| 1. |
- Carlsson, Leo, et al.
(författare)
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Using interpretable machine learning to predict the electrical energy consumption of an electric arc furnace
- 2019
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - : Verlag Stahleisen GmbH. - 0340-4803. ; 139:9, s. 24-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates an Artificial Neural Network model, which is trained using historical data from an Electric Arc Furnace producing stainless steel to predict the end-point electrical energy demand of future heats. Due to the black-box behavior of Artificial Neural Networks, two machine learning interpretability algorithms, Permutation Importance and Shapley Additive Explanations, are used to reveal the influence of the input variables on the model predictions.
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| 2. |
- Fritz, Martin, 1937
(författare)
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World War I Sweden in World War I - Iron ore mining, iron and steel industry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen. - 0340-4803. ; 136:11, s. 160-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investments in iron ore mining and iron works as well as running business in this range of operations are long-term activities characterized by limited flexibility. This article therefore, as a background, starts with a description of the conditions before World War I for these very important trades in Swedish economy. This overview also provides an insight into the dimensions of the effects of World War I on a small neutral nation with long traditions within these industrial fields. How did these industries develop under the new conditions caused by the war?.
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| 3. |
- Georgeou, Zacharias, et al.
(författare)
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Metallurgical methods for the production of steels with high manganese contents [Metallurgische verfahren zur herstellung von stählen mit hohen mangangehalten]
- 2012
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - 0340-4803. ; 132:8, s. 29-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ferrous alloys using the TRIP and/or TWIP effect allow a combination of ultra-high strength and high ductility. The alloying concepts for theses steels are based on a manganese content between 12 and 25 % mass content. Other alloying components typically are aluminium and silicon. The presented research focusses on the assessment of economically viable process routes for the production of high manganese-content steel melts. Routes for mid- to long-term high production volume using iron-manganese-ores in a blast furnace or for direct reduction are presented. Being crucial for profitability different manganese sources and alloying concepts are discussed and evaluated under the aspect of tramp elements.
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| 4. |
- Grip, Carl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Exergy as a means for process integration in integrated steel plants and process industries
- 2009
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - 0340-4803. ; 129:9, s. 2-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exergy analysis can be a useful tool for process comparison and improvement in industrial energy systems. Examples from three branches are given: pulp and paper, bio refineries (ethanol) and steel production. The application and development of exergy analysis in an integrated steel plant is shown together with description and explanations on destroyed and lost exergy. Implementation for energy conservation and use as a pedagogic tool is discussed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hallberg, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Sulphur and hydrogen refining during vacuum degassing : a new concept for process control
- 2005
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - 0340-4803. ; 125:5, s. 39-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to discuss how a fundamental mathematical model for prediction of hydrogen and sulphur refining during vacuum degassing can be used to develop on-line process control models. It has first been shown how predictions of sulphur and hydrogen using fundamental mathematical models agree well with measured values from plant trials. These models and analytical equations have thereafter been used to predict hydrogen and sulphur refining for new heats. Here, it was shown that these analytical predictions give very similar results as the fundamental predictions. Thus, it is possible to use the analytical equations in production. It is also discussed how the analytical process models can be used both as on-line or off-line tools in industry.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lundberg, Sven-Erik
(författare)
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The "revenge" of the three-high rougher
- 2004
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - 0340-4803. ; 124:12, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface defects due to cooling the billet surface in the roll contact in the roughers is a problem in modern wire rod mills. The cooling reduces the ductility and gives rise to defects. Also the heating of the roll surface gives fire cracks in the rolls and bad surface of the rod. The defects can be avoided by making the roughing in reversing stands. For rolling 1 850 kg, 140 mm square billets, the capacity can be 62 to 134 t/h in two-high roughers, and 62 - 167 t/h in three-high roughers. By separating the rolling in an upper and a lower position the space for guides will be improved, and the barrel length can be reduced, giving better tolerances out of the stand. By replacing a worn-out middle roll and shifting the upper and lower rolls, four rolls only make up two roll sets.
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| 10. |
- Müller, Ulrich, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of final plate flatness by set-up coordination for subsequent manufacturing processes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - : Verlag Stahleisen GmbH. - 0340-4803. ; 134:5, s. 41-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this project was the development and implementation of the "Global Through-process Flatness Predictor and Coordinated Optimizer". This system should integrate all sub models including models of transfer conditions from process stage to process stage and perform a line-through process flatness prediction. However, analyses of the gained plate flatness in the various process routes showed that the reduction/evolution of flatness defects is nearly independent from the considered process route. Furthermore it has to be confirmed that flatness defects are not passed through the processing chain.
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| 11. |
- Rögener, F., et al.
(författare)
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Polymer corrosion in steel pickling lines - Reasons and approaches
- 2013
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - 0340-4803. ; 133:1, s. 65-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reliability of plant components made of polymers makes a significant contribution in the steel industry to the efficiency of pickling lines, as well as to occupational safety and environmental protection. Owing to their stability against the highly aggressive pickling acids, polymers have been employed successfully for decades as material for tanks, pipes, valves and acid regeneration technology. Most commonly plastics as well as composite materials are used. But, when in contact with pickling acids, even these supposedly acid-resistant materials show phenomena such as degradation, swelling, stress cracking or acid diffusion, which can be also called "Plastic corrosion". Therefore, there is a strong need in the steel industry for increased knowledge on the use of polymers in pickling plants.
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| 12. |
- Rögener, F., et al.
(författare)
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Polymer corrosion in steel pickling lines - Reasons and approaches [Kunststoffkorrosion in Beizlinien der stahlindustrie - Ursachen und Lösungsansätze]
- 2013
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - 0340-4803. ; 133:1, s. 65-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reliability of plant components made of polymers makes a significant contribution in the steel industry to the efficiency of pickling lines, as well as to occupational safety and environmental protection. Owing to their stability against the highly aggressive pickling acids, polymers have been employed successfully for decades as material for tanks, pipes, valves and acid regeneration technology. Most commonly plastics as well as composite materials are used. But, when in contact with pickling acids, even these supposedly acid-resistant materials show phenomena such as degradation, swelling, stress cracking or acid diffusion, which can be also called "Plastic corrosion". Therefore, there is a strong need in the steel industry for increased knowledge on the use of polymers in pickling plants.
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| 13. |
- Sundqvist Ökvist, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Low CO2 ironmaking in the blast furnace : Roheisenerzeugung im Hochofen mit niedrigen CO2 Emissionen
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - : Verlag Stahleisen. - 0340-4803. ; 137:9, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The steel industry contributes to the global emissions of fossil CO2 by ~ 7 %, mainly related to coal and coke used in the BF. At the same time the BF is, and will be in a foreseeable future, the most energy efficient method for ore based hot metal production. Several R&D teams have investigated concepts to minimise CO2 emission as e.g. the ULCOS top gas recycling BF, high injection of H2, use of bio-mass products and HBI. In this paper these different options, and in some cases combination of these are analysed relative the BF conditions and their possible impacts on fossil CO2 emission are compared.
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| 14. |
- Sundqvist Ökvist, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Low CO2 ironmaking in the blast furnace
- 2017
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Ingår i: Stahl und Eisen (1881). - : Verlag Stahleisen GmbH. - 0340-4803. ; 137:9, s. 29-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The steel industry contributes to the global emissions of fossil CO2 by around 7 %, mainly related to coal and coke used in the BF. At the same time the BF is, and will be in a foreseeable future, the most energy efficient method for ore based hot metal production. Several R&D teams have investigated concepts to minimize CO2 emission as e. g. the ULCOS top gas recycling BF, high injection of H2, use of bio-mass products and HBI. In this paper these different options, and in some cases combination of these are analyzed relative the BF conditions and their possible impacts on fossil CO2 emission are compared.
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