SwePub
Sök i SwePub databas

  Extended search

Träfflista för sökning "L773:0748 3007 OR L773:1096 0031 "

Search: L773:0748 3007 OR L773:1096 0031

  • Result 1-48 of 48
Sort/group result
   
EnumerationReferenceCoverFind
1.
  • Burks, Roger A., et al. (author)
  • Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), with focus on the subfamily Entedoninae
  • 2011
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 1096-0031 .- 0748-3007. ; 27:6, s. 581-605
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A new combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Eulophidae is presented with special reference to the subfamily Entedoninae. We examined 28S D2D5 and CO1 gene regions with parsimony and partitioned Bayesian analyses, and examined the impact of a small set of historically recognized morphological characters on combined analyses. Eulophidae was strongly supported as monophyletic only after exclusion of the enigmatic genus Trisecodes. The subfamilies Eulophinae, Entiinae (=Euderinae) and Tetrastichinae were consistently supported as monophyletic, but Entedoninae was monophyletic only in combined analyses. Six contiguous bases in the 3e' subregion of the 28S D2 rDNA contributed to placement of nominal subgenus of Closterocerus outside Entedoninae. In all cases, Euderomphalini was excluded from Entiinae, and we suggest that it be retained in Entedoninae. Opheliminae n. stat. is raised from tribe to subfamily status. Trisecodes is removed from Entedoninae but retained as incertae sedis in Eulophidae until its family placement can be determined new placement. The genera Neochrysocharisstat. rev. and Asecodesstat. rev. are removed from synonymy with Closterocerus because strong molecular differences corroborate their morphological differences. Closterocerus (Achrysocharis) germanicus is transferred to the genus Chrysonotomyian. comb. based on molecular and morphological characters.
  •  
2.
  • Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al. (author)
  • Rethinking taxon sampling in the light of environmental sequencing
  • 2011
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 1096-0031 .- 0748-3007. ; 27:2, s. 197-203
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Environmental DNA sequencing efforts of substrates such as soil, wood, and seawater have been found to present very different views of the underlying biological communities compared with efforts based on morphological examination and culture studies. The taxonomic affiliation of many of these environmental sequences cannot be settled with certainty due to the lack of proximate reference sequences in the corpus of public sequence data, and they are typically submitted to the international sequence databases without much indication of their relatedness. The scientific community has proved reluctant to include such unnamed sequences in phylogenetic analyses and taxonomic studies, but the present study shows such a position to be not only largely unwarranted but also potentially unsound. The sequences of 48 published fungal alignments of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region were subjected to similarity searches in the sequence databases to recover environmental sequences with a clear bearing on the respective ingroup. An average of 20 environmental sequences were added to each alignment, and upon rerunning the phylogenetic analyses of each study we found that topological rearrangements involving the original ingroup sequences were observed for no less than 29 (60%) of the studies. In nearly 20% of these cases, the rearrangements were large enough to question or even overthrow at least one conclusion presented in the original studies. The basal branching order was similarly subject to changes in 16% of the applicable studies. Environmental sequences are thus not only relevant in ecological research but form a requisite source of information also in systematics and taxonomy.
  •  
3.
  • Wedin, Mats, et al. (author)
  • Species delimitation and evolution of metal bioaccumulation in the lichenized Acarospora smaragdula (Ascomycota, Fungi) complex
  • 2009
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 25:2, s. 161-172
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The crustose lichenized fungi in the Acarosporaceae are splendid examples of organisms managing to survive in extremely harsh environments, such as highly mineralized rocks and low-pH habitats. Some representatives of the Acarospora smaragdula complex are known to accumulate substantial amounts of potentially toxic metals including iron and copper, resulting in populations with highly divergent coloration and morphology. These populations have often been treated as distinct species by lichen taxonomists. Parsimony and parsimony jackknifing analyses of beta-tubulin, nuclear ITS rDNA, and mtSSU rDNA sequence data sets was used to investigate the evolution of iron and copper accumulation and the production of the secondary compound norstictic acid in populations within the A. smaragdula species complex in Sweden, with additional samples mainly from Norway and the UK. Phylogenetic species recognition (concordance of single-gene phylogenies) was used to investigate species delimitations. Seven species are recognized in the complex. Atypically green, copper-accumulating samples, often given species rank, do not form a distinct group but are nested within A. smaragdula s. str., indicating that this ability is widespread in this species. Rust-coloured, iron-accumulating samples form two well supported separate groups, indicating that two morphologically distinct, obligate, iron-accumulating species are present, but facultatively iron-accumulating populations occur in at least one additional species. Norstictic acid, sometimes claimed to characterize the whole A. smaragdula complex, is only present in A. smaragdula s. str. The evolutionary significance of metal accumulation in Acarospora is discussed, as is the significance of our results for the application of phylogenetic species recognition/gene tree concordance-based species recognition, and DNA barcoding.
  •  
4.
  • Bergsten, Johannes (author)
  • A review of long-branch attraction
  • 2005
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 1096-0031 .- 0748-3007. ; 21:2, s. 163-193
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The history of long-branch attraction, and in particular methods suggested to detect and avoid the artifact to date, is reviewed. Methods suggested to avoid LBA-artifacts include excluding long-branch taxa, excluding faster evolving third codon positions, using inference methods less sensitive to LBA such as likelihood, the Aguinaldo et al. approach, sampling more taxa to break up long branches and sampling more characters especially of another kind, and the pros and cons of these are discussed. Methods suggested to detect LBA are numerous and include methodological disconcordance, RASA, separate partition analyses, parametric simulation, random outgroup sequences, long-branch extraction, split decomposition and spectral analysis. Less than 10 years ago it was doubted if LBA occurred in real datasets. Today, examples are numerous in the literature and it is argued that the development of methods to deal with the problem is warranted. A 16 kbp dataset of placental mammals and a morphological and molecular combined dataset of gall waSPS are used to illustrate the particularly common problem of LBA of problematic ingroup taxa to outgroups. The preferred methods of separate partition analysis, methodological disconcordance, and long branch extraction are used to demonstrate detection methods. It is argued that since outgroup taxa almost always represent long branches and are as such a hazard towards misplacing long branched ingroup taxa, phylogenetic analyses should always be run with and without the outgroups included. This will detect whether only the outgroup roots the ingroup or if it simultaneously alters the ingroup topology, in which case previous studies have shown that the latter is most often the worse. Apart from that LBA to outgroups is the major and most common problem; scanning the literature also detected the ill advised comfort of high support values from thousands of characters, but very few taxa, in the age of genomics. Taxon sampling is crucial for an accurate phylogenetic estimate and trust cannot be put on whole mitochondrial or chloroplast genome studies with only a few taxa, despite their high support values. The placental mammal example demonstrates that parsimony analysis will be prone to LBA by the attraction of the tenrec to the distant marsupial outgroups. In addition, the murid rodents, creating the classic “the guinea-pig is not a rodent” hypothesis in 1996, are also shown to be attracted to the outgroup by nuclear genes, although including the morphological evidence for rodents and Glires overcomes the artifact. The gall wasp example illustrates that Bayesian analyses with a partition-specific GTR + Γ + I model give a conflicting resolution of clades, with a posterior probability of 1.0 when comparing ingroup alone versus outgroup rooted topologies, and this is due to long-branch attraction to the outgroup.  
  •  
5.
  • Härlin, Mikael (author)
  • On the relationship between content, ancestor, and ancestry in phylogenetic nomenclature
  • 2003
  • In: Cladistics. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 19:2, s. 144-147
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In this paper I draw attention to the concepts of content and ancestry in phylogenetic nomenclature. I argue that these concepts are tightly linked and that they cannot be separated as suggested by Bryant and Cantino [Biol. Rev. 77 (2002) 39] in their recent response to a critique of phylogenetic nomenclature. In addition, I argue that the basic assumption in phylogenetic nomenclature that a taxon-name always refers to the same ancestor or ancestry is questionable.
  •  
6.
  • Härlin, Mikael (author)
  • Taxon names as paradigms : the structure of nomenclatural revolutions
  • 2003
  • In: Cladistics. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 19:2, s. 138-143
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • In the present paper I argue that the two systems of phylogenetic nomenclature hitherto proposed represent, in a generalized sense, two different philosophies for how science develops and progresses. The phylogenetic system of definition. initially proposed by de Queiroz and Gauthier [Syst. Zool. 39 (1990) 307], and later labeled PSD, is typically Popperian in the 'sense that science progresses toward truth by An accumulation of knowledge. Phylogenetic definitions of taxon names are assumed to adapt automatically to each new hypothesis of phylogeny, thereby reflecting better and better hypotheses. The phylogenetic system of reference proposed by Harlin [Zool. Scr. 27 (1998a) 381], on the other hand, is more Kuhnian, because it is built on the idea that successive hypotheses are incommensurable (and thus not cumulative) and that taxon names might be equalled with low-level paradigms.
  •  
7.
  • Aguado, M.T., et al. (author)
  • Phylogeny of Syllidae (Polychaeta) based on combined molecular analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial genes
  • 2007
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 23:6, s. 552-564
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The phylogeny of Syllidae is assessed in a combined analysis of molecular data from nuclear 18S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. In total, 103 terminal taxa are examined: 88 syllids in the four classical subfamilies Eusyllinae, Exogoninae, Syllinae and Autolytinae, as well as 15 outgroup taxa from Phyllodocida and Eunicida. Maximum parsimony analysis of the combined data set indicates that Syllidae, as currently delineated, is monophyletic, though not with very high support values. Astreptosyllis Kudenov & Dorsey, 1982, Streptosyllis Webster & Benedict, 1884 and SyllidesÖrsted, 1845 comprise a monophyletic group well differentiated from the rest of the Syllidae. The subfamilies Autolytinae and Syllinae are monophyletic. Exogoninae is monophyletic, although not well supported, and Eusyllinae is clearly paraphyletic. Results corroborate previous studies about the evolution of reproductive modes in that epigamy is the plesiomorphic condition and schizogamy appeared independently in Autolytinae and Syllinae.
  •  
8.
  • Conrad, Jack L., et al. (author)
  • A combined evidence phylogenetic analysis of Anguimorpha (Reptilia : Squamata)
  • 2011
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 27:3, s. 230-277
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Anguimorpha is a clade of limbed and limbless squamates with ca. 196 extant species and a known fossil record spanning the past 130 million years. Morphology-based and molecule-based phylogenetic analyses disagree on several key points. The analyses differ consistently in the placements of monstersaurs (e.g. Gila Monsters), shinisaurs (Crocodile Lizards), the anguid Anniella (American Legless Lizards), carusioids (Knobby Lizards), and the major clades within Varanus (Monitor Lizards). Given different data sources with such different phylogenetic hypotheses, Anguimorpha is an excellent candidate for a combined phylogenetic analysis. We constructed a data matrix consisting of 175 fossil and extant anguimorphs, and 2281 parsimony-informative characters (315 morphological characters and 1969 molecular characters). We analysed these data using the computer program TNT using the "new technology search" with the ratchet. Our result is novel and shows similarities with both morphological and molecular trees, but is identical to neither. We find that a global combined evidence analysis (GCA) does not recover a holophyletic Varanoidea, but omission of fossil taxa reveals cryptic molecular support for that group. We describe these results and others from global morphological analysis, extant-only morphological analysis, molecular data-only analyses, combined evidence analysis of extant taxa, and GCA.
  •  
9.
  • Ekenäs, Catarina, et al. (author)
  • Secondary chemistry and ribosomal DNA data congruencies in Arnica (Asteraceae)
  • 2009
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 25:1, s. 78-92
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To investigate possible congruencies between DNA sequence data and secondary chemistry, we compared nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequence data, sesquiterpene lactone (STL) contents, and cytometric data from 35 accessions of 16 Arnica (Asteraceae) species and two outgroup taxa (Layia hieracioides and Madia sativa), using phylogenetic inference and principal component analysis (PCA). Several groups supporting multiple accessions of the same species (of A. montana, A. longifolia, A. gracilis, and A. chamissonis) are congruent between the phylogenetic trees based on nrDNA and STL data. Sesquiterpene lactone profiles were found to be highly consistent within multiple samples of A. montana and A. longifolia respectively. Moreover, sesquiterpene lactone data support subspecies classifications of A. chamissonis and A. parryi, with additional support from DNA sequence data and cytometric data. Morphology, STL data (PCA), cytometric data and DNA sequence data suggest a hybrid origin of one accession (A. gracilis × longifolia). In A. gracilis, A. latifolia, and Layia hieracioides, previously not investigated for STLs, we found large amounts of xanthalongin derivatives. This is the first time STLs have been reported from subtribe Madiinae.
  •  
10.
  • Englund, Markus, et al. (author)
  • Phylogenetic relationships and generic delimitation in Inuleae subtribe Inulinae (Asteraceae) based on ITS and cpDNA sequence data
  • 2009
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 25:4, s. 319-352
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Phylogenetic relationships in Inuleae subtribe Inulinae (Asteraceae) were investigated. DNA sequence data from three chloroplast regions (ndhF,trnL–F and psbA–trnH) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were analysed separately and in combination using parsimony and Bayesian inference. A total of 163 ingroup taxa were included, of which 60 were sampled for all four markers. Conflicts between chloroplast and nuclear data were assessed using partitioned Bremer support (PBS). Rather than averaging PBS over several trees from constrained searches, individual trees were considered by evaluating PBS ranges. Criteria to be used in the detection of a significant conflict between data partitions are proposed. Three nodes in the total data tree were found to encompass significant conflict that could result from ancient hybridization. Neither of the large, heterogeneous and widespread genera Inula and Pulicaria is monophyletic. A monophyletic group ("the Inula complex") that comprises all species of Inula include also Telekia, Carpesium, Chrysophthalmum, Rhanteriopsis, Amblyocarpum, and Pentanema sensu stricto. Two species of Pentanema were found to be closer to Blumea (including Blumeopsis and Merrittia) and Caesulia. The monophyletic "Pulicaria complex" includes all taxa with heteromorphic pappus. Within this group, Francoeuria is distinct from Pulicaria and merits recognition as a separate genus.
  •  
11.
  •  
12.
  • Johanson, Kjell Arne, et al. (author)
  • Phylogeny of the Ecnomidae (Insecta: Trichoptera)
  • 2010
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 26:1, s. 36-48
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Ecnomidae are a family of seven previously accepted extant genera having a typical Gondwanan distribution, except one genus (Ecnomus) being widely distributed also in the Oriental and Palearctic regions. We analysed a molecular data set of 3379 characters representing the sum of four different protein-coding genes (COI, CAD, EF-1a and POL-II). Six equally most parsimonious trees were generated from the combined data set, distributed into two distinct islands. In all maximum parsimony (MP) trees the Ecnomidae is monophyletic when the genus Zelandoptila (Psychomyiidae) is included. The sister group to Ecnomidae including Zelandoptila is Pseudoneureclipsis, previously classified in the other families. This sister-group relationship contradicts earlier findings that the Polycentropodidae are the sister group to Ecnomidae. A Bayesian analysis resulted in a monophyletic Ecnomidae when accepting inclusion of Pseudoneureclipsis, which contradicts the results from the MP analysis by leaving Zelandoptila as the sister group to Ecnomidae including Pseudoneureclipsis. In the majority rule tree from this analysis Polycentropodidae form the sister group to Ecnomidae. We were not able to obtain a monophyletic Ecnomus due to the inclusion of Psychomyillodes. We conclude that the genus Zelandoptila or Pseudoneureclipsis probably belongs to the Ecnomidae, and that Psychomyiellodes and Ecnomus are synonyms. Three additional, as yet undescribed monotypic genera from Australia and New Caledonia remain to be erected in Ecnomidae.
  •  
13.
  •  
14.
  •  
15.
  • Miettinen, Otto, et al. (author)
  • Comprehensive taxon sampling reveals unaccounted diversity and morphological plasticity in a group of dimitic polypores (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)
  • 2012
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 1096-0031 .- 0748-3007. ; 28:3, s. 251-270
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The phylogeny of the poroid and hydnoid genera Antrodia, Junghuhnia, and Steccherinum (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) was studied utilizing sequences of the gene regions ITS, nLSU, mtSSU, atp6, rpb2 and tef1. Altogether 148 taxa, represented by 549 sequences, were included in analyses. Results show that most species of these genera form a well supported clade in the Polyporales, called Steccherinaceae, along with 12 other hydnoid and poroid genera. Within the Steccherinaceae, generic concepts need to be revised: no fewer that 15 genera are needed to accommodate existing and new species. At least 16 transitions have taken place between poroid and hydnoid hymenophore types within Steccherinaceae, and similar plasticity can be seen in microscopic characters. Nevertheless, natural genera revealed in the analysis can mostly be characterized morphologically and, with few exceptions, poroid and hydnoid species belong to separate genera. The genus Steccherinaceae in shown to contain both hydnoid and poroid species. Species of the former Antrodiella belong to at least 10 genera within Steccherinaceae.
  •  
16.
  •  
17.
  •  
18.
  • Rousset, V., et al. (author)
  • A molecular phylogeny of annelids
  • 2007
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 23:1, s. 41-63
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We present parsimony analyses of annelids based on the largest taxon sample and most extensive molecular data set yet assembled, with two nuclear ribosomal genes (18S rDNA and the D1 region of 28S rDNA), one nuclear protein coding-gene (Histone H3) and one mitochondrial ribosomal gene (16S rDNA) from 217 terminal taxa. Of these, 267 sequences are newly sequenced, and the remaining were obtained from GenBank. The included taxa are based on the criteria that the taxon must have 18S rDNA or at least two other loci. Our analyses show that 68% of annelid family ranked taxa represented by more than one taxon in our study are supported by a jackknife value > 50%. In spite of the size of our data set, the phylogenetic signal in the deepest part of the tree remains weak and the majority of the currently recognized major polychaete clades (except Amphinomida and Aphroditiformia) could not be recovered. Terbelliformia is monophyletic (with the exclusion of Pectinariidae, for which only 18S data were available), whereas members of taxa such as Phyllodocida, Cirratuliformia, Sabellida and Scolecida are scattered over the trees. Clitellata is monophyletic, although Dinophilidae should possibly be included, and Clitellata has a sister group within the polychaetes. One major problem is the current lack of knowledge on the closest relatives to annelids and the position of the annelid root. We suggest that the poor resolution in the basal parts of the trees presented here may be due to lack of signal connected to incomplete data sets both in terms of terminal and gene sampling, rapid radiation events and/or uneven evolutionary rates and long-branch attraction.
  •  
19.
  • Rousset, V., et al. (author)
  • The phylogenetic position of Siboglinidae (Annelida) inferred from 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and morphological data
  • 2004
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 20:6, s. 518-533
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We assess the phylogenetic position of Siboglinidae (previously known as the phyla Pogonophora and Vestimentifera, but now referred to Annelida) in parsimony analyses of 1100 bp from 18S rRNA, 320 bp from the D1 region of 28S rRNA, and 107 morphological characters, totaling 667 parsimony informative characters. The 34 terminal taxa, apart from six siboglinids, include polychaete members of Sabellida, Terbelliformia, Cirratuliformia and Spionida, plus two Aciculata polychaetes as outgroups. Our results contradict most recent hypotheses in showing a sistergroup relationship between Siboglinidae and Oweniidae, and in that the latter taxon is not a member of Sabellida. Furthermore, our results indicate that Sabellariidae is not closely related to Sabellida, that Serpulidae may be nested within Sabellidae. and that Alvinellidae is nested within Ampharetidae. (c) The Willi Hennig Society 2004.
  •  
20.
  • Wallberg, Andreas, et al. (author)
  • The phylogenetic position of the comb jellies (Ctenophora) and the importance of taxonomic sampling
  • 2004
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 20:6, s. 558-578
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The transition to a vermiform body shape is one of the most important events in animal evolution, having led to the impressive radiation of Bilateria. However, the sister group of Bilateria has remained obscure. Cladistic analyses of morphology indicate that Ctenophora is the sister group of Bilateria. Previous analyses of SSU rRNA sequences have yielded conflicting results; in many studies Ctenophora forms the sister group of Cnidaria + Bilateria, but in others the ctenophores group with poriferans. Here we re-examine the SSU sequence by analyzing a dataset with 528 metazoan + outgroup sequences, including almost 120 poriferan and diploblast sequences. We use parsimony ratchet and jackknife methods, as well as Bayesian methods, to analyze the data. The results indicate strong phylogenetic signals for a cnidarian + bilaterian group and for the comb jellies to have branched off early within a group uniting all epithelial animals [(Ct,(Cn,Bi))]. We demonstrate the importance of inclusive taxonomic coverage of ribosomal sequences for resolving this problematic part of the metazoan tree: topological stability increases dramatically with the addition of taxa, and the jackknife frequencies of the internal nodes uniting the lineages [(Cn,Bi) and ((Ct,(Cn,Bi))] also increase. We consider the reconstructed topology to represent the current best hypothesis of the interrelationships of these old lineages. Some morphological features supporting alternative hypotheses are discussed in the light of this result.
  •  
21.
  • Ast, Jennifer C (author)
  • Mitochondrial DNA evidence and evolution in Varanoidea (Squamata)
  • 2001
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 17:3, s. 211-226
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Varanoidea is a monophyletic group of anguimorph lizards, comprising the New World helodermatids, the Bornean earless monitor Lanthanotus borneensis, and the Old World monitors (Varanus). I use mitochondrial DNA sequences and extensive taxonomic sampling to test alternative hypotheses of varanoid relationships. The most parsimonious hypothesis confirms the monophyly of Varanoidea (Heloderma, Lanthanotus, and Varanus) and Varanus, as well as the sister-taxon relationship of Varanus and Lanthanotus. The relationships among Varanus species differ in several respects from previous hypotheses. Three major lineages are recognized within Varanus: an African clade basal to the rest of the group, an Indo-Asian clade, and an Indo-Australian clade. Within the last lineage, the endemic Australian dwarf monitors (Odatria) form a clade sister to the large Australian monitors (the gouldii group). Tests of the effects of rate heterogeneity and homoplasy demonstrate that putative process partitions of data are largely congruent with one another and contribute positive support to the overall hypothesis.
  •  
22.
  •  
23.
  •  
24.
  • Condamine, Fabien L., et al. (author)
  • Ancient islands acted as refugia and pumps for conifer diversity
  • 2017
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 33:1, s. 69-92
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • © 2016 The Willi Hennig Society.Island species are thought to be extinction-prone because of small population sizes, restricted geographical distribution and limited dispersal ability. However, the topographical and environmental heterogeneity, geographical isolation and stability of islands over long timescales could create refugia for taxa whose source area is threatened by environmental changes. We address this possibility by inferring the evolution of the New Caledonia (NC) and New Zealand (NZ) conifer diversity, which represents over 10% of the world's diversity for this group. We estimate speciation and extinction rates in relation to the presence/absence on these islands, and dispersal rates between the islands and surrounding areas. We also test the Eocene submersion of NC and the Oligocene drowning of NZ by comparing the fit of biogeographical scenarios using ancestral area estimations. We find that extinction rates were significantly lower for island species, and dispersal "out of islands" was higher. A model including a diversification shift when NC emerged better explains the diversification dynamics. Biogeographical analyses corroborate that conifers experienced high continental extinctions, but survived on islands. NC and NZ have thus contributed to the world's conifer diversity as "island refugia", by maintaining early-diverging lineages from continents during environmental changes on continents. These ancient islands also acted as "species pumps", providing species into adjacent areas. Our study highlights the important but neglected role of islands in promoting the evolution and conservation of biodiversity.
  •  
25.
  •  
26.
  • Houshuai, Wang, et al. (author)
  • Molecular phylogeny of Lymantriinae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea, Erebidae) inferred from eight gene regions
  • 2015
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 31:6, s. 579-592
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • To understand the evolutionary history of Lymantriinae and test the present higher-level classification, we performed the first broad-scale molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily, based on 154 exemplars representing all recognized tribes and drawn from all major biogeographical regions. We used two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S ribosomal RNA) and six nuclear genes (elongation factor-1α, carbamoylphosphate synthase domain protein, ribosomal protein S5, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and wingless). Data matrices (in total 5424 bp) were analysed by parsimony and model-based evolutionary methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference). Based on the results of the analyses, we present a new phylogenetic classification for Lymantriinae composed of seven well-supported tribes, two of which are proposed here as new: Arctornithini, Leucomini, Lymantriini, Orgyiini, Nygmiini, Daplasini trib. nov. and Locharnini trib. nov. We discuss the internal structure of each of these tribes and address some of the more complex problems with the genus-level classification, particularly within Orgyiini and Nygmiini.
  •  
27.
  • Liljeblad, Johan (author)
  • A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)
  • 2013
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 29, s. 466-542
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) is extremely diverse with an estimated 500000 species. We present the first phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily based on both morphological and molecular data. A web-based, systematics workbench mx was used to score 945 character states illustrated by 648 figures for 233 morphological characters for a total of 66645 observations for 300 taxa. The matrix covers 22 chalcidoid families recognized herein and includes 268 genera within 78 of 83 subfamilies. Morphological data were analysed alone and in combination with molecular data from ribosomal 18S (2105bp) and 28S D2-D5 expansion regions (1812bp). Analyses were analysed alone and in combined datasets using implied-weights parsimony and likelihood. Proposed changes in higher classification resulting from the analyses include: (i) recognition of Eriaporidae, revised status; (ii) recognition of Cynipencyrtidae, revised status; (iii) recognition of Azotidae, revised status; (iv) inclusion of Sycophaginae in Agaonidae, revised status; (v) reclassification of Aphelinidae to include Aphelininae, Calesinae, Coccophaginae, Eretmocerinae and Eriaphytinae; (vi) inclusion of Cratominae and Panstenoninae within Pteromalinae (Pteromalidae), new synonymy; (vii) inclusion of Epichrysomallinae in Pteromalidae, revised status. At a higher level, Chalcidoidea was monophyletic, with Mymaridae the sister group of Rotoitidae plus the remaining Chalcidoidea. A eulophid lineage was recovered that included Aphelinidae, Azotidae, Eulophidae, Signiphoridae, Tetracampidae and Trichogrammatidae. Eucharitidae and Perilampidae were monophyletic if Eutrichosomatinae (Pteromalidae) was included, and Eupelmidae was monophyletic if Oodera (Pteromalidae: Cleonyminae) was included. Likelihood recovered a clade of Eupelmidae+(Tanaostigmatidae+(Cynipencyrtus+Encyrtidae). Support for other lineages and their impact on the classification of Chalcidoidea is discussed. Several life-history traits are mapped onto the new phylogeny.
  •  
28.
  • Malm, Tobias, et al. (author)
  • Phylogeny of the symphytan grade of Hymenoptera: new pieces into the old jigsaw(fly) puzzle
  • 2015
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 31, s. 1-17
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The Hymenoptera constitutes one of the largest, and ecologically and economically most important, insect orders. During thepast decade, a number of hypotheses on the phylogenetic relationships among hymenopteran families and superfamilies have beenpresented, based on analyses of molecular and/or morphological data. Nevertheless, many questions still remain, particularly concerningrelationships within the hyperdiverse suborder Apocrita, but also when it comes to the evolutionary history of the ancestrallyherbivorous “sawfly” lineages that form the basal, paraphyletic grade Symphyta. Because a large part of the uncertaintyappears to stem from limited molecular and taxonomic sampling, we set out to investigate the phylogeny of Hymenoptera usingnine protein-coding genes, of which five are new to analyses of the order. In addition, we more than tripled the taxon coverageacross the symphytan grade, introducing representatives for many previously unsampled lineages. We recover a well supportedphylogenetic structure for these early herbivorous hymenopteran clades, with new information regarding the monophyly of Xyelidae,the placement of the superfamily Pamphilioidea as sister to Tenthredinoidea + Unicalcarida, as well as the interrelationshipsamong the tenthredinoid families Tenthredinidae, Cimbicidae, and Diprionidae. Based on the obtained phylogenies, and to preventparaphyly of Tenthredinidae, we propose erection of the tribe Heptamelini to family status (Heptamelidae). In particular, ourresults give new insights into subfamilial relationships within the Tenthredinidae and other species-rich sawfly families. Thee xpanded gene set provides a useful toolbox for future detailed analyses of symphytan subgroups, especially within the diversesuperfamily Tenthredinoidea.
  •  
29.
  • Morinière, Jérôme, et al. (author)
  • Anisomeriini diving beetles – an Atlantic-Pacific Island disjunction on Tristan da Cunha and Robinson Crusoe Island, Juan Fernández?
  • 2015
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Anisomeriini diving beetles contain only two enigmatic species, representing a remarkable disjunction between the Pacific Juan Fernández Islands (Anisomeria bistriata) and the South Atlantic Tristan da Cunha Archipelago (Senilites tristanicola). They belong to the Colymbetinae, which contain 140 species worldwide. Here we aim to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the Anisomerinii and use > 9000 bp DNA sequence data from 13 fragments of 12 loci for a comprehensive sampling of Colymbetinae species. Analyses under different optimization criteria converge on very similar topologies, and show unambiguously that Anisomeria bistriata andSenilites tristanicola belong to the Neotropical Rhantus signatus species group, a comparatively recent clade within Colymbetinae. Anisomeriini therefore are synonomized with Colymbetini and both species are transferred to Rhantus accordingly, resulting in secondary homonymy of Rhantus bistriatus (Brullé, 1835) with Rhantus bistriatus (Bergsträsser, 1778). We propose the replacement name Rhantus selkirki Jäch, Balke & Michat nom. nov. for the Juan Fernández species. Presence of these species on remote islands is therefore not relictary, but the result of more recent range expansions out of mainland South America. Finally, we suggest that Carabdytini should be synonymized with Colymbetini. Our study underpins the Hennigian principle that a natural classification can be derived only from the search for shared apomorphies between species, not from differences.
  •  
30.
  •  
31.
  • Swenson, Ulf, et al. (author)
  • Nothofagus biogeography revisited with special emphasis on the enigmatic distribution of subgenus Brassospora in New Caledonia
  • 2001
  • In: Cladistics. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 17:1, s. 28-47
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Dispersals versus vicariance events and the presence of subgenus Brassospora in New Caledonia are two riddles of Nothofagus biogeography, a genus also distributed in New Guinea, New Zealand, South America, Southeast Australia, and Tasmania, Within a cladistic framework using the software COMPONENT 2.0, we demonstrate that most parsimonious area cladograms (areagrams) sensu cladistic biogeography need not always be the most plausible explanation nor reflect alternative geological hypotheses, The most parsimonious Nothofagus history sensu historical biogeography is reconstructed where a minimum of dispersed taxa is hypothesized and vicariance events are identified. A fully resolved well-established Nothofagus phylogeny was reconciled with three geological hypotheses (geograms) of East Gondwana break-up: (a) the conventional view (b) an Australian-New Caledonian relationship, and (c) a biotic interchange between New Guinea and New Caledonia. Fossils determined to subgenus were optimized to the predicted lineages in the reconciled tree. Due to extensive extinctions, a maximum of three vicariance events are inferred, all being basal in the subgenera, an indication of subgeneric diversification prior to the break-up of Gondwana. Two taxa, N. gunnii and N. menziesii, are hypothesized as being long-distance dispersed, The most parsimonious solution suggests a close relationship between New Guinea and New Caledonia, supporting a Brassospora colonization route, but this hypothesis fails to predict numerous extinct lineages observed in the fossil record and thus must be rejected. The traditional break-up sequence of Gondwana is not the most parsimonious solution, indicating one incongruent node, but causes no overall incongruence with the fossil record, Considering all parameters, the occurrence of Brassospora in New Caledonia is most parsimoniously explained as a single colonization event from New Zealand where the subgenus subsequently went extinct in the Pliocene.
  •  
32.
  • Werdelin, Lars, et al. (author)
  • A comparison of two methods to study correlated discrete characters on phylogenetic trees
  • 1996
  • In: Cladistics. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 11, s. 265-277
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • We use a simulation approach to study two methods proposed for the analysis of correlated discrete characters on cladograms, the concentrated changes test (CCT) and the contingent states test (CST). Both of these consider the case where there is an independent and a dependent character and assign probabilities to various events in the dependent character given one or the other state of the independent character. The CCT gives different results for symmetric and asymmetric cladograms. In the latter case, the proportion of branches reconstructed as having the derived state has less influence on the resulting probabilities. The CST is only sensitive to the proportion of derived branches, regardless of whether the tree is symmetric or asymmetric. The CCT calculates probabilities by considering character state reconstructions which are not allowed by parsimony algorithms, thereby increasing the probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis (type I error rate). We discuss some alternative questions that could be studied using these tests and also derive equations for calculating the number of possible events in the dependent character for unresolved parts of the phylogeny.
  •  
33.
  • Yu, Sheng-Xiang, et al. (author)
  • Phylogeny of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) : integrating molecular and morphological evidence into a new classification
  • 2016
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0748-3007 .- 1096-0031. ; 32:2, s. 179-197
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Impatiens L. is one of the largest angiosperm genera, containing over 1000 species, and is notorious for its taxonomic difficulty. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus to date based on a total evidence approach. Forty-six morphological characters, mainly obtained from our own investigations, are combined with sequence data from three genetic regions, including nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid atpB-rbcL and trnL-F. We include 150 Impatiens species representing all clades recovered by previous phylogenetic analyses as well as three outgroups. Maximum-parsimony and Bayesian inference methods were used to infer phylogenetic relationships. Our analyses concur with previous studies, but in most cases provide stronger support. Impatiens splits into two major clades. For the first time, we report that species with three-colpate pollen and four carpels form a monophyletic group (clade I). Within clade II, seven well-supported subclades are recognized. Within this phylogenetic framework, character evolution is reconstructed, and diagnostic morphological characters for different clades and subclades are identified and discussed. Based on both morphological and molecular evidence, a new classification outline is presented, in which Impatiens is divided into two subgenera, subgen. Clavicarpa and subgen. Impatiens; the latter is further subdivided into seven sections.
  •  
34.
  • Stenroos, S, et al. (author)
  • High selectivity in symbiotic associations of lichenized ascomycetes and cyanobacteria
  • 2006
  • In: Cladistics. - 1096-0031. ; 22:3, s. 230-238
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The selectivity of mycobionts and cyanobionts in lichen symbioses were examined. We analyzed symbiotic cyanobionts, collected from different sample sites, and compared them to free-living cyanobacteria Nostoc. Cyanobionts were obtained from lichens assigned to the genera Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta, in particular. Multiple gene loci were screened and direct optimization was used in the phylogenetic analyses. We show that many lichen fungi are strongly selective towards their cyanobionts. Lichenized ascomycetes seem to be able to identify and choose a specific strain, species or a species group of Nostoc with which to associate. The present analyses also suggest that some of the Nostoc taxa may be specialized in symbiotic life with only lichenized ascomycetes. Despite the selectivity observed in fungi, there appears to be no coevolution between the partners. We have also discussed the problems of using the tRNA(Leu) intron as a marker in phylogenetic analyses.
  •  
35.
  • Aguado, M. T., et al. (author)
  • Two apparently unrelated groups of symbiotic annelids, Nautiliniellidae and Calamyzidae (Phyllodocida, Annelida), are a clade of derived chrysopetalid polychaetes
  • 2013
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007. ; 29:6, s. 610-628
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Nautiliniellidae Miura and Laubier, 1989 is a small family of marine polychaetes with 20 currently described species in 11 genera, most of which are known to live symbiotically in the mantle cavity of bivalves, mainly from cold seeps and hydrothermal vents, while Calamyzidae (Hartmann-Schroder, 1971) including only one described species, Calamyzas amphictenicola Arwidsson 1932 lives as an ectoparasite on ampharetid polychaetes in Swedish waters. Nautiliniellidae and Calamyzidae have both been considered to belong to Phyllodocida, but the few phylogenetic studies including these taxa have found their positions unstable. The internal relationships within Nautiliniellidae are also poorly understood. Using molecular information from both nuclear and mitochondrial genes and morphological data we assessed the systematic placement of Nautiliniellidae (seven species; collected from Pacific hydrothermal vents and cold seeps and one from Atlantic waters) and Calamyzas amphictenicola. Our results show that C. amphictenicola and Nautiliniellidae formed a well-supported clade that is nested within Chrysopetalidae, a free-living group of polychaetes. The chrysopetalid genus Vigtorniella Kiseleva 1992; a bacterial mat grazer found at methane seeps, anoxic basins and whalefalls, formed a paraphyletic grade with respect to the Nautiliniellidae-Calamyzas clade. The internal relationships within the Nautiliniellidae-Calamyzas clade as well as the relationships with their hosts are also examined. As a result we synonymize Calamyzidae and Nautiliniellidae with Chrysopetalidae, with the last as the oldest available family-group name. Within Chrysopetalidae we refer to the subfamilies Chrysopetalinae Ehlers 1864; Dysponetinae Aguado, Nygren & Rouse, herein; and Calamyzinae Hartmann-Schroder, 1971. Calamyzinae contains C. amphictenicola, all taxa formerly in Nautiliniellidae, and the chrysopetalid genus Vigtorniella. (C) The Willi Hennig Society 2013
  •  
36.
  • Andrade, S. C. S., et al. (author)
  • Disentangling ribbon worm relationships: multi-locus analysis supports traditional classification of the phylum Nemertea
  • 2012
  • In: Cladistics. - : Wiley. - 0748-3007. ; 28:2, s. 141-159
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • The phylogenetic relationships of selected members of the phylum Nemertea are explored by means of six markers amplified from the genomic DNA of freshly collected specimens (the nuclear 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA genes, histones H3 and H4, and the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I). These include all previous markers and regions used in earlier phylogenetic analyses of nemerteans, therefore acting as a scaffold to which one could pinpoint any previously published study. Our results, based on analyses of static and dynamic homology concepts under probabilistic and parsimony frameworks, agree in the non-monophyly of Palaeonemertea and in the monophyly of Heteronemerta and Hoplonemertea. The position of Hubrechtella and the Pilidiophora hypothesis are, however, sensitive to analytical method, as is the monophyly of the non-hubrechtiid palaeonemerteans. Our results are, however, consistent with the main division of Hoplonemertea into Polystilifera and Monostilifera, the last named being divided into Cratenemertea and Distromatonemertea, as well as into the main division of Heteronemertea into Baseodiscus and the remaining species. The study also continues to highlight the deficient taxonomy at the family and generic level within Nemertea and sheds light on the areas of the tree that require further refinement.
  •  
37.
  • Bjorklund, M (author)
  • Are third positions really that bad? A test using vertebrate cytochrome b
  • 1999
  • In: CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0748-3007. ; 15:2, s. 191-197
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • In the analysis of coding DNA sequences for phylogenetic purposes 3rd positions are commonly downweighted, or excluded, and 2nd positions are likewise given high weight. The basis of this is a belief that the larger numbers of 3rd position substitutions i
  •  
38.
  • Bremer, B (author)
  • Combined and separate analyses of morphological and molecular data in the plant family Rubiaceae
  • 1996
  • In: CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0748-3007. ; 12:1, s. 21-40
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The Rubiaceae are one of the largest of the families of angiosperms, with over 10000 species. The tribal and subfamilial classification is provisional due to the lack of phylogenetic hypotheses. The present study of the Rubiaceae is based on 33 genera and
  •  
39.
  • BREMER, K (author)
  • BRANCH SUPPORT AND TREE STABILITY
  • 1994
  • In: CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON) LTD. - 0748-3007. ; 10:3, s. 295-304
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • Branch support is quantified as the extra length needed to lose a branch in the consensus of near-most-parsimonious trees. This approach is based solely on the original data, as opposed to the data perturbation used in the bootstrap procedure. If trees ha
  •  
40.
  • Garzón-Orduña, Ivonne J., et al. (author)
  • Wing pattern diversity in Eunica butterflies (Nymphalidae: Biblidinae) : phylogenetic analysis implies decoupled adaptive trends in dorsal sexual dimorphism and ventral eyespot evolution
  • In: Cladistics. - 0748-3007.
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Butterfly eyespots are wing patterns reminiscent of vertebrate eyes, formed by concentric rings of contrastingly coloured scales. Eyespots are usually located close to the wing margin and often regarded as the single most conspicuous pattern element of butterfly wing colour displays. Recent efforts to understand the processes involved in the formation of eyespots have been driven mainly by evo-devo approaches focused on model species. However, patterns of change implied by phylogenetic relationships can also inform hypotheses about the underlying developmental mechanisms associated with the formation or disappearance of eyespots, and the limits of phenotypic diversity occurring in nature. Here we present a combined evidence phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus Eunica, a prominent member of diverse Neotropical butterfly communities, that features notable variation among species in eyespot patterns on the ventral hind wing surface. The data matrix consists of one mitochondrial gene region (COI), four nuclear gene regions (GAPDH, RPS5, EF1a and Wingless) and 68 morphological characters. A combined cladistic analysis with all the characters concatenated produced a single most parsimonious tree that, although fully resolved, includes many nodes with modest branch support. The phylogenetic hypothesis presented corroborates a previously proposed morphological trend leading to the loss of eyespots, together with an increase in the size of the conserved eyespots, relative to outgroup taxa. Furthermore, wing colour pattern dimorphism and the presence of androconia suggest that the most remarkable instances of sexual dimorphism are present in the species of Eunica with the most derived eyespot patterns, and are in most cases accompanied by autapomorphic combinations of scent scales and “hair pencils”. We discuss natural and sexual selection as potential adaptive explanations for dorsal and ventral wing patterns.
  •  
41.
  •  
42.
  • Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al. (author)
  • Position and delineation of Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae (Annelida, polychaeta, Phyllodocida)
  • 1998
  • In: Cladistics-the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society. - 0748-3007. ; 14:2, s. 129-150
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Previous studies suggest that the polychaete taxa Hesionidae and Chrysopetalidae may not represent separate groups, that Pilargidae constitute a subgroup within Hesionidae, and that Hesionides and Microphthalmus are highly derived hesionids. Phylogenetic systematic analyses of Phyllodocida and the subgroup Nereidiformia are presented in order to clarify the position and delineation of these taxa. The phyllodicida analysis includes 18 families representing the majority of the taxa in the group, is rooted with Onuphidae, and is based on 42 absent/ present coded morphological characters, obtained mainly from literature. All 69 resulting shortest trees include the clade (Chrysopetalidae, Nereididae, Hesionidae), but with either Syllidae, Nautiliniellidae, Pilargidae or (Aphroditiformia, Pisionidae) as sister. In- and outgroup taxon selection for the Nereidiformia study is dictated by the outcome of Phyllodocida analysis, with scores based on examined species of two chrysopetalids, four hesionids, one nereid, one pilargid, one pisionid, one syllid, plus the putative hesionids Hesionides arenaria and Microphthalmus sp. It is based on 46 absent/present coded morphological characters. Two equally parsimonious trees indicate that chrysopetalids and hesionids are well delineated, that pilargids and hesionids are non-overlapping, and that Microphthalmus and Hesionides are not hesionids. (C) 1998 The Willi Hennig Society.
  •  
43.
  • Ronquist, F (author)
  • Fast Fitch-parsimony algorithms for large data sets
  • 1998
  • In: CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0748-3007. ; 14:4, s. 387-400
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • The speed of analytical algorithms becomes increasingly important as systematists accumulate larger data sets. In this paper I discuss several time-saving modifications to published Fitch-parsimony tree search algorithms, including shortcuts that allow ra
  •  
44.
  • Ronquist, F (author)
  • Three-dimensional cost-matrix optimization and maximum cospeciation
  • 1998
  • In: CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY. - : ACADEMIC PRESS LTD. - 0748-3007. ; 14:2, s. 167-172
  • Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
    • In recent years, event-based approaches have been gaining ground in coevolutionary and biogeographical inference. Unlike pattern-based methods, event-based protocols deal directly with evolutionary events, such as dispersals and host switches. Three proto
  •  
45.
  •  
46.
  • Stenroos, S, et al. (author)
  • Phylogeny of the genus Cladonia s.lat. (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycetes) inferred from molecular, morphological, and chemical data
  • 2002
  • In: Cladistics. - 1096-0031. ; 18:3, s. 237-278
  • Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Cladonia, including Cladina (Cladoniaceae, Lecanoromycetes), were reconstructed based upon simultaneous analyses of DNA sequences and morphological and chemical data. We used sequences from the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), the 5.8 rDNA gene, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the nuclear rDNA gene cluster, and partial sequences from the protein-coding beta-tubulin gene. The analyses included 235 specimens of 168 taxa representing all currently recognized sections of Cladonia and Cladina and the outgroup genera Cladia, Pycnothelia, and Rainalea. Analyses were performed using optimization alignment with three different parameter values. The results of all analyses support the inclusion of Cladina in Cladonia. The current sectional division of Cladonia was not supported, and a new provisional classification for the genus is proposed.
  •  
47.
  • Szabó, Zoltan, Associate professor, et al. (author)
  • Synthesis and biological activity of 4‐aikoxy‐ and 4‐ω‐aminoalkoxy‐2‐trichloromethylquinolines
  • 1991
  • In: Pesticide science. - : Wiley. - 0031-613X .- 1096-9063. ; 31:3, s. 263-271
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • A number of new 4‐alkoxy‐ and 4‐ω‐aminoalkoxy‐2‐trichloromethyl‐quinolines were synthesised and tested on insects, weeds and plant pathogens. Many of these compounds showed antifungal activity against different fungal species. Some compounds, IVa, IVb, IVc, Vb, Vc and VI, had interesting effects on Phycomycete fungi.
  •  
48.
  • Muhsin, Huda Ahmed, et al. (author)
  • Air pollution and increased number of psychiatric emergency room visits: A case-crossover study for identifying susceptible groups
  • 2022
  • In: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 204
  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
    • Background: Ambient particulate matter is a leading risk factor for disease globally. Particulate matter 10 (PM10) and particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) are derived from different sources, including operating motor vehicles as well as from industrial activities. In this study we investigate the association between increased concentrations of PM and total daily visits to the psychiatric emergency unit (PEV). Further, the aim is to identify specific risk groups who are more susceptible to the effects of air pollution exposure by studying sex, age, ongoing psychiatric follow-up and diagnoses of depression/anxiety or substance use.Material and methods: The sample was comprised of data from 2740 days to 81 548 PEVs at Sahlgrenska University Hospital in Gothenburg and daily mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5. A time-stratified case-crossover design was used to analyse associations between air pollution and PEVs.Results: Mean number of daily PEVs were 35 and sex distribution was even. PM exposure was associated with total PEV at lag 0 (the same day), by RR 1.016 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.004–1.028) and RR 1.020 (95%CI 1.003–1.038) per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 and PM2.5, respectively. In females, PEV were increased at lag 0 and lag 1, and in males at lag 1 and lag 2. In the age-stratified analysis, PEVs significantly increased following PM exposure amongst individuals aged 35–65 years by lag 0–2 and in individuals who had contact with outpatient care at lag 0 to lag 1. There were no associations between air pollution and PEVs for any specific diagnostic group evaluated (amongst depression, anxiety and substance use disorder).Conclusions: The results indicate that acute exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 may trigger acute worsening in mental health in both males and females, especially among 35–65 year old individuals. However, in subgroups of the most common psychiatric diagnoses, we did not observe statistically significant associations with PM exposure.
  •  
Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka
  • Result 1-48 of 48
Type of publication
journal article (45)
research review (2)
other publication (1)
Type of content
peer-reviewed (42)
other academic/artistic (6)
Author/Editor
Källersjö, Mari (4)
Pleijel, Fredrik, 19 ... (3)
Siddall, M. E. (3)
Jondelius, Ulf (2)
Werdelin, Lars (2)
Wahlberg, Niklas (2)
show more...
Aguado, M.T. (2)
Nygren, Arne, 1971 (2)
Rouse, G. W. (2)
Björklund, Mats (2)
Tehler, Anders (2)
Thell, Arne (2)
Bergsten, Johannes, ... (2)
Backlund, Anders (2)
Schwartz, M. (1)
Szabo, Zoltan, Assoc ... (1)
Abarenkov, Kessy (1)
Antonelli, Alexandre ... (1)
Ryberg, Martin, 1976 (1)
Larsson, Ellen, 1961 (1)
Nilsson, R. Henrik, ... (1)
Larsson, Karl-Henrik ... (1)
Janssens, Steven B. (1)
Wallberg, Andreas (1)
Erséus, Christer, 19 ... (1)
Hansson, Christer (1)
Thiel, M. (1)
Nylin, Sören (1)
Wang, Wei (1)
Wedin, Mats (1)
Steingrimsson, Stein ... (1)
Kajihara, H. (1)
Sundberg, Per, 1950 (1)
Malm, Tobias (1)
Norenburg, J. L. (1)
Dahlgren, Thomas G., ... (1)
Anderberg, Arne A. (1)
Englund, Markus (1)
Rydin, Catarina (1)
Oudin, Anna (1)
Thollesson, Mikael (1)
Oudin Åström, Daniel (1)
ANDRADE, S.C.S (1)
Turbeville, J.M (1)
Giribet, G (1)
Strand, Malin, 1970 (1)
Chen, Hai-Xia (1)
von Dohren, J. (1)
Sun, S. C. (1)
Junoy, J. (1)
show less...
University
Uppsala University (16)
University of Gothenburg (10)
Swedish Museum of Natural History (8)
Lund University (7)
Stockholm University (5)
Umeå University (3)
show more...
Södertörn University (2)
Linnaeus University (2)
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (2)
Royal Institute of Technology (1)
show less...
Language
English (46)
Undefined language (2)
Research subject (UKÄ/SCB)
Natural sciences (37)
Medical and Health Sciences (2)

Year

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

 
pil uppåt Close

Copy and save the link in order to return to this view