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| 3. |
- Burgu, Berk, et al.
(författare)
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Both dorsal and ventral flaps can be used in previously circumcised hypospadic adults with comparable success rates.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International urology and nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2584 .- 0301-1623. ; 42:3, s. 689-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare dorsal and ventral dartos flap outcomes for tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty (TIPU) in terms of success, complication rates and cosmetic appearance in adult circumcised hypospadic men.Forty-two circumcised adult men underwent primary distal or midpenile hypospadias repair for cosmetic reasons by a single surgeon in a prospective randomized trial. Twenty-two patients were randomly selected for TIPU repair with dorsal (Group1, mean age 22.3 years) dartos flap as second layer. Twenty patients were randomly selected for TIPU repair with ventral dartos flap (Group2, mean age 21.1 years). Satisfaction questionnaires were answered by patients before surgery and at postoperative 6 weeks. The operating surgeon also filled in the form blindly at the same postoperative period. The differences between pre and postoperative satisfaction scores for each group were also evaluated. Preoperatively, all cases were evaluated with uroflowmetry and compared with postoperative results measured at 6th week of surgery. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.Mean follow-up was 24 months (4-28). Complications were encountered in 18 and 20% of the patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Complications were urethrocutaneous fistula, meatal stenosis, retrusive/proximal meatus and residual curvature. Success rates were 82 and 80%, respectively. No differences were seen in overall satisfaction between the two groups (P = 0.07).Outcome of hypospadias repair in circumcised adults for cosmetic reasons is similar to uncircumcised hypospadics previously mentioned in the literature. Both dorsal and ventral flaps can be used in previously circumcised hypospadic adults with comparable satisfaction and complication rates and uroflow findings.
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| 6. |
- Dousdampanis, Periklis, et al.
(författare)
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Two icodextrin exchanges per day in peritoneal dialysis patients with ultrafiltration failure: one center's experience and review of the literature
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2584 .- 0301-1623. ; 43:1, s. 203-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- At present, only one exchange of an icodextrin-based solution is recommended to increase peritoneal ultrafiltration (UF) during long-dwell exchanges in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with impaired UF. To review our experience with two icodextrin exchanges per day on net UF and body weight in PD patients with poor UF. Data were analyzed on nine patients with poor UF on chronic PD who were given two icodextrin exchanges per day for 6 months and had various clinical and biochemical parameters assessed monthly. Administration of icodextrin twice daily reduced the body weight in six of nine patients by an average of 2.9 +/- A 1.2 kg, a reduction that was maintained throughout the study; two patients gained 0.5 kg; and, in one patient, the measurements were inadequate. Mean blood pressure was reduced. Mean serum creatinine increased slightly. Serum sodium levels decreased from a mean baseline level of 134 +/- A 3 to 132 +/- A 4 mmol/L at three and six months. Among the diabetics in this group, average daily insulin requirements were 44 +/- A 35 units/day at baseline and 40 +/- A 23 units/day after 6 months. Hb1Ac levels remained stable throughout the study period. The use of two icodextrin exchanges per day reduced body weight in six of the nine patients and appeared to be safe. Long-term prospective studies are needed to assess the contribution of twice-daily icodextrin to the management of peritoneal dialysis patients with ultrafiltration failure and its long-term safety.
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| 9. |
- Elzanaty, Saad
(författare)
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Non-obstructive azoospermia and clinical varicocele: therapeutic options.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-2584 .- 0301-1623. ; 45:3, s. 669-674
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ten to fifteen percent of infertile men are azoospermic, and sixty percent of these men have been classified as having non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). NOA results from testicular failure, and one of the causes of this is the presence of varicocele. Varicocele is observed in 5-10 % of men with NOA. This review discusses the impact of varicocele repair on semen quality and pregnancy rate among men with NOA. Based on the best available evidence, varicocele repair of men with NOA is associated with an improvement in semen quality and pregnancy rate. Thus, it appears to be an effective therapeutic option for this group of men, particularly for those with a female partner who is younger than 35 years of age, before an assisted reproductive technique (ART) is initiated. Semen cryopreservation is recommended once the patient has spermatozoa in the ejaculate. In addition, varicocele repair seems to improve the rate of spermatozoa recovery in testicular sperm extraction for those who requested ART.
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| 12. |
- Han, Hedong, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in HIV-positive patients : a nationwide population-based analysis
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer. - 0301-1623 .- 1573-2584.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To compare differences in clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in light of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) as the most common surgical technique for prostate cancer. Previous data on perioperative complication rates of RALRP in HIV(+) patients are limited by small sample size.Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database from 2008 to 2014 was used to query prostate cancer patients who underwent RALRP. HIV(+) patients were identified through ICD9 codes 042, 043, 044, V08 and 079.53. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, rate of blood transfusion, in-hospital mortality, prolonged length of stay and total cost were compared by univariate, multivariate regression and 1:4 propensity score matched analyses.Results: Overall, 270,319 weighted patients undergoing RALRP were identified, among whom 546 (0.20%) patients were diagnosed with HIV. Patients with HIV were younger, less likely to be white and had more comorbidities. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that HIV(+) patients had significantly increased genitourinary complications (odds ratio [OR]: 3.31; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-10.68) and miscellaneous surgical events (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.26-8.08). There were no differences in potentially life-threatening cardiac, respiratory and vascular events between patients with and without HIV after RALRP. Propensity score matched analysis yielded similar results.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that patients who underwent RALRP with HIV did not experience higher risk of potentially life-threatening postoperative complications. RALRP could be safely considered as a surgical treatment for HIV(+) patients with prostate cancer.
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| 16. |
- Newman, Diane K, et al.
(författare)
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Intermittent catheterization with single- or multiple-reuse catheters : clinical study on safety and impact on quality of life
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-1623 .- 1573-2584. ; 19:1, s. 1-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Intermittent catheterization (IC) is a proven effective long-term bladder management strategy for individuals who have lower urinary tract dysfunction. This study provides clinical evidence about multiple-reuse versus single-use catheterization techniques and if catheter choice can have an impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL).METHOD: A prospective, multi-center, clinical trial studied patients who currently practiced catheter reuse, and who agreed to prospectively evaluate single-use hydrophilic-coated (HC) (i.e. LoFric) catheters for 4 weeks. A validated Intermittent Self-Catheterization Questionnaire (ISC-Q) was used to obtain HRQoL. Reused catheters were collected and studied with regard to microbial and debris contamination.RESULTS: The study included 39 patients who had practiced IC for a mean of 10 years, 6 times daily. At inclusion, all patients reused catheters for a mean of 21 days (SD = 48) per catheter. 36 patients completed the prospective test period and the mean ISC-Q score increased from 58.0 (SD = 22.6) to 67.2 (SD = 17.7) when patients switched to the single-use HC catheters (p = 0.0101). At the end of the study, 83% (95% CI [67-94%]) preferred to continue using single-use HC catheters. All collected reused catheters (100%) were contaminated by debris and 74% (95% CI [58-87%]) were contaminated by microorganisms, some with biofilm.CONCLUSION: Single-use HC catheters improved HRQoL and were preferred over catheter reuse among people practicing IC. Catheter multiple-reuse may pose a potential safety concern due to colonization by microorganisms as well as having reduced acceptance compared to single use.TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02129738.
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| 17. |
- Ottosson, Kristoffer, et al.
(författare)
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The increased risk for thromboembolism pre-cystectomy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer is mainly due to central venous access : a multicenter evaluation
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer. - 0301-1623 .- 1573-2584. ; 52:4, s. 661-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate if patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) had an increased risk of thromboembolic events (TEE) and to evaluate when these events occur on a timeline starting from 6 months pre-cystectomy, during NAC-administration and 60 months post-cystectomy.Methods: Two hundred and fifty five patients undergoing radical cystectomy during 2009–2014 at three Swedish cystectomy centers (Umeå, Linköping and Sundsvall) were in-detail reviewed retrospectively, using individual medical records. One hundred and twenty nine patients were ineligible for analysis. NAC patients (n = 67) were compared to NAC-naïve NAC-eligible patients (n = 59). The occurrence of TEE was divided into different periods pre-cystectomy and post-cystectomy. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared and logistical regression tests.Results: Significant associations were found between receiving NAC and acquiring a TEE during NAC therapy pre-cystectomy. All but one pre-cystectomy event was venous and all but one of the patients received NAC. 31% (14/45) of TEEs occurred pre-cystectomy. The incidence of TEEs pre-cystectomy in NAC-naive NAC-eligible patients was only 10% (2/20), whereas the incidence of TEEs in NAC patients occurred pre-cystectomy in 48% (12/25) and 11/12 incidents were detected during NAC therapy—this including 7/11 (64%) incidents affecting veins in anatomical conjunction with the placement of central venous access for chemotherapy administration.Conclusions: There is a significantly increased risk for TEE pre-cystectomy during chemotherapy administration in MIBC patients receiving NAC, compared to the risk in NAC-naïve NAC-eligible MIBC patients. In 64% of the pre-RC TEEs in NAC patients, there was a clinical connection to placement of central venous access.
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| 21. |
- Svensson, Anders S., et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of serum cystatin C and creatinine changes after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with normal preoperative kidney function
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0301-1623 .- 1573-2584. ; 45:6, s. 1597-1603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeSerum creatinine is used ubiquitously to estimate glomerular filtration rate and to diagnose acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. Serum cystatin C is a novel biomarker that has emerged as a possible diagnostic alternative to serum creatinine. It is unclear if the dynamic changes in serum cystatin C immediately following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) differ from those of serum creatinine in patients with normal preoperative kidney function.MethodsWe compared changes in serum levels of creatinine and cystatin C by measuring them serially in 19 patients undergoing CPB. Within-patient differences for serum creatinine and serum cystatin C were compared by repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsSerum creatinine and cystatin C levels showed significant correlation with each other. Both biomarkers showed a significant decrease after CPB, but their serum concentrations reverted to pre-CPB levels within 12 h. Serum levels of serum creatinine remained unchanged from baseline levels throughout 72-h post-CPB. In contrast, serum cystatin C levels rose further and became significantly higher compared to baseline within 48 h. Serum cystatin C remained significantly elevated at 48- and 72-h post-CPB.ConclusionsProcesses that determine the serum concentrations of serum creatinine and cystatin C in the post-CPB period affect the two biomarkers differently, suggesting that the two are not interchangeable as diagnostic markers of glomerular filtration rate. Future studies are needed to examine if these discrepancies are related to differences in their production rates, in their ability to detect small changes in glomerular filtration rate, or to a combination of these, and to determine the effect of such differences on the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of the two biomarkers.
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| 23. |
- Wasén, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Epidermal growth factor receptor function in the human urothelium
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Urology and Nephrology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0301-1623 .- 1573-2584. ; 50:4, s. 647-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2018, The Author(s). Purpose: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr)-targeted therapy may be used in subgroups of patients with urinary bladder cancer. Here we assessed the role of EGFr in urothelial proliferation and migration in a two- and three-dimensional cell culture system. Methods: UROtsa cells derived from normal urothelium and malignant T24 cells were cultured in a Type I collagengel. Proliferation and migration of urothelial cells, in the absence and presence of the EGFr inhibitor cetuximab, were assessed with a proliferation test (ATCC) and with the Axioplan 2 imaging microscope with a motorized stage (Carl Zeiss), respectively. The expressions of cytokeratin (CK) 17, CK20, EGFr, pEGFr, laminin, occludin and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) were assessed with immunohistochemistry and/or western blot. Results: UROtsa spheroids were formed after 7days in culture, while T24 cells did not form spheroids. UROtsa expressed CK20 but not laminin or CK17 and consequently resembled umbrella cells. In UROtsa and T24, cetuximab inhibited urothelial proliferation, induced cleavage of EGFr and/or pEGFR but did not affect urothelial migration. The tight junction protein occludin was cleaved, and the formation of cellular spheroids was inhibited in UROtsa by the presence of cetuximab. Conclusions: EGFr modulates urothelial proliferation and the formation of the three-dimensional structure of the urothelium possibly by interfering with occludin. The present data also show a cell culture technique enabling phenotypically normal urothelial cells to form epithelial structures in contrast to malignant urothelial cells.
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| 30. |
- Qin, Menghao, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous heat and moisture transport in porous building materials: evaluation of nonisothermal moisture transport properties
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 43:10, s. 3655-3663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a mathematical model for calculating the nonisothermal moisture transfer in porous building materials. The simultaneous heat and moisture transfer problem was modeled. Vapor content and temperature were chosen as principal driving potentials. The coupled equations were solved by a numerical method. An experimental methodology for determining the temperature gradient coefficient for building materials was also proposed. Both the moisture diffusion coefficient and the temperature gradient coefficient for building material were experimentally evaluated. Using the measured moisture transport coefficients, the temperature and vapor content distribution inside building materials were predicted by the new model. The results were compared with experimental data. A good agreement was obtained.
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| 31. |
- Hansson, Sven Ove
(författare)
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Informed consent out of context
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 63:2, s. 149-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several attempts have been made to transfer the concept of informed consent from medical and research ethics to dealing with affected groups in other areas such as engineering, land use planning, and business management. It is argued that these attempts are unsuccessful since the concept of informed consent is inadequate for situations in which groups of affected persons are dealt with collectively (rather than individually, as in clinical medicine). There are several reasons for this. The affected groups from which informed consent is sought cannot be identified with sufficient precision. Informed consent is associated with individual veto power, but it does not appear realistic to give veto power to all individuals who are affected for instance by an engineering project. Most importantly, the concept of informed consent puts focus on the public's acceptance of ready-made proposals rather than on its participation in the decision-making process as a whole, which includes the development of alternatives for the decision. Therefore, the concept of informed consent is not applicable to a company's relations with groups and collectives. It may, however, be applicable to a company's relations with individual persons such as customers and employees.
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| 32. |
- Semykina, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative approach to recovery of iron from steelmaking slags
- 2010
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Ingår i: Ironmaking & steelmaking. - 0301-9233 .- 1743-2812. ; 37:7, s. 536-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work is aimed at the development of a new sustainable method for the utilisation of valuable elements from the steelmaking slag. In the framework of the innovative concept earlier proposed by the authors for utilisation of steelmaking slags, oxidation of iron mono-oxide in the liquid slag was studied experimentally in different atmospheres and in the temperature range 1623-1823 K using thermogravimetry technique. Synthetic (binary and ternary slag system) as well as industrial steelmaking slags were used in the experiments. Analysis of the reaction products was carried out using X-ray diffraction method. A possibility to transform the nonmagnetic iron bearing compounds to magnetite in the steelmaking slag by oxidation has been confirmed.
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| 33. |
- Wikström, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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A study on oxide scale formation of low-carbon steel using thermo gravimetric technique
- 2008
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Ingår i: Ironmaking and Steelmaking. - 0301-9233. ; 35:8, s. 621-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of oxygen content and temperature on the formation of oxide scales of four different steel grades. Thermo gravimetric experiments were carried out. Small samples of low carbon steels with different compositions were exposed to a gas containing a certain amount of oxygen and at temperatures in the range of 1373-1623 K. The mass gain of the steel sample was recorded. On the basis of the oxidation curves, the parabolic rate constants were reported. Post-experimental investigation of the samples was performed using scanning electron microscope and light optical microscope techniques. The results were compared with the scanning electron microscopy graphs of the steel samples taken from the real industrial reheating furnace.
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| 34. |
- Stickley, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood hunger and depressive symptoms in adulthood : findings from a population-based study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 226, s. 332-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several studies have linked childhood hunger to an increased risk for later depression. However, as yet, there has been little research on this relation in adults of all ages or whether there are sex differences in this association. The current study examined these issues using data from a national population-based sample.Methods: Data were analyzed from 5095 adults aged 25–84 collected during the Estonian Health Interview Survey 2006. Information was obtained on the frequency of going to bed hungry in childhood and on depressive symptoms using the Emotional State Questionnaire (EST-Q). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between hunger and depression while controlling for other demographic, socioeconomic and health-related variables.Results: In a fully adjusted model, going to bed hungry in childhood either sometimes or often was associated with significantly increased odds for adult depressive symptoms. When the analysis was stratified by sex the association was more evident in men where any frequency of childhood hunger was linked to adult depression while only women who had experienced hunger often had higher odds for depressive symptoms in the final model.Limitations: Data on childhood hunger were retrospectively reported and may have been affected by recall bias. We also lacked information on potentially relevant variables such as other childhood adversities that might have been important for the observed associations.Conclusion: Childhood hunger is associated with an increased risk for depressive symptoms among adults. Preventing hunger in childhood may be important for mental health across the life course.
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