| 1. |
- Biella, Riccardo, et al.
(författare)
-
Climate, Agriculture, and Migration : Exploring the Vulnerability and Outmigration Nexus in the Indian Himalayan Region
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Mountain Research and Development Journal. - : International Mountain Society. - 0276-4741 .- 1994-7151. ; 42:2, s. R9-R21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is increasingly affecting mountain communities around the world with major implications for human livelihoods and wellbeing. With its predominantly rural population and limited resources, the Indian Himalayan Region is particularly vulnerable. While previous research has highlighted the destructive potential of climate change, we focused on the socioeconomic and ecological drivers of climate vulnerabilities and their links to migration and depopulation trends, which can be observed in the area. A mixed-methods case study approach was used to explore these relationships in the state of Uttarakhand in the western Indian Himalayan Region. Combining evidence from an aggregate vulnerability index, migration data, and insights from qualitative interviews, we found a close link between local climate vulnerabilities and migration. Considering different drivers, we show that limited adaptive capacities are the decisive factor shaping vulnerabilities and migration in the region, in particular, the high dependency on rainfed agriculture together with ecological, infrastructural, human, and financial constraints. With higher vulnerability, migrants tend to become younger, engage more in short-term migration, and increasingly employ migration in response to structural vulnerabilities and livelihood risks. The outmigration of young males has major implications for their origin communities, as the population left behind becomes older and more feminized.
|
|
| 2. |
- Eckerberg, Katarina, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Incentives for collaborative governance : top-down and bottom-up initiatives in the Swedish mountain region
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Mountain Research and Development Journal. - 0276-4741 .- 1994-7151. ; 35:3, s. 289-298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Governance collaborations between public and private partners are increasingly used to promote sustainable mountain development, yet information is limited on their nature and precise extent. This article analyzes collaboration on environment and natural resource management in Swedish mountain communities to critically assess the kinds of issues these efforts address, how they evolve, who leads them, and what functional patterns they exhibit based on Margerum's (2008) typology of action, organizational, and policy collaboration. Based on official documents, interviews, and the records of 245 collaborative projects, we explore the role of the state, how perceptions of policy failure may inspire collaboration, and the opportunities that European Union funds have created. Bottom-up collaborations, most of which are relatively recent, usually have an action and sometimes an organizational function. Top-down collaborations, however, are usually organizational or policy oriented. Our findings suggest that top-down and bottom-up collaborations are complementary in situations with considerable conflict over time and where public policies have partly failed, such as for nature protection and reindeer grazing. In less contested areas, such as rural development, improving tracks and access, recreation, and fishing, there is more bottom-up, action-oriented collaboration. State support, especially in the form of funding, is central to explaining the emergence of bottom-up action collaboration. Our findings show that the state both initiates and coordinates policy networks and retains a great deal of power over the nature and functioning of collaborative governance. A practical consequence is that there is great overlap—aggravated by sectorized approaches—that creates a heavy workload for some regional partners.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Paerregaard, Karsten, 1952
(författare)
-
Governing Water in the Andean Community of Cabanaconde, Peru From Resistance to Opposition and to Cooperation (and Back Again?)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Mountain Research and Development. - : International Mountain Society (IMS) and United Nations University. - 0276-4741 .- 1994-7151. ; 33:3, s. 207-214
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Improving water governance in the Andes is one of Peru's biggest challenges. This article examines the state's role in the water supply of an Andean community. Thirty years ago the community resisted the state's interference in its water management but now it has adopted a state model. The present article examines this change in the context of 2 occasions: the Peruvian state's investment in a new channel in the area and the community's confrontation with the state to gain access to this infrastructure. In the article, it is suggested that rather than viewing the confrontation as a form of resistance against the state's interference in Andean irrigation, we can see it as a way of opposing the state's water policy that privileges Peru's coastal desert at the cost of the country's highlands. It argues that, paradoxically, the community's success in challenging this policy and gaining rights to new water sources has prompted it to recognize the state as a legitimate water governor. The article concludes that, to overcome Andean communities' distrust of the state, the state must allow communities to play an active role in water management and assure water equity in Peru.
|
|
| 5. |
- Heberlein, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Current Tourism Patterns in the Swedish Mountain Region
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Mountain Research and Development. - 0276-4741. ; 22:2, s. 142-149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism has been part of the mountain economy in Sweden for the past century. With the current decline of the extractive industries in this rural area, tourism is taking on new significance for many communities. This article gives an overview of tourism in the extensive Swedish mountain region, with a focus on types of recreational activities and their regionality. The data presented are based on a national sample of participation in mountain tourism. Findings show that 43% of the Swedish adult population (2.66 million individuals) visited the mountains at least once during a 5-year period (1995–1999). Winter activities—skiing and snowmobiling—were the dominant forms of mountain recreation. Tourism activity patterns differ distinctively across the 4 mountain counties: whereas winter tourism dominates in the southern parts of the region, the north receives visitors mostly in the summer. Only 5% of visitors to the Swedish mountains are from outside Scandinavia. In a single year, 9 times as many people visited the Swedish mountains as live there, but despite these numbers the population in the region is continually decreasing
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Pain, Adam
(författare)
-
Village-level Behavior Under Conditions of Chronic Conflict Evidence From Badakhshan in Northeastern Afghanistan, Drawing on a Livelihood Trajectory Analysis
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Mountain Research and Development. - 0276-4741. ; 32, s. 345-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on a panel study of households established in 2002 and a revisit in 2008-2010 to a subsample, this paper explores the livelihood pathways of 24 households in 3 villages in Badakhshan in northeastern Afghanistan. It finds that most households were worse off than they were in 2001, although they experienced a brief period of relative prosperity based on the 1 market choice available, opium poppy. The paper draws attention to the corporate nature of villages and their variable capacity to support the provision of village-level public goods. This variability is influenced in part by the relative richness of the resource base of the village and the related degree of social differentiation. Where land inequalities are high and the elite are economically secure, they have few incentives to widen provision of public goods and can be immune from social sanctions. Where the elite are economically insecure, they are likely to have a shared interest in supporting village solidarity and a moral economy and may promote the provision of public goods. External interventions focusing on village governance need to pay much greater attention to village preconditions given the extent to which the effects of such interventions are often subject to the behavior of the elite and preexisting customary structures.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sovu,, et al.
(författare)
-
Restoration of Former Grazing Lands in the Highlands of Laos Using Direct Seeding of Four Native Tree Species
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Mountain Research and Development. - 0276-4741. ; 30, s. 232-243
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct seeding has recently regained favor as an alternative method to conventional planting for restoration of degraded and/or abandoned sites. This study reports the establishment and growth performance of 2 pioneer (Pinus kesiya and Schima wallichii) and 2 later-successional (Keteleeria evelyniana and Quercus serrata) native trees broadcasted or buried on 14 former grazing lands in Laos. Seedling establishment was assessed 9 months after sowing; height, diameter growth, and mortality were measured 1, 3, and 5 years after direct seeding and subjected to analysis of variance. Significant interspecies and intersite variations were detected for most of the measured parameters (P < .05). Seedling establishment success was better for buried seeds of Q. serrata (49-65%) and K. evelyniana (20-59%) than for broadcasted seeds of P. kesiya (13-50%), S. wallichii (3-34%), and K. evelyniana (6-22%). Intersite variation might be related to topography-induced microhabitat conditions. The annual rate of mortality, averaged over all sites, was significantly (P < .0001) high for S. wallichii (38 +/- 1%) followed by P. kesiya (30 +/- 2.0%), Q. serrata (29 +/- 2%), and K. evelyniana (22 +/- 4%). The 2 pioneer species achieved better diameter and height growth than the later-successional species. We conclude that direct seeding seems to be possible for rehabilitation of abandoned sites, provided that the seeds are buried to avoid the risk of seed desiccation and predation; the seeding rate of pioneer species is reduced to avoid a high mortality rate, and species-site matching is well defined to minimize topography-induced changes in a microhabitat.
|
|
| 9. |
- Tekle, K, et al.
(författare)
-
Land cover changes between 1958 and 1986 in Kalu District, Southern Wello, Ethiopia
- 2000
-
Ingår i: MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. - : UNIV CALIF PRESS. - 0276-4741. ; 20:1, s. 42-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper evaluates changes in land use/land cover (hereafter land covert in a specific area in Kalu District, Southern Wello, Ethiopia, by comparing two aerial photographs from 1958 and 1986. An attempt is also made to discuss possible implications of t
|
|
