutrophilia 14 hours after start of endotoxin infusion. Neutrophilia was still present 78 hours after start of infusion. Large giant neutrophils first appeared in blood smears and Advia Perox dot plots after 36-48 hours. A marked and consistent decrease in MPXI was seen in all horses 6 days (150 hours) after endotoxin exposure.Conclusions: Endotoxemia caused prominent, time-related changes in equine neutrophil characteristics including emergence of giant neutrophils and markedly decreased MPXI several days after endotoxin infusion.
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| 34. |
- Selin, Anna K, et al.
(författare)
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Biological variation of biochemical urine and serum analytes in healthy dogs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Veterinary clinical pathology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 52:3, s. 461-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Biological variation (BV) of urinary (U) biochemical analytes has not been described in absolute terms, let alone as a ratio of the U-creatinine or fractional excretion in healthy dogs. These analytes are potential diagnostic tools for different types of kidney damage and electrolyte disorders in dogs.OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the BV of specific gravity, osmolality, creatinine, urea, protein, glucose, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate in urine from healthy pet dogs.METHODS: Blood and urine samples from 13 dogs were collected once weekly for 8 weeks. Samples were analyzed in duplicate and in randomized order. For each sample, U-analyte and serum concentrations were measured, and U-analyte/U-creatinine and fractional excretion (FE) were calculated. Components of variance, estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, were used to determine within-subject variation (CVI ), between-subject variation (CVG ), and analytical variation (CVA ). Index of individuality (II) and reference change values were calculated.RESULTS: CVI for all urine analytes varied between 12.6% and 35.9%, except for U-sodium, U-sodium/U-Cr, and FE-sodium, which had higher CVI s (59.5%-60.7%). For U-protein, U-sodium, U-potassium, U-sodium/U-creatinine, FE-urea, FE-glucose, FE-sodium, FE-potassium, and FE-phosphate II were low, indicating that population-based RIs were appropriate. The remaining analytes had an intermediate II, suggesting that population-based RIs should be used with caution.CONCLUSION: This study presents information on the biological variation of urinary and serum biochemical analytes from healthy dogs. These data are important for an appropriate interpretation of laboratory results.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Strage, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Feline Heinz bodies interfering in standard bicarbonate analysis by the ABL90 FLEX
- 2023
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 52, s. 548-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Venous blood gases were analyzed with ABL90 FLEX in two cats with Heinz bodies in approximately 60% of the erythrocytes. The instrument demonstrated an inability to correctly report standard bicarbonate (stHCO(3)(-)), hematocrits, and hemoglobin concentrations by indicating an OXI spectrum mismatch alarm (ie, the spectrum of measured hemoglobin forms differed from the spectrum of calculated forms). Actual bicarbonate (aHCO(3)(-)) did not indicate any errors. The ABL90 FLEX uses spectrophotometry to measure hemoglobin, and the presence of Heinz bodies interfered with the measurement in these cases. Because hemoglobin is included in the formula for calculating stHCO(3)(-), the instrument gave an alarm for stHCO(3)(-). At follow-up, Heinz bodies were present in only 2%-3% of the erythrocytes, and the ABL90 FLEX did not indicate any alarm messages. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first cases reported that have interference in stHCO(3)(-) measurements due to Heinz body formation using the ABL90 FLEX, a common blood gas instrument used in both veterinary and human critical care. The methodology used for evaluating acid-base status should be taken into consideration, and caution is needed when interpreting acid-base results in cats with Heinz bodies.
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| 37. |
- Strage, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin-like growth factor I in cats: validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and determination of biologic variation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Veterinary clinical pathology. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 44:4, s. 542-551
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) measurements are used in veterinary medicine for diagnosing growth hormone disorders. IGF-I assays are subject to interference by IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) which may not be efficiently removed by standard extraction methods. Adding excess IGF-II during analysis may improve accuracy. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to validate a commercial human IGF-I ELISA which uses excess IGF-II for feline samples and to evaluate biologic variation. Methods: Precision was determined by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV). Accuracy was determined by recovery after removal of IGFBP, addition of IGF-I, and linear dilution after the addition of IGFBP. Biologic variation was determined by repeated sampling in 7 cats. Results: There was interference by IGFBP in the high measuring range, resulting in falsely low IGF-I concentrations. This was overcome by the addition of high concentrations of IGF-II. Untreated serum had a measured/expected ratio of 98-115% compared to serum where IGFBP had been removed. Recovery after the addition of IGF-I was 83-112%. Inter and intra-assay CVs ranged from 2.4% to 5.0% which is within the minimum acceptance criteria based on biologic variation. The reference interval of IGF-I was wide (90-1207 ng/mL) and there was a significant association between body weight and ln IGF-I (P < .000001). Conclusions: This human ELISA is suitable for feline samples, but interfering IGFBP can cause falsely low concentrations. It is recommended to dilute samples such that IGF-I is < 28 ng/mL on the standard curve to grant for sufficient IGF-II for binding of interferent IGFBP.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Ström Holst, Bodil, et al.
(författare)
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Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for analysis of endogenous steroids in the luteal phase and early pregnancy in dogs : a pilot study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Veterinary clinical pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 44:4, s. 552-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Blood samples from dogs are often limited in volume, only allowing few steroids to be quantified with immunoassays. In addition, immunoassays may be compromised by interferences such as anti-reagent antibodies. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can be used for the simultaneous quantitation of several steroids. This has not been described in dogs before. Objectives The aims were to use LC-MS/MS to study steroid profiles in early pregnancy and luteal phase in dogs, and to determine if differences exist between pregnant (P) and nonpregnant (NP) dogs. Methods Nine female dogs were included, 4 during a NP luteal phase, 4 during a P luteal phase, and one during one NP and one P luteal phase. Blood samples were collected around the time of the LH surge (Day 0) and on Day 26. Serum was analyzed for 5 classes of steroids, including glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, pregnanes, and progestins, using LC-MS/MS methods. Results The concentration of progesterone was significantly higher on Day 26 in P than in NP bitches. Distribution of concentrations of glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, or pregnanes in P and NP dogs were not statistically different. The predominating glucocorticoid was cortisol, and dihydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was the predominating androgen. Concentration of estrone was comparable to oestradiol, whereas concentrations of pregnenolone were higher than those of 17-OH pregnenolone. Conclusions Only concentration of progesterone differed between P and NP bitches, being significantly higher on Day 26 in P than in NP bitches. LC-MS/MS offers interesting possibilities for studies of canine reproductive endocrinology.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Tvedten, Harold, et al.
(författare)
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Cytologic appearance of retinal cells included in a fine-needle aspirate of a meningioma around the optic nerve of a dog
- 2013
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 42, s. 234-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 6-year-old Wirehair Dachshund had a meningioma around the optic nerve that caused exophthalmos. A benign mesenchymal tumor was suspected based on the cytologic pattern of a fine-needle aspirate, and a meningioma was diagnosed by histopathologic examination. In addition to the meningioma cells, the cytologic smears included groups of cells from apparently 4 layers of normal retina. In particular, uniform rod-shaped structures in the cytologic sample could suggest rod-shaped bacteria, but these structures were identified as cylindrical outer segments of photoreceptor rod cells. Other retinal structures recognized included pigmented epithelial layer cells with their uniquely formed pigment granules, the characteristic bi-lobed, cleaved nuclei from the outer nuclear layer, and nerve tissue likely from the outer plexiform layer of the retina.
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| 42. |
- Tvedten, Harold, et al.
(författare)
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Decrease in Advia 2120 MPXI and a Monocyte Identification Error Occur late After Endotoxin Treatment of Horses
- 2012
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 41, s. 11-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Decreased myeloperoxidase index (MPXI) determined by the Advia 2120 hematology system has been suggested as a diagnostic aid in horses with systemic inflammation. However MPXI was not reported to be helpful in septic and neutropenic foals. We analyzed MPXI and other Advia automated results in 8 horses treated with an infusion of endotoxin solution (Sigma-Aldrich, St.Louis, USA) intravenously over 6 hours. The total dose per horse was 500 ng/kg body weight. Blood was analyzed with an Advia 2120 every hour for the first 10 hours, every 6 hours until 78 hours and then at 150 hours after infusion. A prominent decrease in MPXI was not noted until 66 hours after infusion with a maximum decrease at 150 hours after infusion. MPXI in that horse was 5.9 to 7.4 prior to infusion and was lowest (-22.7) at 150 hours. The decreased peroxidase staining of neutrophils caused also an increase in neutrophils incorrectly classified as monocytes. The percentage of cells misclassified as monocytes by Advia was determined by dividing the error (automated minus manual % monocytes) by total number of neutrophils. The monocyte error in that horse peaked at 89 % at 150 hours. The monocyte error and decreased MPXI were seen quite late after infusion of endotoxin. The late appearance of these changes in neutrophils may explain why changes in peroxidase staining of neutrophils were not seen in septic foals and inconsistently in adult horses if their hematologic evaluation was performed too early after onset of infection.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Tvedten, Harold, et al.
(författare)
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Differential Leukocyte Counting: Evaluation of Four Methods Vet Pathol, 46 (supplement)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 46, s. 1026-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- DIFFERENTIAL LEUKOCYTE COUNTING: EVALUATION OF FOUR METHODS. H. Tvedten, I. Lillieho¨o¨ k. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU, University Veterinary Hospital Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden. A new method for determining the differential leukocyte count is the CellaVision TM DM96 (CV DM96). This is a mechanical photomicroscope and software system that photographs and pre-classifies leukocytes in a blood smear. It has software that allows comparison of large and variable numbers of excellent photos of cells displayed on a computer screen. The final classification by the operator is by easy transfer of cells to their proper classification with a computer mouse. Evaluation of this instrument for veterinary use was done by comparing its performance with over 100 canine blood samples to manual differential leukocyte counts, Advia 2120 automated differential leukocyte counts and Sysmex XT 2000 iV automated differential leukocyte counts. Precision studies were also performed on 2 blood samples analyzed 10 times by each method. Final data and evaluations were not available before the deadline for submission of this abstract, but collection of raw data has been completed. Preliminary evaluation indicates the automated differential leukocyte counts of the Advia and Sysmex have better precision (CV , 2%) for neutrophil and lymphocyte counts than manual or CV DM96 counts (%) for these cell types. Automated counts, however, did not include non-segmented neutrophil, atypical lymphocyte or accurate basophil counts. All methods had high imprecision (CV . 25%) for uncommon cell types like bands, basophils, LUC (Advia’s large unstained cells) and even eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes when they were in small numbers. (Reprinted with permission from Vet Clin Pathol, 38 [supplement], 2009, http://www. blackwellpublishing.com/vcp)
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| 46. |
- Tvedten, Harold, et al.
(författare)
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Massive uric acid crystalluria and cylinduria in a dog after l-asparaginase treatment for lymphoma
- 2019
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 48, s. 425-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 10-year-old golden retriever bitch was treated for diarrhea and vomiting that lasted about 1 month without a specific diagnosis until a hepatic biopsy provided a histopathologic diagnosis of lymphoma. The dog was referred to the Swedish University of Agricultural Science and treated with one dose of l-asparaginase. The day after chemotherapy, the urine was dark yellow, very turbid, and had large amounts of small amorphous crystals and many casts made of similar appearing material identified by infrared spectroscopy to be 100% uric acid dihydrate. Serum uric acid was elevated at 224 mu mol/L (RI 0-59). The dog's illness became worse after chemotherapy. Lymphoma treatment was not continued, and the dog was euthanized 9 days after the l-asparaginase treatment. Among other problems were persistent proteinuria with a urine protein-to-creatinine ratio of 2.3 and severe hypoalbuminemia. Serum protein electrophoresis performed 3 weeks prior to chemotherapy indicated hyperproteinemia (total protein 78 g/L) having a biclonal gammopathy with 35 g/L beta-2 globulins and 11 g/L gamma globulins. Despite prominent cylinduria and crystalluria, the patient did not develop azotemia or isosthenuria.
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| 47. |
- Tvedten, Harold, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing error in feline platelet enumeration by addition of Iloprost to blood specimens: comparison to prostaglandin E1 and EDTA
- 2015
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinical Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0275-6382 .- 1939-165X. ; 44, s. 179-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and Iloprost inhibit platelet aggregation and should prevent or minimize preanalytic error with feline platelet enumeration. Objectives The objective was to compare the relative effectiveness in reducing errors in platelet enumeration by adding Iloprost to feline EDTA blood specimens in comparison to adding PGE1 or EDTA alone. In addition, a grading system for platelet aggregation in blood smears was evaluated for effectiveness in predicting prominent errors and compared to ADVIA's PLT-CLM flag. Finally, the use of plateletcrit in feline blood with platelet aggregation was evaluated. Methods Blood specimens from 35 cats were included. Blood was collected into EDTA tubes with or without Iloprost or PGE1, and was rapidly mixed. Platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet flags were determined with an ADVIA 2120. Manual PLT was performed with a Leucoplate stain. PLT was determined by an IDEXX VetAutoread hematology analyzer (QBC). Results Neither addition of Iloprost nor PGE1 to EDTA blood specimens completely prevented platelet aggregation. Iloprost-treated specimens had the least severe aggregation. PGE1 was better than EDTA alone. Significant errors in PLT results were consistently identified by the grading system. ADVIA's PLT-CL flag usually predicted significant errors in PLT. QBC PLT results showed high imprecision. Manual PLT error was smaller than ADVIA PLT in EDTA specimens with aggregation. Conclusions Adding Iloprost to feline blood specimens improved platelet enumeration accuracy. A grading system for severity of platelet aggregation and usually the ADVIA's PLT-CL alarm predicted specimens with significant errors in platelet enumeration.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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