| 1. |
- Agahi, N, et al.
(författare)
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Leisure activities and mortality: does gender matter?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 20:7, s. 855-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study examines the association between participation in leisure activities and mortality risk among older men and women. Methods: A representative sample of 1,246 men and women ages 65 to 95, interviewed in 1991-1992, were followed for 12 years. Cox regressions analyzed mortality risk. Results : Participating in only a few activities doubled mortality risk compared to those with the highest participation levels, even after controlling for age, education, walking ability, and other health indicators. Women had a dose-response relationship between overall participation and survival. Strong associations with survival were found for engagement in organizational activities and study circles among women and hobby activities and gardening among men. Discussion: Results suggest gender differences in the association between leisure activities and mortality. Women display a decreasing mortality risk for each additional activity. Social activities have the strongest effects on survival among women, whereas men seem to benefit from solitary activities.
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| 2. |
- Andel, R, et al.
(författare)
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Complexity of primary lifetime occupation and cognition in advanced old age
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 19:3, s. 397-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The authors explored the association between complexity of primary lifetime occupation and cognition in older adulthood. Method: The study included 386 participants from the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old, a nationally representative sample aged 77 years or older. The authors examined complexity of work with data, people, and things in relation to cognitive functioning, measured with a shortened version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and cognitive impairment based on MMSE score cutoff. Results: Complexity of work with data and people were associated with better MMSE scores, controlling for age, sex, childhood socioeconomic status, and education. The association between complexity of work with data and MMSE remained statistically significant when adult occupational status was substituted for education as a covariate. Discussion: Complexity of primary lifetime occupation may be reflected in cognitive functioning even in advanced old age. This effect may be independent of education or occupational status.
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| 3. |
- Berg, Stig, et al.
(författare)
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The use of psychoactive medications and cognitive function i older adults
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 8:1, s. 136-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the relationship between cognitive function and psychotropic medication use in a population sample ( n = 743) of elderly persons. Approximately one third of subjects received such agents, which consisted primarily of anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antidepressants. Subjects received a battery of cognitive tests at three time points: when they were 70, 75, and 79 years of age. Data on medication use revealed that the use of psychoactive agents increased with age, and was greater for females. A cross-sectional analysis showed that those using psychoactive medicines had lower cognitive test scores compared with those who did not receive such drugs. Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that psychotropics had a negative and cumulative effect on cognition, with the function of subjects who received psychoactive agents consistently poorer than those who did not. The magnitude of this effect is relatively small and for several cognitive tests subjects who received these drugs averaged only a few points lower than individuals not using psychoactive medicines.
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| 4. |
- Crowe, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes and cognitive decline : investigating the potential influence of factors related to health disparities
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - Newbury Park, CA ; Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 22:3, s. 292-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated whether factors related to health disparities--race, rural residence, education, perceived racial discrimination, vascular disease, and health care access and utilization--may moderate the association between diabetes and cognitive decline.METHOD: Participants were 624 community-dwelling older adults (49% African American and 49% rural) who completed in-home mini-mental state examination at baseline and 4-year follow-up.RESULTS: Diabetes at baseline predicted four-year cognitive decline in regression models adjusted for a number of possible confounds. Only perceived discrimination and health utilization showed significant interaction effects with diabetes. Among African Americans who reported experiencing racial discrimination, there was a stronger relationship between diabetes and cognitive decline. Among participants who reported absence of visiting a physician within the past 6 months, the association between diabetes and cognitive decline was substantially larger.DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that factors related to health disparities may influence cognitive outcomes among older adults with diabetes.
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| 5. |
- Darin-Mattsson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Are Occupational Complexity and Socioeconomic Position Related to Psychological Distress 20 Years Later?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 27:7, s. 1266-1285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess occupational complexity in midlife in relation to psychological distress in older adulthood (69+ years) and explore the role of socioeconomic position.Method: Baseline data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey and follow-up data from the Swedish Longitudinal Study ofLiving Conditions of the Oldest Old were combined, resulting in 20+ years of follow-up. Data were analyzed using ordered logistic regressions.Results: Higher occupational complexity was associated with less psychological distress 20 years later adjusted for age, sex, follow-up year, hours worked the year before baseline, and psychological distress at baseline. Higher socioeconomic position yielded the same pattern of results. Socioeconomic position partially accounted for the association between occupational complexity and psychological distress.Discussion: With social gradient not easily amenable to modification, efforts to increase engagement at work may offer a viable option to attenuate the influence of work environment on psychological distress later in life.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ekström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Walking Speed and Results of Timed Get-Up-and-Go Tests on Quality of Life and Social Participation in Elderly Individuals With a History of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 23:8, s. 1379-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between physical performance, quality of life (QoL), and social participation among elderly men and women with a history of osteoporosis-related fractures. METHOD: The study was a population-based cross-sectional study including 155 participants aged 60 to 93 years from the Swedish longitudinal investigation, "Good Aging in Skåne." The participants had suffered fracture of the vertebrae, hip, pelvis, or ankle. Physical performance was expressed as walking speed (WS) and timed get-up-and-go (TUG). QoL was measured as using the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Life Satisfaction (LS) scales. Social participation was defined as taking part in social, cultural, and leisure activities. RESULTS: Lower WS and/or TUG were associated with lower HRQoL, lower LS, and a reduction in social participation, after adjustment for confounding factors. DISCUSSION: Measurements of WS and TUG could be used to determine QoL and social participation in elderly people having sustained fractures.
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| 8. |
- Fauth, Elizabeth B., et al.
(författare)
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Associations between Fine Motor Performance in Activities of Daily Living and Cognitive Ability in a Nondemented Sample of Older Adults : Implications for Geriatric Physical Rehabilitation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 29:7, s. 1144-1159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Fine motor ability (FMA) is essential in certain activities of daily living (ADL) and is considered mostly as a component of physical function. We hypothesize that cognitive ability explains significant variance in ADL-related FMA, above and beyond what is explained by physical ability (grip strength).Method: Origins of Variance in the Old Old Study (OCTO)-Twin participants (n = 218), aged 80+ (dementia, stroke, Parkinson's disease excluded) were assessed on depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D]), a cognitive battery, grip strength, and FMA.Results: In a series of ordinary least squares regression models, FMA was not associated with gender or depressive symptoms, but was associated with age (marginally; β = '.164, p =.051), grip strength (β = '.381, p <.01), and one cognitive measure, perceptual speed (β = '.249, p <.01).Discussion: In nondemented older adults, cognitive speed predicts ADL-related FMA after controlling for age and physical ability. Physical rehabilitation of FMA in ADL tasks should consider the importance of cognitive ability, even in nondemented older adults.
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| 9. |
- Finkel, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort by Education Interactions in Longitudinal Changes in Functional Abilities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 32:3-4, s. 208-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Investigations of cohort differences in relationships between education and health tend to focus on mortality or self-reported health. We report one of the first analyses of cohort differences in relationships between education and objective measures of functional abilities across the lifespan.METHOD: Up to 26 years of follow-up data were available from 859 adults from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging. The sample was divided into two cohorts by birth year: 1900-1924 and 1925-1948. Latent growth curve models (LGCM) were compared across cohort and educational levels.RESULTS: LGCM indicated divergence between adults with lower and higher educational attainment in longitudinal trajectories of change with age in the Balance and Flexibility factors for the later born cohort only.DISCUSSION: Results support the cumulative advantage theory and suggest that education-health disparities are increasing in recent cohorts, even in counties with national health care systems and strong support of education.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Finkel, D, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative genetic analysis of biobehavioral markers of aging in Swedish studies of adult twins
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 12:1, s. 47-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives:This article will examine the generalizability of markers of aging across samples and cultures and the genetic and environmental influences on them. Methods:As part of two studies, 18 demographic, cognitive, physiological, personality, and behavioral variables were available from 459 twin pairs ranging in age from 40 to 90 years. Twelve markers of aging were identified using stepwise regression. Factor analysis of the markers produced four factors: general knowledge, fluid abilities, cardiovascular functioning, and well-being. Results:Analysis of twin similarity for the factors suggested that genetic and environmental influences varied greatly. Significant age differences in heritability were found for three of the four factors. Discussion:Results indicate one aging theory cannot account for changes in all markers of aging. Aging of various systems occurs as a result of different combinations of genetic and environmental influences.
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| 12. |
- Franz, CE, et al.
(författare)
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Facets of Subjective Health From Early Adulthood to Old Age
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6887 .- 0898-2643. ; 29:1, s. 149-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Subjective health is a complex indicator predicting longevity independent of objective health. Few studies examine genetic and environmental mechanisms underlying different facets of subjective health across the life course. Method: Three subjective health measures were examined in 12,900 twins ( Mage = 63.38, range = 25-102) from nine studies in the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies Consortium: self-rated health (SRH), health compared with others (COMP), and health interfering with activities (ACT). Results: Analyses indicated age and sex differences in mean scores depending on the measure. SRH and ACT showed significant linear and non-linear moderation by age for individual differences in both genetic and environmental variance. Significant sex differences in components of variance were found for SRH and ACT, but not COMP. Discussion: Subjective health appears to be dependent on frame of reference and reflect different aspects of health. Results suggest different genetic and environmental mechanisms underlie each facet.
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| 13. |
- Harling, Guy, et al.
(författare)
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Impairment in Activities of Daily Living, Care Receipt, and Unmet Needs in a Middle-Aged and Older Rural South African Population : Findings From the HAALSI Study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 32:5-6, s. 296-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the degree to which care needs are met in an aging rural African population. Method: Using data from the Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community (HAALSI) baseline survey, which interviewed 5,059 adults aged older than 40 years in rural South Africa, we assessed the levels of limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs) and in unmet care for these ADLs, and evaluated their association with sociodemographic and health characteristics. Results: ADL impairment was reported by 12.2% of respondents, with the proportion increasing with age. Among those with ADL impairment, 23.9% reported an unmet need and 51.4% more a partially met need. Relatives provided help most often; formal care provision was rare. Unmet needs were more frequent among younger people and women, and were associated with physical and cognitive deficits, but not income or household size. Discussion: Unmet care needs in rural South Africa are often found among individuals less expected to require care.
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| 14. |
- Heller, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between Physical Housing Characteristics, Housing Accessibility and Different Aspects of Health Among Community-Dwelling Older People : A Systematic Review
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications Inc.. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 36:1-2, s. 120-132
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives : To synthesize the evidence on the relationships between physical housing characteristics or housing accessibility and different aspects of health among community-dwelling people 60 years and older. Methods : A systematic review of recent evidence with a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results : We included 15 studies and found three themes covering physical housing characteristics or housing accessibility that are associated with aspects of health among community-dwelling older adults: (1) interventions by home modifications targeting housing features both at entrances and indoors; (2) non-interventions targeting indoor features; (3) non-interventions targeting entrance features, that is, the presence of an elevator or stairs at the entrance. The overall quality of evidence across studies was assessed as very low. Discussion : The findings highlight the need for studies with a stronger research design and higher methodological quality that address the physical housing environment in relation to health among older adults to strengthen the body of evidence.
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| 15. |
- Hirve, Siddhivinayak, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating reporting heterogeneity in self-rated health among adults aged 50 years and above in India : an anchoring vignettes analytic approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 26:6, s. 1015-1031
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To use anchoring vignettes to evaluate reporting heterogeneity (RH) in self-rated mobility and cognition in older adults.Method: We analyzed vignettes and self-rated mobility and cognition in 2,558 individuals aged 50 years and above. We tested for assumptions of vignette equivalence (VE) and response consistency (RC). We used a joint hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) model to evaluate self-rating responses for RH.Results: The assumption of VE was met except for "learning" vignettes. Higher socioeconomic status (SES) and education significantly lowered thresholds for cognition ratings. After correction for RH, women, lower SES, and older respondents were significantly more likely to report greater difficulty in mobility. The influence of age, SES, and education on thresholds was less apparent for cognition.Discussion: Our study provides strong evidence of RH in self-rated mobility and cognition. We highlight the need to formally test basic assumptions before using vignettes to adjust self-rating responses for RH.
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| 16. |
- Kabir, ZN, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of sociocultural and structural factors on functional ability: the case of elderly people in Bangladesh
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 13:3, s. 355-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective:To describe and contextualize functional status of elderly people (= 60 years) in Bangladesh by relating it to gender, region, and socioeconomic status. Methods:In this community-based study ( N= 696), functional status was described through assessment of activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Information was obtained on type of help used for ADLs and IADLs and reason for nonperformance of IADLs. Results:Findings indicate differential performance in ADLs and IADLs by gender and region. Socioeconomic status is found to influence IADLs only. Empirical evidence regarding type of help used and reason for not performing a task enables understanding of sociocultural and structural influence on functional ability. Discussion:The underlying assumption of ADL and IADL instruments that an individual will perform an activity given physical or cognitive ability is questioned. It is suggested that sociocultural and structural factors are strong determinants of task performance.
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| 17. |
- Laplante-Lévesque, Ariane, et al.
(författare)
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Rehabilitation of older adults with hearing impairment : A critical review
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 22:2, s. 143-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Hearing impairment, which affects both peripheral and central structures of the auditory system, is highly prevalent among older adults and has serious consequences both for the people with hearing impairment and for those around them. This article provides an updated overview of the rehabilitation of this population.Methods: This article critically reviews the rehabilitation interventions available to older adults with hearing impairment: hearing aids, hearing assistance technology, and communication programs.Results: Current evidence suggests positive outcomes of similar magnitude for the three rehabilitation interventions, however their availability/uptake and adherence are suboptimal.Discussion: To improve the current situation, two changes to practice are warranted. First, availability of the range of rehabilitation interventions should be improved. Second, in accordance with the self-management of other chronic health conditions, older adults with hearing impairment should be invited to be actively involved in their rehabilitation.
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| 18. |
- Larsson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Dementia and depressive symptoms as predictors of home help utilization among the oldest old : A population based study in an urban area of Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 16:5, s. 641-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The objective of this article is to investigate predictors of public home help utilization, particularly mental health problems such as dementia and depressive symptoms. Methods: A population-based sample of community-dwelling people aged 81-100 was interviewed and assessed with medical examinations (N = 502). Results: Dementia increased the odds of receiving public home help among people residing alone. Among coresiding people, it increased the odds of receiving home help, but only among those who had extra residential care. Depressive symptoms decreased the odds of receiving home help among people with lower levels of education who lived alone. Depressive symptoms among highly educated people who lived alone and among coresiding people of any educational level were not related to receipt of home help. Discussion: Improvement of screening activities for public home help needs of community-dwelling elders might allow better targeting of limited social resources to the most needy.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Michelakos, Theodoros, et al.
(författare)
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Serum Folate and B12 Levels in Association With Cognitive Impairment Among Seniors : Results From the VELESTINO Study in Greece and Meta-Analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 25:4, s. 589-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To summarize existing evidence on the effect of serum folate and vitamin B12 levels on cognitive impairment among elders via a meta-analysis, also including unpublished data from a cross-sectional study of seniors ( > 65 years) residing in Velestino, Greece. Method: Serum measurements and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assessments were available for 593 Velestinians. In addition, 12 studies availing data on folate blood levels (N = 9,747) and 9 on B12 (N = 8,122) were identified following a search algorithm; pooled effect estimates were derived. Results: Cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24) among Velestenians was associated with lower education level in both genders; decreased social activity, depressive symptoms and low folate levels in males; older age in females. Meta-analyses showed an adverse effect of low-folate levels on cognition (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.40-1.96); B12 was nonsignificantly associated (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.88-1.40). Discussion: Low folate levels are associated with cognitive impairment of seniors; underlying pathophysiological mechanisms should be further explored.
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| 21. |
- Nilsen, C, et al.
(författare)
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Erratum
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6887 .- 0898-2643. ; 30:2, s. 321-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nilsen, C., Agahi, N., & Kåreholt, I. (2017): Work stressors in late midlife and physical functioning in old age. Journal of Aging and Health, 29, 893–911. DOI: 10.1177/0898264316654673 In the above article, on page 903, the following paragraph has been placed incorrectly “example, passive jobs have been associated with an inactive lifestyle in men but not women (Gimeno et al., 2009). However, the association remained after controlling for lifestyle factors (physical activity and smoking), although the results regarding mobility problems and limited physical performance were slightly attenuated (Table 4, Model II). Another possibility is that other activities outside work that help people cope with work stressors differed for women and men. It is also possible that passive jobs are as stressful for men as high-strain jobs are for women. Perhaps men with passive jobs did not live up to ideas of hegemonic masculinity, and this, in turn, might have resulted in stress. The general pattern we observed—that in men, high job demands were somewhat protective of physical functioning, whereas in women, high job demands decreased physical functioning—has been noted in earlier studies (Karlqvist et al., 2002; Nilsen et al., 2014). Job demands may be viewed differently by men than women; alternatively, in men in these birth cohorts, job demands may have been an indicator of intellectual engagement at work.” This paragraph should appear on page 906 after the following sentence “The sex differences in the associations between work stressors and physical functioning in old age may have been due to differences in lifestyle; for”.
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| 22. |
- Nilsen, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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Work Stressors in Late Midlife and Physical Functioning in Old Age
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 29:5, s. 893-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between work stressors in late midlife and physical functioning in old age. Method: Two linked nationally representative Swedish surveys were used: the 1991 Level of Living Survey (age 57-65) and the 2011 Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old. Work stressors were measured with the job demand-control model and physical functioning in old age with physical performance tests, lung function tests, and self-reported mobility. Ordered logistic and linear regressions were performed (n = 166-214). Results: High demands, low control, and high strain (i.e., high demands combined with low control) were associated with limited physical functioning in women. Low control and passive jobs were associated with limited physical functioning in men. Discussion: Work stressors in late midlife are important predictors of physical functioning in older adults. However, women and men seem to be vulnerable to different work stressors.
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| 23. |
- Nilsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Social capital and quality of life in old age: results from a cross-sectional study in rural Bangladesh
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 18:3, s. 419-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this article is to identify determinants of quality of life (QoL) and investigate their association with individual- and community-level social capital among older people in rural Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study of 1,135 elderly persons (aged ≥ 60 years) was conducted in a rural district in Bangladesh. Independent variables included age, sex, education, economic status of the elderly person, and individual- and community-level social capital. Self-rated QoL was the dependent variable. Descriptive analyses were done to show group differences in QoL and logistic regression analyses to identify determinants of QoL. Advanced age, poor household economic status, and low social capital at individual and community levels were significant determinants of poor QoL among the elderly. This population-based study provided empirical evidence that social capital both at individual and community levels was directly associated with the QoL of elderly people in rural Bangladesh.
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| 24. |
- Nilsson, Jan, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Social Capital and Qualityof Life in Old Age
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 18:3, s. 419-434
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this article is to identify determinants of quality of life (QoL) andinvestigate their association with individual- and community-level social capitalamong older people in rural Bangladesh.Across-sectional study of 1,135 elderly persons(aged ≥ 60 years) was conducted in a rural district in Bangladesh. Independentvariables included age, sex, education, economic status of the elderly person, andindividual- and community-level social capital. Self-rated QoL was the dependentvariable. Descriptive analyses were done to showgroup differences in QoL and logisticregression analyses to identify determinants of QoL. Advanced age, poor householdeconomic status, and lowsocial capital at individual and community levels weresignificant determinants of poor QoL among the elderly. This population-based studyprovided empirical evidence that social capital both at individual and community levelswas directly associated with the QoL of elderly people in rural Bangladesh.
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| 25. |
- Nyqvist, Fredrica, et al.
(författare)
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Social Capital and Loneliness Among the Very Old Living at Home and in Institutional Settings: A Comparative Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications (UK and US). - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 25:6, s. 1013-1035
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between aspects of social capital and loneliness among the very old living at home and in institutional settings. Method: Half of those aged 85 years, and all 90- and 95-year-olds and older in urban and rural municipalities in northern Sweden and western Finland were invited to participate in a cross-sectional population-based study in 2005-2007. A sample of 483 participants who completed the study was included in the analyses. Results: Loneliness was experienced by 55% percent of those living in institutional settings often or sometimes and 45% of those living in their own homes. Loneliness was closely related to living alone, to depression, and to region (northern Sweden). Discussion: Social capital and loneliness are context dependent (i.e., geographical or living environment). Among the very old, the link between social capital resources and loneliness is also highly influenced by health status.
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| 26. |
- Parker, MG, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of physical function among the oldest old: a comparison of three outcome variables in a 24-year follow-up
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 8:3, s. 444-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study has measured physical function in a nationally representative sample of persons aged 77 to 98 (N = 508) in 1992. Three measures of function are used: activities of daily living (ADL), an index of mobility, and performance tests. These are used as outcomes and analyzed in relation to variables gathered in a survey in 1968. Variables from 1968 include education, mobility, smoking, and an index of circulation problems. All four variables predict some limitations in physical function in old age. However, there are different patterns of predictors found for the three outcome measures. All three outcomes are associated with age, education, and previous circulation problems. ADL limitations are also associated with poor previous mobility and smoking; mobility limitations are also associated with sex and smoking; performance limitations are also associated with sex.
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| 27. |
- Parker, Vanessa, et al.
(författare)
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The Association Between Mid-Life Socioeconomic Position and Health After RetirementExploring the Role of Working Conditions
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 25:5, s. 863-881
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To explore the role of working conditions in the association between socioeconomic position and health after retirement age using over 20 years follow-up. Method: Two Swedish nationally representative Level of Living Surveys (total N = 1,131) were used. Ordered logistic regression was used to assess the association between socioeconomic position and health (self-rated health, psychological distress, musculoskeletal pain, circulatory problems, physical and cognitive impairment). The role of physical and psychological working conditions was also assessed. Results: Lower socioeconomic position was associated with more adverse physical, but not psychological, working conditions. Physical working conditions partially explained the differences in physical impairment and musculoskeletal pain in old age attributed to socioeconomic position, but not differences in self-rated health, circulatory problems, psychological distress, and cognitive impairment. Socioeconomic position was a stronger correlate of health than psychological working conditions alone. Discussion: Improving physical working conditions may be important for reducing the influence of socioeconomic position on health after retirement.
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| 28. |
- Payne, Collin F., et al.
(författare)
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Life-Course Trauma and Later Life Mental, Physical, and Cognitive Health in a Postapartheid South African Population : Findings From the HAALSI study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 32:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To investigate the relationships between exposure to life-course traumatic events (TEs) and later life mental, physical, and cognitive health outcomes in the older population of a rural South African community.Method: Data were from baseline interviews with 2,473 adults aged >= 40 years in the population-representative Health and Aging in Africa: A Longitudinal Study of an INDEPTH Community in South Africa (HAALSI) study, conducted in 2015. We assessed exposure to 16 TEs, and used logistic regression models to estimate associations with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), activities of daily living disability, and cognitive impairment.Results: Participants reported an average of 5 (SD = 2.4) TEs over their lifetimes. Exposure was ubiquitous across sociodemographic and socioeconomic groups. Trauma exposure was associated with higher odds of depression, PTSD, and disability, but not with cognitive health.Discussion: Results suggest that TEs experienced in earlier life continue to reverberate today in terms of mental health and physical disability outcomes in an older population in rural South Africa.
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| 29. |
- Pedersen, NL, et al.
(författare)
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The importance of genetic and environmental effects for self-reported health symptoms: a 30-year follow-up considering survival and selection effects
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of aging and health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 11:4, s. 475-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives:This study delineated the nature of individual differences in self-reported health status across a 30-year period. Potential survival and selection effects on mean levels, variances, and genetic and environmental sources of variance were evaluated. Methods:Self-reported health status in 1963 was evaluated in 5,229 pairs of twins from the Swedish Twin Registry and in a subsample of 351 pairs surviving to the age of 80 years in 1993. Structural equation modeling evaluated genetic and environmental contributions to total variance and change in variance. Results:For men but not women, the genetic and environmental influences on health symptoms differed between survivors and nonsurvivors. Total variance increased, reflecting an increase in environmental variance, across the 30 years for both genders. Genetic variance decreased longitudinally for men. Discussion:The increase in variation from the mid-50s to the mid-80s appears to be due to an accumulation in environmental variation. There are gender differences that deserve further exploration.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Sakari, Ritva, et al.
(författare)
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Do Associations Between Perceived Environmental and Individual Characteristics and Walking Limitations Depend on Lower Extremity Performance Level?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6887 .- 0898-2643. ; 29:4, s. 640-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze whether the associations between perceived environmental and individual characteristics and perceived walking limitations in older people differ between those with intact and those with poorer lower extremity performance.METHOD: Persons aged 75 to 90 (N= 834) participated in interviews and performance tests in their homes. Standard questionnaires were used to obtain walking difficulties; environmental barriers to and, facilitators of, mobility; and perceived individual hindrances to outdoor mobility. Lower extremity performance was tested using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).RESULTS: Among those with poorer lower extremity performance, the likelihood for advanced walking limitations was, in particular, related to perceived poor safety in the environment, and among those with intact performance to perceived social issues, such as lack of company, as well as to long distances.DISCUSSION: The environmental correlates of walking limitations seem to depend on the level of lower extremity performance.
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| 32. |
- Shaw, Benjamin A., et al.
(författare)
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Trends in the Mortality Risk of Living Alone during Old Age in Sweden, 1992–2011
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 32:10, s. 1399-1408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This study investigates the association between living alone and mortality over a recent 19-year period (1992–2011).Method: Data from a repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative (Sweden) study of adults ages 77 and older are analyzed in relation to 3-year mortality.Results: Findings suggest that the mortality risk associated with living alone during old age increased between 1992 and 2011 (p =.076). A small increase in the mean age of those living alone is partly responsible for the strengthening over time of this association. Throughout this time period, older adults living alone consistently reported poorer mobility and psychological health, less financial security, fewer social contacts, and more loneliness than older adults living with others.Discussion: Older adults living alone are more vulnerable than those living with others, and their mortality risk has increased. They may have unique service needs that should be considered in policies aiming to support aging in place.
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| 33. |
- Slaug, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Defining Profiles of Functional Limitations in Groups of Older Persons: How and Why?
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-6887 .- 0898-2643. ; 23:3, s. 578-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Addressing the complexity of multiple health problems in the older population, the objective was to identify combinations of functional limitations for use in simulation analysis, to enable predictions of the potentially most severe person-environment fit (i.e., accessibility) problems among groups of older persons. METHOD: Utilizing data from 1,542 persons aged 75 to 89 years and applying Configuration Frequency Analysis, we tested which combinations of functional limitations that occurred more or less often than expected. Significant combinations were defined as type profiles and used in simulated accessibility analyses. RESULTS: Eleven combinations occurred more often and eight less often than expected (p < .05). Simulations with ten type profiles predicted varied patterns of accessibility problems. CONCLUSION: The use of type profiles has potential to contribute to the knowledge of combinations of functional limitations among groups of older persons. Variation in predicted accessibility problems for different type profiles helps identifying priorities in societal planning.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Sternäng, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Associations Between Functional Biological Age and Cognition Among Older Adults in Rural Bangladesh : Comparisons With Chronological Age
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 31:5, s. 814-836
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We constructed a functional biological age (fBioAge) indicator by using four functional variables: grip strength, forced expiratory lung volume, visual acuity, and hearing. Our aim was to compare how chronological age (ChronAge) and fBioAge are related to cognitive abilities in older adults. Method: We used data from the Poverty and Health in Aging project, Bangladesh. Participants (N = 400) were 60+ years of age and diagnosed as nondemented. Examined cognitive abilities were four episodic memory measures (including recall and recognition), two verbal fluency indicators, two semantic knowledge, and two processing speed tasks. Results: fBioAge accounted for cognitive variance beyond that explained by ChronAge also after controlling for medical diagnoses and blood markers. Discussion: Compared with ChronAge, fBioAge was a stronger predictor of cognition during a broad part of the old adult span. fBioAge seems, in that respect, to have the potential to become a useful age indicator in future aging studies.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Zarit, Steven H, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in Functional Competency in the Oldest Old : A Longitudinal Study.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 7:1, s. 3-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in everyday functioning and cognitive abilities are studied longitudinally in a representative sample of the oldest old. Respondents were selected by using census records from all people aged 84, 86, 88, and 90 years old living in an area of South Central Sweden, and then were assessed at 2-year intervals. The findings show high base rates for disabilities and high incidence of cognitive and functional deficits among survivors. Mortality is associated with higher rates of disability at the previous time of assessment. Because of this increased mortality rate among disabled individuals, prevalence does not rise as much as would be expected from the high incidence. Instead, new cases of disabled are partly replacing disabled individuals who died since the previous evaluation.
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| 38. |
- Åkerborg, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
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Cost of Dementia and Its Correlation With Dependence
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 28:8, s. 1448-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To estimate the cost of dementia care and its relation to dependence. Method: Disease severity and health care resource utilization was retrieved from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care. Informal care was assessed with the Resource Utilization in Dementia instrument. A path model investigates the relationship between annual cost of care and dependence, cognitive ability, functioning, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and comorbidities. Results: Average annual cost among patients diagnosed with dementia was Euro43,259, primarily incurred by accommodation. Resource use, that is, institutional care, community care, and accommodation, and corresponding costs increased significantly by increasing dependency. Path analysis showed that cognitive ability, functioning, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were significantly correlated with dependence, which in turn had a strong impact on annual cost. Discussion: This study confirms that cost of dementia care increases with dependence and that the impact of other disease indicators is mainly mediated by dependence.
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| 39. |
- Bergquist, Bjarne, et al.
(författare)
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A Bayesian analysis of unreplicated two-level factorials using effects sparsity, hierarchy, and heredity
- 2011
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Ingår i: Quality Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0898-2112 .- 1532-4222. ; 23:2, s. 152-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article proposes a Bayesian procedure to calculate posterior probabilities of active effects for unreplicated two-level factorials. The results from a literature survey are used to specify individual prior probabilities for the activity of effects and the posterior probabilities are then calculated in a three-step procedure where the principles of effects sparsity, hierarchy, and heredity are successively considered. We illustrate our approach by reanalyzing experiments found in the literature.
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