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1.
  • Kristensson, Per, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish upper secondary school pupils' sense of coherence, coping resources and aggressiveness in relation to educational track and performance
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Malden : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 19:1, s. 77-84
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The health of an individual depends on how well he or she can handle various stressors in his or her environment. One vulnerable period occurs during the transition from child to adult. The overall aim of this research project was to determine whether differences in the ability to deal with stress are related to various health indicators, aggression, and school marks during primary and upper secondary school. Data were collected class-wise and 253 Swedish upper secondary school pupils participated. Three well-established questionnaires [Sense of Coherence (SOC), Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ)] were used. In addition, blood pressure, teacher evaluation and school marks were collected. Some demographic data such as gender, age and type of study programme were also collected. Both SOC and Coping Resources Inventory correlated significantly positively with many of the primary and upper secondary marks, while the AQ had significantly negative correlations with the mark. Females obtained higher values than males in Coping Resources Inventory, but lower in SOC and AQ.
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2.
  • Anderberg, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Diabetes and pregnancy: women's opinions about the care provided during the childbearing year.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 23:1, s. 161-170
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Scand J Caring Sci; 2009 Diabetes and pregnancy: women's opinions about the care provided during the childbearing yearBackground: The extended programmes for pregnant women with diabetes, needed to improve pregnancy outcome, might negatively influence the experience of expecting a baby. Aim: To investigate opinions about care during pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period among women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational DM (GDM). Method: A four-part questionnaire was constructed, covering the childbearing year, with a focus on treatment and information. A total of 156 women were asked to participate (53 DM, 103 GDM), three refused. The questionnaire was anonymous. Results: The reply frequency was 94%. Of all answers, 95% fell in neutral-satisfied range (Lickert scale 2-5). Three answering patterns deviated positively (care on Specialist Antenatal Clinic, accessibility, and participation-responsibility-respect). Four patterns deviated negatively (information flow, preparation, postpartum care and postpartum check-up). Increased supervision caused problems with time for the family and at work. Comments showed focus on diabetes, forcing the healthy pregnancy aspects into the background. The answers concerning treatment indicated satisfaction (4 + 5 Lickert scale). Women with GDM felt badly prepared before the glucose tolerance test. It was doubtful whether they had been able to make an informed choice about participating. Lack of knowledge among staff was pointed out. Need for more written material was expressed. Conclusion: Satisfaction with care was shown. A discussion about the implication of informed choice with both staff and mothers are needed. Sharper implementation of the diabetes-care-chain was also an area for improvement.
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3.
  • Andersson, Bodil T., et al. (författare)
  • Radiographers' areas of professional competence related to good nursing care
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 22:3, s. 401-409
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Radiographers’ ability and competence is a matter of vital importance for patients. Nursing care is an integral part of the radiographer’s work. The demand for high competence in clinical activities has increased in diagnostic radiology and has had an impact on the development of the profession.Aim: The aim was to describe the radiographer’s areas of professional competence in relation to good nursing care based on critical incidents that occur in the course of radiological examinations and interventions.Method: A descriptive design with a qualitative approach, using the Critical Incident Technique was employed. Interviews were conducted with a strategic sample of registered radiographers (n = 14), based at different hospitals in Sweden.Ethical issues: The appropriate ethical principles were followed. All the participants provided informed consent, and formal approval for conducting the research was obtained according to national and local directives.Results: The data analysis resulted in two main areas; direct and indirect patient-related areas of competence, which describe the radiographers’ skills that either facilitate or hinder good nursing care. In the direct patient-related area of competence, four categories emerged, which illustrate good nursing care in the patient’s immediate surroundings. In the indirect patient-related area of competence, four categories illuminated good nursing care that is provided without direct contact with the patient.Conclusions: The study highlights the different areas of the radiographer’s unique professional competence. The findings provide insight into the radiographer’s profession, on one hand as a carer and on the other as a medical technologist as well as highlighting the importance of each role. The radiographer’s work encompasses a variety of components – from caring for the patient to handling and checking the technical equipment.
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4.
  • Andersson, Bodil T., et al. (författare)
  • Radiographers' areas of professional competence related to good nursing care
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 22:3, s. 401-409
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Radiographers' ability and competence is a matter of vital importance for patients. Nursing care is an integral part of the radiographer's work. The demand for high competence in clinical activities has increased in diagnostic radiology and has had an impact on the development of the profession.AIM: The aim was to describe the radiographer's areas of professional competence in relation to good nursing care based on critical incidents that occur in the course of radiological examinations and interventions.METHOD: A descriptive design with a qualitative approach, using the Critical Incident Technique was employed. Interviews were conducted with a strategic sample of registered radiographers (n = 14), based at different hospitals in Sweden.ETHICAL ISSUES: The appropriate ethical principles were followed. All the participants provided informed consent, and formal approval for conducting the research was obtained according to national and local directives.RESULTS: The data analysis resulted in two main areas; direct and indirect patient-related areas of competence, which describe the radiographers' skills that either facilitate or hinder good nursing care. In the direct patient-related area of competence, four categories emerged, which illustrate good nursing care in the patient's immediate surroundings. In the indirect patient-related area of competence, four categories illuminated good nursing care that is provided without direct contact with the patient.CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the different areas of the radiographer's unique professional competence. The findings provide insight into the radiographer's profession, on one hand as a carer and on the other as a medical technologist as well as highlighting the importance of each role. The radiographer's work encompasses a variety of components--from caring for the patient to handling and checking the technical equipment.
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5.
  • Andersson, Ewa K., et al. (författare)
  • Standing alone when life takes an unexpected turn : Being a midlife next of kin of a relative who has suffered a myocardial infarction
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:4, s. 864-871
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Suffering a myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening event that impacts not only on the individual concerned but also on the next of kin. However, there seems to be a paucity of naturalistic inquiries that focus specifically on midlife next of kin and their experience of being close to a relative who has suffered an MI. This study aims to elucidate the experience of being a midlife next of kin of a relative who has suffered a myocardial infarction. Method: Nine women and four men in midlife participated in the focused interviews, which were conducted and analysed during 2010/2011 using Lindseths and Norbergs' description of the phenomenological hermeneutical method. Findings: Four themes - Solely responsible, Lurking unease, Left out of the picture and Life on hold - formed the basis of the core theme Standing alone when life takes an unexpected turn. The core theme was interpreted as a central phenomenon encompassing the experience of being solely responsible for the well-being of their relative and the family, thus putting their own life on hold. The core theme also reflected the next of kin's experience of being left out of the picture when it came to the relative's care before and after the MI. Conclusion: The next of kin's negative feelings of standing alone were further intensified by their experience of being left out of the picture by the healthcare professionals concerning their relative's care. As a cardiac nurse, it would seem essential to have knowledge about the experiences of next of kin in connection with a relative's MI event. Such knowledge can facilitate the planning and organisation of nursing care and at the same time address the next of kin's role in the recovery and rehabilitation process.
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6.
  • Andersson, Pia, et al. (författare)
  • Oral health and nutritional status in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 16:3, s. 311-318
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral health status and nutritional status in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients, and to analyse the relationship between these two parameters. Nurses at the ward performed structured assessments of oral and nutritional status using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide and the Subjective Global Assessment form in 223 newly admitted patients. Most oral health problems were found among patients who stayed longer at the hospital and were more dependent on help as compared with the healthier patients. Thirty-four per cent of the patients were either severely undernourished, at risk or suspected to be undernourished (UN). Oral health problems were more common among UN patients (p < 0.0005) compared with well-nourished patients. The most frequent oral health problem was found on teeth or dentures (48%). Problems related to the tongue and lips were also common among UN patients (56 and 44%, respectively). Oral health status was correlated (r = 0.32) to nutritional status. Problems with swallowing had the strongest association to the nutritional status (OR 6.05; 95% CI 2.41-15.18). This study demonstrated that poor oral health status was related to undernourishment.
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7.
  • Andersson, P, et al. (författare)
  • Oral health and nutritional status in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 16:3, s. 311-318
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral health status and nutritional status in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients, and to analyse the relationship between these two parameters. Nurses at the ward performed structured assessments of oral and nutritional status using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide and the Subjective Global Assessment form in 223 newly admitted patients. Most oral health problems were found among patients who stayed longer at the hospital and were more dependent on help as compared with the healthier patients. Thirty-four per cent of the patients were either severely undernourished, at risk or suspected to be undernourished (UN). Oral health problems were more common among UN patients (p < 0.0005) compared with well-nourished patients. The most frequent oral health problem was found on teeth or dentures (48%). Problems related to the tongue and lips were also common among UN patients (56 and 44%, respectively). Oral health status was correlated (r = 0.32) to nutritional status. Problems with swallowing had the strongest association to the nutritional status (OR 6.05; 95% CI 2.41-15.18). This study demonstrated that poor oral health status was related to undernourishment.
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8.
  • Andrén, Signe, et al. (författare)
  • Family caregivers' subjective experiences of satisfaction in dementia care: aspects of burden, subjective health and sense of coherence.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 19:2, s. 157-168
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Family caregivers experience both positive and negative reactions in caregiving situations. There has been considerably less published about the positive aspects, however. The general aim of this study was to explore a previously developed instrument to study rewards gained by caregivers and to determine the factors associated with satisfaction in family members caring for patients with dementia living at home. The study group consisted of 153 such family members. Standardized interview schedules exploring different background characteristics, and instruments for assessment of the degree of dementia in the patients and the caregivers' total burden and degree of satisfaction were used. Factorial analysis of the Caregiver's Assessment of Satisfactions Index was performed and it became more specific for conditions of dementia when it was reduced. Stressors as measured by the Caregiver Burden scale and satisfaction can coexist and assess different aspects of the caregiver's situation. The caregiver can perceive both moderate burden and great satisfaction at the same time, and further studies may help to broaden our understanding of how we can reduce the degree of burden whilst increasing the sense of satisfaction.
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9.
  • Andrén, Signe, et al. (författare)
  • Psychosocial intervention for family caregivers of people with dementia reduces caregiver's burden: development and effect after 6 and 12 months.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 22:1, s. 98-109
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A number of different intervention programmes have been described in the literature for caregivers of people with dementia, but the nature of intervention has varied widely. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial intervention on family caregiver's level of burden and satisfaction, and possible influence of the caregiver's relationship and health and the patient's severity of the disease on the effects of intervention. All persons, 70 years and older, from two districts of a municipality (2721 individuals) who were in receipt of any form of social services were invited to participate in a screening of cognitive decline, and 1656 home visits were made. Those with symptoms of cognitive decline, and having a family caregiver, were invited for a further medical examination. Data were analysed from 308 family caregivers: 153 caregivers who underwent intervention and 155 control caregivers who did not. Repeated measures were carried out 6 and 12 months later. Outcomes were measured using instruments that had been tested for reliability and validity, and all patients were diagnosed according to DSM-IV dementia criteria. Caregivers who underwent the psychosocial intervention (5-week programme and 3-month conversation group) reported significantly lower strain and disappointment after 6 months, and this trend remained after 12 months. Satisfaction, measured in terms of purpose, increased in the intervention group and decreased in the control group. The best effect on caregivers in the intervention group was found early in the progression of dementia and in caregivers with impaired health. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying family caregivers early in the caring process to optimize well-being. This study demonstrates that psychosocial intervention with a clearly defined aim that includes giving information and having a conversation group have significant, positive effects on burden and satisfaction for caregivers of people with dementia.
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10.
  • Areberg, Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Experiences of the individual placement and support approach in persons with severe mental illness.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 27:3, s. 589-596
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Scand J Caring Sci; 2012; Experiences of the individual placement and support approach in persons with severe mental illness Background: Across several research studies comparing the individual placement and support (IPS) approach to traditional vocational services, the approach has achieved employment outcomes superior to comparison conditions. However, to understand the efficacy of IPS, it is equally important to consider what is more or less effective as viewed by the IPS participants. Aim: To investigate participants' experiences of IPS participation and their experiences of receiving support from an employment specialist (ES). Method: Interviews were conducted with 17 persons with severe mental illness. The interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The principles of informed consent and the voluntary nature of participation were included as ethical considerations. Results: Participation in IPS was associated with hope, meaning and an individualized support provided by the ES. The skills of the ES facilitated the relationship with the participant and the contact with the labour market. However, to make a change happen, everybody involved in IPS had to contribute. Conclusion: These findings have endorsed the guiding principles of IPS and emphasized the ES's role and skills during IPS as well as the participant's motivation.
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11.
  • Bengtsson-Tops, A, et al. (författare)
  • Clinical and social changes in severely mentally ill individuals admitted to an outpatient psychosis team: an 18-month follow-up study
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 17:1, s. 3-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: The study investigated clinical and social changes during an 18-month follow-up period in a group (n = 76) of schizophrenic outpatients admitted to a newly implemented outpatient psychosis team. Changes related to level of contact with the psychosis team were also examined as well as aspects of the content of the treatment interventions and work situation from a staff perspective. Methods: Structured face-to-face interviews with the patients were performed at baseline and after 18 months. The Camberwell Assessment of Need instrument, the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile and the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction were used on both interview occasions along with Global Assessment of Functioning Scale and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Thematic open-ended questions were used in staff interviews. Results: Psychiatric symptoms, number of needs and number of met needs decreased, and perceived quality of life improved for the total sample during the follow-up period. Patients only in contact with a psychiatrist in the psychosis team improved more in symptoms and spent fewer days in hospital during follow-up time compared with those who had combined psychiatric and supportive contacts, and were also more satisfied with their medication. Patients with a combined contact deteriorated in psychosocial functioning compared with the group only in contact with a psychiatrist. Some of the elements in treatment interventions and work situation as well as hindrances in providing community-based care adapted to the patients' needs were identified. Conclusions: Community-based psychiatric services, to a larger extent, need to embrace evidence-based interventions and to perform regular, structured and comprehensive need assessments in order to ensure the effectiveness of interventions. Attention should be paid to staff motivation and education as well as to providing practical guidelines, supervision and support.
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12.
  • Björkman, Tommy, et al. (författare)
  • Attitudes towards people with mental illness: a cross-sectional study among nursing staff in psychiatric and somatic care.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 22:2, s. 170-177
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Stigma and discrimination have been identified as important obstacles to the integration of people with mental illness in society. In efforts to reduce stigma and discrimination, health professionals play an important role as they have frequent contact with and responsibility for treatment and rehabilitation of consumers. The aim of the present study was to investigate attitudes towards mental illness and people with mental illness among nursing staff working in psychiatric or somatic care. The sample consisted of 120 registered or assistant nurses who were interviewed about intimacy with mental illness and attitudes about seven different mental illnesses. The results showed that nursing staff in somatic care, to a higher degree than nursing staff in mental health, reported more negative attitudes with regard to people with schizophrenia as being more dangerous and unpredictable. In contrast, professional experience, intimacy with mental illness and type of care organization were found to be more associated with attitudes to specific mental illnesses concerning the prospect of improvement with treatment and the prospect of recovery. In conclusion, attitudes among nursing staff are in several respects comparable with public opinions about mental illness and mentally ill persons. In order to elucidate if negative attitudes about dangerousness and unpredictability of persons with specific mental illnesses are associated with realistic experiences or with prejudices further studies with a qualitative design are suggested.
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13.
  • Blomqvist, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • Managing pain in older persons who receive home-help for their daily living. Perceptions by older persons and care providers
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - OXFORD : BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; , s. 319-328
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pain is a common problem for older persons who need professional help for their daily living. In this study 94 older persons (75+) in persistent pain were compared with 52 care providers concerning the pain management methods they had used/administered during the previous week and how helpful they perceived these methods to be. interviews were based on 16 items from the original version of the pain management inventory (PMI). Both groups perceived prescribed medication, rest and distraction as the most frequently utilized methods. Specific methods such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or bracing/splinting or bandaging the affected body part were seldom employed, although most users perceived these methods as helpful. Care providers perceived most methods for managing pain as more effective than older persons did. The results imply that care providers need skills in a variety of pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods to manage pain and a need to evaluate effectiveness of the methods in a systematic way.
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14.
  • Bolejko, Anetta, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptation to Swedish and further development of the ‘Consequences of Screening – Breast Cancer’ questionnaire : a multimethod study
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Springer. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:2, s. 475-486
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rationale:  Experiencing a false-positive screening mammography can cause considerable psychosocial distress. The Consequences of Screening – Breast Cancer questionnaire (COS-BC parts 1 and 2), recently developed in Denmark, is the only condition-specific questionnaire for measuring short- and long-term psychosocial consequences of false-positive mammographic screening. Additional studies are needed to further test the COS-BC before use across cultures. Furthermore, studies have suggested that the consequences of false-positive screening results are partly common across cancer screening settings, although this hypothesis remains largely untested.Objectives:  This study (i) assesses content validity of a Swedish version of the COS-BC, (ii) tests whether items expressing long-term consequences of false-positive lung cancer screening results are relevant in a breast cancer screening context and (iii) explores the usefulness of taking results from Rasch analyses of the source version as an aid in questionnaire translation and adaptation.Methods:  Following dual-panel translation, content validity was assessed through qualitative interviews with representatives of the target population and the content validity index (CVI). Item locations and Rasch model fit of the source questionnaires were considered in the translation and assessment process.Results:  The COS-BC items were generally found relevant and provided coverage of the target construct. Content validity was supported also for nine of 10 lung cancer screening items. Scale CVI values were ≥0.81. Previous Rasch data were useful in facilitating translation and assessing item content validity. The resulting Swedish version of the COS-BC parts 1 and 2 consists of 34 and 23 items, respectively.Conclusion:  This study illustrates the value of methodological triangulation and use of data from previous Rasch analyses in questionnaire translation and adaptation. We found support for the hypothesis that consequences of false-positive screening are common across cancer screening settings. Psychometric properties of the Swedish COS-BC remain to be established.
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15.
  • Bolejko, Anetta, et al. (författare)
  • Adaptation to Swedish and further development of the 'Consequences of Screening - Breast Cancer' questionnaire : a multimethod study
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Springer. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 27:2, s. 475-486
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Experiencing a false-positive screening mammography can cause considerable psychosocial distress. The Consequences of Screening - Breast Cancer questionnaire (COS-BC parts 1 and 2), recently developed in Denmark, is the only condition-specific questionnaire for measuring short- and long-term psychosocial consequences of false-positive mammographic screening. Additional studies are needed to further test the COS-BC before use across cultures. Furthermore, studies have suggested that the consequences of false-positive screening results are partly common across cancer screening settings, although this hypothesis remains largely untested. This study (i) assesses content validity of a Swedish version of the COS-BC, (ii) tests whether items expressing long-term consequences of false-positive lung cancer screening results are relevant in a breast cancer screening context and (iii) explores the usefulness of taking results from Rasch analyses of the source version as an aid in questionnaire translation and adaptation.Following dual-panel translation, content validity was assessed through qualitative interviews with representatives of the target population and the content validity index (CVI). Item locations and Rasch model fit of the source questionnaires were considered in the translation and assessment process.The COS-BC items were generally found relevant and provided coverage of the target construct. Content validity was supported also for nine of 10 lung cancer screening items. Scale CVI values were ≥0.81. Previous Rasch data were useful in facilitating translation and assessing item content validity. The resulting Swedish version of the COS-BC parts 1 and 2 consists of 34 and 23 items, respectively. This study illustrates the value of methodological triangulation and use of data from previous Rasch analyses in questionnaire translation and adaptation. We found support for the hypothesis that consequences of false-positive screening are common across cancer screening settings. Psychometric properties of the Swedish COS-BC remain to be established.
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16.
  • Borg, Christel, et al. (författare)
  • Life satisfaction among informal caregivers in comparison with non-caregivers
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20, s. 427-38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Being a caregiver with responsibility for someone with reduced health compared with not being a caregiver maymean different views of life satisfaction. Knowledge of what leads to reduced life satisfaction in caregivers may be helpful in interventions. Informal caregivers gainfully employed or not, aged 50–89 years, were studied with regard to life satisfaction depending on the extent of caregiving to identify types of social support of value for caregivers. A cross-sectional study was conducted including a sample of 151 informal caregivers with a high caregiving extent, 392 caregivers with a lower caregiving extent and 1258 non-caregivers. The sample was randomly selected to correspond with older Swedes as a whole aged 50–89 years. A questionnaire containing a modified form of Older Americans’ Resources Schedule (OARS) and Life Satisfaction Index Z (LSIZ) was used; 19.6% helped someone with activities of daily living and of these 27% stated that they did so frequently. Frequent caregivingimplied significantly higher age, being more often married and retired, than less frequent caregivers and non-caregivers. Frequent caregivers also performed personal activities of daily living (PADL) to a higher extent than less frequent caregivers and had significantly lower LSIZ (mean 14.8) than less frequent caregivers (mean 17.6) and noncaregivers (mean 17.7). No significant differences were found between less frequent caregivers and non-caregivers in LSIZ. One-fourth had support from others, the commonesttype being able to converse with a next of kin, and help and advice from professionals. Lower life satisfaction was associated with not being employed, low social resources, not refreshed after a night’s sleep, overall poor health and frequent caregiving in the entire sample. High caregiving extent was associated with lower life satisfaction. The most important factors explaining lower life satisfaction among frequent caregivers were having low social resources and having poor health. Economic compensation or payment was the support most desired.
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17.
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18.
  • Caap-Ahlgren, Marianne, et al. (författare)
  • Sense of coherence is a sensitive measure for changes in subjects with Parkinson's disease during 1 year.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 18:2, s. 154-159
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To investigate subjective and objective changes in function in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) home visits with interviews were performed with a 1-year interval. Depressive symptoms were rated with the Geriatric Depression Scale, subjective health with the generic SF-36 scale and the disease-specific PDQ-8 scale; objective changes were assessed according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale; insomnia was rated with an eight-item questionnaire and the sense of coherence (SOC) was determined with the short version of that scale. A total of 91 subjects (39 women and 52 men with a mean age of 70 years) living at home, most of them moderately to severely disabled, were interviewed. Time since diagnosis was <2 years for 13%, 2-10 years for 55%, and >10 years for 32%. During the studied year the subjects' status declined significantly as shown by changes in both the PDQ-8 and the Hoehn and Yahr scales. The most striking finding was a pronounced decrease in the SOC scale (p < 0.0001). This indicates that the subjects' ability to handle stress-related problems secondary to the progress of disease might have decreased. In order to optimize nursing care for subjects with PD, in addition to medical treatment, an assessment of the SOC could aid nursing staff in evaluating subjects' ability to handle their life situation.
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19.
  • Clausson, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • School nurses' view of schoochildren's health and their attitudes to document it in the school health record : a pilot study
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 17:4, s. 392-398
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study highlights school nurses' view of schoolchildren's health and their attitude to document it in the school health records. A strategic sample of 12 school nurses was interviewed. The interviews were semistructured and analysed with qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that the school nurses' viewed schoolchildren as physical healthy although they called attention to growing problems related to a changed lifestyle. Psychosocial ill-health was however increasing and the most common reason for visiting the school nurse was psychosomatic expressions. According to the nurses' descriptions, health was related to the individual, the school and the family situation. The family situation was mentioned as one of the most important factors of schoolchildren's health. The nurses described no problem to document schoolchildren's physical health. Ethical consideration, tradition, lack of time and the structure of the record were however factors that were said to hinder the documentation of the psychosocial health. In order to promote, protect and recover schoolchildren's health, more research is needed about how beliefs, experience, ethical consideration and resources influence the school nurse's daily work with schoolchildren's health.
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20.
  • Condelius, Anna, Universitetslektor, 1976-, et al. (författare)
  • Utilization of medical healthcare among people receiving long-term care at home or in special accommodation
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 24:2, s. 404-413
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: To investigate the utilization of medical healthcare, hospital care and outpatient care, during a 1-year period in relation to informal care, multimorbidity, functional status and health complaints and to long-term care at home or in special accommodation among people aged 65+, with one or more hospital admissions and receiving long-term care.Method: A total of 694 people receiving long-term care during the year 2001 were studied. Data were collected by means of the administrative registers Patient Administrative Support in Skåne and PrivaStat and through the study Good Ageing in Skåne. Those at home and those in special accommodation were compared regarding utilization of medical healthcare, informal care, multimorbidity, functional status and health complaints. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using at home vs. in special accommodation as the dependent variable and also two multiple linear regression analyses using the number of hospital stays and the number of contacts with the physician in outpatient care separately as dependent variables.Findings: Those at home were significantly younger (mean age: 81 vs. 84 years) and less dependent in personal and instrumental activities of daily living (PADL/IADL) than those in special accommodation. A larger proportion of those at home was admitted to hospital three times or more (21 vs. 14%) and they had significantly more contacts with physicians in outpatient care (md: 10 vs. md: 7). Informal care was associated with care at home (OR = 0.074) and with utilization of outpatient care (B = 2.045). Dependency in PADL was associated with care in special accommodation (OR = 1.375) and with utilization of hospital care (B = -0.060) and outpatient care (B = -0.581).Conclusion: Medical healthcare seems more accessible to those who live at home are younger, less dependent and who have access to informal caregivers.© 2009 Condelius et al. Journal compilation © 2009 Nordic College of Caring Science
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21.
  • Crang Svalenius, Elizabeth, et al. (författare)
  • Maternal serum screening for Down syndrome - opinions on acceptance from Swedish women
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 17:1, s. 30-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Different screening procedures are becoming an important part of health care. information about screening and its consequences can be difficult to both impart and understand. This study examined women's theoretical acceptance of a new screening procedure, before its introduction. Methods: A group of women (n = 823), who had made an informed choice about the form of foetal diagnosis they wished for, were also asked, in a questionnaire, about their opinion on the acceptability of serum screening for Down syndrome. The main purpose of the this was to ascertain their feelings when making a choice. Results: Replies were received from 80.4%. The answers indicated that serum screening would be acceptable to 86% of the women who had chosen a second trimester ultrasound examination. Of the women who had chosen amniocentesis, 51% would consider the test acceptable as a first alternative. Conclusions: The ease with which the women were able to make their choice of prenatal diagnosis had bearing on their degree of acceptance of serum screening for Down syndrome.
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22.
  • Dychawy-Rosner, Irena, et al. (författare)
  • Caring dynamics as perceived by staff supporting daily occupations for developmentally disabled adults
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 15:2, s. 123-132
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study addresses caring staff experiences of hindrances and help in the support of daily occupations among people with developmental disabilities. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions about the staff perceptions of their work experiences. The respondents (n = 81), corresponding to 94.1% of all care staff employed in a geographically defined care area in southern Sweden, worked in various day activity units supporting the daily occupations of their clients. A constant comparative method of data analysis was used. Staff expressions were classified in two main categories of caring dynamics: an operational level and a managerial level. Four areas were identified at the operational level: encountering realities of practice, attitudes to the clients and work demand, using the potential of knowledge and strategies and applying helping actions to the client. The managerial level included two areas, generalized work strategy and individualized work strategy. It is suggested that to develop the quality of interventions for supporting daily activities among persons with developmental disabilities, efforts should be made to identify caring dynamics as experienced by the caring staff.
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23.
  • Ekdahl, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Acupuncture treatment of pregnant women with low back and pelvic pain - an intervention study
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 24:1, s. 175-182
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: To describe patients' experience of acupuncture treatment in low back and pelvic pain during pregnancy. Design: An intervention study carried out between September 2000 and December 2001, involving 40 pregnant women. Participants: The study population consisted of healthy pregnant women presenting with low back and pelvic pain at maternity health care centres within a defined area in southern Sweden. Intervention: Two groups of women received acupuncture treatment from gestational week 20 (group 1) or week 26 (group 2) respectively, for a period of 6 weeks divided into eight sessions of 30 minutes each. Measurements: Pain assessment was carried out using Pain-O-Meter and visual analogue scale (POM-VAS), Short-Form McGill Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Short-Form-36: Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), followed by telephone interviews 2-3 months after delivery. Findings: The results of POM-VAS, SF-MPQ and SF-36 showed a relief of pain in both groups. In group 2, an improvement in several SF-36 variables was noted in spite of increased physical restrictions. Telephone interviews confirmed that expectations of treatment were fulfilled. Using content analysis the main category, limitations in daily life, was identified, with subcategories pain, and psychological well-being. Conclusion: It may be advantageous to begin acupuncture therapy later in pregnancy to maximise pain relief.
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24.
  • Ekelin, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Midwives' attitudes to and knowledge about a newly introduced foetal screening method.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 18:3, s. 287-293
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A number of screening procedures are offered by midwives during pregnancy and the number is increasing rapidly. The measurement of nuchal translucency is a fairly new ultrasound method for antenatal screening, primarily for Down syndrome. The results give a better risk calculation than maternal age alone and can mean a decrease in the number of invasive procedures needed to identify this syndrome prenatally. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the midwives' point of view concerning the introduction of the method in two different hospitals. In one hospital it had been introduced as part of a research project while in the other it had been integrated as an offer in the antenatal care programme. A questionnaire was sent to the 80 midwives working in the antenatal clinics serving these two hospitals. A total of 79% of the questionnaires were answered. The results indicate that in both districts, the similarities are greater than the differences with regard to the midwives' education, knowledge and their own opinions of their ability to inform pregnant women about the method. Although most of the respondents were positive to it, a number of midwives felt that, in general, information about foetal diagnosis was a difficult part of their work, mentioning both ethical and practical aspects. This highlights the need for continuing education, standardized policy and an ongoing ethical debate.
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25.
  • Ekvall-Hansson, Eva, et al. (författare)
  • Satisfaction with rehabilitation in relation to self-perceived quality of life and function among patients with stroke - a 12 month follow-up.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 27:2, s. 373-379
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Scand J Caring Sci; 2012 Satisfaction with rehabilitation in relation to self-perceived quality of life and function among patients with stroke - a 12 month follow-up Background and Purpose: Stroke causes complex disability and function, and perceived quality of life has been shown to correlate with satisfaction with care as well as with life in general among stroke patients. The aim of this study was to study the relation of satisfaction with how rehabilitation was provided with self-perceived quality of life, self-perceived function and rehabilitation received, 12 months after the incidence. Method: The subjects were assessed 12 months after the onset of stroke. The Barthel index was used to measure function, and the EuroQol-5D to measure quality of life. To measure satisfaction with how rehabilitation was provided, a questionnaire from the Swedish Stroke Register was used. Results: Two hundred and eighty-three patients participated in the follow-up, 137 women and 146 men, aged between 42 and 95 years (mean age 75.2, SD 11.8). For the majority of patients rehabilitation was initiated at in-hospital care (directly after onset). One hundred and sixty-eight patients considered that rehabilitation was well provided for. Sixty-six regarded that the rehabilitation was only partly provided for and 35 that it was not provided for at all. High value on Barthel Index was associated with satisfaction with how rehabilitation was provided for (OR 2.81). Also, rehabilitation on three or more levels was negatively associated with satisfaction with rehabilitation provision (OR 0.24) and so was being male (OR 0.49). Conclusion: In this study, patients with higher values on Barthel Index were more satisfied with how rehabilitation was provided for. However, male patients and patients who received rehabilitation on three or more levels of care were less satisfied. Given the assumption that patients with more severe dysfunction after stroke are being rehabilitated on more levels, this might imply that it is not the amount of rehabilitation that gives satisfaction but the patients self-perceived function after rehabilitation.
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26.
  • Ekwall, Anna, et al. (författare)
  • Dimensions of informal care and quality of life among elderly family caregivers.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 18:3, s. 239-248
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim was to investigate dimensions of caregiving activities among elderly (75+) caregivers based on Nolan's model and to study the dimensions in relation to health-related quality of life (Short Form 12). Responses to a Swedish postal survey (n = 4278, response rate 75-79 years old: 60%; 80-84: 56%; 85-89: 48% and 90+: 42%) showed that 783 persons (18%) were helping another person due to that person's impaired health, 41.6% women, mean age for women 81.8 years (SD 4.96) and for men 81.7 years (SD 4.32). The postal questionnaire included SF-12, demographic data and questions about caregiving activities derived from Nolan's model, social network and contacts with health care. Adapting their activities to be prepared if something happened (52%), having regular contact to prevent problems (35%), helping in contacts with the hospital (57%), helping with instrumental activities of daily living (49%), personal activities of daily living (14%), medical care (11%) and helping to improve functions (14%) were the activities reported. Adapting own activities, regular contact, weak economy and needing instrumental help with daily living oneself predicted low MCS12. The importance of early involvement on the part of the caregivers was emphasized.
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27.
  • Elf, Lena Marie, 1962, et al. (författare)
  • A dynamic conceptual model of care planning
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CARING SCIENCES. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 21:4, s. 530-538
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article presents a conceptual model of the care planning process developed to identify the hypothetical links between structural, process and outcome factors important to the quality of the process. Based on existing literature, it was hypothesized that a thorough assessment of patients' health needs is an important prerequisite when making a rigorous diagnosis and preparing plans for various care interventions. Other important variables that are assumed to influence the quality of the process are the care culture and professional knowledge. The conceptual model was developed as a system dynamics causal loop diagram as a first essential step towards a computed model. System dynamics offers the potential to describe processes in a nonlinear, dynamic way and is suitable for exploring, comprehending, learning and communicating complex ideas about care processes.
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28.
  • Elgán, Carina, 1962-, et al. (författare)
  • Being in charge of life : perceptions of lifestyle among women of retirement age
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 23:4, s. 730-735
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of lifestyle among women of retirement age. BACKGROUND: Women go through many transitions during their lives, which impact on their lifestyle and possibly their outlook on life. Family circumstances such as motherhood and marital status change over time and the menopause is also likely to influence their view of life. METHOD: Data were collected through interviews with 20 women, aged 61-70, selected by means of strategic sampling. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenographic approach. FINDINGS: Three structural aspects emerged: being healthy as life turns out, living life in their own way, and taking care of everyday life. The women described lifestyle as a means of being healthy, having an active role in society, being content with what one has and the need to adapt oneself to limiting circumstances. Lifestyle was also associated with being in charge and making one's own choices in life based on one's own values. They reported that they were independent and made decisions about their life. The informants considered that lifestyle was an asset that helped them to cope with everyday life and to make the most of each day. CONCLUSION: Lifestyle is a tool that requires independence, the right to self-determination over everyday life and adjustment to limitations in order to ensure the psychological well-being of women of retirement age. Further research is needed in order to delineate the possible association between lifestyle and psychological well-being.
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29.
  • Elgán, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • Being in charge of life : perceptions of lifestyle among women of retirement age
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 23:4, s. 730-735
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the perceptions of lifestyle among women of retirement age.Background: Women go through many transitions during their lives, which impact on their lifestyle and possibly their outlook on life. Family circumstances such as motherhood and marital status change over time and the menopause is also likely to influence their view of life.Method: Data were collected through interviews with 20 women, aged 61–70, selected by means of strategic sampling. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenographic approach.Findings: Three structural aspects emerged: being healthy as life turns out, living life in their own way, and taking care of everyday life. The women described lifestyle as a means of being healthy, having an active role in society, being content with what one has and the need to adapt oneself to limiting circumstances. Lifestyle was also associated with being in charge and making one’s own choices in life based on one’s own values. They reported that they were independent and made decisions about their life. The informants considered that lifestyle was an asset that helped them to cope with everyday life and to make the most of each day.Conclusion: Lifestyle is a tool that requires independence, the right to self‐determination over everyday life and adjustment to limitations in order to ensure the psychological well‐being of women of retirement age. Further research is needed in order to delineate the possible association between lifestyle and psychological well‐being.
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30.
  • Elgán, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • Young women´s lifestyle behaviours and their bone mineral density changes:a grounded theory analysis.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 19:1, s. 39-45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Only limited information is available on healthy young women's perspective of their own lifestyle behaviours. By lifestyle behaviours, e.g. smoking and physical activity, individuals have the possibility to influence bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to generate a theoretical model of lifestyle behaviours among young women with different BMD changes. Methods: Data were collected by interviewing with 11 women, and the material was analysed by means of the grounded theory. Findings: Two core categories were generated: (i) the respondents' outlook on life and (ii) their life situation. The respondents' outlook on life was either `rigid' or `relaxed'. Respondents who had a rigid outlook on life adjusted with others and had a decreased BMD while those with a relaxed outlook on life were doing things for fun and had an increased BMD level. Life situation also consisted of two categories: `stagnation' and `development'. Respondents in a static life situation did not pursue any active actions while in a developing life situation, the respondents were actively striving towards a goal. Four dimensions which characterized the respondents' outlook on life in relation to their life situation emerged: subordinating and enduring with a decreased BMD level or compromising and discerning with an increased BMD level. Conclusion: It seems as if the outlook on life has a greater influence than the acted lifestyle behaviour for bone development. Further research is needed to generalize the findings of this study and to explore the importance of the outlook on life among women of all ages.
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31.
  • Englund, Ann-Charlotte, et al. (författare)
  • Assisting teens with asthma to take command
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20:2, s. 193-201
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In English To meet and work with teenagers may be a challenge for caregivers as adolescence is a period when youths try to establish autonomy. Although asthma is an increasing problem worldwide, few studies have addressed professional caregivers' motives and actions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe professional caregivers' strategies in their work with teenagers with asthma. Grounded theory, inspired by Glaser, was used to uncover the phenomenon. The informants were seven professional caregivers who worked at an eight-day asthma camp for teenagers in Sweden. Participant observations and interviews were used, and the first author collected the data and participated in the activities. Findings show that professional caregivers' core concern is to assist teenagers with asthma to take command. This core concern gives rise to five strategies: showing respect, being at hand, promoting own responsibility, promoting to exceed boundaries and promoting reflections. In professional caregivers' attempt to assist teenagers to take command some differences are seen in the way they support boys and girls. One conclusion drawn from our study is that the provisional theory of 'Assisting teenagers with asthma to take command' is not only suitable for professional caregivers working at asthma camps; it may, in some degree, also be used as a source of inspiration for professional caregivers in other settings.
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32.
  • Esbensen, Bente Appel, et al. (författare)
  • Being next of kin to an elderly person with cancer
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 24:4, s. 648-654
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of the study was to illuminate the experience of life as next of kin to an elderly person with cancer. Background: Being next of kin to an elderly person with cancer and its impact on everyday life has been sparsely researched. Such understanding is needed to support both the sufferers and their relatives in dealing with issues arising after a cancer diagnosis in old age. Design: A qualitative study was used to illuminate the experience of next of kin of elderly people with cancer. Method: In total, 16 (mean age 61, range 42-80) persons were interviewed. Open-ended interviews were used to get closer to their experiences. Manifest and latent content analysis were used. Findings: Two main categories, Transformations of roles and Changed frames of mind, were identified, as well as four subcategories. The study showed that the cancer activated perceptions in the next of kin about ageing and growing old. The onset of the disease was a turning point, i.e. the disease highlighted that the patient had become old and the combination of this and the disease reinforced the negative image of old age in general. The next of kin found that the diagnosis of cancer was followed by role changes within the family. It awoke feelings of anger and doubt and made the next of kin stop and think about what is really important in life. Conclusion: With the onset of a serious illness, all next of kin are greatly affected in many ways but especially by changes in their roles, without, however, being prepared. The phenomenon of time seems to have significant meaning to the next of kin, although it may be perceived differently from the perspective of healthcare professionals than from that of next of kin.
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33.
  • Esbensen, Bente Appel, et al. (författare)
  • Quality of life of elderly persons with cancer: a 6-month follow-up
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 21:2, s. 178-190
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in quality of life (QoL) in elderly persons diagnosed with cancer (65 years and above), in relation to age, contact with the health-care system, activities of daily living, hope, social network and support. The investigation points were at time of diagnosis (baseline), and again 3 and 6 months after the diagnosis. The study also aimed to investigate which of the aforementioned factors predicted deteriorated QoL in elderly persons with cancer from baseline to the 6-month investigation. At baseline, the sample consisted of 101 individuals aged (age 65+) recently diagnosed with cancer (74 women, 27 men), but was reduced to 75 (57 women, 18 men) by the 6-month investigation point. EORTC QLQ C30, Katz ADL, Nowotny's Hope Scale and Interview Schedule for Social Interaction were used in structured personal interviews and questionnaires. Emotional function improved significantly over time, and complaints of nausea and vomiting decreased. Contact with a district nurse at baseline predicted deteriorated QoL from baseline to 6 months later. Support from grandchildren increased significantly. About 30% of the total sample deteriorated in QoL, by the significant >= 10 units, from baseline to 6-month follow-up, while about 70% remained stable in QoL from baseline. The majority of the elderly persons with cancer showed an ability to adjust to the new condition. However, in clinical practice, specific attention should be paid to the most vulnerable groups of elderly persons with cancer: those with advanced disease and decreased hope, and those with increased need of both informal and formal assistance.
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34.
  • Fagerström, Cecilia, et al. (författare)
  • Determinants of Feeling Hindered by Health Problems in Daily Living at 60 Years and Above
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 22:3, s. 410-421
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is frequently used to identify the impact on daily living caused by health problems such as diseases, impaired eyesight or hearing, it is still not well known what makes people feel hindered in daily living with more or less inability to perform ADL. The aim of this study was to investigate feeling hindered by health problems in daily living among people (n = 958, 60-96 years) in relation to ADL capacity, health problems as well as social and financial resources, sense of coherence and life satisfaction. The data are taken from a baseline survey in one of the four included centres (Blekinge) of the longitudinal multicentre cohort study, The Swedish National Study on Aging and Care. The result showed that people felt hindered by their health problems despite no impairment in ADL capacity. Feeling greatly hindered by health problems was associated with factors linked to mobility but also to fatigue, no help when needed, and avoiding being outdoors due to fear of falling. Factors associated with feeling greatly hindered differed depending on whether people were impaired in ADL capacity or not. In people with excellent ADL capacity feeling hindered was associated with picking up things from the floor and rising from a chair and fatigue, whereas avoiding being outdoors, no help when needed and rising from a chair were found to be associated with feeling hindered by health problems among people with impaired ADL capacity. Combining people's ADL capacity with questions about feeling hindered may provide knowledge of determinant factors of feeling hindered in relation to ADL capacity, impaired or not, to identify people in need of rehabilitation or other interventions.
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35.
  • Hallberg, Ann-Christine, et al. (författare)
  • Swedish child health care in a changing society.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 19:3, s. 196-203
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
  •  
36.
  • Hansson, Lars, et al. (författare)
  • Empowerment in people with a mental illness: reliability and validity of the Swedish version of an empowerment scale.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 19:1, s. 32-38
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Empowerment has become a widespread concept in various social policy contexts referring to different marginalized groups. Empowerment has also been focused within the mental health field although little empirical research exists. The aim of the present study was to investigate internal consistency and construct validity of the Swedish version of an empowerment scale developed for people with a mental illness, Making Decisions. Ninety-two persons were subject to an interview also comprising assessments of quality of life, needs for care, psychiatric symptoms, psychosocial functioning, aspects of the social network, rejection experiences and attitudes of devaluation/discrimination towards people with mental illness. The results showed that the overall scale and the subscales had a good internal consistency, except for the subscale power–powerlessness. A factor analysis revealed two superordinate factors, self-esteem and activism and community and power, with a satisfactory internal consistency. These two factors showed a good construct validity with expected associations to validation measures. Stigma was most markedly associated with self-esteem and activism, and a higher level of education was most strongly associated with community and power. In conclusion, the Swedish version Making Decisions may well be used in further studies of empowerment among people with a mental illness.
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37.
  • Hellström, Ylva, et al. (författare)
  • Determinants and characteristics of help provision for elderly people living at home and in relation to quality of life
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 18:4, s. 387-395
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to investigate determinants of help from informal or formal caregivers or a combination of both among people aged 75 or more and living at home, and the characteristics of the recipients, the help they received and their quality of life (QoL). The sample for this study was 448 elderly people, 75-99 years of age, living at home and receiving help with activities for daily living, instrumental or both instrumental and personal. Regression analysis showed high QoL not to be significantly related to who was providing the help, whilst it was related to higher age, living with someone, lower number of complaints and managing to be alone at home. Multinomial regression analysis showed age, number of children, number of complaints, the ability to stay alone at home and living alone to predict receiving help from different kinds of caregivers. Recipients receiving help from informal caregivers were younger, more often married and living together with someone, whilst those receiving help from both informal and formal caregivers had more help with instrumental and personal activities for daily living and were not able to stay alone at home as much as those receiving help from other kinds of caregivers. Those receiving help from formal caregivers had fewer children, were single and were living alone more often than the other recipients. Thus the responsibility for help for elderly people rests heavily on informal caregivers, whom it seems essential to support. As public service at home is preferably given to those living alone or able to stay alone at home, those without relatives may not be able to remain at home when their need of help increases.
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38.
  • Holst, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Wellbeing among people with dementia and their next of kin over a period of 3 years
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:3, s. 549-557
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Little is known about the dyadic experience over time of people with dementia and their next of kin. The aim of this study was to investigate the state of mind of people with dementia, their next of kin’s experience of burden and satisfaction, and factors associated with these experiences over a 3-year period. The sample consisted of 32 people with dementia living at home with family caregivers in the south of Sweden. Data were collected during the period 2004–2007 and consisted of patients self reports (GDS), dementia nurse assessment (MMSE, Berger and ADL) and next-of-kin assessment (patient’s state of mind and care provision). Data also consisted of nextof- kin’s self reports concerning health, burden and satisfaction. The result showed that patients’ state of mind was mainly positive at baseline but a deterioration was seen over time in the patient’s mood and cognitive functioning together with an increase in ADLdependency and suspected depression. Dependency in personal ADL entailed a higher risk of being in a negative state of mind. For next of kin the experience of burden increased while satisfaction decreased over the 3 years. The inter-relationship between the patients’ mood and the caregiver’s satisfaction and burden seems to get stronger over time. At baseline caregiver burden was mainly related to the next of kins’ general health and to patient behaviours that were difficult to handle. During the progression of the disease caregiver satisfaction becomes increasingly related to patient state of mind and dependency. There is, however, a need for more research focusing on the specific inter-relational aspects as previous studies have mainly focused on either the situation for the person with dementia or on the caregiver.
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39.
  • Holst, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Wellbeing among people with dementia and their next of kin over a period of 3 years
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. - 02839318 ; 25:3, s. 549-557
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Little is known about the dyadic experience over time of people with dementia and their next of kin. The aim of this study was to investigate the state of mind of people with dementia, their next of kin's experience of burden and satisfaction, and factors associated with these experiences over a 3-year period. The sample consisted of 32 people with dementia living at home with family caregivers in the south of Sweden. Data were collected during the period 2004-2007 and consisted of patients self reports (GDS), dementia nurse assessment (MMSE, Berger and ADL) and next-of-kin assessment (patient's state of mind and care provision). Data also consisted of next-of-kin's self reports concerning health, burden and satisfaction. The result showed that patients' state of mind was mainly positive at baseline but a deterioration was seen over time in the patient's mood and cognitive functioning together with an increase in ADL-dependency and suspected depression. Dependency in personal ADL entailed a higher risk of being in a negative state of mind. For next of kin the experience of burden increased while satisfaction decreased over the 3 years. The inter-relationship between the patients' mood and the caregiver's satisfaction and burden seems to get stronger over time. At baseline caregiver burden was mainly related to the next of kins' general health and to patient behaviours that were difficult to handle. During the progression of the disease caregiver satisfaction becomes increasingly related to patient state of mind and dependency. There is, however, a need for more research focusing on the specific inter-relational aspects as previous studies have mainly focused on either the situation for the person with dementia or on the caregiver.
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40.
  • Hommel, Ami, et al. (författare)
  • Improvements in pain relief, handling time and pressure ulcers through internal audits of hip fracture patients.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 17:1, s. 78-83
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this project was to improve the outcome of hip fracture patients by optimizing preoperative pain relief, diminishing the time from admission to operation and reducing the occurrence of pressure ulcers. A retrospective study of all medical records of hip fracture patients from the last 4 months in 1998 was compared with prospective registrations during the same period in 1999 and 2000 after the introduction of quality improvements. The number of patients who waited for more than 1 hour to get pain relief was almost halved after improvements. In 1998, close to half of the patients had to wait more than 24 hours for an operation. After attention was given to quality improvements, 36% of the patients in 1999 and 34% of the patients in 2000 had to wait more than 24 hours. In addition, 18% of the patients in 1999 and 24% of the patients in 2000 vs. 11% in 1998 were operated on within 12 had to wait more than 24 hours. Pressure ulcers were considerably reduced. In total, 19% of the patients in 1998, 8% in 1999 and 4.5% in 2000 had pressure ulcers at discharge from the hospital. The outcome for hip fracture patients was improved through attention to quality improvements with all staff involved and focused on these patients.
  •  
41.
  • Jakobsson, Ulf (författare)
  • Psychometric testing of the brief screening version of Multidimensional Pain Inventory (Swedish version).
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 23:1, s. 171-179
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The brief screening version of the Multidimensional Pain inventory (MPI) is a shorter version of the West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory that measures pain in a multidimensional way and is theoretically linked to a cognitive-behavioural perspective on chronic pain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the 'brief screening version' of the Multidimensional Pain inventory Swedish version (MPI-S). METHODS: An age-stratified cross-sectional study, comprising 384 people aged 18-102 years, was carried out in southern Sweden in 2005. Factor analyses were performed to investigate the factor structure of the instrument and inter-correlation between the sub-scales as well as external measures were used to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha). RESULTS: Mean scores and standard deviations are presented for the total sample as well as for each stratum. The inter-correlations revealed that discriminant validity was not satisfactory in the total sample, although the correlation analysis in each stratum showed acceptable discriminant validity in most age groups. The factor structure was the same as in the MPI-S in all age groups, except for those aged >or=90 years. Reliability tests (Cronbach's alpha) showed alpha values ranging between 0.68 and 0.93. CONCLUSION: The result showed that the instrument had acceptable validity and reliability in all age groups except for those aged >or=90 years. Thus, the instrument can be seen as a useful (multidimensional) form of screening for chronic pain.
  •  
42.
  • Jakobsson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Statistical methods for assessing agreement for ordinal data
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 19:4, s. 427-431
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evaluation of various methods in clinical practice is often based on interpretations by two or more observers. Such data need to be analysed with correct statistics, or the results and conclusions may be misleading. In this study, the use of measures of agreement for ordinal data in five international nursing journals is reviewed and various methods for measuring agreement are presented and discussed. Analyses of agreement did not seem to be very common in nursing research, but a great variation was found regarding the choice of method for analysing agreement. Both acceptable and unacceptable methods were found in the articles reviewed. When choosing among various methods for agreement the weighted κ-coefficient is probably the most useful for ordinal data, but several issues of concern arise and need to be taken into consideration when using these types of analyses.
  •  
43.
  • Jakobsson, Ulf, et al. (författare)
  • Statistical methods for assessing agreement for ordinal data.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 19:4, s. 427-431
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Evaluation of various methods in clinical practice is often based on interpretations by two or more observers. Such data need to be analysed with correct statistics, or the results and conclusions may be misleading. In this study, the use of measures of agreement for ordinal data in five international nursing journals is reviewed and various methods for measuring agreement are presented and discussed. Analyses of agreement did not seem to be very common in nursing research, but a great variation was found regarding the choice of method for analysing agreement. Both acceptable and unacceptable methods were found in the articles reviewed. When choosing among various methods for agreement the weighted κ-coefficient is probably the most useful for ordinal data, but several issues of concern arise and need to be taken into consideration when using these types of analyses.
  •  
44.
  • Jakobsson, Ulf (författare)
  • Statistical presentation and analysis of ordinal data in nursing research.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 18:4, s. 437-440
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the presentation and analysis of ordinal data in three international nursing journals in 2003. Method: In total, 166 full-length articles from the 2003 editions of Cancer Nursing, Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences and Nursing Research were reviewed for their use of ordinal data. Results: This review showed that ordinal scales were used in about a third of the articles. However, only about half of the articles that used ordinal data had appropriate data presentation and only about half of the analyses of the ordinal data were performed properly. Conclusions: Ordinal data are rather common in nursing research, but a large share of the studies do not present/analyse the result properly. Incorrect presentation and analysis of the data may lead to bias and reduced ability to detect statistical differences or effects, resulting in misleading information. This highlights the importance of knowledge about data level, and underlying assumptions for the statistical tests must be considered to ensure correct presentation and analyses of data.
  •  
45.
  • Janlöv, Ann-Christin, 1955-, et al. (författare)
  • Care managers' view of family influence on needs assessment of older people
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 25:2, s. 243-252
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research has shown that families experience poor involvement in needs assessment of older people while little is known about municipal care managers' views of family participation. The aim was to explore how municipal care managers view families' participation in and influence on needs assessment of older people receiving public home help. Individual interviews (n = 26) were conducted with care managers (n = 5) about their previously conducted needs assessments (n = 5-6). As a complement, a focus group interview with care managers (n = 9) from nine different municipalities was conducted. All interviews were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. The results revealed the overarching category, 'Having to establish boundaries towards family influence and at the same time use them as a resource', which encompassed five principal categories. How family participation was viewed and handled during the needs assessment process seemed determined by the way care managers set boundaries for their professional responsibility. Their views revealed both distancing and strengthening attitudes. The distancing attitude dominated, in particular towards family members who were not perceived as having any legal rights to be considered, even though their participation was an important resource. To follow legislation and municipal guidelines of allocation of public home help to avoid reprimands caused a need for self-protection. The care managers seemed pressed by demands from organizations and families, and in this competition, the family lost out. Adherence to organizational developed patterns of handling legislation and guidelines were prioritized. Because family members often are older and assist in providing care, family participation in the needs assessment of older help recipients needs further societal support.
  •  
46.
  • Janlöv, Ann-Christin, et al. (författare)
  • Care managers' view of family influence on needs assessment of older people
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 25:2, s. 243-252
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Research has shown that families experience poor involvement in needs assessment of older people while little is known about municipal care managers' views of family participation. The aim was to explore how municipal care managers view families' participation in and influence on needs assessment of older people receiving public home help. Individual interviews (n = 26) were conducted with care managers (n = 5) about their previously conducted needs assessments (n = 5-6). As a complement, a focus group interview with care managers (n = 9) from nine different municipalities was conducted. All interviews were analysed using a qualitative content analysis. The results revealed the overarching category, 'Having to establish boundaries towards family influence and at the same time use them as a resource', which encompassed five principal categories. How family participation was viewed and handled during the needs assessment process seemed determined by the way care managers set boundaries for their professional responsibility. Their views revealed both distancing and strengthening attitudes. The distancing attitude dominated, in particular towards family members who were not perceived as having any legal rights to be considered, even though their participation was an important resource. To follow legislation and municipal guidelines of allocation of public home help to avoid reprimands caused a need for self-protection. The care managers seemed pressed by demands from organizations and families, and in this competition, the family lost out. Adherence to organizational developed patterns of handling legislation and guidelines were prioritized. Because family members often are older and assist in providing care, family participation in the needs assessment of older help recipients needs further societal support.
  •  
47.
  • Johansson, Håkan, et al. (författare)
  • Patients' opinion on what constitutes good psychiatric care.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 17:4, s. 339-346
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study investigates patients' opinion on what constitutes good psychiatric care. It was a qualitative study using an open-ended in-depth interview centring on the patient's experiences of receiving psychiatric care. The subjects were selected to ensure maximum variation and heterogeneity. A model of deliberate sampling for heterogeneity and a modified, stratified sampling method were used. One outpatient and one inpatient sample were selected. The description and analysis of data were based on a variable-oriented, cross-case technique. The analysis was made separately for the two sub-samples. The main result for both samples was the emergence of one main category: the quality of the helping encounter. The quality of the relationship between patient and therapist/staff, and being understood by the therapist/staff, formed the most central aspects of good care. For the inpatient group the analyses also pointed to stability and structure and relief of pressure as main categories. Though the focus of the study was on satisfaction with general psychiatric care, the results revealed a construct initially identified within the field of psychotherapy, namely the 'helping alliance', as the most crucial factor. The results also gave some further indications of what bring about a good therapeutic relationship; and prominent in this study, and not very often reported in the context of helping alliance, was that ambivalence, time and meaning were important constituents of the relationship. The findings emphasize the importance and quality of the therapeutic relationship and point to the incorporation of psychotherapeutic principles in all provider–patient relationships in general psychiatric care.
  •  
48.
  • Johansson, Karin, et al. (författare)
  • Breast cancer patients' experiences of lymphoedema
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1471-6712 .- 0283-9318. ; 17:1, s. 35-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to explore employed women's experiences of light or moderate arm lymphoedema following breast cancer treatment in order to gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. Twelve women took part in a semistructured interview. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied to analyse data. in order to integrate the experiences in the everyday life of the women, a critical incident method was used. The findings indicate that there are many different practical and psychosocial problems related to arm lymphoedema. Three main themes were common to all the women. These themes were: (i) Attitudes from people in their surroundings, including reactions to the problem from other people and reactions from the women on the attitudes of other people. (ii) Discovery and understanding of oedema as a chronic disease and its treatment. (iii) Coping, including both problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies. The problems integrated in daily life were of low frequency but of considerable importance to the women. In conclusion, it is of great importance that health care professionals should be aware of and have knowledge about these problems. The women's needs for expressing their experiences of arm lymphoedema may be encouraged at the time of discovery and then regularly as long as the women seek care. Efforts may be made to strengthen the women's coping skills, eventually in a multidisciplinary approach. The interaction skills of health care professionals are probably of great importance in strengthening the resources of the women leading to a positive outcome.
  •  
49.
  • Karlsson, Staffan, 1959-, et al. (författare)
  • Functional ability and health complaints among older people with a combination of public and informal care vs. public care only
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 22:1, s. 136-148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the study was to investigate functional ability and health complaints of people, 65+, living in special accommodation (equivalent to nursing home) and their counterparts who live at home and receive municipal care or a combination of municipal and informal care. Persons (n = 1958) receiving municipal care were assessed in terms of functional ability, health complaints, and level of informal and municipal care and services. The results showed that more home care, services and help with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were provided to those receiving only municipal care at home, while more home care and services associated with Personal Activities of Daily Living (PADL) as well as nursing care were provided to those receiving informal care in addition to formal care. Cohabitation was a predictor of a combination of municipal and informal care in the home (OR: 5.935), while assistance with IADL provided by municipal home care and services predicted municipal care only (OR: 0.344). Care in special accommodation was predicted by advanced age (OR: 1.051), dependency in IADL (OR: 19.883) and PADL (OR: 2.695), and impaired cognitive ability (OR: 3.849) with receiving municipal care only as a reference. Living alone (OR: 0.106), dependency in IADL (OR: 11.348) and PADL (OR: 2.506), impaired cognitive ability (OR: 3.448), impaired vision or blindness (OR: 1.812) and the absence of slowly healing wounds (OR: 0.407) were predictors of special accommodation with a combination of informal and municipal care at home as a reference. The distribution of municipal care divided older people into three distinct groups. The most frail and elderly people who had no cohabitants received care in special accommodation, determined by their level of physical and cognitive dependency. The frailest individuals living at home were cohabiting and received a combination of municipal and informal care, while those who were less dependent mainly had help with IADL from municipal care only. The results indicate that there is a shift from the substitution to the complementary model and highlights that attention to the family carers is needed. © 2008 Nordic College of Caring Science
  •  
50.
  • Karlsson, Staffan, et al. (författare)
  • Functional ability and health complaints among older people with a combination of public and informal care vs. public care only
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 22:1, s. 136-148
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the study was to investigate functional ability and health complaints of people, 65+, living in special accommodation (equivalent to nursing home) and their counterparts who live at home and receive municipal care or a combination of municipal and informal care. Persons (n = 1958) receiving municipal care were assessed in terms of functional ability, health complaints, and level of informal and municipal care and services. The results showed that more home care, services and help with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were provided to those receiving only municipal care at home, while more home care and services associated with Personal Activities of Daily Living (PADL) as well as nursing care were provided to those receiving informal care in addition to formal care. Cohabitation was a predictor of a combination of municipal and informal care in the home (OR: 5.935), while assistance with IADL provided by municipal home care and services predicted municipal care only (OR: 0.344). Care in special accommodation was predicted by advanced age (OR: 1.051), dependency in IADL (OR: 19.883) and PADL (OR: 2.695), and impaired cognitive ability (OR: 3.849) with receiving municipal care only as a reference. Living alone (OR: 0.106), dependency in IADL (OR: 11.348) and PADL (OR: 2.506), impaired cognitive ability (OR: 3.448), impaired vision or blindness (OR: 1.812) and the absence of slowly healing wounds (OR: 0.407) were predictors of special accommodation with a combination of informal and municipal care at home as a reference. The distribution of municipal care divided older people into three distinct groups. The most frail and elderly people who had no cohabitants received care in special accommodation, determined by their level of physical and cognitive dependency. The frailest individuals living at home were cohabiting and received a combination of municipal and informal care, while those who were less dependent mainly had help with IADL from municipal care only. The results indicate that there is a shift from the substitution to the complementary model and highlights that attention to the family carers is needed.
  •  
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