| 1. |
- Adolfsson, Per I., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of α2-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Pregnant Human Myometrium
- 1998
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 45:3, s. 145-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present investigation was to determine which subtypes of the α2-adrenoceptors are being expressed in the human pregnant myometrium at term pregnancy. In radioligand binding studies, the specific binding of [3H]rauwolscine to human myometrial membranes was specific and of high affinity with Kd of 2.8 ± 0.6 nM and Bmax of 95 ± 5 fmol/mg protein. Results from competition for the binding of [3H]rauwolscine using subtype-selective ligands, oxymetazoline (α2A-subptype), chlorpromazine (α2B-subtype) and prazosin (α2B-α2C-subtype), suggested that the α2A- and α2B-subtypes are being co-expressed. In order to examine if also the α2C-subtype is being expressed we used an optimal concentration of oxymetazoline or chlorpromazine which would block the high-affinity site, equivalent to the α2A- and α2B-subtype respectively. Competition curves of both oxymetazoline and chlorpromazine still showed a significantly better fit using a two-site model, suggesting that the α2C-subtype also is being expressed. The expression of α2C-subtype mRNA was confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on mRNA isolated from myometrial biopsies.In conclusion, our results suggest that all three subtypes of α2-adrenoceptors are being coexpressed in the human myometrium at term pregnancy and that α2-expression is dominated by the α2A-subtype.
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| 2. |
- Alehagen, Siw, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Can women's cognitive appraisals be registered throughout childbirth?
- 2000
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 49:1, s. 31-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were: (a) to examine whether it was possible to measure women’s cognitive appraisals hourly during the whole process of labor and delivery, and (b) to explore how the appraisals varied during labor. Measurements from 12 nulliparous women are presented. The findings indicate that it is possible to study psychological appraisals directly, in detail and continuously during the process of labor and delivery. The women’s cognitive appraisals varied throughout labor both per individual woman and between the participating women.
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| 3. |
- Andersgaard, Alice Beathe, et al.
(författare)
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Follow-Up Interviews after Eclampsia
- 2008
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 67:1, s. 49-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of persisting symptoms 6 months or more after eclampsia. Methods: During a 2-year period (mid-1998 to mid-2000), 210 patients with eclampsia were included in a prospective cohort study of eclampsia in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. One hundred and twenty-three women (59%) were followed up with a structured telephone interview, 6-24 months (median 11) after their eclamptic fit. Results: At the time of follow-up, 63 women (51%) had at least one persistent symptom; 2 patients had severe neurological sequels (hemiparesis and dysarthria), 11% had visual disturbances, 22% had problems concentrating or recalling phone numbers and messages, 18% reported frequent headaches and 10% had vertigo or balance problems. Conclusion: Although few women suffered from severe sequels, many women had persisting symptoms following eclampsia indicating a need for follow-up of these patients. A case-control study comparing the health and symptoms between women having suffered from eclampsia and women without this complication may therefore be justified. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bergqvist, A, et al.
(författare)
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Production of interleukins 1beta, 6 and 8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in separated and cultured endometrial and endometriotic stromal and epithelial cells
- 2000
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 50:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α was studied in short-time culture of separated stromal and epithelial cells. The cytokine secretion into culture medium was analyzed using immunoassay to evaluate the cytokine protein levels and bioassay to assess the bioactivity of the cytokines. Tissue samples of endometrium and ovarian endometriomas were obtained from 4 patients operated on for clinical reasons. Only IL-8 was found in all samples. IL-1β and TNF-α were detected in the culture medium from most stromal cell samples, but in fewer media from epithelial cell samples. IL-6 was measurable in a few medium samples. Few of the samples displayed a bioactivity. There was no obvious difference between endometrium and endometriotic cell samples besides the production of IL-8 that seems to be lower in endometriotic tissue.
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| 7. |
- Bischof, P., et al.
(författare)
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Implantation of the human embryo: Research lines and models
- 2006
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 62:4, s. 206-216
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infertility is an increasing problem all over the world, and it has been estimated that 10 - 15% of couples in fertile age have fertility problems. Likewise induced unsafe abortion is a serious threat to women's health. Despite advances made in assisted reproduction techniques, little progress has been made in increasing the success rate during fertility treatment. This document describes a wide range of projects carried out to increase the understanding in the field of embryo implantation research. The 'Fruitful' research network was created to encourage collaborations within the consortium and to describe our different research potentials to granting agencies or private sponsors. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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| 8. |
- Bischof, P, et al.
(författare)
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Implantation of the human embryo: research lines and models. From the implantation research network 'Fruitful'.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 62:4, s. 206-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infertility is an increasing problem all over the world, and it has been estimated that 10-15% of couples in fertile age have fertility problems. Likewise induced unsafe abortion is a serious threat to women's health. Despite advances made in assisted reproduction techniques, little progress has been made in increasing the success rate during fertility treatment. This document describes a wide range of projects carried out to increase the understanding in the field of embryo implantation research. The 'Fruitful' research network was created to encourage collaborations within the consortium and to describe our different research potentials to granting agencies or private sponsors.
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| 9. |
- Björck, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Fatal bleeding following delivery : a manifestation of the vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos' syndrome
- 2007
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 63:3, s. 173-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The vascular form of Ehlers-Danlos' syndrome (type IV) is a potentially lethal genetic condition because of rupture of major arteries, often in the peri-partum period. Case Report: We report a 31-year-old primipara who died from a rupture of the right subclavian artery. The patient had several symptoms and signs typical of the disease. The rupture occurred during the expulsion-phase of delivery but was recognized only on day 9. Conclusion: Early recognition is crucial to avoid maternal mortality due to this genetic disorder. Once the condition is suspected, the clinical diagnosis is straightforward.
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| 10. |
- Bohm-Starke, N, et al.
(författare)
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Increased intraepithelial innervation in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome
- 1998
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 46:4, s. 256-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS) suffer from severe pain and discomfort in the area around the introitus at almost any stimulus that causes pressure within the vestibule. In spite of the severe sensory symptoms present in these women, the influence of the peripheral nerves in the vulvar vestibulum has not been clarified before. In this study the nerve supply in the vestibular mucosa in women with VVS and in healthy women free from vulvar symptoms has been revealed by PGP 9.5 immunohistochemistry. The results show a significant increase in the number of intraepithelial nerve endings in women with VVS, indicating an alteration in the nerve supply in the afflicted area.
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| 11. |
- Bohm-Starke, N, et al.
(författare)
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Neurochemical characterization of the vestibular nerves in women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome
- 1999
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 48:4, s. 270-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Women with vulvar vestibulitis syndrome (VVS) have a distinct burning pain provoked by almost any stimuli in the area around the vaginal introitus. In a previous study we observed an increased number of intraepithelial free nerve endings in women with VVS. The aim of the present study was to neurochemically characterize the superficial nerves in the vulvar vestibular mucosa of women with VVS. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect neuropeptides normally found in various types of nerve fibers. Calcitonin gene-related peptide, which is known to exist in nociceptive afferent nerves, was the only neuropeptide detected in the superficial nerves of the vestibular mucosa. These findings confirm our previous theory that the free nerve endings within the epithelium are nociceptors.
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| 12. |
- Bourlev, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
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Different proliferative and apoptotic activity in peripheral versus central parts of human uterine leiomyomas
- 2003
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 55:4, s. 199-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To determine whether there are differences in proliferative and apoptotic activity and in expression of sex steroid receptors between central and peripheral parts of human uterine leiomyomas in different menstrual cycle phases.METHODS:Biopsy specimens of the myometrium and peripheral and central parts of uterine leiomyomas were obtained from 15 women in the proliferative phase and 8 women in the secretory phase. Mitotic cells were detected by immunohistochemical staining for Ki67. Apoptotic cells were detected by the TUNEL method. Mitotic and apoptotic indexes were calculated. Tissue levels of oestrogen and progesterone receptors were measured using a commercial monoclonal receptor enzyme immunoassay kit.RESULTS:During the secretory phase the mitotic index was significantly higher in the peripheral than in the central parts of the leiomyomas. During the proliferative phase the apoptotic index was significantly higher in the peripheral compared with the central parts. These differences were not reflected by differences in receptor expression.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study suggest that the growth of a human uterine leiomyoma mainly occurs in the peripheral parts of the tumour, during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. The findings emphasise the importance of being consistent when taking samples for research work.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Chua, S, et al.
(författare)
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Validation of a laboratory method of measuring postpartum blood loss
- 1998
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 46:1, s. 31-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory methods give more accurate measurement of blood loss in the postpartum period than visual estimation. In order to evaluate a laboratory method used to quantify blood loss postpartum, blood lost at gynecological operations was collected in a measuring bottle. The measured amount of blood (50–1,000 ml) was then poured onto absorbent paper towels and sanitary pads, in order to mimic conditions when measuring blood loss in clinical trials in the postpartum period. The amount of blood absorbed onto the absorbent paper and sanitary pads was measured by a rapid method of automatic extraction and photometric measurement of alkaline hematin. The study shows that the method provides a reliable and accurate means of measuring blood loss. The error in each case was less than 10% with an intraclass correlation coefficient of almost 1.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Darj, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Ki-67 Immunostaining of endometrial biopsies with special reference to hormone replacement therapy
- 1995
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 39:2, s. 120-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the Ki-67 immunostaining method on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrium and to use the method on endometrial biopsies from 30 postmenopausal women treated with 2 mg estradiol and different doses of natural micronized progesterone (50, 100 or 200 mg). METHODS: Two technicians prepared the immunostaining of slides from each of 12 endometrial specimens and 3 different observers estimated the Ki-67 immunostaining. One observer estimated all the slides 3 times on different occasions. The percentage of immunopositive nuclei in glandular epithelium was evaluated. RESULTS: The dominating component of variation for this method was between observers, with a median standard deviation of 20%. A total median variation including all components rendered a standard deviation of 23%. No significant effects of different technicians, preparations, or from the same observer on different occasions were found. In the major part of the biopsies from women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT), only 0-10% of the glandular epithelium was Ki-67 stained. CONCLUSION: Ki-67 immunostaining is an adequate technique to use when evaluating the effects of HRT on the endometrium. The main source of variation is between observers and not the technique of preparing the slides.
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| 17. |
- Darj, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasonographic blood flow measurement in the carotid arteries in postmenopausal women
- 1999
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 47:1, s. 20-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate blood flow in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) compared to controls. Blood flow was ultrasonographically measured in the great arteries of the neck instead of in the vessels of the internal genital organs. METHODS: Fifty healthy women with climacteric complaints, at least 6 months postmenopausal, participated in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups. One group received 2 mg estradiol (E2) for 12 days, continued with 2 mg E2 and 1 mg norethisterone acetate for 10 days, followed by 1 mg E2 for 6 days, cyclically during 6 months. The other group received placebo tablets the first 3 months and the same HRT as the first group for the last 3 months. Blood flow was measured ultrasonographically by color flow pulsed Doppler in the common (CCA), internal (ICA) and external (ECA) carotid arteries, before the start of the study, after 3 and 6 months of therapy. RESULTS: CCA and ICA, both low resistance vessels, and ECA, a high resistance vessel, and their waveforms were identified. Pulsatility index did not decrease statistically significant (p > 0.05) in any of the great vessels during 6 months of HRT in this study. There were no differences in blood flow between the HRT-treated group compared to control group during 3 months of therapy, except for the right ECA (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The difference in blood flow and wave-forms of the major arteries of the neck were clearly shown, but HRT did not have any important impact on the blood flow in this study. No difference was shown concerning blood flow between the two groups of postmenopausal women, on active therapy or placebo.
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| 18. |
- Ejegard, H, et al.
(författare)
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Sexuality after delivery with episiotomy: a long-term follow-up
- 2008
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 66:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Aim:</i> To investigate the quality of women’s sex life 12–18 months after first, episiotomy-assisted childbirth and risk factors for long-term dyspareunia after childbirth. <i>Methods:</i> Two hundred and six women who gave birth vaginally at the Karolinska University Hospital between September 1997 and February 1998 and from June 1998 to January 1999 received postal questionnaires at 12–18 months postpartum. Obstetrical, psychological and sexological data, concerning 110 primiparae who underwent episiotomy and 153 age-matched women who did not, were compared. Possible risk factors for postpartum dyspareunia were investigated in the entire sample. <i>Results:</i> Women who underwent episiotomy experienced a more complicated and emotionally difficult delivery. They reported a higher frequency of dyspareunia and insufficient lubrication than women who had given birth without episiotomy. Arousal, orgasm and satisfaction with sex were not affected. Episiotomy, perineal lacerations, fundal pressure at delivery and a history of dyspareunia were independent risk factors for dyspareunia 12–18 months postpartum. <i>Conclusion:</i> Episiotomy may affect women’s sex life during the second year post partum with more frequent pain and vaginal dryness at intercourse. Other obstetrical factors and pain history may also influence the propensity for dyspareunia.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Grundström, Hanna, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Healthcare Consumption and Cost Estimates Concerning Swedish Women with Endometriosis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : KARGER. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 85:3, s. 237-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction:Endometriosis is known for its substantial effect on women's wellbeing and quality of life. In order to evaluate disease burden, treatments and health services, assessments of healthcare consumption and cost estimates are necessary.Objectives:The aim of this study was to estimate healthcare consumption and annual cost per woman with endometriosis in Sweden and to examine healthcare consumption and costs in different age groups.Methods:A questionnaire was distributed to 400 members of the Endometriosis Association and to 400 randomly selected women with surgically confirmed endometriosis. Official statistics were obtained via correspondence, publications, and database searches.Results:Analysis of the 431 returned questionnaires showed that women under 30 years utilized more inpatient and outpatient care than older women. The mean annual cost among all women was EUR 8,768/woman. The direct healthcare cost of managing the disease was EUR 4,282, while the indirect cost was EUR 4,486. Absence from work was reported by 32% of the women, while 36% reported reduced time at work because of endometriosis.Conclusion:Our results confirm the substantial negative effect of endometriosis upon women's lives and their relatively high healthcare consumption.
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| 23. |
- Grundström, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version of ENDOCARE : An Instrument to Measure Patient Centeredness of Endometriosis Care
- 2021
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 86:3, s. 283-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The need for quality improvement within endometriosis healthcare is widely acknowledged. The ENDOCARE questionnaire (ECQ) measures patient centeredness of endometriosis care. The aims of this study were (1) to translate and culturally adapt ECQ into Swedish, (2) to evaluate validity (construct validity), and (3) to measure reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability).Design: This is a cross-sectional randomized study.Participants, Setting, and Methods: ECQ was first translated according to a well-established guideline and was thereafter sent to 500 randomly selected women with endometriosis, who had visited participating clinics during the past 3 years. The first 150 women who returned their questionnaires were immediately sent the same questionnaire again. The ECQ consists of 3 parts. The first part contains demographic and clinical questions, while part II has 38 items that are answered according to 2 aspects: percentage of negative experience of care and mean personal importance. A patient-centeredness score (PCS) is calculated based on these 2 aspects. The items are also divided into 10 dimensions of care. Part III is a grading of overall experience and an open-ended question on any missing aspect in the questionnaire.Results: A total of 187 native Swedish-speaking women participated. Data completeness was high (>90%). The overall PCS median was 3.5. The highest median PCS was found in the dimension regarding endometriosis clinic staff and the lowest in emotional support and alleviation of fear and anxiety and the involvement of significant others. Factor analysis could roughly confirm 2 of the 10 dimensions. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for PCS ranged from 0.35 to 0.73. The test-rest analysis showed acceptable reliability.Limitations: The most important limitation was the relatively low participation rate and the risk of recall bias. It is likely that women gave their answers based on their most recent experiences.Conclusions: Overall, our results indicate that the Swedish version of the ECQ is a usable instrument to measure patient centeredness in endometriosis care, but due to the unstable factor analysis, conclusions based on the dimensions should be made with caution.
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| 24. |
- Grunewald, C, et al.
(författare)
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Exhaled oral and nasal nitric oxide during L-arginine infusion in preeclampsia
- 1998
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 46:4, s. 232-237
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b>Objective: </b>To determine the effects of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor <i>L</i>-arginine on the airway NO concentration in patients with preeclampsia. <b>Methods:</b> NO was measured by a noninvasive chemiluminescence technique in air sampled directly from nasal and oral cavities during expiration before and during <i>L</i>-arginine infusion in 9 preeclamptic and 10 control pregnancies. Maternal blood pressure and heart rate were simultaneously recorded, and blood was sampled for analyses of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and nitrate. <b>Results: </b>Basal nasal and orally exhaled NO and the increment in nasal NO concentration during <i>L</i>-arginine infusion were similar in both groups. Basal plasma and platelet cGMP concentrations were similar in both groups. Following <i>L</i>-arginine infusion, plasma cGMP levels were significantly higher in preeclamptics (p < 0.01), while platelet cGMP was unaffected in both groups. Basal plasma nitrate was significantly higher in preeclamptics (p < 0.01), and this difference was not altered following infusion. Blood pressure and heart rate remained unaffected by the procedure in both groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Blood pressure did not decrease in the preeclamptics following <i>L</i>-arginine infusion, despite a significant increase in nasal NO sampled during breathhold and a concomitant increase in plasma cGMP, possibly reflecting an endogenous NO production. These results do not support the idea of a generalized decrease in NO production being a major cause of hypertension in preeclampsia.
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| 25. |
- Guan, YM, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor beta-1 on the release of fibrinolytic factors from cultured endometrial and ovarian endometriotic stromal cells
- 2003
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 55:1, s. 7-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated whether there are any differences in the release of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its inhibitor (PAI-1) from cultured endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells, and whether the release is regulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). The cells were isolated from endometriomas and endometrium from women with and without endometriosis. After treatment with EGF or TGF and in untreated controls, incubated media collected at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h were analyzed by ELISA. Stromal cells from all three types of tissues released uPA and PAI-1, but the soluble receptor of uPA was not measurable in any group. The basal release of uPA and PAI-1 from endometriotic cells was higher than from endometrial cells. The uPA release in endometriotic cells was reduced with and without the addition of EGF (p < 0.05) or TGFβ1 (p < 0.05). EGF increased the release of PAI-1 from stromal cells from women without endometriosis (p < 0.05) but decreased the release of PAI-1 from stromal cells from endometriotic women (p < 0.05). TGFβ1 increased the release of PAI-1 from endometriotic cells (p < 0.05) but had no effect in endometrial cells.
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| 26. |
- Gumus, Hatice Gulcin, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound-Guided Intrauterine Labeling of Rat Fetuses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To compare intra-amniotic versus fetal subcutaneous injections for selective fetal labeling in multifetal rat pregnancies. Methods: A total of 14 pregnant rats were randomized to receive intra-amniotic injections of dyes (including Fluorescein, Indigo Carmine, or Evans Blue) or fetal subcutaneous injections (of commercial tattoo ink) both guided by ultrasound at 15-17 days of gestation. Survival, injection, and labeling success rates of both techniques were compared. Results: Survival rates (84.4% for intra-amniotic injections vs. 90.9% for fetal subcutaneous injections) and injection success rates (94% for intra-amniotic injections vs. 100% for fetal subcutaneous injections) were similar among both groups. None of the neonates from the intra-amniotic injections group were labeled at birth, while 93% of the neonates from fetal subcutaneous injections group were tagged, showing a visible spot in the skin at birth. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ultrasound-guided fetal subcutaneous injections might be an adequate strategy for selectively labeling fetuses in multifetal pregnant animals.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Henriksson, GB, et al.
(författare)
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Women endurance runners with menstrual dysfunction have prolonged interruption of training due to injury
- 2000
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 49:1, s. 41-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strenuous exercise by women is associated with menstrual dysfunction, eating disorders and osteoporosis. Intensive training may also increase the susceptibility to infections. In this study, we investigated whether menstrual dysfunction was related to musculoskeletal injuries and/or upper respiratory tract infections in women middle/long-distance runners. A questionnaire was mailed to 127 Swedish female runners of whom 75% answered. This retrospective study showed a higher frequency of menstrual disorders (25%) in runners than in the general population. Furthermore, almost half of the athletes (46%) were classified as at risk of developing eating disorders. Women athletes with menstrual dysfunction were found to have had a longer interruption of training due to musculoskeletal injuries than those with regular cycles (34.1 ± 3.0 vs. 9.0 ± 9.4 days, p < 0.05). However, no relation was found between susceptibility to infections and menstrual status.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Högberg, U, et al.
(författare)
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Prolonged labour attributed to large fetus.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 49:3, s. 160-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to assess the interactive dynamics of power, passenger and passage in relation to an adverse course of labour. The design was a community-based follow-up of all women with singleton pregnancies experiencing spontaneous term labour. Median of first stage was 2.6 h for multiparas and 3.7 h for primiparas. Median of second stage was 20 min for multiparas and 91 min for primiparas. Heavy birth weight significantly influenced a prolonged late first stage OR 6.6 (CI 2.1-21) and second stage of labour OR 4. 5 (CI 1.5-14) among primiparas. The attributable proportions of heavy birth weight for prolonged labour were 19-21%. Large paediatric head circumference showed a positive correlation to prolonged late first stage OR 3.2 (CI 1.2-9) and intervention OR 7.2 (CI 1.8-35), with an attributable proportion of 22%. For multiparas no significant association were found. To conclude, this study indicates that heavy birth weight and large head circumference contribute to 1/5th of the prolongation of labour and interventions among primiparas.
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| 32. |
- Jarnbert, A, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative study of cervical laminar tents prior to extra-amniotic injection of ethacridine lactate (Rivanol) and a condom-nelathon catheter method for second-trimester pregnancy interruption in Vietnam
- 1999
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 48:2, s. 113-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Objective:</i> To determine whether the regimen for termination of second-trimester pregnancies using laminaria tents 12–24 h prior to extra-amniotic ethacridine lactate (Rivanol) instillation, is more effective in shortening the insertion-expulsion interval than the presently used method of abortion induction by a condom/Nelathon catheter. <i>Design:</i> A prospective randomised comparative study was performed at Uong Bi General Hospital in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, on 91 women undergoing pregnancy termination in the second trimester. <i>Interventions:</i> The subjects were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups, receiving either the Nelathon catheter-condom method (n = 50) or by insertion of a laminaria tent into the cervical canal for preinduction, 13–29 h before extra-amniotic instillation of ethacridine lactate (n = 34). Seven subjects were not pretreated with the laminaria tent. <i>Main Outcome Measures:</i> The insertion-expulsion intervals and the incidence of side effects were assessed. <i>Results:</i> The mean insertion-expulsion interval in the 2 groups was not significantly different (mean 27.5 ± 16.1 and 26.4 ± 16.4 h, respectively), calculating the insertion-expulsion interval from the start of active treatment, i.e. from the instillation of Rivanol or insertion of the Nelathon catheter and condom, until expulsion of the fetus. <i>Conclusions:</i> The laminaria-Rivanol method for pregnancy interruption is not more advantageous than the existing Nelathon catheter-condom method. Simple, successful and cost-effective methods in achieving second-trimester abortion in the Vietnamese context have therefore to be identified and tested.
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| 33. |
- Kaliner, Helena Kopp, et al.
(författare)
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Urodynamics as a Prognosticator of Mirabegron Treatment Outcomes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : KARGER. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 84:5, s. 472-476
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To determine if findings at urodynamics prognosticate improvements in overactive bladder symptoms among women receiving mirabegron treatment.Methods: Before treatment, women completed a urodynamic investigation, a micturition diary and the Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) with the irritative subscale UDIOAB. After 6 months mirabegron treatment, patients were clinically evaluated and completed the UDI. Associations were tested using regression analyses and nonparametric statistics.Results: Testing urodynamic variables for association with treatment effects in multiple linear regression analysis showed that lower volumes at first sensation to void significantly correlated with greater improvement in the UDIOAB after 6 months mirabegron treatment (B = 0.026, 95% CI 0.002-0.049, p = 0.034). Improvements in UDIOAB showed no correlation with presence of nocturia (p = 0.65), previous use of anticholinergics (p = 1), menopausal status (p = 1), any detrusor overactivity during filling (p = 1), phasic detrusor contractions during filling (p = 1), or detrusor overactivity during inhibition (p = 1).Conclusions: We found limited support for clinically relevant associations between findings at urodynamics and subsequent treatment outcomes for mirabegron in routine clinical practice. Our findings do not support the role of these investigations as predictors of outcomes in patients with overactive bladder symptoms.
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| 34. |
- Karlsson, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors mediating circular smooth muscle contraction in the human umbilical artery
- 1999
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 47:2, s. 102-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study was performed to characterize pharmacologically the contractile 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors in the circular smooth muscle of the isolated human umbilical artery. Effects of agonists and antagonists for different 5-HT receptor subtypes were studied in intact endothelium vessel segments. All agonists induced concentration-dependent circular smooth muscle contractions. The potency was in declining order 5-HT > alpha-methyl-5-HT > sumatriptan >/= 2-methyl-5-HT. The effects of 5-HT and alpha-methyl-5-HT were antagonized by ketanserin, as well as methiothepin. The contractile effect of sumatriptan was antagonized by methiothepin but not by ketanserin. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, MDL 72222, did not affect the contraction by any of the agonists, including 2-methyl-5-HT. It is concluded that the 5-HT-induced contraction in the circular smooth muscle of the human umbilical artery seems to be mediated by a mixed population of 5-HT1-like receptors and 5-HT2 receptors.
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| 35. |
- Kristensen, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Serum Amyloid A Protein and C-Reactive Protein in Normal Pregnancy and Preeclampsia.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 67:4, s. 275-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To study plasma levels of serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia and non-pregnant women. Plasma levels of haptoglobin, orosomucoid and ceruloplasmin were also analyzed. Methods: The study included 295 women with uncomplicated pregnancies, 57 women diagnosed with preeclampsia, and 58 healthy non-pregnant women. Plasma concentrations of acute phase proteins were analyzed by particle-enhanced immunoassays. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to test differences between the groups. Results: Plasma levels of C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin were increased in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia compared to non-pregnant women. Plasma levels of serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein were not elevated in women with preeclampsia compared to women with normal pregnancy. Conclusion: The description of preeclampsia as a systemic inflammatory state was not reflected in the plasma levels of serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein.
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| 36. |
- Krotkiewski, Marcin, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of two modes of antiandrogen treatment on insulin sensitivity and serum leptin in women with PCOS.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 55:2, s. 88-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Androgens are suggested to interact with leptin production and with insulin sensitivity in both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity. The aim of the study was to follow these interactions along with two forms of antiandrogen treatment. Twenty women with PCOS were treated with ethinylestradiol and high dose of cyproteroneacetate (EE-CA) and 8 with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue goserelin for 6 months. The patients were divided into a low and a high body weight group and compared with a group of overweight women without PCOS. Both treatments resulted in a significant reduction of free testosterone but the concentration of leptin remained unchanged. EECA treatment resulted in deterioration and GnRH in improvement of insulin sensitivity. Serum leptin correlated only with body weight and body fat. It is concluded that leptin levels do not adequately reflect changes in insulin sensitivity or androgen levels after short-term antiandrogen or antigonadotropin treatment.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Kwak, YK, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence of Lactobacilli in Postmenopausal Women - A Double-Blind, Randomized, Pilot Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 82:2, s. 144-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Aim:</i></b> To investigate the ability of lactobacilli to persist in the genital area (vagina and labia) of women after the topical application of an ointment containing <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> LN40, <i>L. fermentum</i> LN99 and <i>L. rhamnosus</i> LN113. Secondary objectives were to study the presence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and other contaminants, as well as subjective symptoms in the genital tract. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eighteen healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to use either the study product or placebo for 10 days. Gynecological examinations, labial and vaginal samplings for bacterial cultivation were performed at baseline (visit 1), after treatment (visit 2), and at a 10-day follow-up (visit 3). LN strains were identified by specific cultivation methods. Subjective symptoms were evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The presence of LN99 was shown in 7 out of 8 women in the investigational group at visit 2 (p < 0.001 compared to placebo) and in 5 out of 8 at visit 3 (p < 0.05), whereas the presence of LN113 was shown in 2 out of 8 at visit 2 and in 1 out of 8 at visit 3. Subjective symptoms were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) at visits 2 and 3 for both products. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Topical application of a probiotic ointment is feasible to achieve persistence of lactobacilli for at least 10 days.
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| 39. |
- Larsson, P G, et al.
(författare)
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Advantage or disadvantage of episiotomy compared with spontaneous perineal laceration.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 31:4, s. 213-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a prospective clinical investigation of 2,144 deliveries, we elucidate the indications for episiotomy and how different methods of anesthesia affect the frequency of episiotomy and the perineal problems after episiotomy compared with those after spontaneous perineal laceration. We found a significantly higher infection rate (p less than 0.001) and a longer healing period in the episiotomy group. These differences remain even if only primigravida or the indication, imminent perineal laceration, is studied. The results indicate that many women will unnecessarily suffer after an episiotomy. The patient's subjective problems are significantly increased, both immediately and at the 3-month postoperative follow-up.
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| 40. |
- Nisell, H, et al.
(författare)
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Is carbohydrate metabolism altered among women who have undergone a preeclamptic pregnancy?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 48:4, s. 241-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Objective:</i> To compare women after a preeclamptic pregnancy with women after a normal pregnancy with respect to androgenic-anabolic status and carbohydrate and lipid profiles. <i>Method:</i> Twenty-one patients and 22 controls were followed up to 26–119 weeks after delivery. Blood was sampled for analyses of insulin, glucose, insulin growth factor-1, lipids, androgens, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and uric acid. Anthropometric data and blood pressure were recorded. Data are presented as median and ranges (within parentheses) or mean ± SEM where appropriate. Comparisons were made by unpaired t test or Mann-Whitney U test, respectively. <i>Results:</i> Significantly higher values were found in the preeclampsia than in the control group for fasting insulin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI, fasting glucose × fasting insulin/25), serum triglycerides, uric acid and blood pressure. There were no differences in androgen status and IGF-1 levels. <i>Conclusion:</i> Patients with a recent history of preeclampsia demonstrate signs of relative insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia as well as increased blood pressure as compared with women who had a normal pregnancy. However, in contrast to other women with insulin resistance, they have a normal androgen status.
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| 41. |
- Olovsson, Matts, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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Human uterine myocytes retain their energy charge with No gross alterations in morphology for at least 8 days when cultured under anaerobic conditions
- 2000
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 49:3, s. 165-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:To investigate the ability of human uterine myocytes to grow under anaerobic conditions for a prolonged time period.METHODS:Cells were isolated from fundal myometrium and cultured until subconfluency. The cell type was confirmed by immunostaining for the smooth muscle cell-specific cytoskeletal proteins alpha-actin and desmin. Some cells were further cultured under aerobic conditions and others under anaerobic conditions. Cells were harvested after 0, 4 and 8 days in culture and analyzed for their content of adenylates.RESULTS:Immunostaining revealed that all three preparations contained almost only smooth muscle cells. Energy charge of the myocytes was 0.88 on average at the beginning of the culture experiment. A moderate decrease was noted on day 4 for myocytes grown under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and no further decrease was noted between days 4 and 8. Morphologically the cells retained their normal appearance and they seemed healthy for at least 8 days in culture under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study suggest that human myometrial cells can survive for an extended period of time under in vitro conditions regardless of oxygen availability for energy metabolism. This means that anaerobic energy metabolism is enough to sustain vital processes during that period of time.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Sparre, LS, et al.
(författare)
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Ovarian ultrasound and ovarian and adrenal hormones before and after treatment for hyperthyroidism
- 2002
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 54:1, s. 50-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <i>Objective:</i> To relate thyroid, steroid and pituitary hormones to ovarian ultrasonographic findings in hyperthyroid patients before and during treatment. <i>Study Design:</i> Ultrasonography of the ovaries and serum hormone determination by immunoassay were performed before and during thiamazole therapy in 18 women of fertile age treated for hyperthyroidism at the Danderyd Hospital from 1996 to 1998. <i>Results:</i> When hyperthyreotic, the patients had elevated serum levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and subnormal values of cortisol, free testosterone (fT) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). In the euthyreotic state following treatment, endocrine variables were normalized. Patients with a short duration of the disease had higher pretreatment levels of free thyroxine (fT4), SHBG and testosterone and lower corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) and cortisol levels compared to patients with a long duration of the disease. The pretreatment ultrasonographic picture was abnormal in 16 of 18 patients. Of the 8 patients who were examined by ultrasonography after 3 months of treatment, all but 1 showed a normal picture. Samples from patients showing an abnormal ultrasonographic picture had significantly higher fT4 and lower free testosterone (fT) values than samples from patients with a normal ultrasonographic picture. <i>Conclusion:</i> Ultrasonographic findings showing a multicystic/multifollicular picture, resembling polycystic ovaries (PCO), in hyperthyroidism may be related to direct effects of thyroid hormones on the ovaries and/or altered intraovarian androgen environment due to elevated SHBG levels. It is highly recommended to assess the thyroid status in patients with multicystic/multifollicular ovaries/PCO.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Spetz, Anna-Clara, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Calcitonin gene-related peptide during sweating in young healthy women
- 2005
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 60:3, s. 149-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentrations are increased in postmenopausal women and castrated men with symptomatic flushing. We wanted to determine if a CGRP increase exists in the plasma of healthy fertile-age women during sweating. Plasma concentrations of CGRP were measured by radioimmunoassay at maximal sweating during a sauna session and during bicycle exercise both at maximal and 70% of maximal work capacity in 8 healthy women of fertile age. Plasma concentrations of CGRP were unaffected (>90% statistical power) during both experimental sessions. We suggest that sweating itself does not expiai n the rise in CGRP concentrations observed in flushing postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2005 S. Karger AG.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Terenius, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects on the Mode of Action of Antiestrogens and Antiprogestogens
- 1972
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 3:1-4, s. 96-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most so-called antiestrogens are ‘estrogenic’ in the mouse uterine growth test and in the Allen-Doisy test (in mice or rats). With regard to their uterotrophic effects, they were classified as giving normal (cis- and trans-clomiphene, ICI-46,474 and U-11,555A); impeded (estriol, DMS and ent-estradiol); partial (U-11100A and CN- 55,945) or practically no response (MER-25). A similar classification was obtained in a modified Allen-Doisy test in mice. As antiestrogens, the impeded estrogens are fairly inactive, while compounds such as U-11100A, CN-55,945 and MER-25 are more effective. This difference could be traced back to differences in interaction with estradiol-17β at the uterine level: the impeded estrogens have rather high affinities for estrogen receptors but are easily lost to the circulation while the other compounds have lower affinities but still remain on the receptors for a longer period of time. Compounds U-11,555A, U-11100A, MER-25, ICI-46,474 and 66/179 produced an estrogen-like ultrastructural picture of the luminal epithelium of the rat uterus. However, when given before a standard dose of estradiol-17β to a progesterone-treated rat, all except U-11,555A, which was inactive, were antiestrogenic, i. e., inhibited the so-called attachment reaction which is believed to be a prerequisite for implantation of the ovum. Two compounds, R2323 and 66/179 which have been described as antiprogestational, could not selectively counteract the effects of progesterone on rat uterine epithelial ultrastructure. Closer analysis of the ultrastructural effects of MER-25 revealed that at doses which are negative in conventional tests for estrogenicity the whole uterus looked atrophic except the uterine luminal epithelium which showed marked estrogen-like stimulation.
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| 49. |
- Thomassen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Breast-feeding, pain and infection
- 1998
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and obstetric investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-7346 .- 1423-002X. ; 46:2, s. 73-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A syndrome of deep pain in the breast during and immediately after lactation has been ascribed to an infection with <i>Candida albicans</i>. A series of 20 patients with deep pain, another 20 with superficial infection and 20 healthy women were compared with respect to the growth of bacteria and fungi. <i>C. albicans</i> was found twice as often in the milk of women with superficial lesions compared to those with deep pain. Bacteria were often found on the nipple and in the milk of those complaining of deep pain. Thus, <i>if</i> the deep pain syndrome is caused by microbes, this study points to a pathogenic role of bacteria rather than fungi.
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| 50. |
- Valentin, Lil, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a vasopressin antagonist in women with dysmenorrhea
- 2000
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Ingår i: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. - : S. Karger AG. - 1423-002X .- 0378-7346. ; 50:3, s. 170-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compared menstrual pain, uterine contractility and blood circulation, and plasma concentrations of vasopressin and prostaglandin F(2alpha) metabolite in women with versus without primary dysmenorrhea, and determined the effects of a vasopressin antagonist, 1-deamino-2-D-Tyr(OEt)-4-Thr-8-Orn-oxytocin (Atosiban), on these parameters. Our results do not support the contention that vasopressin is involved in the etiology of dysmenorrhea, plasma concentrations of vasopressin being similar in dysmenorrheic women and controls, and the vasopressin antagonist Atosiban having no effect on menstrual pain, intrauterine pressure or uterine artery pulsatility index in dysmenorrheic women.
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