| 1. |
- Alami, Ilias, et al.
(författare)
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Making space for the new state capitalism, part II : Relationality, spatiotemporality and uneven development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 55:3, s. 621-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The theme issue ‘Making Space for the New State Capitalism’ brings together insights from critical economic geography and heterodox political economy through a series of papers published in three installments, each accompanied by an introductory essay written by the guest editors. In this, the second of these introductory commentaries, we explore the consequences of embracing relationality, spatiotemporality and uneven development, together with the second group of papers. Introducing a final group of papers, the third installment will address the challenges and opportunities of thinking conjuncturally.
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| 2. |
- Alami, Ilias
(författare)
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Racial capitalism, uneven development, and the abstractive powers of race and money
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How does the circulation of capital in the form of money and finance mobilize different constructions of “Blackness” across historical-geographical contexts, and how does this produce uneven development? This contribution offers theoretical and methodological provocations to think about this question, drawing on two cases of raced finance: race-based bank lending in the United States, and international investment to sub-Saharan countries. I argue that the impersonal character of social domination under capitalism, expressed in and by the movement of abstract categories (such as the commodity, value, money, the state) requires that we carefully mobilize the notion of abstraction in theorizing the co-production of racialized difference and uneven development. I develop this conceptual argument by way of a sympathetic yet critical engagement with recent scholarship on racial capitalism, and by bringing the critique of political economy into conversation with the Black radical tradition. The key question is not the extent to which cases of raced finance exhibit a paradigmatic “anti-Blackness.” Rather, it is about how the abstractive powers of race and the social forms of capital refract each other in violent configurations, and contribute to giving the capitalist production of space a raced imprint. The co-production of racialized and spatial difference thus enhances processes of capitalist discipline and extraction mediated by money, while the totalizing operations of money reproduce racialized power relations and uneven development. I then turn to the work of Bhandar and Toscano to reflect methodologically on how to mobilize various levels and modalities of abstraction in concrete research.
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| 3. |
- Alami, Ilias
(författare)
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Ten theses on the new state capitalism and its futures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 55:3, s. 764-769
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global capitalism is currently experiencing a turbulent and polymorphous (geo)political reordering, encompassing multiple transformations in the landscapes of state intervention, and a drastic reconfiguration of the state's role as promoter, supervisor and owner of capital across the world economy. Can the concept of state capitalism aid us in grasping these transformations conceptually? My answer is yes, with the proviso that state capitalism is neither conceptualised as a national (or regional) variety of capitalism, nor as a new regime of accumulation, but as a flexible means of problematising this historic arc in the trajectories of state intervention. Based on this approach, I offer in this essay ten theses on the new state capitalism, its roots in the dynamics of capital accumulation, its relations to broader material conflicts and its potential futures.
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| 4. |
- Amcoff, Jan, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Back to the city : internal return migration to metropolitan regions in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 45:10, s. 2477-2494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal microdata on the Swedish population, 1990-2006, are used to examine the numbers and characteristics of internal return migrants, emphasizing Sweden's three largest cities. Our study indicates that metropolitan regions are gaining population from net return migration, which thus carries people in the same direction as does most internal migration. Evidence also indicates that returnees to metropolitan regions are more likely to stay permanently than are migrants returning elsewhere. Furthermore, return migrants to metropolitan regions are distinguished from other return migrants in ways that emphasize the advantages of these regions, higher incomes and levels of education being among the pronounced attributes. However, metro-bound returnees do not have as many children as do other return migrants.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Claes, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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A complex networks approach to urban growth.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 1472-3409 .- 0308-518X. ; 38, s. 1941-1964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic geography can be viewed as a large and growing network of interacting activities. This fundamental network structure and the large size of such systems makes the complex network approach an attractive model for growth dynamics modeling. In this paper the authors propose the use of complex networks for geographical modeling and demonstrate how such an application can be combined with a cellular model to produce output that is consistent with large-scale regularities such as power laws and fractality. Complex networks can provide a stringent framework for growth dynamic modeling where concepts from, for example, spatial interaction models and multiplicative growth models, can be combined with the flexible representation of land and behaviour found in cellular automata and agent-based models. In addition, there exists a large body of theory for the analysis of complex networks that have direct applications in urban geographic problems. The intended use of such models is twofold: (1) to address the problem of how the empirically observed hierarchical structure of settlements can be explained as a stationary property of a stochastic evolutionary process rather than as equilibrium points in a dynamic process, and, (2) to improve the predictive quality of applied urban modeling.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, David Emanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Phase transitions as a cause of economic development
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 51:3, s. 670-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic development spans centuries and continents. Underlying infrastructural causes of development, such as institutions and networks, are subject to slow but persistent change. Accumulated infrastructural changes eventually become so substantial that they trigger a phase transition. Such transitions disrupt the prior conditions for economic activities and network interdependencies, requiring radically transformed production techniques, organizations and location patterns. The interplay of economic equilibria and structural changes requires a theoretical integration of the slow time scale of infrastructural change and the fast time scale of market equilibration. This paper presents a theory that encompasses both rapidly and slowly changing variables and illustrates how infrequent phase transitions caused four logistical revolutions in Europe over the past millennium.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Ethnic segregation and performance inequality in the Swedish school system : a regional perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 42:11, s. 2674-2686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden is today an immigrant country with more than 14% foreign born. An increasing share of the immigrants comes from non-European countries. This implies that Sweden has been transformed from an ethnically homogenous country into a country with a large visible minority. In this paper we survey the effect of this change on school segregation. Building on Schelling's model for residential segregation, we argue that establishment of a visible minority has triggered a process of school segregation that in some respects can be compared with the developments in the United States. In order to test the validity of a Schelling-type process in Swedish schools we compare segregation levels in regions with different shares of visible minority students.We use data from the PISA 2003 survey in combination with register data on the ethnic composition of student population in different parts of Sweden. We find that school segregation is higher in regions with a large visible-minority population.We also find that, controlling for student background, there are smaller differences in performance across schools in regions with low shares of minority students.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Import flows: extraregional linkages stimulating renewal of regional sectors?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment & Planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 45:12, s. 2999-3017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the role of regional import flows for renewal of regional industries. The hypothesis is that imports stimulate renewal of local industries by being vehicles for technology diffusion and means by which local firms can exploit advantages of global specialisation. We find robust and positive relationships between high-quality imports and renewal of regional exports, where the latter are measured by the introduction of novel export products of local firms. Connectedness to international markets via import networks appears to be a stimulus for the renewal of regional exports.
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| 9. |
- Ansell, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Spaces, times, and critical moments : a relational time-space analysis of the impacts of AIDS on rural youth in Malawi and Lesotho
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 43:3, s. 525-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Southern Africa's AIDS epidemic is profoundly spatially and temporally structured; so too are the lives of the young people whose families it blights. In this paper we draw on qualitative research with AIDS-affected young people in Malawi and Lesotho, and recent work theorising time space in human geography, to examine how time spaces of AIDS-related sickness and death intersect with the time spaces of young people and, importantly, those of their relations with others to produce differentiated outcomes for young people. We also explore the time spaces of those outcomes and of young people's responses to them. We conclude that a relational time space analysis of the impacts of AIDS on young people helps explain the diversity of those young people's experiences and allows AIDS to be contextualised more adequately in relation to everyday life and young people's wider lifecourses and their relationships with others. Moreover, the research points to the significance of the time space structuring of society in shaping the outcomes of familial sickness and death for young people.
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| 10. |
- Baeten, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure and violence : Housing renovation and displacement in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 49:3, s. 631-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on interview material relating to the current wave of housing renovation in Swedish cities,this article will analyse the profit-driven, traumatic and violent displacement in the wake ofcontemporary large-scale renovation processes of the so-called Million Program housingestates from the 1960s and 1970s. We maintain that the current form of displacement(through renovation) has become a regularized profit strategy, for both public and privatehousing companies in Sweden. We will pay special attention to Marcuse’s notion of‘displacement pressure’ which refers not only to actual displacement but also to the anxieties,uncertainties, insecurities and temporalities that arise from possible displacement due tosignificant rent increases after renovation and from the course of events preceding the actualrent increase. Examples of the many insidious forms in which this pressure manifests itself will begiven – examples that illustrate the hypocritical nature of much planning discourse and rhetoric ofurban renewal. We illustrate how seemingly unspectacular measures and tactics deployed in therenovation processes have far-reaching consequences for tenants exposed to actual or potentialdisplacement. Displacement and displacement pressure due to significant rent increases (which isprofit-driven but justified by invoking the ‘technical necessity’ of renovation) undermines the ‘rightto dwell’ and the right to exert a reasonable level of power over one’s basic living conditions, withall the physical and mental benefits that entails – regardless of whether displacement fearsmaterialize in actual displacement or not.
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| 11. |
- Barratt, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Remaking the socio-spatial fix: Actors, time and crisis in two iron ore towns
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ‘spatial fix’ has been central to economic geography for nearly 50 years, examining capitalist development through both stability and change. Harvey’s original conceptions of the fix prioritised capital’s capacity to fix space to accumulate and forestall crisis. We continue this by considering the ‘socio-spatial fix’, allowing closer investigation of who makes the landscapes of capitalism, and how actor choices and actor inter- and intra-relationships forestall crises of accumulation. We show how crisis, time and actors are central to making and re-making socio-spatial fixes and in turn to understanding both the socio-spatial dialectic and the spatial fix. Empirically, we compare two remote but globally networked mining towns, Kiruna, Sweden and Newman, Australia. Mining towns are rewarding case-studies because capital’s relative immobility and the dominance of a single industry make strikingly clear how both production and social reproduction are remade. We enrich general theorisations in three ways, by explaining: first, how crisis-threatening events require renegotiation of socio-spatial arrangements; second, how time and timing are critical in remaking fixes; third, how actor agency and heterogeneity are central because the actors who make fixes change over time and are in complex relationships with each other.
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| 12. |
- Birch, Kean, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Critical approaches to rentiership
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 55:6, s. 1429-1437
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 13. |
- Borgström, Sara, 1977-
(författare)
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Patterns and challenges of urban nature conservation - a study of southern Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 41:11, s. 2671-2685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current, dominating strategy of nature conservation within urban landscapes is to formally protect remaining patches of unexploited nature in nature reserves. However, integration of nature conservation frameworks into urban planning requires reconsideration of key issues, such as why, where, and how to protect nature in a purposeful way. As part of that process I statistically evaluate current nature conservation in 209 municipalities in southern Sweden by analysing the number, size, age, and land cover patterns of 1869 nature reserves in relation to the degree of urbanisation. The analyses reveal that in urban municipalities the nature reserves are fewer, but larger, and have a higher diversity of land covers. Having large nature reserves may be especially important in urban landscapes, since it is often highly fragmented. The land cover compositions show no differences between urban and rural nature reserves. However, urban nature reserves differ more from their surroundings compared with rural nature reserves, according to the identified changes in representation of land cover types with an increasing degree of urbanisation. The most urgent future challenge identified is to develop urban nature conservation strategies that are integrated into the urban context including other green areas and built-up areas, the land-use history, and the requirements for local ecosystem services across the landscape.
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| 14. |
- Borsuk, Imren
(författare)
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Gendered dispossession and women's changing poverty by slum/squatter redevelopment projects : A case study from Turkey
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 55:5, s. 1190-1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Informal settlements have been crucial sites of spatial dispossession and neoliberal urbanization with the displacement of the urban poor from profitable urban areas. This study examines the gendered implications of dispossession and changing dimensions of women's poverty as a result of slum/squatter redevelopment projects. Based on the research of the Kadifekale Urban Transformation Project in Turkey that resettled residents of a highly concentrated Kurdish migrant squatter settlement into a new mass housing estate, the study highlights the impacts of profit-driven urban development projects on women's access to affordable housing, support networks, care work, and employment opportunities. Kurdish women's experiences of displacement and resettlement illustrate in particular the intersectional aspects of gendered dispossession and asset erosion with their exclusion from affordable housing options, dispersal of their communities, and separation from their ethnic employment niches. Drawing upon dispossession and feminist development literature, the study sheds light upon the gendered experiences of displacement, changing livelihood opportunities, gendered access and control over resources, and strategies of resistance that result from slum redevelopment projects.
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| 15. |
- Boyd, Emily
(författare)
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Governing the Clean Development Mechanism : global rhetoric versus local realities in carbon sequestration projects
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 41:10, s. 2380-2395
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global agreements have proliferated in the past ten years. One of these is the Kyoto Protocol, which contains provisions for emissions reductions by trading carbon through the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The CDM is a market-based instrument that allows companies in Annex I countries to offset their greenhouse gas emissions through energy and tree offset projects in the global South. I set out to examine the governance challenges posed by the institutional design of carbon sequestration projects under the CDM. I examine three global narratives associated with the design of CDM forest projects, specifically North-South knowledge politics, green developmentalism, and community participation, and subsequently assess how these narratives match with local practices in two projects in Latin America. Findings suggest that governance problems are operating at multiple levels and that the rhetoric of global carbon actors often asserts these schemes in one light, while the rhetoric of those who are immediately involved locally may be different. I also stress the alarmist's discourse that blames local people for the problems of environmental change. The case studies illustrate the need for vertical communication and interaction and nested governance arrangements as well as horizontal arrangements. I conclude that the global framing of forests as offsets requires better integration of local relationships to forests and their management and more effective institutions at multiple levels to link the very local to the very large scale when dealing with carbon sequestration in the CDM.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Bull, Jacob
(författare)
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Encountering fish, flows, and waterscapes through angling
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 43:10, s. 2267-2284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the material intertwinings of fish and water. It discusses how thepresence of water and fish is simultaneously material and immaterial and examines how the processesand tensions between narratives of fish and water are caught up and inform human encounters withwaterscapes.In particular, the paper does three things: first, it highlights the tensions between theangling literature and the practices and performances of angling. Second, it examines how fishembody the material and imaginative aspects of waterscapes, highlighting how fish are shaped to fitin or adapt to `environmental quality' and human expectations. Third, it examines how water may bethought through as `fishy' as made animate by the creatures that dwell there.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Carse, Ashley, et al.
(författare)
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Toward a political ecology of infrastructure standards : Or, how to think about ships, waterways, sediment, and communities together
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 49:1, s. 9-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars have shown that technical standards play an important role in building global transportation and communication infrastructures, but the environmental standardization efforts associated with infrastructures have received far less attention. Combining scholarship from transportation geography, political ecology, and science and technology studies, we show how global connection is made, maintained, and contested through environmental management practices pegged to infrastructure standards. The Panama Canal expansion, completed in 2016, is a revealing illustration. The expansion has established the New Panamax shipping standard: the maximum allowable dimensions for vessels passing through the canal's massive new locks. The standard has become a benchmark for port modernization and channel deepening projects along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States and beyond. Because the maximum underwater depth, or draft, of ships transiting the new locks is much deeper than before (50 rather than 39.5 feet), geographically dispersed governments, firms, and port authorities have scrambled to reach that standard in hopes of attracting New Panamax ships and associated revenue streams. As this case shows, global transportation depends on the expensive, ecologically destabilizing, and often-contested practices of dredging and disposing of large volumes of sediment and organic matter. By showing how shipping networks and situated politics converge around infrastructure standards, we foreground the uneven environmental burdens and benefits of transportation.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ceccato, Vania, et al.
(författare)
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The geography of homicide in Sao Paulo, Brazil
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 39:7, s. 1632-1653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors investigate geographical patterns of homicide in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The geography of crime in developing world cities has been an underresearched area in part because of the lack of good-quality, geocoded offence data. In the case of Sao Paulo the availability of a new digital police dataset has provided the opportunity to improve our understanding of its crime patterns. The authors report the testing of hypotheses about the spatial variation in homicide rates. This variation is explained by poverty, situational conditions determined by differences in land use, and processes that indicate links with the geography of drug markets and the availability of firearms.
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| 22. |
- Chimenti, Gianluca, et al.
(författare)
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Mutable mobiles? Making space for an access-based car sharing market
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning A. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1472-3409 .- 0308-518X. ; 54:6, s. 1277-1296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How is space made to matter in contemporary access-based markets? Drawing on the geographies of marketization and constructivist market studies, we examine how space is framed as a relevant quality to take into account in market exchange and how that qualification process itself is spatially situated. We trace a failed attempt to create an access-based car market in Stockholm, involving parallel but poorly synchronized site-specific effects of marketization across public and private realms. Our findings show how DriveNow sought to render its envisioned market spatially homogenous and the spatial interdependencies between this envisioned market and other (market and nonmarket) uses of space. We highlight the performation struggles between such alternative but overlapping spatial demarcations in specific microgeographies and show how seemingly similar spatial imaginaries can be materialized in different ways in one spatial realm.
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| 23. |
- Chlebna, C., et al.
(författare)
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Grasping transformative regional development - Exploring intersections between industrial paths and sustainability transitions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning a-Economy and Space. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 55:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive perspective of transformative regional development is pertinent considering complex present and future challenges such as the climate crisis. Particularly in face of ecological boundaries which manifest themselves in limited resources and result in social disputes, a realistic grip on transformative regional development is of utmost importance. To advance this field, we propose a research agenda that draws on the debates on regional industrial path development and sustainability transitions. We define two core dimensions: interrelations between several industrial paths and interrelations between regions and between spatial scales. We argue that both dimensions need to be considered against ecological boundaries and as embedded in social dynamics. We combine specific questions on these interrelations into a research agenda.
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| 24. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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A tale of two inequalities : Housing-wealth inequality and tenure inequality
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 53:3, s. 573-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing significance of housing to wealth inequality in Western societies is now well recognised and widely debated. This paper argues that understanding of the nature and causes of this problem and discussions of potential approaches to addressing it through progressive policy responses are both hampered by adopting a partial perspective on the housing question. Focusing singularly on ownership – how it has been idealised and subsidised, how it might be democratised and so forth – has led to scholars and policymakers tending to neglect the other main tenure form, in strict relation with which ownership always exists both materially and discursively: rental. We can neither understand why and how today’s asset-based inequalities have materialised nor plot realistic and meaningful policy responses unless we conceptualise and approach ownership and rental relationally. Using the United Kingdom and Swedish cases as exemplars, and examining how relevant national policy realities and logics have been constructed over time, the paper further argues that the emergence of significant asset-based inequalities in recent decades is rooted in the policy-driven emergence of significant inequalities – ideological as much as economic – between tenure forms, whereby ownership has increasingly been privileged over rental. If Western societies are to have any credible prospect of reducing existing property asset-based inequalities, preventing those inequalities from being reproduced within younger generations and limiting the likelihood of the re-emergence of comparable inequalities in the future, (re)instituting principles and practices of tenure equality should be made a primary political and policy objective.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Christophers, Brett
(författare)
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Geographical knowledges and neoliberal tensions : compulsory land purchase in the context of contemporary urban redevelopment
- 2010
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 42:4, s. 856-873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The author examines the materialization of geographical knowledges in relation to the ongoing neoliberalization of urban space where the latter is based on processes of compulsory land purchase. The specific context for the study is two recently planned commercial redevelopments for the south London borough of Croydon in the United Kingdom, and the arguments mustered in support of these proposals. The author identifies and discusses three principal sets of geographical knowledges, which he examines under the headings symbolic, biopolitical, and scalar. In each case, he shows that the knowledges have strong modernist overtones. The paper seeks both to understand and contextualize these historical connections, and to consider the contemporary political work performed by the knowledges in question.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Christophers, Brett, et al.
(författare)
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Resisting devaluation : Foreclosure, eminent domain law, and the geographical political economy of risk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 48:3, s. 485-503
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines recent plans for US municipalities to use the state legal power of eminent domain to forcibly acquire underwater mortgages (i.e. those with negative equity), and to refinance them on terms more favorable to the homeowners in question, as a way of addressing in a socially progressive way the nation's ongoing foreclosure crisis. The article makes three main arguments. The first is that insofar as the plan threatens to disrupt prevailing norms of value distribution and risk bearing, it represents a fundamental challenge to the existing political economy of urban financial capitalism in the US and the law's mediation thereof. The second is that value, risk, and their mediation through law must be understood in the context of geographical unevenness and shifting scales of legal governance. The third is that the geographical political economy associated with the eminent domain plan is about discoursesof risk, of markets, and indeed of law per seno less than materialities; and that the two are indelibly linked, with discourses having material effects when, through law, they structure value and risk for the manifold actors who operate within the sphere of housing finance.
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| 32. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Stretching scales? : Risk and sociality in climate finance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 52:1, s. 88-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The heterodox literature on financial risk has in recent years focused predominantly on how risk is distributed, and on the market instabilities and social inequalities that different risk distributions seed. Typically much less discussed is the constitution of financial risk, which is this article's concern. Drawing empirical examples from two climate financial instruments, its particular interest is in the changing scale - social, spatial and temporal - of the "risk pools" associated with different financial products: the populations across which the products in question serve to aggregate underlying risk. The article explores how, against a historical backdrop of four decades of scale compression in the shape of risk individualization under neoliberalism, certain novel climate financial products seemingly indicate a contrary stretching of the risk pool. The article critically examines sovereign catastrophe insurance pools and green (climate) bonds, highlighting both the significance of the stretching that they effect but also the tensions and limits apparent in this emergent dynamic.
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| 33. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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The BBC, the creative class, and neoliberal urbanism in the north of England
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 40:10, s. 2313-2329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The author examines the BBC’s plans to move some of its key activities to Salford in the northwest of England. He develops a critique not so much of the plan to move, but of the specific proposals for that move (particularly as advanced by local parties in Salford) and of the economic-geographical claims assembled around them. To make these arguments, the author first identifies parallels between the proposals and Richard Florida’s ‘creative class’ formulations. He then draws on a range of critiques of the ‘creative class’ concept to contest the substance of the BBC-Salford plan—which, he argues, reproduces an entrenched neoliberal urban development agenda—and to question the premise that the move will create regional economic value more broadly. Framed against international research into creativity-led development agendas which has typically privileged metropolitan or regional actors, the author argues that, ultimately, the BBC’s proposals, while locally situated, are tightly bound up with national economics and politics.
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| 34. |
- Christophers, Brett, 1971-
(författare)
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The rentierization of the United Kingdom economy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 55:6, s. 1438-1470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a growing groundswell of opinion in commentary on the political economy of the Global North that the neoliberal era has seen the forceful (re)emergence of rentier capitalism. This article analyses the case of the UK. Identifying and delineating the predominant forms of contemporary rentierism operating in the UK, and using a range of datasets pertaining to the shape of the national economy, it shows that rentierism in its various guises is today a significant, even dominant, dynamic, in contrast to during the period preceding the neoliberal turn. The article further seeks to account for the ascendancy of the rentier in the UK under neoliberalism, highlighting key developments in the realms of monetary and fiscal policy and policies relating to asset ownership and property rights.
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| 35. |
- Cocola-Gant, Agustin, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term rentals as a new urban frontier - evidence from European cities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 53:7, s. 1601-1608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Papers in this special issue offer a wide range of political economy and sociological perspectives to explain the development and impacts of short-term rentals (STRs) in European cities. Empirically, they provide insights regarding STR providers, socio-spatial impacts, and regulation. Authors reveal the professionalization of the sector vis-a-vis the connection between STRs and the wider financialization of housing. STRs are predominantly supplied by professional property managers as well as by middle-class individuals for which renting on digital platforms is their main professional activity. Furthermore, the increasing professionalization of hosts and the intrinsic competition among them is largely stimulated by the business model of digital platforms which has progressively favoured professional operators. Understanding how STRs are shaped by platform capitalism helps to explain the socio-spatial impacts of this market as well as why current regulations have not mitigated such impacts. In terms of impacts, contributions to this special issue document processes of displacement, gentrification, and how the penetration of visitors in neighbourhoods is experienced by residents as a process of loss and dispossession. However, due to the lobbying campaigns of professional operators and industry players, regulation has led to the legitimization of this new market rather than to the limitation of the activity. Therefore, the special issue challenges the use of a 'sharing economy' and 'peer-to-peer platforms' as analytical categories, and, instead, provides evidence of why the STR market should be seen as part of the wider expansion of platform capitalism, consolidating the neoliberal and financialized urban paradigm.
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| 36. |
- Cohen, Scott A, et al.
(författare)
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A darker side of hypermobility.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environment & Planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 47:8, s. 1661-1679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the formulation of the mobilities paradigm, research has shown that movement is increasingly at the heart of our social identities. This paper argues that mobility, and indeed, hypermobility, constitutes to a growing extent who we are, whilst societal perspectives on mobility increasingly dictate how we need to move in time and space in order to accrue network capital. In this critical review, deeply embedded mechanisms of the social glamorization of mobility are uncovered, and juxtaposed with what we call a ‘darker side’ of hypermobility, including the physiological, psychological, emotional and social costs of mobility for individuals and societies. The paper concludes that whilst aspects of glamorization in regard to mobility are omnipresent in our lives, there exists an ominous silence with regard to its darker side.
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| 37. |
- Dixon, Adam D., et al.
(författare)
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Making space for the new state capitalism, part III : Thinking conjuncturally
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 55:5, s. 1207-1217
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The theme issue “Making Space for the New State Capitalism” brings together insights from critical economic geography and heterodox political economy through a series papers published in three installments, each accompanied with an introductory essay written by the guest editors. In this, the third of these introductory commentaries, we explore the challenges and opportunities associated with thinking conjuncturally, followed by a final collection of papers.
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| 38. |
- Elander, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Locality research and comparative analysis : the case of local housing policy in Sweden
- 1991
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 23:2, s. 179-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method is described to trace 'locality', or spatial variation in policy, through comparative analysis. It is argued that the problem of structure versus agency can never be solved once and for all by philosophical arguments, but always has to be rephrased into empirically manageable terms. This is possible through use of the 'most similar' approach of comparative anaysis. When external structural determinants of policy are kept under control, local variations can be traced back to locally specific determinants. These determinants must be examined in depth through case studies. This also paves the way for empirically based counterfactual reasoning. Thus, the extent to which local actors are not just forced by structural determinants to act in a certain way can be estimated. The general approach is illustrated by reference to a case study of local housing policies in Sweden. Some critical questions are raised. One must not forget that structures and actors, whether national or local, are inseperably bound up with processes, and that 'structures' are always just crystallised results of human action.
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| 39. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Agglomeration mobility: Effects of localisation, urbanisation, and scale on job changes
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Pion. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 40, s. 2419-2434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Following increased attention being paid to the importance of labour-market processes in relation to knowledge diffusion and learning, this study addresses the influence of agglomeration economies (localisation, urbanisation, and scale) on the propensity to change jobs between and within local labour markets. From the use of longitudinal individual data (1990 ^ 2002), controlling for factors such as age, sex, income, and social relations, the results show that the composition of regional economies influences labour-market dynamism. We identify two cases of intraregional agglomeration mobility, that is, positive effects on job mobility, due to the concentration of similar activities (localisation economies) and the size of the labour market (urbanisation economies). The results also show that localisation economies compensate for regional structural disadvantages connected to small population numbers, as localisation effects in small regions have a significantlypositive effect on intraregional job-mobility rates, even compared with localisation effects in large and diversified metropolitan areas. The results indicate that the concentration of similar activities may be useful for small regions, if high levels of job mobility are crucial for the transfer of knowledge and the performance of firms.
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| 40. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Industries, skills and human capital : how does regional size affect uneven development?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 45:3, s. 593-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses how the composition of industry structures, skills and human capital is related to regional development in peripheral and central locations. We do this by means of OLS models to analyse the relationship between purchase power growth and employment growth between 2001 and 2008 as well as a selection of variables constructed via register data of the total population in Sweden. The analysis demonstrates an evident spatial division of post-industrial development that larger regions benefit relatively more from than smaller regions do. The empirical findings indicate that a transition towards more knowledge intensive sectors and a higher educated labour force has the strongest impact on development in the largest Swedish regions, while a transition from manual skills towards more creative skills shows only a positive relationship with development in medium size regions. Consequently, the paper argues that the recent appraisal of the knowledge based economy mainly benefits the largest urban regions, meaning that regional size is an important parameter when discussing trajectories of regional development and the adaption to contemporary economic development paths.
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| 41. |
- Eriksson, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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Sectoral and geographical mobility of workers after large establishment cutbacks or closures
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 50:5, s. 1071-1091
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper studies redundant workers’ industrial and geographical mobility, and the consequences of post-redundancy mobility for regional policy strategies. This is accomplished by means of a database covering all workers who became redundant in major shutdowns or cutbacks in Sweden between 1990 and 2005. Frequencies of industrial and geographical mobility are described over time, and the influence of some important characteristics that make workers more likely to be subject to particular forms of mobilities are assessed. We find that re-employment rates vary extensively across industries and time. Whereas going back to the same or related industries is the most common re-employment strategy among workers who find a new job in the first year, workers who do not benefit from quick re-employment are increasingly squeezed out to new job fields and regions. Older workers and workers with high vested interest in their original industries usually employ a “same-industry/same-region” strategy. This most frequent, and perhaps often most attractive, same-industry strategy comes at a cost, however. Individuals who instead pursue other mobility strategies have a lower risk of suffering from another major redundancy in the future. Thus, in terms of regional policy, strategies promoting diversification to related industries after major redundancies seem to be much more important than trying to retain workers in their old industry. In this case the route via education (university or vocational training) is important, as it increases the likelihood of successfully changing industry at time of re-employment.
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| 42. |
- Ernstson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Weaving protective stories : connective practices to articulate holistic values in the Stockholm National Urban Park
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 41:6, s. 1460-1479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With rapid worldwide urbanization it is urgent that we understand processes leading to the protection of urban green areas and ecosystems. Although natural reserves are often seen as preserving 'higher valued' rather than 'lower valued' nature, it is more adequate to describe them as outcomes of selective social articulation processes. This is illustrated in the Stockholm National Urban Park. Despite strong exploitation pressure, a diverse urban movement of civil society organizations has managed to provide narratives able to explain and legitimize the need for protection-a 'protective story'. On the basis of qualitative data and building on theories of value articulation, social movements, and actor-networks, we show how activists, by interlacing artefacts and discourses from cultural history and conservation biology, managed to simultaneously link spatially separated green areas previously seen as disconnected, while also articulating the interrelatedness between the cultural and the natural history of the area. This connective practice constructed holistic values articulating a unified park, which heavily influenced the official framing of the park's values and which now help to explain the success of the movement. In contrast to historically top-down-led designation of natural reserves, we argue that the involvement of civil society in protecting nature (and culture) is on the rise. This nonetheless begs the question of who can participate in these value-creating processes, and we also strive to uncover constraining and facilitating factors for popular participation. Four such factors are suggested: (i) the number and type of artefacts linked to an area; (ii) the capabilities and numbers of activists involved; (iii) the access to social arenas; and (iv) the social network position of actors.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Florida, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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China’s Development Disconnect
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 44:3, s. 628-648
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China is currently seeking to transform its economic structure from a traditional industrial to a more innovative, human-capital driven, and knowledge-based economy. Our research examines the effects of three key factors on Chinese regional development in an attempt to gauge to what degree China has transformed from an industrial to a knowledge-based economy, based on higher levels of (1) technology and innovation, (2) human capital and knowledge/professional/creative occupations, and (3) factors like tolerance, universities, and amenities which act on the flow of the first two. We employ structural equation models to gauge the effects of these factors on the economic performance of Chinese regions. Our research generates four key findings. First, the distribution of talent (measured both as human capital and as knowledge – professional and creative occupations) is considerably more concentrated than in the US or other advanced economies. Second, universities are the key factor in shaping the distribution both of talent and of technological innovation. Third, tolerance also plays a role in shaping the distribution of talent and technology across Chinese regions. Fourth, and perhaps most strikingly, we find that neither talent nor technology is associated with the economic performance of Chinese regions. This stands in sharp contrast to the pattern in advanced economies and suggests that the Chinese economic model, at least at the time of data collection, appears to be far less driven by the human capital or technology factors that propel more advanced economies. This, in turn, suggests that China is likely to face substantial obstacles in moving from its current industrial stage of development to a more knowledge-based economy.
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| 45. |
- Florida, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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Power couples, cities, and wages
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 54:6, s. 1236-1255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power couples, defined as pairs of highly educated partners, tend to cluster in cities to take advantage of more developed labor markets, better jobs, and higher wages. This research examines to what extent being a partner in a power couple brings additional wage income benefits. We examine what the effects of power couple partnering is on wage income. Furthermore, we examine how the results are affected by gender and place of residence. To determine this, the research uses detailed Swedish micro data on power couples 23-39 years of age over the period 2007-2016. Our analysis finds positive and significant results from being in a power couple on wage income after controlling for individual, workplace, and geographical characteristics. This is the case for both men and women in power couple households without children, but for women only when children are present. For power couples in denser urban areas, we find a positive effect for men in power couples with or without children. We suggest this effect is due to a more equal "balance of power" between partners in highly educated power couples located in bigger cities, where norms and values may favor a relatively greater sharing of household duties between men and women, and where men face a different competitive situation in the labor market.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Fransson, Urban, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Leisure home ownership, access to nature, and health: a longitudinal study of urban residents in Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 41, s. 82-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can societies ensure urban residents' access to health-promoting green spaces while also pursuing the benefits of densification? Evidence of a relationship between leisure home ownership and health can inform efforts to resolve this dilemma. Using longitudinal register data, we assessed the prospective association between ownership of a leisure home and early retirement for health reasons among 42 588 adults residing in high-density Swedish urban municipalities. The research design included controls for ‘drift’ of unhealthy people into particular residential circum-stances, and other potential alternative explanations for the association of focal interest. After adjustment for age, socioeconomic position, and type of primary housing, logistic regression analysis revealed that men with a leisure home had lower odds of early retirement for health reasons than men who did not own a leisure home. Among women, leisure home ownership interacted with socioeconomic position; in contrast to nonowners, women who owned a leisure home had higher odds of early retirement for health reasons if they also had higher levels of education and employment income. The associations we have uncovered provide additional insight on the relationship between access to natural environments and health, and they warrant consideration in efforts to resolve the densification dilemma.
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| 48. |
- Gallemore, Caleb, et al.
(författare)
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The uneven geography of crowdfunding success: Spatial capital on Indiegogo
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning A. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 1472-3409 .- 0308-518X. ; 51:6, s. 1389-1406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimists contend that crowdfunding, in which project backers use online campaigns to assemble numerous small donations, can democratize access to finance, but there are legitimate concerns that this funding approach remains discriminatory. Drawing on recent readings emphasizing the geographic components of Bourdieu's field theory, we argue the relationship between crowdfunding teams' resources and crowdfunding success is mediated by spatial capital-the ability to draw capital from other social spaces due to geographic context. We use logistic regressions predicting success rates for 134,098 campaigns launched in the USA on the Indiegogo platform between 2009 and 2015, combined with other spatial data, to model the relationship between spatial capital and other success predictors. Our models suggest spatial context mediates the relationship between resources and success. Rural areas, in particular, have lower success rates than urban areas, and affluent areas have the highest success rates. Given that only around 10% of Indiegogo campaigns are fully funded, spatial inequalities place significant limits on who can benefit from crowdfunding campaigns, suggesting crowdfunding may not democratize access to finance, as optimists hope.
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| 49. |
- Gidwani, Vinay, et al.
(författare)
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Articulation work : Value chains of land assembly and real estate development on a peri-urban frontier
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - : Sage Publications. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 55:2, s. 407-427
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If the entanglements of real estate and finance capital are pivotal in ongoing urban transformations in cities of the global south, then a less visible but equally vital dimension is the process of land assembly on which residential and commercial real estate speculation and development are premised. This paper pries open the value chain of land assembly that underlies these transformations in a rapidly expanding peri-urban frontier of Bengaluru, India. Drawing on detailed interviews with land market intermediaries, operating across different scales, who were instrumental in assembling agricultural land for a large apartment complex, the paper shows how existing forms of social power and local knowledge are harnessed to create inter-scalar linkages that enable the creation and extraction of value in Indian real estate. It makes the case for understanding the economic and cultural work of intermediaries in animating land's value chain as ‘articulation work’. Finally, the paper assesses the varying forms and quantum of value that are generated and captured by different actors in the value chain, which stretches from the landowning farmer up to a major real estate company, to reflect on the micro-dynamics of speculative urbanism and agrarian urbanization.
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| 50. |
- Grange, Kristina, 1970
(författare)
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In Search of Radical Democracy: The Ideological Character of Current Political Advocacies for Culture Change in Planning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 1472-3409 .- 0308-518X. ; 46:11, s. 2670-2685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper argues that current attempts to situate the crisis in planning in demoralised or old planning cultures are playing a key role in strengthening the ideological commitment of planning to an advanced liberal social order. In order to provide planners with the means to understand some of the ideological mechanisms at work in such processes, the 2007 Danish structural reform and the parallel advocacy for culture change in planning are analysed. Drawing on post-Marxist theories of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, the analysis draws attention to the need for reflection on whether the current ideological commitment of planning is that which best serves a democratic society.
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