| 1. |
- Abouhatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of import demand for Egyptian potatoes in Germany and the United Kingdom
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1132, s. 39-48
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Union (EU) is the major import market for Egyptian fresh potatoes. Germany and the United Kingdom (UK) jointly imported about 44% of Egyptian potato exports to the EU during the period 1994-2012. This study sought to identify the determinants of import demand for Egyptian potatoes in these two countries. A general differentiated demand system approach was used to estimate conditional potato import demand per country. For each country, it was assumed that the system of conditional import demand equations for potatoes is specified according to the sources of origin and also depends on all imported potato prices and total import potato expenditure. When estimated econometrically, this import demand model allows conditional price and expenditure elasticities to be derived. The econometric results indicated that with an estimated elasticity of 1.95, Egyptian potato exports responded significantly to total expenditure on imported potatoes by Germany. On the other hand, Egyptian potato exports to Germany did not exhibit significant price responses. In all cases but one, estimated conditional uncompensated price elasticities were not statistically different from zero. However, more interesting results were obtained concerning the price responses of Egyptian potato exports to the UK, whereby the conditional (uncompensated) direct elasticity of potato imports from Egypt to the UK (-0.71) showed an inelastic response to its own price. Furthermore, Egyptian potato exports seemed to compete on the UK market with potatoes originating from Israel and France, while they displayed complementarity with Dutch imports.
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| 2. |
- Abouhatab, Assem, et al.
(författare)
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Exchange rate uncertainty and Egyptian exports of horticultural commodities into the EU
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1258, s. 11-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the impact of exchange rate volatility on Egyptian exports of fresh fruit and vegetables (FFVs) to their major importing markets in the EU. Using quarterly data covering the period 1994-2016, we examine the determinants of Egypt’s exports of FFVs to the EU, and then derive the long-term effects of exchange rate volatility on the FFV exports. The empirical results show that exchange rate volatility has a long-run significant effect on Egypt’s FFV exports to the EU. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of exchange rate volatility in understanding the behavior of Egyptian exports of FFVs to the EU. Thus, the design and implementation of exchange rate policies and export promotion programs in Egypt should take into consideration the stability and level of the real exchange rate.
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| 3. |
- Ahmadi Afzadi, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Genetics of resistance to blue mould in apple: inoculation-based screening, transcriptomics and biochemistry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1127, s. 55-60
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blue mould caused by Penicillium expansum is a major contributor to loss of marketable fruit during storage. Damage is also aggravated by the prohibition of postharvest fungicides in many countries, and in organic production everywhere. Robust data on levels of resistance to this disease are crucial for further research and for breeding of improved cultivars. Inoculation of fruit with fungal spores and estimation of the diameter of resulting lesions after cold storage demonstrated significant variation among cultivars. In addition, cultivars with high firmness at harvest and little softening, i.e., loss of firmness during storage, had less susceptibility, as also did late-ripening cultivars. In another part of the study, a possible association between lesion diameter and chemical contents in fruit flesh and fruit peel of 23 cultivars was investigated. Content of different quercetins and procyanidin B2 was positively associated with the level of tolerance. Samples taken after inoculation showed stronger association with the chemical contents than did samples of control fruit, suggesting that disease development had triggered a defence reaction. In a third part of the study, gene regulation in apple fruit after inoculation was evaluated in two relatively resistant and two relatively susceptible cultivars using an AryANE chip covering 60K apple transcripts. Validation of the most highly up-and down-regulated genes was undertaken using qPCR. Some genes related to disease resistance, biosynthesis of flavonoids and to cell-wall structure were identified as most likely to be responsible for differences in susceptibility to blue mould. These results will be used to search for candidate genes that can be used in marker-assisted selection in apple breeding.
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| 4. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
-
An updated glossary of terms and basic characteristics of growing media
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1377, s. 925-934
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the research community of growing media, there is an increasing confusion related to inappropriate use of terms, and to a lack of description of minimal chemical, physical, biological characteristics of growing media and their components for adequate data interpretation in scientific publications. A survey was conducted between the summer of 2019 and the autumn of 2020 among growing media scientists worldwide to help addressing these two issues and published later as a basic framework (Caron and Zheng, 2021). In 2022, a workshop was organized to update terms and definitions and report further progress with respect to terms and basic characteristics. This paper summarizes the improvement of the glossary suggested by Caron and Zheng (2021).
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| 5. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Concept based mapping as a tool to disentangle biological properties and interactivities in research on growing media and hydroponics
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 163-174
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cascading use of valorized constituents from societal side-streams in growing media (GM), but also the reuse of growing media, has brought increased attention to their biological properties and processes. These processes are complex, dynamic and interconnected. They are a result of the origin and treatment in previous steps of the cascading use as well as in the re-use. Furthermore, they are affected by physical and chemical characteristics in the GM and in the environment that they are exposed to. Thus, the complexity of factors and events shapes the outcome of research studies as well as product development and the manner how such outcome may be interpreted and how manufacturing processes and product quality can be standardized. In addition, the recent development of high-throughput methods for culture independent description of microbial community composition, gathering a copious volume of data, increases the level of complexity even more. To draw clear-cut conclusions on biological characteristics, processes and dynamics in GM, this complex picture needs to be disentangled, a process that already has to be in place at the early step of the study, process or product design. Based on three examples, we describe the power of conceptbased mapping to disentangle biological properties and interactivities in research and product development of GM and hydroponics and show its potential for big data analysis and modeling.
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| 6. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Decontamination of Irrigation Water under Field Conditions: Preliminary Results
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 922, s. 61-66
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outbreaks of foodborne diseases (Norovirus, Salmonella spp., verotoxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp.) related to fruit and vegetable have increased worldwide. Microbial hazards cause considerable and in some cases life-long suffering. Contamination may occur during the entire farm-to-fork continuum with irrigation water as one of the major vehicles for contamination. Therefore, the potential of photocatalytic oxidation water treatment (POWT) to improve inferior irrigation water quality was studied. A prototype of a photocatalytic unit was installed on an irrigation ramp at a commercial field site growing leafy vegetables. Water samples were collected at five distinct sites within the water pipe namely from (i) the irrigation pond, (ii) after coarse filtration, (iii) at the beginning of the field water pipe as well as (iv) before and (v) after treatment using photocatalysis at three occasions with three independent replicates at each event. The water samples were analyzed with respect to indicator organisms for water quality (heterotrophic microorganisms at 22 degrees C, total coliform bacteria, thermotolerant coliform bacteria, E. coli, intestinal enterococci, Salmonella spp.). After the photocatalytic treatment, the number of indicator organisms in the irrigation water decreased with respect to all monitored organisms. This was also observed for Salmonella spp. which was detected at a couple of incidents at the sampling sites prior to the photocatalytic unit. Indicator organisms in the treated water at the irrigation ramp were beyond the thresholds stipulated by guidelines for irrigation water quality in examples such as British Columbia in Canada and Germany.
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| 7. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Degradation of Pesticides in Nutrient Solution from Closed Hydroponic Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1034, s. 33-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To protect aquatic systems in the Baltic Sea area, zero eutrophication has been proclaimed as one of the Swedish environmental goals. Closed hydroponic systems are generally used today to meet standards on reduced release of excess nutrient-rich drainage water from horticulture. In recent years, concerns have been expressed about emissions of plant protection products (PPP) from indoor cultivation systems to aquatic environments in the vicinity of commercial greenhouses. Some of the active ingredient in pesticides applied to the crop can end up in the nutrient solution (i) after canopy application, through plant run-off and infiltration through the growing medium or into collecting gutters, or (ii) after direct administration to the nutrient solution. This study monitored the concentrations of three PPP (fenhexamid, FEX; pyrimethanil, PYR; imidacloprid, IMI) on six occasions over 21 days in colonised nutrient solution obtained from a closed cropping system for greenhouse tomatoes and incubated at 20°C in darkness. The experiment with FEX (added at 0.01 times the recommended spray concentration) was conducted as a full-scale experiment with six replicates and examined the dynamics of microbiota associated with the nutrient solu¬tion. Monitoring of PYR and IMI (added at 0.01 and 1 times the recommended spray concentration, respectively) comprised chemical analysis of the compound in single samples on six sampling occasions. The results indicate that all three PPP persisted for 21 days in the microbe-colonised nutrient solution under the experimental conditions used.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
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GREENRESILIENT – Applying agroecology to organic greenhouse production
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1296, s. 1099-1105
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Some organic greenhouse production systems are very intensive with potentially negative effects on the public trust on organic products as a whole. In this context, the year-round production of high quality and tasty vegetables in unheated and low-energy greenhouses or polytunnels, using resilient, sustainable and local systems, is a challenge, especially in areas with long winters and low light, low temperature conditions. The CORE Organic Cofund transnational project titled “Organic and biodynamic vegetable production in low-energy GREENhouses – sustainable, RESILIENT and innovative food production systems” (GREENRESILIENT) has taken up the challenge and aims to demonstrate that an agroecological approach to greenhouse production is feasible and allows the establishment of robust agroecosystems in different European areas. The use of agroecological practices in organic greenhouse production systems is an innovative approach and a team of scientists with multidisciplinary competences (agronomy, agroecology, soil chemistry, entomology, plant pathology, weed science, life cycle analysis) from 12 research centres in eight European countries are involved. Research activities are carried out in five experimental sites (two in Mediterranean countries and three in central and northern countries), comparing innovative systems in unheated or frost protected conditions to a standard organic system specific for each experimental site. Results obtained will be used for actors’ involvement (farmers, consumers and policy makers) and sustainability assessment.
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| 10. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated greenhouse production in new light: prospects on improved LED-assisted biocontrol of foliar diseases
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 293-296
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Horticultural greenhouse production in circumpolar regions (>60°N latitude) is dependent of artificial assimilation lighting, which is a common tool to improve plant performance and consequently profitability of ornamental crops and to secure production of greenhouse vegetables and berries all year round. The anticipated light technology shift in the greenhouse industry not only affects crop growth and development but also quality of the produce. It also influences the interactions with the associated microbiota, i.e., community structure and function as well as establishment, dispersal, survival and propagation of microbial pathogens and biocontrol agents. We present a novel ecological theory and principle based approach for integrated production of greenhouse crops, using improved LED-assisted biocontrol of foliar diseases.
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| 11. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiological Aspects on Irrigation Water Quality to Field Grown Vegetables
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 852, s. 53-60
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food safety is an increasing problem in relation to vegetables, regarding both ready-to-eat produces, such as leafy salad, spinach and fruit as well as frozen produces that have not been exposed to pasteurization prior to freezing. Contamination may occur during the entire production chain. However, in connection with invasive enteric pathogens, slurry, farmyard manure, sewage sludge and irrigation water have been highlighted as potential sources for pathogen dispersal. Especially, the dispersal of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. is a considerable threat. An increasing number of outbreaks have been reported. To prevent the spread of invasive enteric bacteria by irrigation water, water sources, such as well water as well as community potable water have been proposed. The present paper describes pathogens of significance that may be spread by irrigation water supplied to field vegetables and presents some recent results on survival of human pathogens in water, soil and on vegetables. The current status of standards for microbiological quality of irrigation water to fresh or minimally processed fruit and vegetables is discussed.
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| 12. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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New challenges for organic greenhouse horticulture in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 1079-1084
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish consumers buy increasing amounts of organic food. Also, the Swedish Government aspires to increase food sovereignty and volume of organic food stuff in public meals from 36 (2017) to 60% in 2030. There is a substantial mismatch between demand and the production of organic vegetables. Today, 4.9% of the total greenhouse area in Sweden is used for organic production. The majority of organic production of greenhouse vegetables in Sweden is performed in containers and confined beds. The approval of the revised European regulation for organic farming in 2018 reinforces production in natural soil, leads to dramatic changes for organic greenhouse horticulture in Sweden. Confined beds need to be phased out. Cultivation methods that conserve or increase organic matter in the soil should be used. Thus, soil bound systems using crop rotations and soil fertility maintaining activities need to be implemented. This corroborates with increased burden of soil borne diseases and lower yields. Such systems, well established in southern Europe, cannot be translated to northern European conditions, due to constraints in climate and day length, as well as constraints due to greenhouse construction (permanent construction). This presentation displays the challenges and consequences to meet the changed legislation.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Preharvest Measures for Increased Biosafety of Field Grown Crops
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 922, s. 269-276
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outbreaks of foodborne diseases (Norovirus, Salmonella spp., verotoxin producing E. coli, Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp.) related to fruit and vegetable consumption have increased worldwide. Contamination may occur at any point during the entire farm-to-fork continuum with irrigation water and organic manure as major routes for contamination. Microbial related sickness causes considerable and in some cases life-long suffering and death as well as substantial economic losses. In this study we focused on irrigation water quality from surface water sources. The study was divided into three parts (i) monitoring of the hygienic status of five surface water sources in Southern Sweden, (ii) selection of indicator organisms for an irrigation water quality criteria and (iii) improvement of surface water with inferior microbial quality. Water samples were collected in both a long-and short-term study and analyzed with respect to process indicators and indicators for short term and long term fecal contamination as well as enteric pathogens. Considerable variation occurred between and within sampling incidents and between categories of surface water sources, with lake and creek water as the most hazardous sources. Salmonella spp. was identified repeatedly in four of five surface water sources. Due to high similarity, E. coli may serve as a sole parameter for short term contamination. This together with the analysis of intestinal enterococci and Salmonella spp., should be integrated in a future risk assessment of surface water. Photocatalytic water treatment reduced the number of all indicator organisms and therefore appears to be a potential tool to improve surface water of inferior quality.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects of dialogue-inspired methods as tools for knowledge transfer : Technology for sustainable horticulture meets experiential knowledge communities
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - : International Society for Horticultural Science. - 9789066054486 ; 832, s. 27-31
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horticultural production systems have a large environmental impact. Legislation, ordinances and quality assurance systems provide guidelines for implementing sustainable production technologies in horticulture at a higher level. Horticultural research has compiled solutions to improve sustainable production. Despite of regulations, hands-on information, solid scientific data on sustainable strategies for horticulture and a general environmental awareness, there is reluctance in considering sustainable technology and reorganizing horticultural production lines. Knowledge within commercial horticulture is situated knowledge; this means experience consolidated within the branch is a precondition for application. However, knowledge on sustainable technology follows the tradition of natural sciences and technology. Another crucial aspect concerns the path from understanding sustainable technology to putting it into action. Reflection on reflection in action as an activity aims at producing a good verbal description of reflection in action, which can be shared with other people. While reflection in or on action is primarily private the notion of reflection on reflection in action is tied to the fact that learning and experience exchange are social activities that proceed in different communities of practice. Dialogue-inspired methods may act as a tool. In the present paper we discuss the dialogue seminar and Socratic dialog methods to bridge the gap between scientific and technological progress in horticulture and horticultural practice to be employed in horticultural extension.
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| 17. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Greenhouse Systems - the Potential of Microorganisms
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 155-167
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the high input of means of production and productivity, environmental issues have been highlighted in horticulture for some years. They concern the impact of horticultural production systems on the environment in a narrow (i.e., occupational, crop) and broader (CO2 emission, nutrient leakage, chemical pollution) sense. In all production systems, multiple plant-microbial interactions occur. The resident microflora may be plant growth-enhancing, -neutral or -deleterious. Also microorganisms hazardous to the consumer may occur. To create sustainable horticultural cropping systems, irrespectively of the type of production management (organic or conventional/integrated production), microorganisms can enhance productivity by improved nutrient availability and crop health if their demands are optimized. Stimulatory growth responses encompass direct (i.e., production of plant hormones) or indirect (i.e., formation of compounds antagonizing plant pathogens, induced resistance) effects. Early reports indicate at the stimulatory effect of microorganisms on crop development (emergence, time of blossom) and yield. Their effect could be optimized when added as multiple strain treatments. In this context, organic carbon availability is an important factor. Organic compounds in sustainable greenhouse systems initially received negative attention as they were suspected as the causal agent for phytotoxic plant response. However, various recent studies could show the potential of microorganisms to degrade organic compounds in the nutrient solution of sustainable greenhouse cropping systems and consortia of efficient degraders of specific phenolic compounds were found to provoke higher biomass production in the presence of the phenolic compound. Other investigations indicate that the quality and quantity of organic compounds available is crucial for microbial metabolite production and thus level of growth promotion or antagonism. By habitat management, the preconditions for metabolite formation and crop response by introduced microorganisms or the indigenous microflora may be optimized. However, key mechanisms have to be identified in order to provoke the consistent formation of the appropriate metabolite at relevant sites within the growing system. Microbial markers may be used in order to predict the health status in closed cropping systems and to time microbial management in the cropping system.
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| 18. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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The Closed System Tool Box
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 1133-1137
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- "Zero eutrophication" is one of the Swedish environmental goals in order to preserve the Baltic Sea area. Minimizing the release of nutrient enriched drainage water from greenhouse operations is one important action in this context; among these, closed growing systems are an internationally recognized way for minimized environmental impact. Greenhouse vegetables are the most nutrient intensive crops. Although most of these operations are situated in the environmentally most vulnerable areas in Southern Sweden, only about 25% of the tomato and almost none of the cucumber production have adopted this environmentally sound practice. Implementation of closed rowing systems inhabits obvious savings with respect to water and fertilizer costs. Growers explain their reluctance to use environmentally sound production technology by the risk for dissemination of root borne plant pathogens and the potential enrichment of organic compounds. These aspects have been studied scientifically in Sweden during the last 1.5 decades and key growers have been involved in a demonstration project to show the potential of this production technology. These actions have not reduced the barrier to invest. Therefore a closed system tool box has been extracted in collaboration between university staff and extension service for individual advice on a farm base. It is a three step approach towards use of closed systems, consisting of a general demonstration of choice of cropping technology, which actions have to be taken in order to be able to close the nutrient circuit in the growing system, risk assessment for dissemination of root born diseases and their prevention as well as crop individual management advices with respect to both plant disease and fertilization strategies.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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The search for alternative growing media constituents fuels the need for terms and definitions for biological characteristics of growing media and gold standard methods
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1377, s. 935-939
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growing media are commonly evaluated with respect to their physical and chemical properties and some standard methods were established during the 1990s (CEN methods). Biological characterization of growing media has not received the same attention over the years. Currently, there is a search for alternative growing media constituents to replace peat. A cascading use of valorized material from societal side streams is considered. This development engages expertise from various disciplines who often neither own a common terminology for biological factors and processes in growing media, nor a common set of methods to describe them. This hampers the comparability between various studies as well as properties and qualities of different products. This opinion note highlights factors to be considered for biological characterization of growing media and sets up a disposition for the establishment of a common terminology.
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| 21. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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The two sides of the coin: sustainability and controlled environment horticulture
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 427-438
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability, although already outlined in the late 1980s, has evolved into a game changer in the discourse of production systems. This review puts a finger on the pulse of horticultural research with respect to i) the 17 UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) and identifies areas (targets) directly or indirectly providing benefits and trade-offs based on scrutiny of 169 targets and to ii) grouping outputs of a systematic literature search with respect to basic sustainability and resilience criteria. Direct and indirect benefits of the SDGs to horticulture were identified within SDG 2 (Zero hunger), 3 (Health and wellbeing), 4 (Quality education), 6 (Clean water and sanitation), 7 (Clean energy) and 9 (Innovation, infrastructure and industry), whereas SDGs that benefit from horticulture within the SDGs 2, 4, 6, 9, 12 (Responsible consumption and production) and 13 (Climate action). 104 publications were extracted and 53 of these were found eligible for the systematic literature analysis based on the criteria for exclusion and inclusion. Few publications considered the concept of resilience, in terms of absorbance, recovery and adaptation to disturbances. Meanwhile, the majority of publications focused on sustainability, but rather referred to the term than integrated sustainability as a concept. Studies involving life cycle analysis highlight the strong energy dependence of high-tech horticulture, underlining the interactivities with SDG7. Fine-tuning of input means and measures were prioritized to the detriment of holistic approaches. The shift in the global challenges framework requests a shift in perspective of horticulture research. To holistically focus on the food system-horticulture-SDG link, an agenda for research on high-tech horticulture was established. Current pandemic and geopolitical disturbances urge for a stronger engagement of resilience research in horticulture.
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| 22. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix
(författare)
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Vision of COST BioGreenhouse
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1164, s. 1-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Good food is the basis of a healthy, active life. Horticulture provides fresh commodities rich in minerals, fibres and bioactive compounds, and thereby contributes to a healthy diet. Integrated and organic horticultural production, either indoors or outdoors, contribute to food provisioning. For food and nutrition security, food must be: 1) present in sufficient quantities, 2) physically, economically and socially accessible and affordable, 3) nutritious, with a quality that meets dietary needs and preferences, 4) safe and 5) supported by an adequate environment regarding sanitation, health service and care. To pursue the ambition of developing organic horticulture in greenhouses and high tunnels into an active player within the food system and foodservice, a shift in paradigm is needed - organic protected horticulture needs to redefine itself from being a resource provider/supplier, mainly focusing on production systems and environment, to being an active player in the arena of grand global challenges and human health-integrating societal aspects, e.g., well-being. Organic greenhouse horticulture not only addresses, but also delivers, key solutions in some areas of conflicts, such as land, water and energy use and recycling of resources. In addition, it offers opportunities for empowerment of rural and urban areas. Most research on organic horticulture considers organic greenhouse production systems and production environments. The BioGreenhouse vision considers interactivities between the environmental and societal sphere of food. Innovative organic approaches are a critical precondition for improvement. The potential of organic greenhouse horticulture needs to be brought to the awareness of policy makers. Research to explore the multilevel and multidisciplinary as well as multistakeholder interactions of organic production in greenhouses and high tunnels must be encouraged, by all necessary means.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Oospores in the Epidemiology of Potato Late Blight
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 834, s. 61-68
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is a plant disease feared globally by farmers and the potato industry. P. infestans is a heterothallic oomycete with two mating types. Until recently the pathogen was limited to surviving between seasons as living mycelia in its host plant in most parts of the world. This was due to the fact that populations of P. infestans consisted of only one mating type (A1) in all parts of the world except Mexico, the putative centre of origin of the pathogen. Migration of new genotypes from Mexico, including genotypes of the second mating type (A2) has resulted in that now both mating types can be found worldwide. The formation of oospores is only possible if both mating types coexist. Oospores will give the pathogen the ability of surviving for extended periods of time outside its host, for example in the soil. There are reports of oospore formation under field conditions from many parts of the world. Also, in some places oospores are considered as a new, additional inoculum source and as a consequence the onset of late blight epidemics have become earlier. Oospores are formed through sexual recombination. If they act as a source of inoculum, this will increase the genotypic variation in populations of P. infestans leading to an enhanced adaptability of the pathogen. As a consequence, an earlier start of epidemics caused by oospores in the soil and a more aggressive behaviour of the pathogen due to new sexually formed genotypes could make potato late blight even more difficult to control in the future.
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| 27. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Circularity in practice: reusing restaurant waste for in-house vegetable production
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 281-286
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of biogas is a common way to handle organic waste products and it provides not only energy but also an anaerobic digestate (AD) rich in plant nutrients. In order to create a close loop between food consumption and vegetable production this project was undertaken to see if food waste from a restaurant, could be used to produce a liquid fertilizer for lettuce production to the same restaurant. Growth experiments in a hydroponic set up were made with nitrified AD. The AD was tested as a hydroponic fertilizer at two dilution levels. In one trial the solution was also amended with mineral nutrients and all the trials were compared to a mineral nutrient control. Results indicate that it is possible to use the digestate as a fertilizer for lettuce, and that amendment with certain mineral nutrients enhances the growth. Plant concentrations of Na and Cl indicates that there might be a problem with toxicity but it was not clarified by these experiments.
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| 28. |
- Asp, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Reflection-in-Action: a Trigger for Acquisition of Higher Horticultural Education Knowledge
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 832, s. 43-47
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses experiences from two examples where practical case studies were used as course starter in order to increase the operational knowledge but also as a tool for increased learning outcomes for theoretical knowledge. The first case presented was performed by freshmen enrolled into a two-year-long horticultural management program and involved greenhouse pot plant production. Each student working group was responsible for one production factor e. g., light, water or nutrients, on one out of four crops (chrysanthemum, poinsettia, basil and tomatoes). Within given frames the details of the study were formed by the students. During the course the trials were discussed in terms of production physiology, statistics, and presentation of results. The second case study discussed was performed by students at an advanced level of the M.Sc. program in Horticulture (5 years). The assignment was to build, and run, an automatic closed hydroponic growing system. The case study was given during the first week of the course with minimal instructions. The set-up was then used in the course for experiments on nutrient analysis, pH regulation, and plant biometrics. Results showed that both case studies had a positive effect on the learning outcome for both theoretical as well as operational knowledge. The cultivation system resulting from the case became a rich source for discussions within the student group and with the supervisors on various subjects during the course. The supervisors found a way, through the case studies, to meet students with different backgrounds on their individual knowledge level. It was also encouraging for the teachers to observe how the personal initiative from the students grew when working with the case studies. Details about the case studies and our experiences as a pedagogical tool are presented and discussed.
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| 29. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Strategies for Hydroponic Cultivation in Vertical Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1034, s. 149-154
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban horticulture in vertical systems seems to be a feasible solution to supply a growing urban population with healthy, locally grown vegetables and to utilise waste products such as heat, CO2 and nutrients from cities. However, growing vegetables in such systems is somewhat different than in conventional planar greenhouse systems, with respect to climate and light interception. As part of a completely novel concept, a system for growing Asiatic vegetables (pak choi, mizuna) in a continuous, pumice-based hydroponic system was developed. Factors such as suitable nutrient solutions, cultivars and lighting strategies were evaluated with respect to their influence on production time and product quality, with the aim of producing 300 g pak choi plants within a 35 day cultivation period. The system comprised 0.75-L containers with pumice intended to be reused several times, with the seeds sown directly in the pumice. Nutrient solution was supplied via capillary uptake. Supplementary lighting (HPS/LED) was used to obtain a daily light integral of 12 mol m(-2). Biometric measurements were performed on the plants and climate parameters in the stand and nutrient uptake were monitored. It was concluded that the basic system design was feasible from a crop related perspective, with an overall cropping time of around 42 days.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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End-of-day treatments as a way of controlling growth in ornamental pot plants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1296, s. 287-292
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the introduction of light emitting diode (LED) technology for greenhouse lighting, the possibility to apply narrow band light becomes available to the grower. With narrow band light, it is possible to target the different photoreceptors of the plant, and thus control plant growth and development. Applying a brief period of narrowband light at the end of the photoperiod (end-of-day lighting) has been suggested as a way to control growth with a low total input of electric energy. Controlling stem elongation is an important part of greenhouse horticulture, especially for ornamental crops but also for vegetable transplants. Chemical plant growth regulators are efficient and widely used for this purpose, but questioned from an environmental point of view and not compatible with organic practices. In a series of experiments, end-of-day treatments with different wavebands were applied to poinsettia plants in order to evaluate the concept and to establish the most suitable wavelength. Red (660 nm), green (525 nm), and white (continuous spectrum) LED lights were evaluated. End-ofday light was applied for one hour after the main photoperiod, at an intensity of 10 µmol m-2 s-1. A treatment without end-of-day light was used as the control treatment. The results displayed significant differences among treatments.
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| 32. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Growth and Photosynthesis of Ornamental Plants Cultivated under Different Light Sources
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 956, s. 141-148
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- New light sources for horticultural applications, intended to replace HPS lamps or fluorescent tubes, are currently being introduced in the market. Special attention is being devoted to LED technology, which permits optimisation of the spectral distribution of a light source. Consequently, LED lamps are generally assumed to be more efficient for driving photosynthesis that HPS lamps, for which much of the wavelength is outside the photosynthetic optimum range. In order to investigate the efficiency of LED technology in greenhouse applications, different types of LED lamps were compared with conventional HPS lamps in a series of experiments with Euphorbia pulcherrima. Cultivation took place in greenhouse conditions with natural daylight and 100 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) supplementary lighting, supplied by white LED, red/blue LED or conventional HPS lamps (control). Plant development and photosynthesis rate were monitored over 4 months. Shoot elongation was highest for plants grown under HPS lamps, as was fresh weight. Measurements of photosynthesis under the different light sources revealed a trend for higher photosynthesis when white LEDs were used. However, when photosynthesis was measured at different light intensities using red/blue LEDs, plants grown under HPS lamps had the highest photosynthesis. The air temperature in the canopy was lower when the light was supplied with LEDs than with HPS lamps, thus delaying development. We concluded that the quality of light supplied was a significant factor for plant development in greenhouse conditions with supplementary light. There was a lack of correlation between measured photosynthesis and biomass production.
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| 33. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Growth control of ornamental and bedding plants by manipulation of photoperiod and light quality
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1134, s. 33-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Altering the light regime is a sound and non-polluting way of controlling the growth of greenhouse-grown pot and bedding plants, and a promising way of eliminating the use of chemical plant growth regulators (PGRs), which are now becoming less available and more questioned by consumers. Modern greenhouses often have blackout screens, originally installed for flower regulation purposes but which can also be used for growth regulation. Modern light emitting diode (LED) light sources can be designed to provide narrow-band light (NBL), which can affect growth and elongation of plants if given in addition to natural sunlight, or as daylight extension (end-of-day or pre-day treatments). Two different approaches were used: short photoperiods in combination with pre-day and end-of-day NBL treatments, and short photoperiods combined with simultaneous addition of NBL and natural light. The plants used were Calibrachoa, Pelargonium, Euphorbia, and Chrysanthemum. A light regime with 620 nm light given before the period of natural light and 525 nm light given at the end of the natural light effectively controlled elongation in both Calibrachoa and Pelargonium. Supplementation of natural sunlight with a small portion of 660 nm light significantly reduced plant height in Euphorbia, but not in Chrysanthemum. It was concluded that management of photoperiod and light quality is very promising for replacing PGRs within greenhouse production of ornamental and bedding plants.
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| 34. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for measuring nutrient mineralization in growing media with organic fertilizers incorporated
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; , s. 87-92
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of organic nutrient sources is mandatory when producing plants according to organic standards. As the nutrient release from organic fertilizers is depending on microbial processes, they are in turn affected by factors such as moisture content, temperature, and pH. This makes mineralization hard to control and predict, and lacking synchronization between mineralization and crop demand is a major problem when using organic fertilizers (Bi et al., 2010; Burnett et al., 2016; Rosen and Allan, 2007) affecting crop productivity and potentially leading to decreased nutrient use efficiency and leaching. This fact invokes the need for analytical methods offering possibilities to predict nutrient availability during the crop cycle. However, as of today, there is a lack in standardized methods for characterization of nutrient release patterns from organic fertilizers. Also methods for analysis of horticultural growing media are not internationally standardized (Baumgarten, 2005), although incubation methods for N analysis have been suggested (Thorup-Kristensen, 1994). There are numerous different extraction methods for analysis of growing media which will provide fundamentally different values. Also for plant analysis, a number of different methods such as total analysis, plant sap analysis, and non-invasive optic methods are applied to scrutinize plant nutrient status. In the this paper, an attempt was made to track nutrient uptake from organically bound, to plant available in the peat-based growing medium, to uptake in the plant using different analysis methods. The overall objective was to develop a protocol to assess nutrient release from organic fertilizers.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects on LED Lighting for Growth Regulation and Energy Saving in Pot Plant Production
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 893, s. 269-274
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid development towards higher effects and lower costs makes Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) highly interesting for assimilation- and photoperiod-regulating lighting in greenhouse pot plant production. LED lighting is energy efficient and can deliver monochromatic light. This study examined the possibilities for using monochromatic light from LEDs for growth regulation. Possible benefits for plant morphology and quality and in reducing the need for chemical growth regulation were screened in three pot plant species (Euphorbia, Kalanchoe and Chrysanthemum). Monochromatic LED light at different wavelengths was given before daybreak. Plant development was continuously measured and plant quality was assessed at the end of the experiment. Our results indicate that light of certain wavelengths supplied before dawn can have a beneficial influence on the quality of common commercial pot plants. The practice of LED lighting holds great prospects for greenhouse pot plant production.
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| 37. |
- Bergstrand, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Recent Progresses on the Application of LEDs in the Horticultural Production
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 927, s. 529-534
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology for horticultural lighting is becoming increasingly feasible from an economic point of view. Rapid development of the technology is continuously bringing cheaper and more efficient equipment to the market. The possible use of monochromatic LED light for assimilation support and growth regulation in ornamental pot plants was examined in a series of studies. Different wavelengths including polychromatic white light were employed either as sole light source or in combination with natural light in greenhouse conditions. Plant growth and development was strongly affected by the different treatments. White light and blue light were found to be the most efficient for plant growth. However, stem elongation was dramatically enhanced by blue light in certain circumstances.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Båth, Birgitta
(författare)
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Soil fertility management in organic greenhouse: an analysis of the European context
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1164, s. 113-126
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil fertility management systems in organic greenhouses are quite diversified within Europe. The challenge is to identify and implement strategies which are in agreement with the organic principles stated by (EC) Reg. 834/2007 and (EC) Reg. 889/2008 as well as environmentally, socially and economically sustainable. In this paper, written by a group of scientists of different geographical origin and with different background, the state of the art of the sector and the main characteristics of the European greenhouse cropping systems are described. The main bottlenecks and constraints are discussed with a particular reference to the regulatory framework in force. The more relevant issues that may influence the enforcement and future development of the sector have been identified as specific knowledge gaps. For each of them, the appropriate research needs were elaborated in a multidisciplinary perspective as forthcoming challenges for the whole sector. Far to be exhaustive, given the wide heterogeneity of the implemented systems, this paper is able, for the first time, to give a structured outlook, on soil fertility in protected organic condition at an European scale.
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| 41. |
- Dedicova, Beata, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Cryopreservation on Growth of Different Elite Embryogenic Cell Lines of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) Karst.)
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Symposium on Cryopreservation in Horticultural Species. - : International Society for Horticultural Science. - 9789066054707 ; 908, s. 203-206
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Callus from seven different elite embryogenic cell lines of Norway spruce originated from the controlled crossing conducted by Skogforsk (Forest Research Institute of Sweden) have been cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen using the slow freezing method with sorbitol (0.2 and 0.4 M) and DMSO (5% v/v) as cryoprotectants. Cooloing of samples was performed in a programmable freezer Cryo Med 7452. The cryovials were inserted at +4 degrees C and frozen at -0.3 degrees C/min to -16 degrees C. After 15 min at -16 degrees C, to avoid rapid cooling and crystal formation in the cells, the cryovials were further cooled to -35 degrees C at -0.3 degrees C/min. At the end of the freezing program the cryovials were transferred and stored in a CBS V1500 liquid nitrogen storage unit at -196 degrees C. After thawing and plating on proliferation medium, the recovered cells showed a short lag phase, after which they continued to grow. Lags in growth were also observed after the transfer to pre-maturation and maturation media. Somatic embryo maturation and plantlet regeneration occurred in all the tested embryogenic lines.
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| 42. |
- Dubey, Mukesh
(författare)
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Relationship of downy mildew resistance with marker and yield related traits helpful for achieving reliable selection criteria in Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1036, s. 61-69
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), one of the oldest medicinal plants, produces more than eighty alkaloids including the analgesic morphine, the antitussive codeine and the muscle relaxant papaverine. Beside alkaloids, the crop is cultivated for seeds and seed oil. Downy mildew (DM) caused by fungus Peronospora arborescens (Berk) de Bary is one of the most destructive diseases of opium poppy which causes enormous loss in terms of both opium and seed yield. Therefore, development of DM-resistant poppy cultivars with high seed and straw yield is the most sustainable objective in opium poppy breeding. In the present study, the nature and degree of relationships between different marker and yield influencing traits including DM-resistance were studied using correlation and path coefficient analysis. The observations strongly support the effectiveness of selections for high seed and straw yield together with DM resistance by considering the said component traits individually or in combination for developing effective selection criteria for crop improvement. The results would help in development of disease resistant and high yielding cultivars in opium poppy.
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| 43. |
- Ekelund Axelson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Climate labelling and the importance of increased vegetable consumption
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1132, s. 191-197
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nearly a third of the climate change impacts attributed to human consumption are believed to be caused by food and drink. Climate communication and marketing efforts have been the focus of an interdisciplinary research exploring how food retailers, in their unique intermediary role between producers and consumers, could guide consumers’ food choices in a more climate-friendly direction, with examples mainly from Sweden. Consumers are not aware of what actions are the most important from a climate point of view. A guide to more climate friendly protein choices (meat guide) was created within the project, with the aim of developing a way of informing about the environmental impacts of meat and other sources of protein. While food waste was considered an important issue, climate effects of transportation and packaging was of greater concern to the consumers in the study, who found it more important to buy local and seasonal food, and organic products, than to choose vegetarian alternatives. Observational studies in European stores, as well as interviews with representatives of Swedish supermarkets, revealed that direct climate messages were scarce. A recommendation to supermarkets is to promote vegetarian choices in store and develop the fruit and vegetable department. A novel suggestion is to encourage retailers to build on ambiguous categories and indirect messages, in particular local, seasonal and organic, in communicating climate mitigating behaviour and promote an increase in consumption of vegetables.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ekelund Axelson, Lena
(författare)
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Product Development and Value Migration in the Horticultural Value Chain for Pot Plants
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 807, s. 777-782
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the concept value as defined in researcher models and by market actors in the value chain. The value chain is the chain of all actors from the supplier of materials to the growers, on to wholesalers and retailers and, finally, to the consumer, including all transporting and logistics companies on the way. The pot plant industry, consisting mainly of products from protected cultivation, is an expanding line of business. Scandinavia has the highest per capita consumption in Europe, while the Netherlands dominates production and trade with Germany and the UK being the largest markets in value. Supermarket chains, with continuously fewer and bigger units, dominate the European food marketing system. As the supermarkets diversify into non-food, the market for ornamentals changes profoundly. Plant growers and producer organizations see an increasing part of their sales meeting the consumer in supermarkets rather than in specialized shops. In a number of case studies at different levels of the chain the actors have expressed their experiences of value of pot plants. Data arrive from interviews with consumers, retailers, wholesalers and primary producers mainly on the Swedish market but with some international comparisons. A crucial question is what level will take an interest in innovation and product development. Consumers want variety and service. Wholesalers and producer organizations become more of logistics and transport companies than innovative product developers. Supermarkets pass on responsibility and costs of quality control to their suppliers and are not engaged in product development. Innovative growers interested in meeting the demands of the consumers face problems with a value chain focused on technology rather than product development. The scope of the paper is to present the value chain for pot plants, with the aim of explaining the development of value migration and product differentiation. It will be argued that the value migrates to actors positioned close to the end consumer.
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| 47. |
- Ekelund Axelson, Lena
(författare)
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Regional Identity and Authenticity as a Means of Reaching the Consumer
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1099, s. 181-192
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although horticultural supply chains in Europe are characterised by large-scale trade and big supermarkets, an increasing number of consumers are showing interest in the origin of their fresh fruit and vegetables. This paper addresses the issue of product origin, authenticity as a promotional tool and the link between local production and seasonal consumption with examples drawn from the Swedish and British markets. The results are derived from interviews with more than 1,500 Swedish consumers and observations of fourteen supermarkets, representing the main Swedish and UK actors. The study reveals strong preferences for domestic fruit and vegetables as well as robust interest in locally produced foods. Despite this, local products could be found in only two of the fourteen supermarkets visited and were promoted in only one. Compulsory EU rules on country of origin labeling were followed, however promotions based on national origin were more prevalent in the UK than in Sweden. Further, even in cases where national origin was communicated, it was done so mostly by the supermarkets’ own private brands. In terms of seasonality, there is stark contrast between British and Swedish supermarkets. The former has adopted the seasonality scheme created by authorities, with season being defined as the time periods when different domestic products are on the market, while in Sweden seasonality is defined by the supermarket and in at least one case as the period when a certain product is at its best, regardless of where it is grown. In conclusion, the study argues that despite the promise of product origin, there is a communication gap between the producer and the consumer which is exacerbated by gatekeepers who inhibit rather than drive the promotion of product authenticity. Consequently, local or regional producers lack a platform to communicate their unique and desirable properties to the end consumer.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Ekholm, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenol Rich Fruits on Human Erythrocytes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 926, s. 669-674
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diets rich in fruit and vegetables promote health and delay the onset of diseases associated with oxidative stress. The benefit, especially of different berries, has been largely attributed to their content of numerous phytochemicals, and their effects in terms of antioxidant capacity are often evaluated chemically by different methods. We have instead used a highly relevant biological model, a modified CAP-e assay (Cell-based Antioxidant Protection in erythrocytes), to evaluate bioefficacy of antioxidants in Swedish berries. Extracts of twelve fruit and berries were analysed both by chemical and biological analyses: apple (Malus domestica, peel), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), purple chokeberry (Aronia prunifolia), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), rose hips (Rosa spp.), sea buckthorn (Hippohae rhamnoides), sloe (Prunus spinosa) and strawberry (Fragaria ananassa). Purple chokeberry, sloe and rose hips showed high antioxidant capacity in the chemical assays. Rose hips showed the highest degree of antioxidant protection also in the biological model, however, chokeberry and sloe showed medium or low protection. Furthermore, strawberry showed overall high protection in the biological assay but low antioxidant capacity in the chemical assays. The chemical and biological models showed different results and future studies of the biological model and in vivo situations are necessary
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