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| 4. |
- Ahrén, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Signals adapting the beta cells to changes in insulin sensitivity
- 2003
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Ingår i: The metabolic syndrome: diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Proceedings of the 8th European Symposium on Metabolism. - 0531-5131. ; 1253, s. 105-113
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin sensitivity and secretion are related in a curvilinear inverse asymptotic function. However, the signaling factors mediating this relation are not known. In this study, we explored whether circulating glucose, lipids or two adipocyte-derived hormones, leptin and adiponectin, are related to the curvilinear function between insulin sensitivity and secretion in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Thereby, insulin secretion (2-5-min insulin response to intravenous arginine) and insulin sensitivity (euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp) were established in 68 healthy women, aged 61 years. We confirmed the curvilinear relation between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion (r = -0.71, P < 0.001). To quantify the ability of the beta cells to secrete insulin for balancing a change in insulin sensitivity, we introduce the beta cell compensation index (BCI) by dividing insulin secretion by insulin sensitivity. This index correlated significantly with circulating triglycerides, leptin and adiponectin as well as BMI, but not fasting or 2-h glucose. A multivariate stepwise regression analysis using these variables as independent variables and lg BCI as the dependent variable revealed that leptin (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) and adiponectin (r = -0.33, P = 0.008) independently contributed to lg BCI (R-2 of the model = 0.19m, P = 0.038). The study, therefore, suggests that adipocyte-derived hormones contribute to the beta cell compensation to insulin resistance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Nilsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial stress and male gonadal function
- 2002
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Ingår i: Midlife Health- Current Concepts and Challenges for the Future. - 0531-5131. - 9780444507075 ; 1229, s. 41533-41533
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normal ageing in men is associated with a physiological decline in testosterone levels, but adverse environmental or psychosocial factors may also impair testosterone secretion and cause secondary biological changes. In a number of observational or experimental studies in both animals and man, it has been possible to study the influences on gonadal function of stressful life situations. To understand the dynamics of testosterone, it is also useful to apply a perspective from evolutionary medicine. This review will focus on stress, testosterone and biological changes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Salford, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Search for effective therapy against glioblastoma multiforme - Clinical immunisation with autologous glioma cells transduced with the human interferon-gamma gene
- 2002
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Ingår i: Developments in Neuroscience. Proceedings of the 2nd International Mt Bandai Symposium for Neuroscience 2001. - 0531-5131. ; 1247, s. 211-220
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based upon earlier experimental work by our group, we have started a human immuno-gene therapy study. The goal is to study the effects of immunisation with autologous tumour cells expressing gene sequences for human interferon-gamma For more than two decades we have sought for efficient treatment against malignant gliomas. Our most successful treatment in the animal models is immuno-gene therapy where murine genes for the cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-7 and B7-1 were chosen for their ability to stimulate different stages of the pathway for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation. Rats of the syngeneic inbred strain Fischer 344 had rat glioma cells of the N32 line inoculated in the right caudate nucleus, and 1 or 3 days later N32 cells transfected with either IFN-gamma, IL-7 or B7-1 genes were injected subcutaneously (and in some studies intraperitoneally). This treatment was repeated three to four times with 7- to 14-day interval and resulted in significantly improved survival compared with treatment with wild-type rat glioma cells (e.g. not transfected with the cytokine genes). The continued work concentrated on treatment with IFN-gamma secreting tumour cells of both the N32 line and also a newly developed ENU-induced rat glioma cell line called N29. This work proved the effectiveness of the technique. Cure was achieved in 72% of the animals treated with the IFN-gamma cells. Tumour-infiltrating leukocytes from N32-IFN-gamma-immunised animals showed a significantly stronger infiltration by CD8+ T-cells, significantly more NK cells, and an increased number of CD25-expressing T-cells. These results confirmed the possible usefulness of IFN-gamma-transfected tumour cells in the immune-therapy of rat brain tumours. The animal experiments have motivated us to start a human immuno-gene therapy study including 20 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), where >80% of the tumour can be surgically removed. The goal is to ascertain whether immunisation with autologous tumour cells expressing gene sequences for human interferon-gamma is safe for the patients, gives rise to an immunological response, and adds any beneficial effect to conventional therapy (tumour growth, prolonged survival). Hitherto, nine patients have been included in the study, two of which have received 6 and 10 immunisations, respectively. Two patients have died from their disease before cells have been ready for immunisation; in two cases no malignant cells have appeared in the cell cultures and three patients are ready to start their immunisation shortly. The immunisation takes place in the dermis of the upper arm. Seven days after each immunisation, a skin biopsy is taken from the centre of one of the injection sites. The composition of the cellular infiltration in the skin is studied by markers for T lymphocytes (CD3); helper cells, subset of T cells (CD4); killer cells, subset of T cells (CD8); natural killer cells (CD16) and B lymphocytes, B cells (CD20). Also the expression of cytokines for functional T cell subsets are studied: IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha and IF-gamma and TGF-beta(1,2 and 3-) Peripheral blood is sampled both before and after operation and also after each immunisation event. Co-culture of this blood with tumour cells from the patient allows for a selection of T-cells that can recognise tumour-specific antigens. The results from the first human treatments are presented. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 7. |
- Uloza, Virgilijus, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish-Lithuanian telemedicine Litmed project in otolaryngology
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Congress Series. - 0531-5131. ; 1240, s. 1407-1410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Telemedicine is becoming a reality as a result of improvements in technology and telecommunications. The task of the otolaryngological part of the pilot international telemedicine Litmed project was devoted to the establishment of telemedicine training and demonstration facilities in cooperation between the Departments of Otolaryngology of the Kaunas University of Medicine (Lithuania) and the Lund University (Sweden). The main areas of action of the Litmed project in otolaryngology were: (1) remote rehabilitation of cochlear implant (CI) patients, and (2) phonosurgery and phoniatrics. The main results of the project were as follows: (a) establishment of telemedicine environment for remote on-line collaboration and planned off-line collaboration by use of recorded video laryngostroboscopic images, voice samples, and graphical and computed tomography (CT) data; (b) possibility to carry through telemedicine sessions for pedagogical and speech training support and for cooperative work of speech therapists from Lund and Kaunas with CI patients; (c) remote consultations and discussion of challenging laryngeal cases; and (d) establishment of a technical environment and practical routines for on-line consultations during laryngeal surgery at the Departments of Otolaryngology of Kaunas and Lund. The Litmed project served to assist medical education and research. Tele-otolaryngology helps to keep constant professional contacts with the specialists from abroad and supports an establishment of a center of reference in tele-otolaryngology in Lithuania.
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| 8. |
- Adolfsson, Lars
(författare)
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Open vs. arthroscopic synovectomy of the wrist
- 2006
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Ingår i: Excerpta Medica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5131 .- 1873-6157. ; 1295, s. 56-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synovectomy may be considered for the treatment of chronic wrist arthritis. The indications for wrist synovectomy are, however, not clearly defined. Open synovectomy has been reported to provide good pain relief for a relatively long time but can be associated with loss of mobility. Arthroscopic synovectomy seems equally reliable in terms of symptom reduction and no adverse effects have been reported. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Christer
(författare)
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Acupuncture mechanisms for clinical long-term effects, a hypothesis
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acupuncture: Is There a Physiological Basis?. - 0531-5131. - 9780444508881 ; 1238, s. 31-47
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In our clinical research, we have drawn the conclusion that meaningful long-term (> 6 months) pain relieving effects can be seen in a proportion of patients suffering from nociceptive pain. What are the mechanisms behind this? From the existing experimental data, some important conclusions can be drawn: A significant proportion of the animal research only represents short-term hypoalgesia probably induced by the mechanisms behind stress-induced analgesia (SIA) and the activation of diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC). Almost all experimental acupuncture research has been performed with electroacupuncture (EA) in spite of the fact that therapeutic acupuncture (TA) is mostly gentle manual acupuncture (MA). Most of the experimental human acupuncture pain threshold (PT) research shows only fast and very short-term hypoalgesia, and, very important, PT elevations in humans does not predict clinical outcome. On the basis of these differences, the effects of acupuncture may be divided into two main components-acupuncture analgesia (AA) and therapeutic acupuncture. A hypothesis on the mechanisms of therapeutic acupuncture will include: Peripheral events that might improve tissue healing effects and local pain relief, ErrorSpinal mechanisms, ErrorSupraspinal mechanisms of anti-stress nature, Cortical, psychological, "placebo" mechanisms. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Hagberg, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Ageing as a result of the psychophysiological interaction during the life-span? A theoretical model
- 2002
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Ingår i: Psycho-neuro-endocrino-immunology (PNEI): a common language for the whole human body : proceedings of the 16th World Congress on Psychosomatic Medicine. - 0531-5131. - 9780444509895 ; 1241, s. 207-213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The variations in functional capacity, life quality and health increase as people grow older. Most likely, this is the result of a lifelong process in which both "wear-and-tear" and constructive development play a major role. Life experiences all the way from daily hazards to burdensome life events, to long-term exposure, to stress and strain might wear out the body. Life experiences of self-fulfillment, self-realization, sense of coherence, social support and life-span quality might, on the other hand, promote the constructive development toward successful ageing. The dynamic balance between those processes over the lifetime are assumed to explain the variations in functional capacity in old age. The physiological expressions of those experiences are found in the concept, allostatic load, which refers to the toll exacted on the body through attempts to adapt. The mechanisms tying the experience to the ageing processes are thought to be psychoneuroendocrinological reactivity, primarily in the HPA-axis system. The psychophysiological models suggested here would state that the higher the allostatic load, presently and during the life span, the more likely there will be a reduction in functional capacity in old age, accelerating the ageing process to a state of premature ageing. Retrospective life-span research on autobiographic recapitulation, coping and reminiscing of Ericksonian stage solutions seems to support such a model. Personality factors, genetic or acquired vulnerability for pathogenic factors and sensitivity for salutogenic factors seem to have a modifying or predisposing role. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Magnelind, Per, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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HTS SQUID measurements of evoked magnetic fields from transverse hippocampal slices : New Frontiers in Biomagnetism. Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Biomagnetism, Vancouver, BC, Canada, August 21-25, 2006
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Congress Series, New Frontiers in Biomagnetism. - : Elsevier BV. ; 1300, s. 578-581
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a high-transition-temperature superconducting quantum interference device system aimed at neuromagnetic measurements of evoked fields from in vitro brain slices. Recordings from transverse hippocampal slices from rat have been performed and they showed neuromagnetic fields of ∼ 5 pT
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| 12. |
- Magnelind, Per, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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HTS SQUID measurements of evoked magnetic fields from transverse hippocampal slices
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Congress Series, New Frontiers in Biomagnetism. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5131. ; 1300, s. 578-581
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed a high-transition-temperature superconducting quantum interference device system aimed at neuromagnetic measurements of evoked fields from in vitro brain slices. Recordings from transverse hippocampal slices from rat have been performed and they showed neuromagnetic fields of ∼ 5 pT
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| 13. |
- Nilsson, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitive forensic analysis using the Pyrosequencing technology
- 2006
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Ingår i: Progress in Forensic Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. ; :1288, s. 625-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In forensic casework analysis, rapid and flexible systems for detection of variation found in nuclear or mitochondrial genomes are valuable. We have developed several different typing systems based on the Pyrosequencing technology to allow sensitive analysis of mtDNA as well as autosomal and Y-chromosome SNPs or STRs in short amplicons.
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| 14. |
- Styrman, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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STR sequence variants revealed by Pyrosequencing technology
- 2006
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Ingår i: Excerpta Medica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0531-5131 .- 1873-6157. ; :1288, s. 669-671
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyrosequencing is a fast, real-time, non-electrophoretic sequencing-by-synthesis method that can be used to genotype short tandem repeat (STRs) markers. In this study, a total of 18 Y-chromosome and autosomal STRs have been successfully analyzed using Pyrosequencing technology. Several sequence variants were detected, demonstrating that additional information besides the fragment length can be provided in a forensic DNA investigation by these assays.
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