| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Adawi, Diya, et al.
(författare)
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Safety of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (strain 299v) in an endocarditis animal model
- 2002
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 14:1, s. 50-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Lactobacilli are often considered to be beneficial or non-pathogenic to man, with small numbers of human infections being reported, including septicemia and infective endocarditis. To verify the safety of Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (=strain 299v) administration, we used a well-known endocarditis animal model. Design: Experimental study using Sprague-Dawley rats. Setting: University Hospital, Sweden. Interventions: A catheter was passed down the right common carotid artery into the lumen of the left ventricle. The catheter was tied in place and the neck incision was closed. After 48 h, 0.5 ml of a bacterial suspension was injected through the tail vein. In the endocarditis control we inoculated Staphylococcus lugdunesis CCUG 25349T (T = type strain) and L. plantarum 299v was injected in the blood in L. plantarum group. Main outcome measures: Rats were sacrificed 96 h later and samples were taken from the heart, blood and catheter for bacterial culture and Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) evaluation. Results: L. plantarum 299v was injected in the blood but no lactobacilli were found in the heart, blood or catheter after 96 h. RAPD evaluation showed that S. lugdunesis CCUG 25349T was isolated from both blood and heart. Conclusion: The results showed that L. plantarum 299v has no role in the tested endocarditis animal model, which indicates the safety of L. plantarum 299v.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berggren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intestinal function, microflora and nutrient intake of children after administration of a fermented oat product containing Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (299v)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 15:4, s. 160-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to evaluate the intestinal tolerance of a newly developed food containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, in children. The effects of consumption of the product on the children's nutrient intake were also followed, in a separate study. The tolerance study was parallel, double-blind, and included 69 children between 6 months and 3 years of age, randomized into two groups. One of the groups consumed a fermented oat product (1×109 cfu L. plantarum 299v/g) for 3 weeks, while the other group consumed a placebo product. We analysed the subjects by intention to treat and also carried out an analysis of subjects who had a mean intake of >100 g study product per day. After consumption for 3 weeks, the content of L. plantarum 299v in faeces increased significantly in the test group compared with the placebo group (p<0.001) and mean log10 cfu/g was 8.7 (intention to treat analysis). Also, the total content of lactobacilli increased and was significantly higher compared with the placebo group (p<0.001). The same result was also obtained when the data for the subjects who had a higher consumption of the study products were analysed. There were no differences in reported gastrointestinal function between the groups. The effects of the fermented oat product on the children's nutrient intake were followed in 12 children aged 1-3 years. Inclusion of the fermented oat product that was enriched with iron and ascorbic acid led to a significantly higher intake of several nutrients like energy, carbohydrates (g, E%), dietary fibre, iron and zinc. In conclusion, the children tolerated the fermented oat product well, the faecal microflora was positively altered and the children's nutritional intake was improved. Keywords: children, microflora, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, probiotic bacteria, intestinal tolerance, nutrient intake.
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| 7. |
- Dahlgren, AL, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori - a friend in times of need?
- 2011
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Ingår i: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- de la Cochetiére, Marie France, et al.
(författare)
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3-Hydroxy fatty acids in faeces of patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis as a non-invasive diagnostic approach
- 2007
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 19, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microbiota is part of the gastrointestinal ecosystem. A more detailed understanding should provide insight into multiple human disease states. This study investigated inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). Previous analyses have suggested a role of gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli. An integrated procedure is presented where gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used to determine chemical markers of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (3-hydroxy fatty acids with 10-18 carbon atoms) in faecal samples. Six patients with Crohn's disease (CD), five with ulcerative colitis (UC) and six healthy adults were chosen as groups of interest. Nine saturated straight-chain 3-OH fatty acids of 10-18 carbon chain lengths and six iso- and anteiso-branched-chain 3-OH fatty acids of 15-18 carbon chain lengths were detected. Significant differences were found in the 3-OH n-C17:0, 3-OH i-C18:0 and 3-OH n-C18:0 composition of faeces. The present study therefore confirms that alteration of the composition of the endogenous gram-negative microbiota may be of importance in inflammatory bowel disease and those alterations could be detected with a non-invasive chemical-analytical approach.
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| 9. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Graf, Daniela, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of diet to the composition of the human gut microbiota.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Co-Action Publishing. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the human gut, millions of bacteria contribute to the microbiota, whose composition is specific for every individual. Although we are just at the very beginning of understanding the microbiota concept, we already know that the composition of the microbiota has a profound impact on human health. A key factor in determining gut microbiota composition is diet. Preliminary evidence suggests that dietary patterns are associated with distinct combinations of bacteria in the intestine, also called enterotypes. Western diets result in significantly different microbiota compositions than traditional diets. It is currently unknown which food constituents specifically promote growth and functionality of beneficial bacteria in the intestine. The aim of this review is to summarize the recently published evidence from human in vivo studies on the gut microbiota-modulating effects of diet. It includes sections on dietary patterns (e.g. Western diet), whole foods, food constituents, as wells as food-associated microbes and their influence on the composition of human gut microbiota. The conclusions highlight the problems faced by scientists in this fast-developing field of research, and the need for high-quality, large-scale human dietary intervention studies.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Midtvedt, Daniel, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Direct measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in the gastrointestinal tract of cod (Gadus morhua)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 21:3-4, s. 175-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: In mammals, the biological messenger nitric oxide (NO) is generated throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract from the reduction of dietary nitrate and nitrite. The aim of the present study was to investigate the amount of GI NO in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in relation to intake of food. Methods: A total of 28 cod were divided into 3 groups, fed at different times before the experiment (1 week, 1 day, and 3 h, respectively). Results: In the stomach, the measured NO concentrations were consistently higher in the group fed 3 h before the measurement, implying that the NO3-NO2-NO pathway is present in the stomach of cod. We also measured the NO concentration in the large intestine. Again, the values were higher in cod fed 3 h before the experiment. Conclusion: We conclude that NO is formed in the GI tract of cod, likely via the reduction of dietary nitrate and nitrite. The physiological importance of this NO production remains to be determined.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Midtvedt, T
(författare)
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What did we learn today?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microbial ecology in health and disease. - : Co-Action Publishing. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 26, s. 27908-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Osman, Nadia, et al.
(författare)
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Probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium affect the translocation and intestinal load of Enterobacteriaceae differently after D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats
- 2005
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 17:1, s. 40-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an acute liver injury model we compared the effects of different Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains on bacterial translocation, intestinal load of Enterobacteriaceae and the extent of liver injury. This was an experimental study carried out in an university hospital in Sweden. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: liver injury control and five groups of liver injury with administration of three different Lactobacillus and two Bifidobacterium strains (orally twice daily for 8 days). Liver injury was induced on the eighth day by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (1.1 g/kg body weight). The main outcome measures were samples collected 24 h after injury. Liver enzymes and bilirubin serum levels, bacterial translocation (to arterial and portal blood, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes), intestinal load of Enterobacteriaceae in relation to lactobacilli and the total bacterial load were evaluated and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of translocating bacteria was carried out. Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843, Lactobacillus gasseri 5B3 and Bifidobacterium infantis DSM 15158 decreased bacterial translocation to the liver compared with the liver injury control group. Lactobacillus paracasei DSM 13434 translocated to the liver. The Enterobacteriaceae count in the caecum decreased in the L. plantarum DSM 9843, L. gasseri 5B3, Bifidobacterium ‘urinalis’ 3B1 and B. infantis DSM 15158 groups, while all the administered probiotics decreased it in the colon. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin were significantly lower in the L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158 groups compared with the liver injury control group. All test strains except L. paracasei DSM 13434 inhibited translocation to the liver. Instead, L. paracasei was found in the liver and it also failed to decrease the load of Enterobacteriaceae in caecum. The best strains in protecting the liver during injury were L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158, as reflected by bilirubin and liver enzymes. Thus, there are major effectual differences between strains/species. In contrast, the phylogenetically most diverse strains, L. plantarum DSM 9843 and B. infantis DSM 15158, exercised the same effects.
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| 20. |
- Rodríguez, Juan Miguel, et al.
(författare)
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The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life
- 2015
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Ingår i: Microbiological Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 26
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The intestinal microbiota has become a relevant aspect of human health. Microbial colonization runs in parallel with immune system maturation and plays a role in intestinal physiology and regulation. Increasing evidence on early microbial contact suggest that human intestinal microbiota is seeded before birth. Maternal microbiota forms the first microbial inoculum, and from birth, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward an adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. Perinatal factors such as mode of delivery, diet, genetics, and intestinal mucin glycosylation all contribute to influence microbial colonization. Once established, the composition of the gut microbiota is relatively stable throughout adult life, but can be altered as a result of bacterial infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgical, and a long-term change in diet. Shifts in this complex microbial system have been reported to increase the risk of disease. Therefore, an adequate establishment of microbiota and its maintenance throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This review discusses recent studies on the early colonization and factors influencing this process which impact on health.
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| 21. |
- Rumpunen, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidative protection of dietary rosehips and polyphenol active lactobacilli in mice subjected to intestinal oxidative stress by ischemia reperfusion
- 2009
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 21, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in the intestines activates leukocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leads to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Rosehips have a high content of polyphenols and might prevent lipid peroxidation. SomeLactobacillusspecies are capable of degrading polyphenols to simpler and non-toxic constituents, sometimes with enhanced antioxidative capacity.Methods: A mixture of eight polyphenol activeLactobacillusstrains (LAB) were administered in feed together with rosehips ofRosa canina(RC) orRosa pimpinellifolia(RP) to mice to clarify the influence on I/R-induced injury of the intestinal tract. I/R injury was induced by holding the superior mesenteric artery clamped for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 240 min. Tissue and content from colon and cecum were analyzed.Results: Administration of LAB or RP significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in colonic tissue (p=0.007 andp=0.035, respectively). RC contained significantly higher concentrations of monomer and dimer aglycones, glycosides, and catechin than RP, while cyanidin-3-O-glycoside was significantly higher in RP. There was a tendency towards higher values of phenolics in the mice fed either of the two rose species in combination with bacterial mixture than the mice fed the rose species alone. Total antioxidative capacity and total phenolic content were higher in the groups fed rosehips in combination with LAB than rosehips alone, although these differences were not significant.Conclusion: LAB showed metabolic activity towards polyphenols in rosehips. There is an indication that LAB together with rosehips, especiallyR. pimpinellifolia, may prevent and suppress I/R injury in the intestines.Read More:http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08910600903429045
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Sepp, E, et al.
(författare)
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Development of intestinal microflora during the first month of life in Estonian and Swedish infants
- 2000
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Ingår i: Microbiological Ecology in Health and Disease. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 12:1, s. 22-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about possible regional differences in the development of the intestinal microflora in infants. The aim of the present study was therefore to compare the development of the microflora in Estonian and Swedish infants during the first month of life. The intestinal microflora of one week old and one month old Estonian (n = 20) and Swedish (n = 20) infants was studied by quantitative culture of faecal samples. All newborns were delivered vaginally and fed with breast milk during the first month of life. At one week of age the counts of aerobes (coagulase negative staphylococci, enterococci, enterobacteria) were higher in Estonian than in Swedish newborns. The counts of lactobacilli and candida increased in the Estonian infants over the first month of life, while the counts of enterobacteria increased in Swedish infants. At one month of age, the Estonian infants were more frequently colonised with lactobacilli than the Swedish infants and the counts were higher, our data indicate that previously described differences in intestinal microflora of Estonian and Swedish 1 to 2 year old children are present already at the first month of life.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Sinkiewicz, Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
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Occurrence of Lactobacillus reuteri in human breast milk
- 2008
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Ingår i: Microbiological Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 20, s. 122-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nature and role of human milk microbiota in the early colonization and protection of infants from infection is the subject of increasing research. This study investigated the occurrence of Lactobacillus reuteri in milk of nursing mothers living in rural or urban areas in different geografic locations. Breat milk samples were collected from 220 mothers, 6-32 days after delivery, and analysed for the presence of total lactobacilli and L. reuteri. In all, 50% of mothers from rural areas in Japan and Sweden were L. reuteri-positive, whereas mothers from urban areas in South Africa, Israel and Denmark had very low and non-detectable levels. Overall, 15% of mothers had detectable L. reuteri in their milk. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of total Lactobacillus or L. reuteri in women from rural and urban habitats in the participating countries.
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| 27. |
- Tjellström, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Faecal short-chain fatty acid pattern in childhood coeliac disease is normalised after more than one year's gluten-free diet
- 2013
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Ingår i: Microbiological Ecology in Health and Disease. - Järfälla, Sweden : Co-Action Publishing. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Recent work indicates that the gut microflora is altered in patients with coeliac disease (CD). Faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microflora. We have previously reported a high SCFA output in children with symptomatic and asymptomatic CD at presentation, as well as in CD children on a gluten-free diet (GFD) for less than 1 year, indicating deviant gut microfloral function. In this report, we focus on faecal SCFA production in coeliacs on GFD for more than 1 year.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Faecal samples were collected from 53 children with CD at presentation, 74 coeliac children on GFD for less than 1 year, and 25 individuals diagnosed with CD in childhood and on GFD for more than 1 year. The control group comprised 54 healthy children (HC). The faecal samples were analysed to show the SCFA pattern taken as a marker of gut microflora function. We applied a new fermentation index, reflecting the inflammatory activity of the SCFAs (amount of acetic acid minus propionic acid and n-butyric acid, together divided by the total amount of SCFAs).RESULTS: In coeliacs on GFD for more than 1 year, the individual SCFAs, total SCFA, and fermentation index did not differ significantly from the findings in controls. In contrast, the faecal SCFA level was clearly higher in coeliacs treated with GFD for less than 1 year compared to those more than 1 year.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study on SCFA patterns in faecal samples from individuals with CD on GFD for more than 1 year. Our study indicates that the disturbed gut microflora function in children with CD at presentation and after less than 1 year of GFD, previously demonstrated by us, is normalised on GFD for more than 1 year.
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| 28. |
- Wallensten, Anders
(författare)
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Influenza virus in wild birds and mammals other than man
- 2007
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Ingår i: Microbiological Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 19:2, s. 122-139
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Influenza virus is an RNA virus that exists as different types and subtypes. Influenza A virus strains are known to cause disease in several bird and mammalian species. Wild birds are believed to constitute the natural reservoir for influenza A virus. Influenza A virus has the ability to change through antigenic drift and recombination allowing for the emergence of new strains and subtype combinations. In man influenza A virus causes yearly seasonal epidemics and, at irregular intervals, pandemic outbreaks have had a devastating impact on mankind. For example, the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 is thought to have killed more than 50 million people. Influenza A virus is an important cause of disease in poultry, where virus strains of the H5 and H7 subtypes may change into forms that are highly pathogenic. These virus strains may transmit directly to man and multiple other species. This has been the case in the ongoing outbreak that started in South-east Asia in 2003. All known subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated from wild birds living in aquatic environments, mainly dabbling ducks. This review focuses on what is known about the pathogenicity and spread of influenza A virus in species other than man, with particular emphasis on the wild bird reservoir. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.
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| 29. |
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| 31. |
- BENBADIS, L, et al.
(författare)
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WORKING GROUP-VII - FOOD-PRODUCTS
- 1995
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Ingår i: MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. - 0891-060X. ; 8, s. S43-S44
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 35. |
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| 37. |
- Vásquez, A, et al.
(författare)
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Oral administration of lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains of intestinal and vaginal origin to healthy human females: re-isolation from faeces and vagina
- 2005
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Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - 0891-060X. ; 17:1, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The healthy vaginal ecosystem is maintained by the interaction of the vaginal epithelium and the microflora, where lactobacilli and occasionally bifidobacteria play an important role. Imbalances in the dominance of lactobacilli may lead to bacterial vaginosis or yeast vaginitis. Probiotics may be a means to secure a favourable microbial balance in the vagina and, as the normal vaginal flora ascends from the rectal mucosa, a convenient form of administration may be via the oral gastrointestinal route. Ten healthy women of different ages were orally administered a blend of 12 selected Lactobacillus strains and three Bifidobacterium strains originating from the intestine and the vagina. The daily dose of each Lactobacillus strain was 1-3×109 CFU and 1×108 to 1×109 CFU for each Bifidobacterium strain, and the doses were given in an oatmilk/blueberry drink. The treatment went on for 10 days. Samples of faeces and vaginal fluid were taken immediately before the administration was started, after 10 days of administration and 7 days after the termination of the administration. Five strains were recovered from faeces and three from the vagina after treatment. The test strains could be found in 9 of the 10 volunteers. L. plantarum strains, originally isolated from intestinal mucosa, were recovered from the vagina of five subjects after treatment. The L. plantarum strains, together with one strain of L. crispatus and one L. gasseri strain, were recovered from faeces.
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| 38. |
- Hedling, Erik
(författare)
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På bio i Shanghai
- 2014
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Ingår i: Axess. - 1651-0941. ; :6, s. 66-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Discussion of Zhang Yimou's film Coming Home.
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