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- Allgulander, Christer, et al.
(author)
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Efficacy of venlafaxine ER in patients with social anxiety disorder : A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison with paroxetine
- 2004
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 19:6, s. 387-396
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study evaluated the anxiolytic efficacy, safety and tolerability of a flexible dose of venlafaxine extended release (ER) compared with placebo and paroxetine in the short-term treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD). Adult outpatients with generalized SAD (n=434) were randomized to receive capsules of venlafaxine ER 75 mg to 225 mg/day, paroxetine 20 mg to 50 mg/day, or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the Liebowitz social anxiety scale total score. Secondary efficacy variables included the patient-rated social phobia inventory and the proportion of responders in each group (a responder was defined as having a clinical global impression-improvement score of 1 or 2). Treatment with venlafaxine ER was associated with significantly greater improvement than treatment with placebo for all primary and secondary efficacy variables (p<0.05). No significant differences in primary or secondary efficacy variables were observed between the venlafaxine ER and paroxetine groups. The week 12 response rates were 69%, 66% and 36% for the venlafaxine ER, paroxetine and placebo groups, respectively. Both active treatments were generally well tolerated and were associated with a similar incidence of adverse events. This study shows that venlafaxine ER is an effective, safe and well-tolerated drug treatment for SAD.
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- Gunnarsson, Tove, 1956-, et al.
(author)
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Cholecystokinin peptides in cerebrospinal fluid : a pilot study in hypothyroid patients
- 1999
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 14:2, s. 113-117
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) and the sulphated octapeptide (CCK-8) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid obtained from nine hypothyroid patients before and during L-thyroxine treatment. Before treatment, CCK-4 and CCK-8S correlated negatively with S-TSH, whereas CCK-8S also showed a positive correlation with S-T3. During treatment, S-T4 correlated negatively with CCK-8S. CSF collection time was significantly shorter during treatment than prior to treatment for the first (0–6 ml) CSF fraction. On taking CSF collection time into account, the levels of both CCK-4 and CCK-8S in the first CSF fraction were significantly increased during medication. Our results are consistent with an impact of the hypothyroid disorder and L-thyroxine treatment on the disposition of CCK compounds in CSF. This might be due to an altered CSF circulation, but other mechanisms (e.g. metabolism or elimination) cannot be ruled out.
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- Knott, V.J., et al.
(author)
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Acute cholecystokinin effects on event-related potentials in healthy volunteers
- 2002
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 17:6, s. 285-291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigated the effects of a continuous slow infusion of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4), a neuropeptide with panicogenic properties, on brain event-related potentials (ERPs) in healthy adults. Twenty-four volunteers, 15 females and 9 males, were assigned to infusion with either placebo or CCK-4 in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group design. ERPs, elicited within a standard auditory odd-ball paradigm requiring the counting of rare (20%) occurring 'deviant' tones interspersed among more frequent (80%) occurring 'standard' tones, were assessed once before infusion, and at 10 min and 40 min after the onset of infusion. Compared with the placebo, CCK-4 delayed the latencies of N100 and P200 components elicited by 'deviant' stimuli. No significant treatment differences were observed with respect to N200, P300b, mood or adverse symptoms. These preliminary findings suggest that CCK-4 may interfere with information processing relating to the selection of significant stimulating and as such, may be of relevance to mechanisms underlying panic disorder. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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- Lindgren, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Directed forgetting, event-related potentials and nicotine
- 1999
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 14, s. 19-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fifteen male users of oral snuff performed a directed forgetting task after over-night abstinence and after administration of oral snuff. Directed forgetting tasks use cues to classify items for differential reporting at test, emphasising the need for strategic encoding. Recognition was better after nicotine administration, but we found no evidence for greater strategic control, as hypothetically reflected in successful compliance with the directed forgetting instructions. Reaction time decreased after nicotine administration. Performance among fifteen controls was unaffected over two sessions.
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| 14. |
- Lindgren, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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Effects of nicotine in visual attention tasks
- 1996
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 11, s. 47-51
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thirty-five male volunteers (18 nicotine-users and 17 controls) participated in an experiment where a flanker task and a search task were used. It was hypothesized that if nicotine affects selective attention, effects of distracting flanker stimuli should be diminished, and effects of allocation strategies in the search task should be more marked. Nicotine-users performed the tasks after an over-night abstinence, and after administration of oral snuff. In both tasks nicotine users improved more than controls, but there was no indication of nicotine effects on selective attention in either task. Our results point towards a non-specific arousing effect of nicotine.
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- Melkersson, Kristina I., et al.
(author)
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Impact of serotonin receptor 2A gene haplotypes on C-peptide levels in clozapine- and olanzapine-treated patients
- 2010
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 13, s. 204-204
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Antagonism at the serotonin receptor 2A by the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine has been suggested to be linked to these drugs' adverse effects on glucose-insulin homeostasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of haplotypes based on the main functionally characterized polymorphisms of the serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) gene on parameters related to the glucose metabolism in clozapine-and olanzapine-treated patients. Methods Forty-nine patients, with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and treated with clozapine (n = 22) or olanzapine (n = 27), were evaluated for fasting levels of C-peptide, insulin and blood glucose, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and body mass index (BMI), and genotyped for the -1438A/G, -783A/G, 102T/C, and His452Tyr polymorphisms of the HTR2A gene. Results About 50% of the patients had elevated levels of C-peptide (>0.68 nmol/L) and insulin (>= 79 pmol/L). However, patients carrying the haplotype [-1438A, -783A, 102T, 452Tyr] had significantly lower C-peptide levels compared with patients not carrying this haplotype (p = 0.039), despite no differences in blood glucose, HOMA-IR or BMI between the patient groups. Conclusion Our results indicate that patients with the HTR2A haplotype [-1438A, -783A, 102T, 452Tyr] are less likely to develop metabolic abnormalities like C-peptide and insulin elevations during clozapine and olanzapine treatment. Copyright (C) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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- Phol, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Clinical and biochemical observations during treatment of depression with electroacupuncture : A pilot study
- 2002
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 17:7, s. 345-348
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Six patients suffering from major depression were treated with electroacupuncture. During 4 weeks of treatment, the total CPRS-S-A score decreased from 23.8 to 13.4 (p = 0.0095). A decrease of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in plasma during the first 2 weeks of treatment was noted in five of the patients, all being women (p = 0.0431). The decrease was negatively correlated with age (rs = -0.29, p = 0.046). The results are in line with a putative antidepressive effect of electroacupuncture, along with an influence on NPY in plasma. Copyright ⌐ 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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- Reis, Margareta, et al.
(author)
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Serum disposition of sertraline, N-desmethylsertraline and paroxetine : a pharmacokinetic evaluation of repeated drug concentration measurements during 6 months of treatment for major depression
- 2004
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 19:5, s. 283-291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sertraline and paroxetine are frequently prescribed SSRIs for long-term treatment of major depression. Nevertheless, continuous follow-ups of drug concentrations prevailing in patients during the whole treatment period are not available. Hence, in a large phase IV clinical trial, a total of 353 patients with major depression were enrolled for a 6-month comparison of sertraline (50–150 mg daily) and paroxetine (20–60 mg daily). The present study reports the pharmacokinetic results of up to eight serum samples per patient.1 A profound variability was found in the interindividual steady state and trough serum levels of sertraline, desmethylsertraline and paroxetine: the coefficient of variation (CV) was 59% for sertraline, 51% for desmethylsertraline, 27% for the ratio desmethylsertraline/sertraline (50 mg/day), and 71% for paroxetine (20 mg/day). The intraindividual CV for the ratio desmethylsertraline/sertraline was only 19%, indicating intraindividual metabolizing stability over time. Both sertraline and paroxetine displayed sex differences in the dose-concentration correlation.2 It was possible to predict sertraline, but not paroxetine, steady state levels.3 The terminal elimination t½ for both drugs after 6 months of treatments was similar to data previously reported from short-term withdrawal studies.4 No correlation between serum drug concentrations and clinical effect was detected for either sertraline or paroxetine.For the future, continuous efforts are warranted to perform PK investigations in the natural clinical setting in which the drugs are usually prescribed.
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| 22. |
- Reutfors, Johan, et al.
(author)
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Suicide risk and antipsychotic side effects in schizophrenia : nested case-control study.
- 2016
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In: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 31:4, s. 341-345
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: This study explores suicide risk in schizophrenia in relation to side effects from antipsychotic medication.METHODS: Among patients with a first clinical discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Stockholm County between 1984 and 2000 (n = 4000), those who died by suicide within 5 years from diagnosis were defined as cases (n = 84; 54% male). For each case, one individually matched control was identified from the same population. Information on antipsychotic side effects, including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and akathisia, as well as prescriptions of anticholinergic medication, was retrieved from clinical records in a blinded fashion. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between suicide and side effects as well as anticholinergic medication were estimated using conditional logistic regression.RESULTS: A lower suicide risk was found in patients with a history of EPS (aOR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.94). There was no statistically significant association between akathisia or anticholinergic medication use and the suicide risk.CONCLUSIONS: A lower suicide risk identified among patients with EPS could potentially reflect higher antipsychotic adherence, exposure to higher dosage, or polypharmacy among these patients.
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- Vares, Maria, et al.
(author)
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Concomitant medication of psychoses in a lifetime perspective
- 2011
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In: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 26:4-5, s. 322-331
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective Patients treated with antipsychotic drugs often receive concomitant psychotropic compounds. Few studies address this issue from a lifetime perspective. Here, an analysis is presented of the prescription pattern of such concomitant medication from the first contact with psychiatry until the last written note in the case history documents, in patients with a diagnosis of psychotic illness. Methods A retrospective descriptive analysis of all case history data of 66 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychotic disorders. Results Benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related anxiolytic drugs had been prescribed to 95% of the patients, other anxiolytics, sedatives or hypnotic drugs to 61%, anti-parkinsonism drugs to 86%, and antidepressants to 56% of the patients. However, lifetime doses were small and most of the time patients had no concomitant medication. The prescribed lifetime dose of anti-parkinsonism drugs was associated with that of prescribed first-generation but not second-generation antipsychotics. Conclusions Most psychosis patients are sometimes treated with concomitant drugs but mainly over short periods. Lifetime concomitant add-on medication at the individual patient level is variable and complex but not extensive. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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