| 1. |
- Holmdahl, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Web-supported product concept development
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings ICED 05, the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design. - Barton, ACT : Engineers Australia. - 9780858257887 - 0858257882 - 1904670008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Web-based activities are becoming more and more common. Telephoning free of charge over the Internet (IP - Internet Protocol) has become much used within a short period of time. In a similar way videoconferences can be held in an inexpensive way over the Internet. Equally, radio and TV broadcasting over Internet will become more and more common. It should be possible to use inexpensive web-based support both during the creation of a new product concept and during the following product development. However, two types of dilemma exist: the mental problem and technological problems. In tests in late 2004 and early 2005 we have found that mentally related problems seem to be the most difficult ones to overcome as most people found it of outmost importance to meet in person to be creative. We have also experienced that the technology still is not good enough for combined IP-based meetings. However, the latter is a technology problem that seems easier to be solved. We have experienced that using web-based support can be beneficial in many ways. We believe that in the future the web will be used even in the creative process to bring forward product concepts. As it offers global cooperation without expensive and time consuming travelling, it is of great interest to innovative enterprises.
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| 2. |
- Motte, Damien, et al.
(författare)
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Elements for improving the teaching of the later phases of the mechanical engineering design process
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design - ICED'05. - 0858257882 - 1904670008 ; DS 35
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction During the embodiment design and detail design phase, the designer has at his disposal a set of tools and techniques that him or her through the synthesis activity: basic rules, guidelines and principles (see [1]), but in the literature there are general design processes that help the designer to organize their work (e.g. [1]), but not at a very operational level. From a previous study [2], it has been observed that professional designer followed, though loosely, a determined process, while students had more difficulty at the operational level when dealing with the embodiment design and detail design activities. Thus, this year an embodiment design and detail design process method was introduced to the students.This study presents whether the introduction of this process led to an increase in students' effectiveness and efficiency, and thus whether this process has a place in the teaching of the later phases of the mechanical engineering design process. Methodology The analysis was made through the combined use of a design project reports review and a verbal protocol study. The verbal protocol study consisted of two sets of experiments: students performed a design task under experimental conditions before and after the course. A third set of experiments in which last years' students participated for an earlier study was also used. The analysis consisted of three phases. First we examined whether the students had assimilated the design process. From the analysis of the design project reports, the students' understanding level for each step of the process and the whole process was assessed. The assessment was further refined by means of the study of the verbal protocols. Increase in effectiveness was studied by means of comparing the students that did perform the experiments after the course with last years' students, who had not been taught any embodiment design and detail design process. Finally, increase in efficiency was measured by testing whether there was a correlation between the design process quality and the design result quality. Results and discussion By and large, the students understood the process. The elements of the process whose teaching needs to be first improved are, according to this study, the steps related to solution searching and solution evaluation. The introduction of a structured embodiment design and detail design process method to the students increased students' effectiveness for certain steps of the design process introduced: problem specification and decomposition; criteria specification. The students went faster and earlier to more concrete solutions and avoided useless feedback loops, which ensured a decreased design time. There is no correlation between the design process observed and the design results, but the heuristics "think in terms of standard components" seems to have an important impact on the results. The combined use of design project reports review and verbal protocol study was adapted to the objectives of this study. However, some steps should be investigated with deeper, specific experiments. An additional result of this study is that a structured process is actually requested by the students, who feel sometimes the need for clues and guidance during the design activity. As observed in [2], professional designers also sometimes needed guidance in their design activity that would have led to a faster process. This requires further investigation, but it seems that a design process that focuses on facilitating the design activity, on reported problems and weaknesses, could lead indirectly to the increase of efficiency and effectiveness. References [1] Pahl G., Beitz W., "Engineering Design – A systematic approach" (2nd Rev. Ed.), Springer, London, 1996. [2] Motte D., Andersson P.-E., Bjärnemo R., "A Study of the Mechanical Designer's Strategies and Tactics During the Later Phases of the Engineering Design Process", Proceedings of the DTM/ASME, Salt Lake City, 2004.
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| 3. |
- Bylund, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Usability in industry of methods from design research
- 2003
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Ingår i: Research for practice - innovation in products, processes and organisations. - Glasgow : Design Research Society. - 1904670008 ; , s. 631-632
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Cederfeldt, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Design Automation Systems in SMEs : Current State, Potential, Need and Requirements
- 2005
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Ingår i: Engineering Design and the Global Economy. - 0858257882
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To ensure and improve the competitiveness of SMEs acting in an environment of distributed engineering and globalisation, four important factors are low cost, short lead-time, improved product performance, and the possibility to adapt products to different costumer specifications. One way of gaining these competitive advantages is to adopt an approach where products are based on prepared design. If some of the work related to these products and design tasks are automated, the design process can become more effective and efficient. This allows for shortened lead-time of product designs, cost estimates (Elgh and Sunnersjö, 2003), more optimised product designs, and customer tailoring, while giving the designers more time for creative problem solving. Companies have to consider the advantages of design automation, its realisation and implementation, as well as its applicability. Other issues of importance are: scope of implementation, how far to push the automation level, procedure for development, identification of information needed, definition of information models (Elgh, 2004), strategy and procedure for handling and storing design process information (Cederfeldt, 2004), selection of suitable application software (Amen et al, 1999), initial cost, maintenance cost, and the use of internal and external expertise. To support companies in choosing appropriate type and level of design automation, there is a need to address the important questions about potential, wishes, requirements, constraints and actual need of design automation. This paper addresses these questions from a SME standpoint. Other issues addressed are the current state of design automation in industry and the companies’ views regarding some important aspects and criteria of design automation characteristics, realisation and implementation.
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| 5. |
- Cederfeldt, Mikael, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Solid Modelling With Dimensional and Topological Variability
- 2003
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Ingår i: ICED03. - Glasgow : The Design Society.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the advent of commercial solid modelling systems some fifteen years ago the opportunity for three-dimensional parametric geometry was opened to industry. Today solid modelling systems are the dominating CAD tool among advanced engineering companies, but despite the time and money saving implications, industry has been slow to exploit the parametric capabilities of these systems.One reason for the slow adoption of parametric modelling is that originally many solid modellers suffered from lack of stability under parametric changes. This situation is now changed and if a model in a modern CAD system collapses, this is usually due to modelling deficiencies rather than numerical failures. Straightforward dimensional variations rarely cause any problems, but to fully exploit the parametric capability for complex features with a variable topology, there is a need for a systematic approach to build stable and purposeful parametric models.The purpose of this work is to discuss how different modelling approaches relate to the ease of use and robustness of the CAD model in terms of creating variants and product families. We use the term Design for Variability, DFV, for a modelling approach that ensures that parametric models are well suited for variation design.
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| 6. |
- Elgh, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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An Automatic Cost Estimating System for Variant Design Based on the Method of Successive Calculus
- 2003
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Ingår i: Research for Practice - Innovations in Products, Processes and Organisations. - Glasgow : The Design Society. - 1904670008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many products, the adaption to customer specifications is essential and requires flexible product design and manufacture while maintaining competitive pricing. A large category of design work in industry has the character of the redesigning of an existing product concept in terms of dimensional changes, topology variations and the configuration of components. In order to evaluate design proposals, costs, controlled by the product design, selected materials and manufacturing processes, need to be estimated. Cost estimates are normally based on the manufacturing process plans. They, in turn, can only be formed when production preparation is finalised. The widespread industrial use of solid modelling opens up new possibilities for automating this process. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate and test a method of extracting product information from a CAD model in order to allow process planning and cost calculation to be carried out automatically for a given class of products. With such a system, cost estimates can be made available to the designer the instant a design proposal has been presented. This allows design iterations to be carried out, in order to govern the design work towards solutions with an optimal balance between product and production properties.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Improvning the design process by integrating design analysis
- 2005
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 0858257882 ; DS 35
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common denominator in most design literature is the goal of improving methods and techniques for the design process, thus contributing to increased efficiency of the design activities. It is a striking fact that the majority of the improvements suggested focus solely on qualitative methods and techniques, thereby neglecting to recognize the improvement potential inherent in quantitative methods and techniques. At the Division of Machine Design at Lund University, a number of research projects have been carried out with the objective of introducing computer based design analysis early in the design process – see e.g. Bjärnemo et al. [4] and Eriksson [1]. In the paper presented here, a case in terms of a “one-off” product will be elaborated on in some detail to demonstrate the benefits of employing design analysis throughout the design process. The overall objective is to provide an insight into the necessity of computer based, quantitative methods and techniques throughout the design process, contributing to the establishment of a balanced product design process. A one-off design from the semiconductor industry will exemplify, and prove, that the design process will be improved by the integration of design analysis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Hallander, Ingrid, 1967-
(författare)
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Life cycle value in product development : a case study in the transportation industry
- 2003
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Ingår i: DS 31: Proceedings of ICED 03, the 14th International Conference on Engineering Design, Stockholm. - Stockholm, Sweden : ICED'03. - 1904670008 ; , s. 417-418
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Several factors prevent enterprises from having a holistic perspective during product development. Important aspects include increased product complexity and significant uncertainty with regard to technology. For products with a long life cycle this is extremely important since development and life cycle costs are high. The combination of complexity of system design and the limits of individual human comprehension typically make it difficult to envision a best value solution.In an attempt to encircle a more holistic perspective of value, the concept of Life Cycle Value has evolved within the Lean Aerospace Initiative, LAI. The implication of this is development of products incorporating life cycle and long-term focus including cost and performance and reliability factors. A similar perspective has evolved within the Lean Aircraft Research Program, LARP, in Sweden.This paper contributes a new study of how life cycle aspects are taken into consideration in a large corporation in the transportation industry. The purpose of the research was to examine relative contributions to product development and determine factors that significantly promote the ability to consider the life cycle perspective. The results will be discussed with respect to tools, methods, requirements, metrics, leadership and other organizational factors, innovation, and enterprise relationships.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Lindahl, Mattias, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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An application of a service design tool at a global warehouse provider
- 2005
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Ingår i: ICED 05. - 0858257882 ; , s. 2967-2978
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of 'sustainable development', introduced for the first time in the report 'Our Common Future' and promoted as a common aim for the entire world, can be defined as 'a development that satisfies the needs of today without compromising the possibility of future generations to fulfill their needs.' Thus far, this concept has been considered as visionary and therefore difficult for companies to implement into concrete plans of action. However, various suggestions have been proposed, such as dematerialization, ecoefficiency and remanufacturing. However, another solution is perhaps more or less a consequence of today's prevalent trend towards a more service-oriented society, and with a focus on the value (satisfaction) that products provide their users through their functionality. The shift from a manufacturing-centered economy towards a service-centered economy have the potential to result in a reduction of the mass consumption of natural resources. Sustainable development is, in a company perspective, not only related directly to environmental issues, as in the definition above, but also in the company's capacity for sustainable market competition. The sharp and rapid increase in global raw material prices, however, is a threat to this; one way to decrease this influence is to reduce the need for raw materials.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Löfstrand, Magnus, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Demands on engineering design culture for implementing functional products
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings ICED 05, the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design, Melbourne, Australia, 15.-18.08.2005. - Glasgow, United Kingdom : The Design Society. - 0858257882 ; , s. 172-173
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial product development focused companies, such as car manufacturers, have traditionally developed and sold hardware products. In professional business-to-business relations, the integration of hardware and software with services has been identified as a shift in focus in the seller-buyer relationship from hardware development to function development and the way a sustainable economic performance could be achieved. Therefore, the common perception today of where the product is mainly hardware only, needs to be expanded to include a definition where it does not even have to have any hardware at all. Expanding the product definition therefore places additional demands on the design and development of hardware, software and services that may all be part of the functional product. Further, this article discusses how customer requirements need to be handled when developing a total offer in the form of a functional product. Finally, the traits needed in the engineer who is to develop it while being part of amulti-cultural team are discussed, possibly a geographically distributed team.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Sivard, Gunilla
(författare)
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AN INTEGRATED ARCHITECTURE FOR FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS
- 2003
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING DESIGNICED 03 STOCKHOLM, AUGUST 19-21, 2003. - 1904670008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing trend in industry of selling services in addition to physical products. Infunctional sales, companies sell the service of delivering the function of the product asopposed to selling the product itself. While there is a long tradition of structured developmentand management of purely physical goods, there is a lack of such methods for services, andfor the mixture of service and goods - so called functional products.This paper describes an effort of defining a formal model of services, contributing to theefforts of structuring, visualizing and managing functional products in analogue with purelyphysical products.A modular architecture for services is presented, based on the paradigm of defining servicesas discrete, decomposable activities. Sub activities, so called service modules, are described interms of the activity’s properties and interfaces to other service modules. Since the method isbased on principles for uncoupled design, it provides support for creating transparent andflexible architectures with a minimum of built in dependencies between functions and theirphysical implementation.The service module aggregation and representation principles are described in relation to anindustrial distribution case.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Törlind, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Towards true collaboration in global design teams?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings ICED 05, the 15th International Conference on Engineering Design. - Barton : Institution of Engineers, Australia. - 0858257882
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today’s collaboration tools can support formal meetings to a certain extent, though there is still an immense potential for improvement when it comes to designing virtual and physical places where global design teams can collaborate in more ‘natural’ ways than existing distributed environments allow. One challenge for global product development is to support true collaboration within global design teams, where diversity and competences of the whole team can be utilized and where team members can think together rather then merely exchange information, opinions and divide work. This paper summarizes the results of several case studies and development projects performed within the Polhem Laboratory over the last four years and proposes challenges for future research. From our findings some of the most important challenges are how to support users with communication tools for more natural formal and informal communication (i.e. as a co-located team communicates), while automatically storing information and context from the distributed meetings.
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| 22. |
- Wilhelms, Sören, 1973-
(författare)
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A conceptual design support system using principle solution elements
- 2003
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Ingår i: 14th International Conference on Engineering Design: Research for Practice - Innovative Products, Processes and Organisations. - Glasgow : The Design Society. - 1904670008 ; , s. 295-296
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The parametric modelling paradigm has become important in shape design and simulation. A prerequisite for product development with an integrated digital model is the availability of parametric models even for early design stages. This paper presents a parametric information model for conceptual design, consisting of requirements, hierarchical functions, function structure, principle solution elements and concepts, and a computer tool prototype based on the model.
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